A NEW SPECIES OF PRISTIPOMOIDES (PISCES: LUTJANIDAE) FROM THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC1

WILLIAM D. ANDERSON, JR.::! U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Brunswick, Georgia

ABSTRACT A new species of lutjanid fish of the genus Pristipomoides is described from 28 specimens collected off Panama, Colombia, and Surinam in 137 to 183 m and one from the fish market at Bridgetown, Barbados. Brief descriptions, and discussions of synonymies and distributions of the other two western Atlantic species of the genus (Pristipomoides aquilonaris and P. macrophthalmus) are given; a key to the three species is presented.

INTRODUCTION Twenty-eight specimens of a new species of Pristipomoides were collected in the western Atlantic off Panama, Colombia, and Surinam during cruises of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel OREGON.An additional specimen was obtained from the fish market at Bridgetown, Barbados. Many specimens of the other two western Atlantic species of Pristipomoides, P. aquilonaris (Goode & Bean, 1896), and P. macroph- thalmus (MUller & Troschel, 1848), have been collected aboard the R/V SILVERBAY (formerly chartered by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries) and the R/V OREGON.From this material we can derive new concepts of the biology and zoogeography of these two species. Other species of Pristipomoides have been recorded from the central Pacific to the Indian Ocean. Altogether there are approximately 10 nominal species of Pristipomoides. The following abbreviations are used in this paper: ANSP (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), BLBG (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Brunswick, Georgia), CNHM (Chicago Natural History Museum), FSBC (Florida State Board of Conservation, St. Petersburg), LACM (Los Angeles County Museum), MCZ (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), SU (Stanford University), TABL (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory, Miami, Florida), UF (Florida State Museum, University of Florida), UMML (University of Miami Marine Laboratory), UPR (Institute of Marine Biology, University of

'Contribution No. 83 from U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Brunswick, Georgia. 'Present address: Department of Biology, University of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403. 1966] Anderson: New Species of Pristipomoides 815

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Puerto Rico), and USNM (U. S. National Museum). SL designates standard length. I am grateful to James E. Bohlke (ANSP), David K. Caldwell (LACM), Carter R. Gilbert (UF), Giles W. Mead (MCZ), Martin A. Moe, Jr. (FSBC), John E. Randall (UPR), and Leonard P. Schultz (USNM) for allowing me to examine specimens in their care; to Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Pascagoula, Mississippi) for his assiduous efforts in making material available to me; to Elmer J. Gutherz (BLBG) for obtaining the specimen from Barbados; and to Grady W. Reinert (TABL) for preparing the illustration of the new species. William W. Anderson (BLBG), Frederick H. Berry (TABL), Jack W. Gehringer (BLBG), Carter R. Gilbert (UF), John E. Randall (UPR), and Loren P. Woods (CNHM) read the manuscript and made valuable comments.

METHODS Counts and measurements were made according to the methods outlined by Hubbs & Lagler (1958), except body depth was measured from the origin of the first dorsal spine vertically to the ventral surface of the body. 816 Bulletin of Marine Science [16 (4) On specimens in which the two pectoral fins and two pelvic fins were of unequal length, the longer fin was measured. Pectoral-fin rays and lateral-line scales were counted on the left side of specimens, where possible. All gillraker counts were made from the right side of the new species and in P. macrophthalmus, and from the right side, where possible, in P. aquilonaris. Both well-developed rakers and rudiments on the antero- lateral surface of the anterior gill arch were included in the gillraker counts. In some specimens of Pristipomoides aquilonaris and P. macroph- thalmus, "intercalated" gillrakers and rudiments may be present between, lateral to, or medial to those in the anterolateral series. These "inter- calated" elements were not counted. Counts shown in parentheses were encountered infrequently. KEY TO WESTERNATLANTICSPECIESOF Pristipomoides A Depth of body 3.5-4.2 times in SL (23.9-28.2 per cent SL, Fig. 1). