Number 45  Spring 2015

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NUMBER 45 11 BEYOND REFORM ESSAYS CALL FOR A SWEEPING REASSESSMENT OF INCARCERATION The Roots of Mass Incarceration in the US: Locking Up Black Dissidents and Punishing the Poor

Edited by Mumia Abu-Jamal and Johanna Fernandez OLRXVVRFLDOPRYHPHQWVRIWKDWGD\ LQFOXGLQJWKH:RPHQ¶V VWUXJJOHV Socialism and Democracy, Vol. 28, No. 3, November 2014 DQWL9LHWQDP :DU 1DWLYH$PHULFDQ *D\/HVELDQ HWF  7KH YROXPH SURYLGHV D SURPLVLQJ H[DPSOH RI RXWVLGH PRYHPHQWV RUJDQL]LQJLQ1HZpolitical prisoner PRFUDF\³7KH5RRWVRI0DVV,QFDUFHUDWLRQLQWKH86/RFN- LWHGWR WKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VLOOHJDO&2,17(/352 FRXQWHULQ- who has written extensively about the criminal injustice LQJ8S%ODFN'LVVLGHQWVDQG3XQLVKLQJWKH3RRU´SURYLGHV WHOOLJHQFHSURJUDP RIGLVUXSWLRQLPSULVRQPHQWDQGDVVDV- system, most recently in his pamphlet, “Our Commitment Is DSHQHWUDWLQJDQDO\VLVRIDUDQJHRIWKHLVVXHVLQYROYHGDQG VLQDWLRQ7KDWZHQWKDQGLQKDQGZLWKPDVVLQFDUFHUDWLRQWR to Our Communities” (Kersplebedeb, 2014). Incarcerated SRLQWVWRZDUGWKHVWHSVWKDWDUHQHHGHGWRWXUQDURXQGWKHVH FRQWURODQGFRQWDLQWKHJKHWWRV since 1981, he is now held in the Auburn, NY, Correctional KRUURUV1RWVXUSULVLQJO\WKHPRVWWUHQFKDQWHVVD\VLQWKLV .LRQLVDGLNLDQG2GLQJDJLYHDVHQVHRIWKHUDQJHRISR- Facility.] FROOHFWLRQFRPHIURPWKRVHZKRKDYHEHHQLQWKHWUHQFKHV OLWLFDOPRYHPHQWVWKDWKDYHSURGXFHGWKHGR]HQVRISROLWLFDO WKRVHZKRKDYHEHHQ¿JKWLQJWKLVPRQVWHUIRUGHFDGHVHVSH- SULVRQHUVEHLQJKHOGWRGD\7KHFDPSDLJQVWRIUHHSROLWLFDO Buried Alive FLDOO\WKHVHYHUDOSLHFHVZULWWHQE\SROLWLFDOSULVRQHUVDQGH[ SULVRQHUV DQG IRU GHFDUFHUDWLRQ DUH QRW FRPSHWLQJ DUHQDV By Philip Moon Dorsett SROLWLFDOSULVRQHUV7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQFRXOGQ¶WEHPRUHWLPHO\ EXWUDWKHUWKH\IRUPDMRLQWVWUXJJOH$OORIWKLVLVEDVHGRQ :KDWLVWKHHQGSXUSRVHRIOLIH",WLVVLPSO\WR DQGUHOHYDQWDVWKHPLJKW\ULYHURIWKH%ODFN/LYHV0DWWHU WKHQDWXUHRIWKHV\VWHP³7KHSROLWLFVRIPDVVDQGSROLWLFDO OLYHH[SHULHQFHFRQWULEXWHFRQQHFW7RJUDWLI\ PRYHPHQWÀRZVDFURVVDQGEULQJVQHZOLIHLQWRWKHFRXQWU\ LPSULVRQPHQWPXVWQHYHUEHVHSDUDWHGIURPWKH¿JKWDJDLQVW