Astrophotography Handbook for DSLR Cameras
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Improve Your Night Photography
IMPROVE YOUR NIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY By Jim Harmer SMASHWORDS EDITION * * * * * Improve Your Night Photography Copyright © 2010 Jim Harmer. All rights reserved THE SALES FROM THIS BOOK HELP TO SUPPORT THE AUTHOR AND HIS FAMILY. PLEASE CONSIDER GIVING THIS BOOK A 5-STAR REVIEW ON THE EBOOK STORE FROM WHICH IT WAS PURCHASED. * * * * * All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. This is a work of non-fiction, but all examples of persons contained herein are fictional. Persons, places, brands, media, and incidents are either the product of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. The trademarked and/or copyrighted status and trademark and/or copyright owners of various products referenced in this work of fiction, which have been used without permission, is acknowledged. The publication/use of these trademarks and/or copyrights isn’t authorized, associated, or sponsored by the owners. The copyright notice and legal disclaimer at the end of this work is fully incorporated herein. Smashwords Edition License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person you share it with. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then you should return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. -
Noise and ISO CS 178, Spring 2014
Noise and ISO CS 178, Spring 2014 Marc Levoy Computer Science Department Stanford University Outline ✦ examples of camera sensor noise • don’t confuse it with JPEG compression artifacts ✦ probability, mean, variance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ✦ laundry list of noise sources • photon shot noise, dark current, hot pixels, fixed pattern noise, read noise ✦ SNR (again), dynamic range (DR), bits per pixel ✦ ISO ✦ denoising • by aligning and averaging multiple shots • by image processing will be covered in a later lecture 2 © Marc Levoy Nokia N95 cell phone at dusk • 8×8 blocks are JPEG compression • unwanted sinusoidal patterns within each block are JPEG’s attempt to compress noisy pixels 3 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec • RAW w/o denoising 4 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec • RAW w/o denoising 5 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec 6 © Marc Levoy Photon shot noise ✦ the number of photons arriving during an exposure varies from exposure to exposure and from pixel to pixel, even if the scene is completely uniform ✦ this number is governed by the Poisson distribution 7 © Marc Levoy Poisson distribution ✦ expresses the probability that a certain number of events will occur during an interval of time ✦ applicable to events that occur • with a known average rate, and • independently of the time since the last event ✦ if on average λ events occur in an interval of time, the probability p that k events occur instead is λ ke−λ p(k;λ) = probability k! density function 8 © Marc Levoy Mean and variance ✦ the mean of a probability density function p(x) is µ = ∫ x p(x)dx ✦ the variance of a probability density function p(x) is σ 2 = ∫ (x − µ)2 p(x)dx ✦ the mean and variance of the Poisson distribution are µ = λ σ 2 = λ ✦ the standard deviation is σ = λ Deviation grows slower than the average. -
About Raspberry Pi HQ Camera Lenses Created by Dylan Herrada
All About Raspberry Pi HQ Camera Lenses Created by Dylan Herrada Last updated on 2020-10-19 07:56:39 PM EDT Overview In this guide, I'll explain the 3 main lens options for a Raspberry Pi HQ Camera. I do have a few years of experience as a video engineer and I also have a decent amount of experience using cameras with relatively small sensors (mainly mirrorless cinema cameras like the BMPCC) so I am very aware of a lot of the advantages and challenges associated. That being said, I am by no means an expert, so apologies in advance if I get anything wrong. Parts Discussed Raspberry Pi High Quality HQ Camera $50.00 IN STOCK Add To Cart © Adafruit Industries https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-hq-camera-lenses Page 3 of 13 16mm 10MP Telephoto Lens for Raspberry Pi HQ Camera OUT OF STOCK Out Of Stock 6mm 3MP Wide Angle Lens for Raspberry Pi HQ Camera OUT OF STOCK Out Of Stock Raspberry Pi 3 - Model B+ - 1.4GHz Cortex-A53 with 1GB RAM $35.00 IN STOCK Add To Cart Raspberry Pi Zero WH (Zero W with Headers) $14.00 IN STOCK Add To Cart © Adafruit Industries https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-hq-camera-lenses Page 4 of 13 © Adafruit Industries https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-hq-camera-lenses Page 5 of 13 Crop Factor What is crop factor? According to Wikipedia (https://adafru.it/MF0): In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference. -
Optics – Panoramic Lens Applications Revisited