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 28-30(31) [(8)9(10) + (19)20-21 (22)]. Lateral- line scales 50-51 .Slender wenchman. Pristipomoides freemani. AA Depth of body 2.5-3.2 times in SL (31.1-40.5 per cent SL, Fig. 1). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 19-28 ...... __ B B Lateral-line scales (48) 49-51 (52). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch (24) 25-27 (28) [7-9 + ( 16) 17-19 (20)] _.. . Wenchman. Pristipomoides aquilonaris. BB Lateral-line scales 54-56(57). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch (19)20-23(24-25) [6-7(8) + (13) 14-16( 17) l Voraz. Pristipomoides macrophthalmus. Pristipomoides freemani, new species Fig. 2 Material Examined.-HoLOTYPE: USNM 199391 (157 mm SL), from off Colombia, Lat. 12°09'N, Long. 72°47'W, 183 m, OREGONstation 4913, 1 June 1964. PARATYPES:19 specimens, 87-154 mm SL, from same station as holo- type; USNM 199387 (7,87-154 mm SL), TABL uncatalogued (6,90-148 mm SL), ANSP 103283 (1, 131 mm SL), CNHM 66787 (1, 136 mm SL), MCZ 44233 (1, 130 mm SL), SU 63300 (1, 134 mm SL), UF 12525 (1, 98 mm SL), and UMML 17816 (1, 97 mm SL).-Six specimens, 59-78 mm SL, off Colombia, Lat. 12°08'N, Long. 72°41W, 137 m, OREGONstation 4914, 1 June 1964; USNM 199390 (4, 59-78 mm SL) and TABL uncatalogued (2, 61-69 mm SL).-USNM 199388 (1 specimen, 116 mm SL), off Panama, Lat. 09°18'N, Long. 80027'W, 1966] Anderson: New Species of Pristipomoides 817

FIGURE 2. Ho)otype of Pristipomoides freemani (USNM 199391), 157 mm SL. Drawn by Grady W. Reinert.

183 m, OREGON station 3588, 29 May 1962.-USNM 199389 (1 specimen, 132 mm SL), off Surinam, Lat. Or25'N, Long. 54°35'W, 137-146 m, OREGONstation 2289, 8 September 1958. A total of 27 paratypes, 59-154 mm SL, from the western Atlantic off Panama, Colombia, and Surinam. OTHER MATERIAL: BLBG uncatalogued (1 specimen, 175 mm SL), Barbados: Bridgetown Fish Market. Diagnosis.-A slender species of Pristipomoides; depth of body 23.9-28.2 per cent SL; pectoral fin short, 21.1-27.9 per cent SL; pelvic fin short, 18.3-20.7 per cent SL; last dorsal softray short, 8.1-11.6 per cent SL; last anal softray short, 6.9-10.2 per cent SL. Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 28-31, usually 29-30, [(8)9(10) + (19)20-21(22)]. Pored lateral-line scales 50-51. Description.-On 29 specimens (the count for holotype is followed by an asterisk): dorsal-fin rays X, 11*; anal-fin rays III, 8*; pectoral-fin rays 15-17 (15 in 2,16* in 26, and 17 in 1); pelvic-fin rays 1,5*; principal caudal-fin rays 17(9 + 8) *; pored lateral-line scales 50-51 (50* in 25, and 51 in 4); total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 28-31, usually 29*-30, [(8)9(10) + (19)20-21(22)-upper limb 8 in 2,9* in 24, and 10 in 3; lower limb 19 in 2,20* in 17, 21 in 9, and 22 in 1]. In 13 specimens: vertebrae 24 (10 precauda1 + 14 caudal) *. Ranges of selected morphometric data are presented in percentage of standard length followed by the value for the holotype in parentheses. In 29 specimens (59-175 mm SL): depth of body 23.9-28.2(28.0) (Fig. 1); pectoral-fin length 21.1-27.9(27.5); pelvic-fin length 18.3- 818 Bulletin of Marine Science [16 (4) 20.7(20.1); length of last dorsal softray 8.1-11.6(ca. 10.6); length of last anal softray 6.9-1O.2(ca. 10.0). In 10 specimens (59-175 mm SL): length of first dorsal spine 3.9-4.7 (broken); length of second dorsal spine 9.2-10.1(9.2); length of third