WKHERG\DQGPLQG:KHQDPDQOLYHVLQDZRUOG ³7KH5RRWVRI0DVV,QFDUFHUDWLRQLQWKH86´ZDVHGLWHG FDSLWDOLVP FRORQLDOLVP UDFLVP DQG FODVVLVP >DQG@ JHQGHU ZKHUHFUXHOOHWKDUJLFEHDVWVRIJUHHGRZQDQG E\VFKRODUDFWLYLVW-RKDQQD)HUQDQGH]DQG0XPLD$EX-D- RSSUHVVLRQ´WKH\ZULWH FRQWUROHYHU\WKLQJKRZGRHVDPDQFRQGHPQHG PDOWKHSROLWLFDOSULVRQHUZKRKDVEHHQKHOGLQ3HQQV\OYD- 7KDWXQGHUVWDQGLQJSRLQWVWRWKHQHFHVVLW\RI¿JKWLQJIRU WRLQGH¿QLWHERQGDJHVSHQGKLVOLIH"$PDQZKRLV QLDVLQFH DQGLVDVWHOODUMRXUQDOLVWDQGVXSHUEZULWHU  GHHSHURYHUDOOSROLWLFDOFKDQJH'UDZLQJRQWKHH[SHULHQFH SK\VLFDOO\EXULHGLQFRQFUHWHKDVOLWWOHLIQRZD\ 7KHLULQWURGXFWLRQLVDEULOOLDQWHVVD\5LJKWLQWKH¿UVWSDUD- RI WKH %ODFN 3DQWKHU 3DUW\ DQG LWV SURJUDPV IRU VXUYLYDO WRH[SHULHQFHWRFRQWULEXWHWRFRQQHFWRUJUDWLI\ JUDSKWKH\KLWWKHQDLORQWKHKHDGZULWLQJWKDWLQWKHZDNH SHQGLQJ UHYROXWLRQ 2GLQJD ZDV RQH RI WKH 3DQWKHU  RI WKHERG\7ROLYHKHPXVWVWULYHDQGVXIIHU7KH RIWKHDGYDQFHVRIWKHVWKH86ODXQFKHG³WKHIUHQ]LHG RQHRIWKHPRVWQRWRULRXVIUDPHXSVLQ86KLVWRU\  PDQZKRLVEXULHGLQFRQFUHWHKDVVSHQWKLVOLIHLQ UHDFWLRQWRWKHEODFNIUHHGRPVWUXJJOHWKDWVHWWKHVWDJHIRU WKH\ HPSKDVL]H WKH UROH RI JUDVVURRWV RUJDQL]LQJ EDVHG LQ VWUXJJOHIURPWKHSDLQRIELUWKWRKLVODVWEUHDWK WRGD\¶VK\SHULQFDUFHUDWLRQRISRRUXUEDQEODFNDQGEURZQ DFODVVDQDO\VLVWRPHHWVRFLDOQHHGVDQGPRYHWRZDUGVHOI 7RSXVKIRUZDUGDQGHQGXUHLQWKHIDFHRILQMXVWLFH FRPPXQLWLHV´7KH\JRRQWRHODERUDWHRQDQXPEHURINH\ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DQG HFRQRPLF YLEUDQF\ IRU RSSUHVVHG FRP- DQGRSSUHVVLRQLVWKHYDOXHRIVWUXJJOH,WLVLWVRZQ EXWUDUHO\KLJKOLJKWHGLVVXHVLQFOXGLQJWKHGHOHWHULRXVLP- PXQLWLHV WULXPSK,QDVWDWHRIOLYLQJGHDWKWRUHVLVWLVWROLYH SDFWRQWKHFKLOGUHQDQGFRPPXQLWLHVRIWKRVHULSSHGDZD\WR 7KH VHFRQG RI WKHVH HVVD\V LV ³%ODFN 3RZHU ,QFDUFHUDW- MDLODQGWKHZD\VLQZKLFKWKHV\VWHPGHKXPDQL]HVSHRSOHDW HG3ROLWLFDO3ULVRQHUV*HQRFLGHDQGWKH6WDWH´E\/DXUD KRPHZKLOHVLPLODUO\LQYDGLQJWRUWXULQJDQGNLOOLQJDEURDG :KLWHKRUQ'UDZLQJRQKHURZQ\HDUVDVDSROLWLFDOSULVRQHU )LWWLQJO\WKH¿UVWSLHFHLQWKHLVVXHLVDQLQWHUYLHZZLWK IURPWRVKHSUHVHQWVDSRLJQDQWVQDSVKRWRIWKH FRANKENSTEIN’S $QJHOD < 'DYLV ³'HHSHQLQJ WKH 'HEDWH 2YHU 0DVV ,Q- UHDOLWLHV³XQGHUWKHXQUHOHQWLQJSV\FKRORJLFDODQGSK\VLFDO