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Diversity and Distribution of Lichen-Associated Fungi in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) As Revealed by 454 Pyrosequencing
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diversity and distribution of lichen- associated fungi in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) as Received: 31 March 2015 Accepted: 20 August 2015 revealed by 454 pyrosequencing Published: 14 October 2015 Tao Zhang1, Xin-Li Wei2, Yu-Qin Zhang1, Hong-Yu Liu1 & Li-Yan Yu1 This study assessed the diversity and distribution of fungal communities associated with seven lichen species in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) using Roche 454 pyrosequencing with fungal-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal rRNA gene. Lichen-associated fungal communities showed high diversity, with a total of 42,259 reads belonging to 370 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being found. Of these OTUs, 294 belonged to Ascomycota, 54 to Basidiomycota, 2 to Zygomycota, and 20 to unknown fungi. Leotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were the major classes, whereas the dominant orders were Helotiales, Capnodiales, and Chaetothyriales. Interestingly, most fungal OTUs were closely related to fungi from various habitats (e.g., soil, rock, plant tissues) in the Arctic, Antarctic and alpine regions, which suggests that living in association with lichen thalli may be a transient stage of life cycle for these fungi and that long-distance dispersal may be important to the fungi in the Arctic. In addition, host-related factors shaped the lichen-associated fungal communities in this region. Taken together, these results suggest that lichens thalli act as reservoirs of diverse fungi from various niches, which may improve our understanding of fungal evolution and ecology in the Arctic. The Arctic is one of the most pristine regions of the planet, and its environment exhibits extreme condi- tions (e.g., low temperature, strong winds, permafrost, and long periods of darkness and light) and offers unique opportunities to explore extremophiles. -
1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska A, , Frank Kauff B,1, Filip Högnabba C, Jeffrey C
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10, Soili Stenroos c,10 a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA b FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany c Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland d Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA e Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria f Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdan´sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdan´sk, Poland g Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. -
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Tel: 1-312-665-7881 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Evolution and Systematics of Fungi Biogeography and Diversification Rates of Fungi Species delimitation Diversity of lichen-forming fungi Professional Experience Since 2017 Vice President, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago. USA 2014-2017 Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2014 Curator, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2013-2014 Associate Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2009-2013 Chair, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2011 MacArthur Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2006-2014 Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2005-2009 Head of Cryptogams, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2004 Member, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago. Courses: BIOS 430 Evolution (UIC), BIOS 23410 Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters (U of C) Reading group: Phylogenetic methods. 2003-2006 Assistant Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 1998-2003 Privatdozent (Assistant Professor), Botanical Institute, University – GHS - Essen. Lectures: General Botany, Evolution of lower plants, Photosynthesis, Courses: Cryptogams, Biology -
The Fungi of Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and Environs