dorsal spine 10.4-12.1(12.0); length of tenth dorsal spine 8.3-10.0 (broken); length of longest dorsal spine 11.3-12.7 (12.0); longest dorsal spine the fourth in six specimens, the third in two, the fifth in one, the third and fourth about equally long in one; length of first dorsal softray 10.6-11.8 (broken); length of first anal spine 3.6-4.4(4.0); length of second anal spine 7.5-9.7(7.5); length of third anal spine 8.4-10.5 (8.4); second anal spine shorter than third except in largest specimen, in which they are equal. Snout usually a little shorter than horizontal diameter of fleshy orbit; interorbital flattened, least width of fleshy interorbital usually slightly less than horizontal diameter of fleshy orbit; mouth terminal, lower jaw inclined dorsally and projecting slightly beyond upper jaw when mouth is closed; maxillary ending under anterior part of eye, dorsal border of maxillary covered by a narrow suborbital bone when mouth is closed. Upper jaw with an inner band of small, almost villiform teeth (teeth in this series are larger near anterior end of jaw), and an outer row of larger teeth with two to six (usually four) enlarged canine-like teeth near premaxillary symphysis (one to three, usually two, on either side of symphysis); no teeth at symphysis. Lower jaw with a row of canine-like teeth; at anterior end of jaw numerous smaller teeth inside the row of more widely spaced, larger canine-like teeth; no teeth at symphysis. Palatine and vomerine teeth almost villiform, except enlarged and canine-like on inner edge of vomerine patch (and on medial sides of palatine patches in some specimens); vomerine tooth patch arch-like with a blunt or rounded vertex, no backward prolongation of vomerine tooth patch on median line. Tongue without teeth. Opercle with a prominent flat spine not extending to posterior margin of fleshy opercle; a rounded spinous projection reaching approximately to posterior edge of fleshy opercle, dorsal to opercular spine. Preopercle without a distinct notch on vertical limb near angle; serrae on both limbs of preopercle, strongest at angle. Snout, interorbital, preorbital, suborbital, maxillary, mandible, gular region, and branehiostegal membranes scaleless. Preopercle, interoperc1e, opercle, and subopercle scaled. Mid-dorsal boundary of scalation near posterior margin of orbit. An oblique band of scales on nape separated from dorsal body scales by a narrow naked area. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Last softray of dorsal and anal fins produced, longer than penultimate ray. Pectoral fin usually reaches a vertical line through base of ninth or tenth dorsal spine (most often not reaching vent); pelvic fin usually 1966] Anderson: New Species of Pristipomoides 819 reaching a vertical through base of eighth or ninth dorsal spine (short of vent). Caudal fin lunate. Specimens in isopropanol generally straw-colored; caudal mostly straw-colored with a pale distal margin, other fins pale. Live coloration is unknown, but a color photograph (Kodachrome) taken shortly after capture of one specimen from OREGONstation 4913 showed the dorsal part of head and body to be mostly orange. Ventro- lateral surfaces of head and body generally silvery. Iris pale yellow. Membrane of dorsal fin yellow distally. Pectoral-tin base pink. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins pale. Proximal part of caudal fin orange; most of dorsal-fin lobe yellow; most of outer part of ventral-fin lobe light pink for most of its length; pale distally; middle part of caudal fin pale. This specimen was preserved in formalin with IONOL CP-40 (40 per cent emulsifiable concentrate of butylated hydroxy toluene; see Waller & Esch- meyer, 1965: 361) and later transferred to isopropanol with IONOL CP-40. About 1 year after preservation the body of this specimen was generally orange dorsally and yellowish ventralIy, except for silvery ventrolateral body surface; head mainly orange dorsally, paling to light orange or yellow laterally; iris faded; proximal part of caudal fin orange to yellowish, distal part of caudal and other fins pale. Relationships.