MONSTER FDUFHUDWLRQ$Q,QWHUYLHZ´ 'DYLVKDVEHHQDQRXWVWDQGLQJ DWWULWLRQWKRVH>SULVRQ@FRQGLWLRQVFDXVH´3RLQWLQJRXWWKDW YRLFHERWKDVDXWKRUDQGDVDFWLYLVWDURXQGERWKPDVVLQ- WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVKROGVSHUFHQWRIWKHZRUOG¶VLQFDUFHUDW- By Mumia Abu-Jamal FDUFHUDWLRQDQGSROLWLFDOSULVRQHUVVLQFHKHURZQWLPHLQMDLO HGZRPHQ:KLWHKRUQUHODWHVWKDWWRWKHKLVWRU\RIJHQRFLGDO YHU\JHQHUDWLRQIRUWKHSDVW\HDUVFDQYLYLGO\SLF- LQ$VDOZD\VVKH¶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±WKHPDNHU±RUWKHPDGH"Ɣ

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NUMBER 45 13 A PEOPLE’S HEARING ON RACISM AND POLICE VIOLENCE Keynote address from Rachel Jackson (New Year’s Movement) [Prefatory remarks (Kim Rohrbach): A People’s Hearing SHRSOHRQWKHERWWRPRQWKHERWWRP LQ(J\SW+HUHWKH23'GLGWKHVDPHWKLQJ²WULHGWRVD\ on Racism and Police Violence took place in Oakland, CA, on $QG,WKLQNLW¶VLPSRUWDQWWKDWZHNHHSLQPLQGWKHUROHRI WKDWLI\RXGLGQ¶WKDYHDQ2DNODQG]LSFRGH\RXGLGQ¶WKDYH February 19–20, 2011. It was the result of a grassroots ini- ODZHQIRUFHPHQW²WKDWLWLVQRWWRSURWHFWDQGVHUYH-XVWOLNH DQ\EXVLQHVVEHLQJLQDSURWHVWZKLFKLVRXWUDJHRXVEHFDXVH tiative and effort that arose within the context of unrelenting WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLVQRWRYHUVHDVWREULQJGHPRFUDF\WKHVH LW¶VQRWMXVWDQ2DNODQGLVVXH,QIDFW2VFDU¶VIURP+D\ZDUG popular resistance in the aftermath of Oscar Grant’s 2009 DJHQFLHVDUHQRWKHUHWRSURWHFWDQGVHUYHXVHLWKHU DQGPRVWLPSRUWDQWO\WKH%D\$UHDVWDQGVWRJHWKHUDQGZH murder. At the hearing, members of the public, activists, or- :KHQZHWDONDERXWSROLFHDEXVHDQGYLROHQFHLWLQFOXGHV NQRZWKHUHDORXWVLGHUVDUHWKHSROLFHZKRDUHSROLFLQJWKHVH JDQL]HUVDQGRWKHUVSXEOLFO\RUSULYDWHO\WHVWL¿HGDERXWWKH PDQ\DJHQFLHV:H¶UHWDONLQJDERXWQRWMXVWWKHpolice po- FRPPXQLWLHVDQGQHYHUFRPHKHUH racism and violence of law enforcement (law enforcement OLFHZH¶UHWDONLQJDERXWWKHVKHULIIV/D0LJUDWKH)%,WKH 6LPLODUO\DVIRUWKHFODLPRISHRSOHXVLQJWKHVHSURWHVWV LQLWVPDQ\LWHUDWLRQV $OPRVWHYHU\ERG\ZKRWHVWL¿HGKDG &,$SULYDWHFRQWUDFWRUVOLNH%ODFNZDWHURU+DOOLEXUWRQDQG DVDQH[FXVHIRUFULPLQDODFWLYLW\ZHFDQORRNDWKRZIHZ lost loved