Panoramic Lens Applications Revisited Simon Thibault* M.Sc., Ph.D., Eng Director, Optics Division/Principal Optical Designer ImmerVision 2020 University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A5 Canada ABSTRACT During the last few years, innovative optical design strategies to generate and control image mapping have been successful in producing high-resolution digital imagers and projectors. This new generation of panoramic lenses includes catadioptric panoramic lenses, panoramic annular lenses, visible/IR fisheye lenses, anamorphic wide-angle attachments, and visible/IR panomorph lenses. Given that a wide-angle lens images a large field of view on a limited number of pixels, a systematic pixel-to-angle mapping will help the efficient use of each pixel in the field of view. In this paper, we present several modern applications of these modern types of hemispheric lenses. Recently, surveillance and security applications have been proposed and published in Security and Defence symposium. However, modern hemispheric lens can be used in many other fields. A panoramic imaging sensor contributes most to the perception of the world. Panoramic lenses are now ready to be deployed in many optical solutions. Covered applications include, but are not limited to medical imaging (endoscope, rigiscope, fiberscope…), remote sensing (pipe inspection, crime scene investigation, archeology…), multimedia (hemispheric projector, panoramic image…). Modern panoramic technologies allow simple and efficient digital image processing and the use of standard image analysis features (motion estimation, segmentation, object tracking, pattern recognition) in the complete 360o hemispheric area. Keywords: medical imaging, image analysis, immersion, omnidirectional, panoramic, panomorph, multimedia, total situation awareness, remote sensing, wide-angle 1. INTRODUCTION Photography was invented by Daguerre in 1837, and at that time the main photographic objective was that the lens should cover a wide-angle field of view with a relatively high aperture1. -
Estimation and Correction of the Distortion in Forensic Image Due to Rotation of the Photo Camera
Master Thesis Electrical Engineering February 2018 Master Thesis Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Signal Processing February 2018 Estimation and Correction of the Distortion in Forensic Image due to Rotation of the Photo Camera Sathwika Bavikadi Venkata Bharath Botta Department of Applied Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Department of Applied Signal Processing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Signal Processing. Contact Information: Author(s): Sathwika Bavikadi E-mail: [email protected] Venkata Bharath Botta E-mail: [email protected] Supervisor: Irina Gertsovich University Examiner: Dr. Sven Johansson Department of Applied Signal Processing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Images, unlike text, represent an effective and natural communica- tion media for humans, due to their immediacy and the easy way to understand the image content. Shape recognition and pattern recog- nition are one of the most important tasks in the image processing. Crime scene photographs should always be in focus and there should be always be a ruler be present, this will allow the investigators the ability to resize the image to accurately reconstruct the scene. There- fore, the camera must be on a grounded platform such as tripod. Due to the rotation of the camera around the camera center there exist the distortion in the image which must be minimized. -
A Person Who Creates Still Photographic Images for the Publicity of Films and Television Programs and Other Photography: Producing Still Images
BA Still Photography Still photography refers to unit still photographer: a person who creates still photographic images for the publicity of films and television programs and other photography: producing still images. The liberalization, globalisation and opening up of economy has led to the setting up of a host of 24X7 news channels as well as a large number of entertainment channels. Further, with the mindset of Indian masses undergoing sea change, the working in the entertainment Industry is no more a limitation. More and more young men and women are taking to entertainment industry. Courses of Film and Television is driven by the singular desire to create New Media Communicators using cinema and television as a means of dialogue with their world. We aim to provide a global platform for quality media and film professionals. Eligibility Criteria: 10+2 or equivalent in any stream To earn a BA (Hons) in Still Photography, a student has to earn a minimum of 90 credits. Minimum 24 credits are to be earned from Still Photography subjects and the remaining can be taken from any stream. Every student has to attain a minimum of D grade in all courses; a student may however, and repeat or change any course being offered. Notwithstanding, every student must acquire the desired number of credits. The detailed course structure under different categories is given in succeeding pages. Brief description of the course content follows thereafter. Codes Subject Name Credit 16A.101 Creative Writing 4 16A.102 Still Photography 4 16A.103 Media Appreciation -
Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment
Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Landscape Institute Technical Guidance Note Public ConsuDRAFTltation Draft 2018-06-01 To the recipient of this draft guidance The Landscape Institute is keen to hear the views of LI members and non-members alike. We are happy to receive your comments in any form (eg annotated PDF, email with paragraph references ) via email to [email protected] which will be forwarded to the Chair of the working group. Alternatively, members may make comments on Talking Landscape: Topic “Photography and Photomontage Update”. You may provide any comments you consider would be useful, but may wish to use the following as a guide. 1) Do you expect to be able to use this guidance? If not, why not? 2) Please identify anything you consider to be unclear, or needing further explanation or justification. 3) Please identify anything you disagree with and state why. 4) Could the information be better-organised? If so, how? 5) Are there any important points that should be added? 6) Is there anything in the guidance which is not required? 7) Is there any unnecessary duplication? 8) Any other suggeDRAFTstions? Responses to be returned by 29 June 2018. Incidentally, the ##’s are to aid a final check of cross-references before publication. Contents 1 Introduction Appendices 2 Background Methodology App 01 Site equipment 3 Photography App 02 Camera settings - equipment and approaches needed to capture App 03 Dealing with panoramas suitable images App 04 Technical methodology template -
BLUETOOTH SHUTTERBOSS User Manual THANK YOU for CHOOSING VELLO
BLUETOOTH SHUTTERBOSS User Manual THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING VELLO The Vello Bluetooth ShutterBoss ideal for eliminating vibrations shutter exposures in multiple Advanced Intervalometer during macro, close-up, and firing modes, the Bluetooth represents the new generation long exposure photography, ShutterBoss is the future of of wireless triggering. Utilizing as well as for taking images wireless camera controls. the power of Bluetooth of hard to approach subjects, technology, the Bluetooth such as wildlife. The Integrated ShutterBoss empowers the user intervalometer and 10 setting to an Apple® iPhone®, iPad®, schedules allow you to trigger iPad mini™, or iPod touch® up to 9,999 shots during a to wirelessly trigger their period of almost a full day – camera’s shutter. This makes 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 the Bluetooth ShutterBoss seconds. Capable of activating 2 FEATURES • Wireless Bluetooth • Multiple shooting modes communication with Apple iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch • Compact and easy to use • Advanced intervalometer with • Ideal for advanced up to 10 scheduling modes intervalometer photography, macro, close-up, and long • Free app on the App StoreSM exposures 3 PRECAUTIONS • Please read and follow these • Do not handle with wet hands • Observe caution when instructions and keep this or immerse in or expose handling batteries. Batteries manual in a safe place. to water or rain. Failure to may leak or explode if observe this precaution could improperly handled. Use • Do not attempt to result in fire or electric shock. only the batteries listed in disassemble or perform any this manual. Make certain to unauthorized modification. • Keep out of the reach of align batteries with correct children. -
Depth of Field PDF Only
Depth of Field for Digital Images Robin D. Myers Better Light, Inc. In the days before digital images, before the advent of roll film, photography was accomplished with photosensitive emulsions spread on glass plates. After processing and drying the glass negative, it was contact printed onto photosensitive paper to produce the final print. The size of the final print was the same size as the negative. During this period some of the foundational work into the science of photography was performed. One of the concepts developed was the circle of confusion. Contact prints are usually small enough that they are normally viewed at a distance of approximately 250 millimeters (about 10 inches). At this distance the human eye can resolve a detail that occupies an angle of about 1 arc minute. The eye cannot see a difference between a blurred circle and a sharp edged circle that just fills this small angle at this viewing distance. The diameter of this circle is called the circle of confusion. Converting the diameter of this circle into a size measurement, we get about 0.1 millimeters. If we assume a standard print size of 8 by 10 inches (about 200 mm by 250 mm) and divide this by the circle of confusion then an 8x10 print would represent about 2000x2500 smallest discernible points. If these points are equated to their equivalence in digital pixels, then the resolution of a 8x10 print would be about 2000x2500 pixels or about 250 pixels per inch (100 pixels per centimeter). The circle of confusion used for 4x5 film has traditionally been that of a contact print viewed at the standard 250 mm viewing distance. -
Making Your Own Astronomical Camera by Susan Kern and Don Mccarthy