-Pristipomoides freemani may be more closely related to P. aquilonaris than to P. macrophthalmus. The ranges of lateral-line scales of P. freemani and P. aquilonaris overlap and the ranges of total gillraker counts overlap slightly. P. freemani can readily be distinguished from both P. aquilonaris and P. macrophthalmus by its more slender body. Distribution.-P. freemani has been collected off Panama, Colombia, and Surinam in 137 to 183 m. The specimen from the fish market at Bridge- town, Barbados, was presumably caught near Barbados. Pristipomoides freemani and P. aquilonaris occur sympatricalIy in at least portions of their ranges. In addition to the specimens of P. freemani obtained at OREGONstations 4913 and 4914, four specimens (35-175 mm SL) of P. aquilonaris were collected at 4913 and five specimens (54-168 mm SL) at 4914. Twenty-two specimens (80-165 mm SL) of the related species Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) were also collected at OREGONstation 4913. Etymology.-This species is named for Harry W. Freeman, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, who first introduced me to the study of fishes. Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Goode & Bean) Anthias aquilonaris Goode & Bean, 1896: 238 (Gulf of Mexico). [?] Etelides aquilionaris, Jordan & Thompson, 1905: 241 (Gulf Stream, toward the Carolina coast). 820 Bulletin of Marine Science [16(4)

[?] Pristipomoides macrophthalmus (non MUlIer & Troschel), Hildebrand, in Longley & Hildebrand, 1941: 122 (Tortugas). Pristipomoides andersoni Ginsburg, 1952: 91 (several Gulf of Mexico localities) . Material Examined.-156 specimens (25-195 mm SL), including the holotypes of Anthias aquilonaris (USNM 37346) and Pristipomoides anderson; (USNM 151882), and 18 paratypes of P. anderson; (USNM); specimens from Puerto Rico: off Afiasco (UPR 2358) and C6rcega (UPR 293); off Louisiana (Lat. 29°09.8'N, Long. 88°36'W; FSBC 1609); from SILVERBAY stations 301, 327, 1268, 1359, 2354, 2398, 2411,2930,3957,5161,5389,5390,5491,5493 (BLBG in part), 5717, and 5742; and from OREGONstations 944 (UF 3641), ]060 (UF 12315), 1356 (BLBG in part), 1590 (UF 731),1995,2203,2274,3548,3587, 3590, 3595, 3623, 3931, 4083, 4151, 4165, 4184, 419], 4192, 4] 98, 4200, 4391, 4393, 4394, 4465, 4471, 4575, 4628, 4696, 4846, 4913, 4914, and 5032. (Where no collection is given for a station number, specimens are deposited at TABL.) Description.-Dorsal-fin rays X,(10) 11 (10 softrays in one specimen, 11 in 52, and 8 in one with a damaged fin). Anal fin rays III, 8 (8 softrays in 52 specimens; 7 in two specimens in which radiographs show the usual number of pterygiophores, but with one ray undeveloped). Pectoral-fin rays 15-17, 14 on the right side of the holotype of P. aquilonaris (54 specimens; 15 in 26, 16 in 27, and 17 in 1). Pelvic-fin rays 1,5 (46 specimens). Principal caudal-fin rays 17 (9+8; 50 specimens). Vertebrae 24 (10 precaudal + 14 caudal; 20 specimens). Pored lateral-line scales 48-52 (128 specimens; 48 in ], 49 in 10, 50 in 102, 51 in 13, and 52 in 2). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 24-28, usually 25-27, [7-9 + (16) 17-19(20)-124 specimens: upper limb 7 in 13, 8 in 81, and 9 in 30; lower limb 16 in 1, 17 in 37, 18 in 68, 19 in 15, and 20 in 3]. Selected morphometric data are presented. Variation with size is indicated in parentheses. The body is deeper than that of P. freemani (see Fig. 1), 31.1-40.5 per cent SL in 156 specimens of 25-195 mm SL (31.1-34.7 per cent SL in 42 specimens of 25-53 mm SL, 33.0-40.5 per cent SL in 114 specimens of 61-195 mm SL). Pectoral fin 20.2-34.5 per cent SL in 45 specimens of 34-195 mm SL (20.2-26.0 per cent SL in four specimens of 34-53 mm SL, 29.3-34.5 per cent SL in 41 specimens of 63-195 mm SL). Pelvic fin 19.4-27.2 per cent SL in 46 specimens of 34-195 mm SL (19.4-21.7 per cent SL in four specimens of 34-53 mm SL, 22.1-27.2 per cent SL in 42 specimens of 61-195 mm SL). Length of last dorsal softray 10.1-16.0 in 34 specimens of 34-195 mm SL (10.1-12.7 per cent SL in seven specimens of 34-80 mm SL, 12.5-16.0 per cent SL in 27 specimens of 83-195 mm SL). Length of last anal 1966] Anderson: New Species of Pristipomoides 821 softray 9.2-16.0 per cent SL in 39 specimens of 34-195 mm SL (9.2-11.0 per cent SL in four specimens of 34-53 mm SL, 11.0-16.0 per cent SL in 35 specimens of 61-195 mm SL). Synonymy.