ones due to police killings, had suffered arrest or SRVW+RPHODQG6HFXULW\DQGWKHPDQ\LWHUDWLRQVRIWKDW FKDUJHVZHUHDFWXDOO\¿OHGDJDLQVWSURWHVWHUV:HNQRZWKDW criminalization, or both. In Spring 2011, testimony from the $QGZHNQRZWKDWXOWLPDWHO\WKHSROLFH¶VMRELVWRSURWHFW WKHPDMRULW\RIWKHVHDUUHVWVKDYHEHHQERJXVDUUHVWVMXVWWR hearing was submitted to the UN’s Committee on the Elimi- SULYDWHSURSHUW\DQGWRSURWHFWWKHOLYHVRIWKHSHRSOHZKR VWRSSHRSOHIURPSURWHVWLQJDQGWRLQWLPLGDWHSHRSOH6DGO\ nation of Racial Discrimination. DUH FRQVLGHUHG YDOXDEOH LQ VRFLHW\ (YHU\RQH HOVH²HVSH- LQ WKH IHZ FDVHV ZKHUH SHRSOH KDYH JRQH WKURXJK WULDO RU In view of the national conversation that’s taken place fol- FLDOO\SHRSOHRIFRORUSRRUSHRSOHDQGRSSUHVVHGSHRSOH²LV WKURXJKGLVSRVLWLRQRIWKHLUFDVHVSHRSOHZKRDUHGRLQJWLPH lowing Ferguson and Eric Garner, and in view of the rise of GHKXPDQL]HGVRWKDWDOONLQGVRIEUXWDOLW\DQGDEXVHVFDQEH IRUEHLQJDUUHVWHGDWDSURWHVWDUHGRLQJDOPRVWDVPXFKWLPH the Black Lives Matter movement and other local or national HDVLO\MXVWL¿HGDQGH[FXVHG DV0HKVHUOHLVGRLQJIRUNLOOLQJ2VFDU6RZHKDYHWRDVN resistance efforts, we’ve decided to publish below in excerpt 7KHUHDUHDORWRIWKLQJVWKDWZHZDQWWRUHPHPEHU2QH RXUVHOYHVZKR¶VFDOOLQJ whoFULPLQDOVKHUH" Rachel Jackson’s keynote address made prior to the begin- LVWKDWLQDGGLWLRQWR2VFDU¶VPXUGHUKLVIULHQGVZHUHDOVR $ERXW YLROHQFH²VRPHWKLQJ WKDW KDV FRQVWDQWO\ EHHQ ning of testimony on February 19, 2011. (Edits have been for DVVDXOWHG DQG WUDXPDWL]HG DQG VR ZHUH WKHLU IDPLOLHV DQG WKURZQLQRXUIDFHV:KHQ\RXKDYHVRPHERG\ZLWKDQDUP WKHVDNHRIÀRZDQGEHFDXVHRIOLPLWHGVSDFHLQWKLVHGLWLRQ  IULHQGVDQGZKROHFRPPXQLWLHV EDQGLQIURQWRI\RXZKRZDQWVWREHDW\RXUDVVIRUVSUD\ Whether we are struggling for justice from behind bars or :HDOVRZDQWWRWKLQNDERXWDQGUHPHPEHUWKHGLYHUVLW\ SDLQWLQJRQDJDUEDJHFDQWKHUH¶VWKLVFUD]\PLVFDOFXODWLRQ out on the streets, Ms. Jackson’s remarks remain as relevant RIWKH\RXQJSHRSOHZKRZHUHWKHUH>RQWKH%$57SODWIRUP@ DERXWZKDW¶VYLROHQFH%XWWKHERWWRPOLQHLVWKHUH¶VQRZD\ today for many of us as they were a few short years ago. 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