THE FUNGI OF SLAPTON LEY NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE AND ENVIRONS APRIL 2019 Image © Visit South Devon ASCOMYCOTA Order Family Name Abrothallales Abrothallaceae Abrothallus microspermus CY (IMI 164972 p.p., 296950), DM (IMI 279667, 279668, 362458), N4 (IMI 251260), Wood (IMI 400386), on thalli of Parmelia caperata and P. perlata. Mainly as the anamorph <it Abrothallus parmeliarum C, CY (IMI 164972), DM (IMI 159809, 159865), F1 (IMI 159892), 2, G2, H, I1 (IMI 188770), J2, N4 (IMI 166730), SV, on thalli of Parmelia carporrhizans, P Abrothallus parmotrematis DM, on Parmelia perlata, 1990, D.L. Hawksworth (IMI 400397, as Vouauxiomyces sp.) Abrothallus suecicus DM (IMI 194098); on apothecia of Ramalina fustigiata with st. conid. Phoma ranalinae Nordin; rare. (L2) Abrothallus usneae (as A. parmeliarum p.p.; L2) Acarosporales Acarosporaceae Acarospora fuscata H, on siliceous slabs (L1); CH, 1996, T. Chester. Polysporina simplex CH, 1996, T. Chester. Sarcogyne regularis CH, 1996, T. Chester; N4, on concrete posts; very rare (L1). Trimmatothelopsis B (IMI 152818), on granite memorial (L1) [EXTINCT] smaragdula Acrospermales Acrospermaceae Acrospermum compressum DM (IMI 194111), I1, S (IMI 18286a), on dead Urtica stems (L2); CY, on Urtica dioica stem, 1995, JLT. Acrospermum graminum I1, on Phragmites debris, 1990, M. Marsden (K). Amphisphaeriales Amphisphaeriaceae Beltraniella pirozynskii D1 (IMI 362071a), on Quercus ilex. Ceratosporium fuscescens I1 (IMI 188771c); J1 (IMI 362085), on dead Ulex stems. (L2) Ceriophora palustris F2 (IMI 186857); on dead Carex puniculata leaves. (L2) Lepteutypa cupressi SV (IMI 184280); on dying Thuja leaves. (L2) Monographella cucumerina (IMI 362759), on Myriophyllum spicatum; DM (IMI 192452); isol. ex vole dung. (L2); (IMI 360147, 360148, 361543, 361544, 361546). -
Taxonomie, Phylogénie Et Écogéographie Des Peltigerales De La Réunion (Archipel Des Mascareignes)
Département des sciences et gestion de l’environnement Taxonomie végétale et biologie de la conservation Taxonomie, phylogénie et écogéographie des Peltigerales de la Réunion (archipel des Mascareignes) Mémoire de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du grade de Master en biologie des organismes et écologie, à finalité approfondie Nicolas MAGAIN Promoteur : Emmanuël SÉRUSIAUX Août 2010 Sticta macrophylla Résumé -Une mission sur le terrain à la Réunion en novembre 2009 a permis de récolter environ 450 échantillons de Peltigerales. Un stage d’un mois a été effectué à l’Université du Connecticut dans le laboratoire du Professeur Bernard Goffinet. Taxonomie -Nous avons réalisé une checklist des Peltigerales de la Réunion présentant 69 espèces, dont 11 nouvelles pour la Réunion. Les genres Collema et Leptogium n’ont pas été étudiés. -Nous avons identifié, provenant de la Réunion, du Rift Albertin et de Madagascar, pas moins de 27 espèces de Sticta. Parmi ces 27 espèces, 14 d’entre elles représentent probablement des nouvelles espèces pour lesquelles nous n’avons trouvé aucun épithète validement publié. Phylogénie -Nous avons réalisé plusieurs études phylogénétiques sur l’ordre des Peltigerales par extraction d’ADN, amplification de trois loci (ITS nucléaire, LSU nucléaire et mtSSU mitochondrial), et analyses en maximum de parcimonie, maximum de vraisemblance et analyse bayesienne. -La famille des Pannariaceae au sens large est monophylétique, tout comme le genre Pannaria sensu stricto, à condition de revoir le nom de certaines espèces. Le genre Psoroma est polyphylétique, tout comme le genre Parmeliella. -Le genre Erioderma est monophylétique, et forme un groupe avec Leioderma et une partie des Degelia. -
One Hundred New Species of Lichenized Fungi: a Signature of Undiscovered Global Diversity
Phytotaxa 18: 1–127 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Monograph PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 18 One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH1*, TEUVO AHTI2, SUSANNE ALTERMANN3, GUILLERMO AMO DE PAZ4, ANDRÉ APTROOT5, ULF ARUP6, ALEJANDRINA BÁRCENAS PEÑA7, PAULINA A. BAWINGAN8, MICHEL N. BENATTI9, LUISA BETANCOURT10, CURTIS R. BJÖRK11, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB12, MAARTEN BRAND13, FRANK BUNGARTZ14, MARCELA E. S. CÁCERES15, MEHTMET CANDAN16, JOSÉ LUIS CHAVES17, PHILIPPE CLERC18, RALPH COMMON19, BRIAN J. COPPINS20, ANA CRESPO4, MANUELA DAL-FORNO21, PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR4, MELIZAR V. DUYA22, JOHN A. ELIX23, ARVE ELVEBAKK24, JOHNATHON D. FANKHAUSER25, EDIT FARKAS26, LIDIA ITATÍ FERRARO27, EBERHARD FISCHER28, DAVID J. GALLOWAY29, ESTER GAYA30, MIREIA GIRALT31, TREVOR GOWARD32, MARTIN GRUBE33, JOSEF HAFELLNER33, JESÚS E. HERNÁNDEZ M.34, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES HERRERA CAMPOS7, KLAUS KALB35, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT6, GINTARAS KANTVILAS36, DOROTHEE KILLMANN28, PAUL KIRIKA37, KERRY KNUDSEN38, HARALD KOMPOSCH39, SERGEY KONDRATYUK40, JAMES D. LAWREY21, ARMIN MANGOLD41, MARCELO P. MARCELLI9, BRUCE MCCUNE42, MARIA INES MESSUTI43, ANDREA MICHLIG27, RICARDO MIRANDA GONZÁLEZ7, BIBIANA MONCADA10, ALIFERETI NAIKATINI44, MATTHEW P. NELSEN1, 45, DAG