-Pristipomoides aquilonaris was originally described by Goode & Bean (1896:238). They stated that, "A specimen (Cat. No. 37346, U.S.N.M.) obtained by the FISH HAWK,has been misplaced, and cannot now be fully described. The name Anthias aquilonaris has been proposed by us for it. It is allied to Anthias oculatus, C & V." At the U. S. National Museum I found a specimen with the catalogue number (37346) mentioned by Goode & Bean, but the data with the specimen had an ALBATROSSstation number (2402). Jordan and Evermann (1898:1283) gave the collection data as: "Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 28°36'N. Long. 85°33'30"W." This is the position of ALBATROSS station 2402 (additional pertinent data for this station are 111 fathoms and 14 March 1885). Goode & Bean apparently erroneously recorded an ALBATROSSspecimen as being collected by the FISH HAWK. Although Goode & Bean (1896:238) stated that their specimen of Anthias aquilonaris could not "now be fully described," they did give the following data: "A note [by whom?] indicates that the length of its head was equal to the height of its body, which is contained 2% times in the total length (without caudal). The diameter of the orbit is contained 3~{1times in the head. The maxillary bone was naked, rather than scaled as in A. oculatus; and the scales number 53 in the lateral line, 7 above and 14 below. The radial formula was D.x,1l;A.III,8." Pro- portions of body parts calculated from my measurements agree closely with those of Goode & Bean, and my counts of dorsal- and anal-fin rays are identical with theirs. My count of lateral-line scales (50 on each side) and number of scales above (ca. 8) and below (ca. 15) the lateral line differ from theirs. These differences can be attributed to differences in methods of counting. Goode & Bean's specimen was 9 inches (229 mm). The total length of the specimen (USNM 37346) is about 230 mm or approximately 9 inches. Goode & Bean (1896:238) mentioned a small specimen (less than 2 inches [51 mm]) collected by the BLAKEoff Dominica in 524 fathoms (958 m) which they suggested might possibly belong to aquilonaris. I examined a specimen (MCZ 27948), 47 mm SL, labeled as Anthias aquilonaris, which was collected by the BLAKEoff Dominica. Both the MCZ catalogue and the data with the specimen give the depth as 524 fathoms, but this seems much too deep for a lutjanid. Although the specimen is in only fair condition, it is easily determined that it is not a Pristipornoides; the maxillary has scales, whereas Pristipornoides lacks such scales. Jordan & Thompson (1905:241-242) described and figured a specimen 822 Bulletin of Marine Science [16(4) (length 1.87 inches [47 rom]) obtained "in the Gulf Stream toward the Carolina coast" and ascribed it to Anthias aquilonaris for which they erected the genus Etelides. Their description and figure resemble P. aquilonaris, but the description differs from P. aquilonaris in that the "preopercle [has] both limbs entire" and "dorsal [is] deeply notched." Jordan & Thompson's Etelides aquilionaris may be conspecific with P. aquilonaris, but this cannot be ascertained until their specimen is located. Ginsburg (1952: 91) placed the reference to P. macrophthalmus by Hildebrand (in Longley & Hildebrand, 1941:122) in synonymy of his new species, P. andersoni. I have examined seven paratypes of P. andersoni from Tortugas, one of which has a Carnegie Institution of Washington accession number, suggesting that at least one and possibly all 33 specimens mentioned by Hildebrand were P. aquilonaris. Ginsburg (1952:91-93) probably did not refer to the holotype of P. aquilonaris when he described P. andersoni. I have very carefully compared the holotypes of P. aquilonaris (USNM 37346) and P. andersoni (USNM 151882), and found that they are conspecific. Distribution.