www.astrosociety.org/uitc No. 50 - Spring 2000 © 2000, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112. Making Your Own Astronomical Camera by Susan Kern and Don McCarthy An Education in Optics Dissect & Modify the Camera Loading the Film Turning the Camera Skyward Tracking the Sky Astronomy Camp for All Ages For More Information People are fascinated by the night sky. By patiently watching, one can observe many astronomical and atmospheric phenomena, yet the permanent recording of such phenomena usually belongs to serious amateur astronomers using moderately expensive, 35-mm cameras and to scientists using modern telescopic equipment. At the University of Arizona's Astronomy Camps, we dissect, modify, and reload disposed "One- Time Use" cameras to allow students to study engineering principles and to photograph the night sky. Elementary school students from Silverwood School in Washington state work with their modified One-Time Use cameras during Astronomy Camp. Photo courtesy of the authors. Today's disposable cameras are a marvel of technology, wonderfully suited to a variety of educational activities. Discarded plastic cameras are free from camera stores. Students from junior high through graduate school can benefit from analyzing the cameras' optics, mechanisms, electronics, light sources, manufacturing techniques, and economics. Some of these educational features were recently described by Gene Byrd and Mark Graham in their article in the Physics Teacher, "Camera and Telescope Free-for-All!" (1999, vol. 37, p. 547). Here we elaborate on the cameras' optical properties and show how to modify and reload one for astrophotography. An Education in Optics The "One-Time Use" cameras contain at least six interesting optical components. -
The ABC's of Photography
The ABC’s of Photography Susan Wingfield Lamar High School INTRODUCTION Students today are exposed to photography on a level that has never been experienced before. Cameras of one sort or another are immediately accessible. Students take pictures with cell phones that fit in the palm of their hands and digital cameras that are slightly larger than a credit card. When they are not taking pictures, they are showing pictures to their friends, or looking at their friends‟ pictures. Anyone can take photographs. But, questions arise. First, how do you get students to evaluate their images? And, do they need to? What kind of standards in photography are important and why? How can I teach photography to students and make it relevant and interesting? I don‟t want to turn teaching photography into a sit-and-get experience. In order for my photography curriculum to generate student enthusiasm, I have to create a curriculum unit that my students can relate to. So, my next step is to combine all these questions into a workable idea that students can learn from. I have decided to base the curriculum unit on what I think would be an intuitive student point of view. I begin with what students already know – how to shoot pictures. The format of each part of the unit will be five steps. First, I will ask students to take pictures of something relevant to them. These assignments will be according to subject and will vary. I find that assignments help focus the student. If I say “Go take pictures of whatever you want,” students get lost trying to decide “Of what?” If I give them an assignment, then they can get creative within those boundaries. -
Name: NAAP – the Rotating Sky 1/11
Name: The Rotating Sky – Student Guide I. Background Information Work through the explanatory material on The Observer, Two Systems – Celestial, Horizon, the Paths of Stars, and Bands in the Sky. All of the concepts that are covered in these pages are used in the Rotating Sky Explorer and will be explored more fully there. II. Introduction to the Rotating Sky Simulator • Open the Rotating Sky Explorer The Rotating Sky Explorer consists of a flat map of the Earth, Celestial Sphere, and a Horizon Diagram that are linked together. The explanations below will help you fully explore the capabilities of the simulator. • You may click and drag either the celestial sphere or the horizon diagram to change your perspective. • A flat map of the earth is found in the lower left which allows one to control the location of the observer on the Earth. You may either drag the map cursor to specify a location, type in values for the latitude and longitude directly, or use the arrow keys to make adjustments in 5° increments. You should practice dragging the observer to a few locations (North Pole, intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Tropic of Capricorn, etc.). • Note how the Earth Map, Celestial Sphere, and Horizon Diagram are linked together. Grab the map cursor and slowly drag it back and forth vertically changing the observer’s latitude. Note how the observer’s location is reflected on the Earth at the center of the Celestial Sphere (this may occur on the back side of the earth out of view). • Continue changing the observer’s latitude and note how this is reflected on the horizon diagram.