-P. aquilonaris is a wide-ranging species, but has previously been reported only from the Gulf of Mexico (Ginsburg, 1952:92; Briggs, 1958:279). I examined specimens from the western Atlantic, the Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea (i.e., off North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, the Atlantic coast of Florida, Tortugas, the Gulf coast of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Mexico [Tamauli- pas, Tabasco, and Yucatan], Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Tobago, British Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana). The species probably occurs off many of the other islands of the Antilles, all Mexican states bordering the Gulf of Campeche, and most of the Caribbean coast of Mexico and Central America. Ginsburg (1952:92) gave the depth range for this species as 13 to 95 fathoms (24-174 m). I examined specimens from 22 to 200 fathoms (40-366 m). At a longline station (OREGON1590) over a depth of 900 fathoms (1646 m), 13 specimens (25-34 mm SL) of P. aquilonaris were regurgitated by a "dolphin" (Coryphaena?). Twenty-four other specimens (28-39 mm SL) of P. aquilonaris, labeled as being from OREGONstation 1356, a longline station over 950 fathoms, may have been inadvertently mislabeled or may have been regurgitated by some larger fish caught at that station. Two specimens (171-186 mm SL) of P. aquilonaris were caught with two (112-115 mm SL) specimens of P. macrophthalmus at SiLVERBAY station 5161 (Lat. 19°57.5'N, Long. 71°05'W, 150-190 fathoms [274-347 m]; 14 October 1963) off Hispaniola. 1966] Anderson: New Species ot Pristipomoides 823 Pristipomoides macrophthalmus (MUlier & Troschel) Centropristes macrophthalmus MUlier & Troschel, in Schomburgk, 1848: 666 (Barbados). Anthias macrophthalmus, GUnther, 1859: 91 (Caribbean Sea). Mesoprion vorax Poey, 1860: 151 (Cuba).-Poey, 1861: 365 (reference). Platyinius vorax, Gill, 1862: 236 (new genus).-Poey, 1868: 292 (ref- erence).-Poey, 1875: 31 (reference). Jordan, Evermann, & Tanaka, 1927: 667 (vorax = macrophthalmus). [?] Elastoma macrophthalmum, Cope, 1871: 468 (St. Kitts). Aprion macrophthalmus, Jordan & Swain, 1884: 467 (description). Jordan & Fesler, 1893: 456 (description). Jordan & Evermann, 1898: 1280 (description) . Prisfipomoides macrophthalmus, Jordan & Thompson, 1911: 459 (Platyin- ius Gill = Pristipomoides Bleeker; vorax = macrophthalmus). Jordan & Jordan, 1922: 48 (reference). Jordan, Evermann, & Clark, 1930: 328 (compiled) . Material Examined.-68 specimens (49-322 mm SL), including the holotype of M esoprion vorax (MCZ 26479); specimens from Jamaica: near Port Antonio (LACM 6133); Puerto Rico: 5-6 miles south of La Parguera (TABL; UPR 2516); from SILVER BAY stations 2417, 2464, 2467 (BLBG in part), 2470, 2471, 2472, 2477, 2479, 3498, 3499 (BLBG in part), 3512 (ANSP 101996), 5161, 5167, and 5193; and from OREGON stations 3549 (LACM 6263), 3567, and 3585. (Where no collection is given for a station number, specimens are deposited at TABL.) Description.-Dorsal-fin rays X,ll (11 softrays on 38 specimens, 7 in one with damaged fin). Anal-fin rays Ifl,8 (39 specimens). Pectoral-fin rays 15-16 (39 specimens; 15 in two and 16 in 37). Pelvic-tin rays 1,5 (34 specimens; 4 softrays on the right side of one specimen). Principal caudal-fin rays 17 (9+8; 38 specimens). Vertebrae 24 (10 precaudal + 14 caudal; 13 specimens). Pored lateral-line scales 54-57 (67 specimens; 54 in 8, 55 in 46, 56 in 12, and 57 in 1). Total number of gillrakers and rudiments on anterior gill arch 19-25, usually 20-23 [6-7(8) + (13)14-16(17)-68 specimens: upper limb 6 in 8, 7 in 56, and 8 in 4; lower limb 13 in 3, 14 in 27, 15 in 24, 16 in 13, and 17 in 1]. Selected morphometric data are presented below. Variation with size is indicated for some characters in parentheses. The body is deeper than that of P. freemani (about as deep as that of P. aquilonaris; see Fig. 1) 32.3-38.8 per cent SL in 67 specimens of 49-322 mm SL. Pectoral fin 29.1-35.1 per cent SL in 32 specimens of 50-322 mm SL. Pelvic fin 18.7-24.4 per cent SL in 30 specimens of 50-322 mm SL (18.7-20.5 per cent SL in seven specimens of 50-84 mm SL, 20.9-24.4 per cent SL in 23 specimens of 90-322 mm SL). Length of last dorsa1 softray 9.3-16.3 per cent SL in 20 specimens of 57-322 mm SL (9.3-11.9 per cent SL in 3 specimens of 57-73 mm SL, 12.6-16.3 per cent SL in 17 specimens of 824 Bulletin of Marine Science [16(4 ) 84-322 mm SL). Length of last anal softray 10.4-15.3 per cent SL in 18 specimens of 57-322 mm SL (10.4-12.8 per cent SL in 6 specimens of 57-92 mm SL, 12.0-15.3 per cent SL in 12 specimens of 112-322 mm SL). Synonymy.-Mi.iller & Troschel described Pristipomoides macrophthalmus from a I-inch specimen. Their description omits clearly diagnostic characters, but it could conceivably represent a Pristipomoides. My examination of the holotype of Mesoprion vorax (MCZ 26479), generally considered to be a junior synonym of P. macrophthalmus, indicates that it has the characters (low gillraker count and high lateral-line scale count) used by Ginsberg to discriminate macrophthalmus from andersoni (=aquilonaris) and which can be used to separate macrophthalmus from aquilonaris and freemani. The status of Milller & Troschel's species cannot definitely be established until the holotype, if extant, is examined. Considering the meager data now available and in the interests of nomen- clatural stability, I regard MUller & Troschel's description as representing the species herein designated as macrophthalmus. Distribution.-P. macrophthalmus has a much more restricted range than P. aquilonaris. Jordan, Evermann, & Clark (1930:328) reported it from "West Indies, Habana," and Cervig6n (1963:123) reported it off Venezuela as far south as Boca Grande del Orinoco. I examined specimens from the Straits of Florida, and off the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, and Panama from depths of about 60 to 300 fathoms (110-549 m). Cervig6n (1963: 123) gave a depth range of 25 to 70 fathoms (46-128 m) for this species. The specimens collected at OREGONstations off Nicaragua (station 3567) and Panama (station 3585) appear to be the first reported off the mainland of Central America. P. macrophthlamus very likely occurs off most of the islands in the West Indies, and possibly off much of the Caribbean coast of Central America. As mentioned under the discussion of distribution of P. aquilonaris, P. macrophthalmus was caught with P. aquilonaris at one station (SILVER BAY 5161, off Hispaniola). Since there is considerable geographic and bathymetric overlap in the ranges of these two species, they likely occur together at other places; indeed they may even be syntopic (see Rivas, 1964:42-43). All three western Atlantic species of Pristipomoides may occur together in the Lesser Antilles. SUMARTO UNA NUEVAESPECIEDE Pristipomoides (PISCES: LUTJANIDAE) DELATLANTICOOCCIDENTALTROPICAL Se describe una nueva especie, Pristipomoides freemani, basandose en 28 ejemplares cogidos frente a Panama, Colombia y Surinam, en unas 75 a 100 brazas (137 a 183 m) de profundidad y uno del mercado de peces en Bridgetown, Barbados. Se dan breves descripciones y discusiones 1966] Anderson: New Species of Pristipomoides 825 de la sinonimia y distribuci6n de las otras dos especies del Athlntico Occidental de Pristimoides (P. aquilonaris y P. macrophthalmus). Se presenta una clave para las tres especies del Atlantico Occidental.

LITERATURE CITED BRIGGS, JOHN C. 1958. A list of Florida fishes and their distribution. Bull. Fla. State Mus., 2 (8): 223-318, figs. 1-3. CERVIG6N, FERNANDO 1963. Nuevas especies de peces para Venezuela con observaciones sistem:iticas, habitat, extension del rango y abundancia. Mem. Soc. Cien. nat. La Salle, 23 (65): 113-131. COPE, EDWARD D. 1871. Contribution to the ichthyology of the Lesser Antilles. Trans. Amer. philos. Soc., 14: 445-483. GILL, THEODORE 1862. Remarks on the relations of the genera and other groups of Cuban fishes. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 14 (5): 235-242. GINSBURG, ISAAC 1952. Eight new fishes from the Gulf coast of the United States, with two new genera and notes on geographic distribution. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 42 (3): 84-101. GOODE, GEORGE BROWN AND TARLETON H. BEAN 1896. Oceanic Ichthyology, ... Spec. Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., text: i-xxxv + 1-553. GUNTHER, ALBERT 1859. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, 1: i-xxxi + 1-524. HUBBS, CARL L. AND KARL F. LAGLER 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 26 (revised ed.): 1-213,251 figs., 44 pis. JORDAN, DAVID STARR AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47, part 2: 1241-2183. JORDAN, DAVID STARR, BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, AND HOWARD WALTON CLARK 1930. Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), Appendix 10: 1-670. JORDAN, DAVID STARR, BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, AND SHIGEHO TANAKA 1927. Notes on new or rare fishes from Hawaii. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th series, 16 (20): 649-680, pIs. 22-24. JORDAN, DAVID STARR AND BERT FESLER 1893. A review of the sparoid fishes of America and Europe. Rep. Comm. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fish., part 17, (1889 to 1891): 421-544, pis. 28-62. JORDAN, DAVID STARR AND ERIC KNIGHT JORDAN 1922. A list of the fishes of Hawaii, with notes and descriptions of new species. Mem. Carnegie Mus., Pittsburgh, Pa., 10 (1): 1-92, pis. I-IV, 7 text figs. 826 Bulletin ot Marine Science [16(4 )

JORDAN, DAVID S. AND JOSEPH SWAIN 1884. A review of the species of Lutjaninae and Hoplopagrinae found in American waters. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 7 (449): 427-474. JORDAN, DAVID STARR AND JOSEPH C. THOMPSON 1905. The fish fauna of the Tortugas Archipelago. Bull. Bur. Fish., 24 (1904): 229-256, 6 figs. JOROAN, DAVID STARR AND WILLIAM FRANCIS THOMPSON 1911. A review of the fishes of the families Lobotidae and Lutianidae, found in the waters of Japan. Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 39 (1792): 435-471, 8 figs. LONGLEY, WILLIAM H. AND SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND 1941. Systematic catalogue of the fishes of Tortugas, Florida, with observations on color, habits, and local distribution. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub1., Pap. Tortugas Lab., 34: i-xiii + 1-331, 34 pis. MULLER, JOHANNES AND FRANZ H. TROSCHEL 1848. In Schomburgk, Robert H., The History of Barbados ... Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, i-xx + 1-722, 7 pis. POEY, FELIPE 1860. Poissons de Cuba. Mem. sobre la Hist. nat. de la Isla de Cuba, 2: 97-336, pis. 10-12, 14. 1861. Conspectus piscium Cubensium. Ibid., 337-442, pIs. 13, 15-19. 1868. Synopsis piscium Cubensium. Repertorio Fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba, 2: 279-484. 1875. Enumeratio piscium Cubensium. An. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 4: 75-161 (1-87), pIs. 5-8. RIVAS, LUIS RENE 1964. A reinterpretation of the concepts "sympatric" and "allopatric" with proposal of the additional terms "syntopic" and "allotopic." Syst. Zoo1., 13 (1): 42-43. WALLER, RICHARD A. AND WILLIAM N. ESCHMEYER 1965. A method for preserving color in biological specimens. BioScience, 15 (5): 361.

NOTE ADDED IN PROOF Since the manuscript was submitted, I have received on loan two speci- mens of Pristipomoides from Fernando Cervig6n (Estacion de Investiga- ciones Marinas de Margarita, Punta de Piedras, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela). One of these is a specimen (159 mm SL) of P. treemani (Museo de Historia Natural La Salle [MHNLS] cat. no. 1926) collected off Higuerote (Estado Miranda), Venezuela, in less than 70 fathoms (128 m) by Agustin Fernandez Yepes in September 1965. This is the first record of P. treemani from off Venezuela. The other is a specimen (ca. 233 mm SL) of P. aquilonaris (MHNLS cat. no. 802) collected east of Los Hermanos, Venezuela, in 60 to 120 fathoms (110-219 m) by Fernando Cervig6n on 5 October 1965. This is the largest specimen of P. aquilonaris that I have seen.