O. ØVSTEDAL46, ZDENEK PALICE47, KHWANRUAN PAPONG48, SITTIPORN PARNMEN12, SERGIO PÉREZ-ORTEGA4, CHRISTIAN PRINTZEN49, VÍCTOR J. RICO4, EIMY RIVAS PLATA1, 50, JAVIER ROBAYO51, DANIA ROSABAL52, ULRIKE RUPRECHT53, NORIS SALAZAR ALLEN54, LEOPOLDO SANCHO4, LUCIANA SANTOS DE JESUS15, TAMIRES SANTOS VIEIRA15, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ55, MARK R. D. SEAWARD56, EMMANUËL SÉRUSIAUX57, IMKE SCHMITT58, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN59, MOHAMMAD SOHRABI 2, 60, ULRIK SØCHTING61, MAJBRIT ZEUTHEN SØGAARD61, LAURENS B. SPARRIUS62, ADRIANO SPIELMANN63, TOBY SPRIBILLE33, JUTARAT SUTJARITTURAKAN64, ACHRA THAMMATHAWORN65, ARNE THELL6, GÖRAN THOR66, HOLGER THÜS67, EINAR TIMDAL68, CAMILLE TRUONG18, ROMAN TÜRK69, LOENGRIN UMAÑA TENORIO17, DALIP K. -
Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O. -
New Records of One <I>Amygdalaria</I> and Three <I
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2015. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.33 Volume 130, pp. 33–40 January–March 2015 New records of one Amygdalaria and three Porpidia taxa (Lecideaceae) from China Lu-Lu Zhang, Xin Zhao, & Ling Hu * Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract —Four lichen taxa of Lecideaceae, Amygdalaria consentiens var. consentiens, Porpidia carlottiana, P. lowiana, and P. tuberculosa, are reported for the first time from China. Key words —Asia, Lecideales, lichens Introduction The family Lecideaceae Chevall. contains about 23 genera and 547 species, of which the largest genus is Lecidea Ach., containing about 427 species (Kirk et al. 2008, Fryday & Hertel 2014). In China, twenty-three species of the other genera in Lecideaceae have been reported, including two each of Amygdalaria Norman, Bellemerea Hafellner & Cl. Roux, and Immersaria Rambold & Pietschm.; one each of Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel, Paraporpidia Rambold & Pietschm., and Stenhammarella Hertel; and 16 species of Porpidia Körb. (Hertel 1977, Wei 1991; Aptroot & Seaward 1999; Aptroot 2002; Aptroot & Sparrius 2003; Obermayer 2004; Guo 2005; Zhang et al. 2010, 2012; Wang et al. 2012; Ismayi & Abbas 2013; Hu et al. 2014). Amygdalaria and Porpidia are obviously very closely related. Both have large halonate ascospores, a high hymenium, Porpidia-type asci, and a dark pigmented hypothecium and are (with a few exceptions) restricted to lime-free, silicate rocks. However Amygdalaria can be best distinguished from Porpidia by the presence of cephalodia, the higher hymenium (over 130 µm), the larger ascospores (generally 20–35 × 10–16 µm) with conspicuous, rather compact epispores, and a tendency toward a brownish or yellowish pink thallus (Inoue 1984, Brodo & Hertel 1987, Gowan 1989, Smith et al. -
(1828-1880): a Catalogue of Lichens Collected in Scandinavia in 1863 Housed in the Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Dublin
Glasra 4: 63–84 (2000) Isaac Carroll (1828-1880): a catalogue of lichens collected in Scandinavia in 1863 housed in the Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Dublin HOWARD F. FOX National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. MARY. J. P. SCANNELL Raglan Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland. ABSTRACT: A lichen collection, containing 181 numbered packets from Scandinavia, made by the Irish botanist Isaac Carroll during 1863 is documented. Brief biographical notes on Isaac Carroll (1828-1880) are presented. The name Pyrenocollema bryospilum (Nyl.) Coppins is validated. Verrucaria beloniella Nyl. is lectotypified and synonymised with Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert. Stigmidium congestum and Lecidea hypopta are added to the floras of Norway and Ireland respectively. Key Words – Herbarium, Lichens, Isaac Carroll. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON ISAAC CARROLL Isaac Carroll, a nineteenth century Irish botanist, was primarily a lichenologist. His contribution to botany has been written up by several researchers in recent decades (Cullinane 1973, Seaward et al. 1982, Parnell 1992, Mitchell 1996). Isaac Carroll was the only son of James Carroll1 and wife Susannah, née Abbott2. Born in Cork City on 28 April 1828, he died in Aghada, Co. Cork on 7 September 1880, aged 52. He was a Quaker and is interred at the Society of Friends' Burial Ground, Summerhill South, Cork (Mitchell, 1995, 1996). He corresponded with botanists from 19 Summer Hill, on the North side of Cork City, in 1858-60, 1862, 1864, 1867-8 and 1870 (Seaward et al., 1982; Mitchell, 1996) and from 79 South Mall in 1858 and 18723. The portrait of Isaac Carroll which now hangs in the herbarium in Glasnevin, was painted by Dublin born artist, Josephine Webb, R.H.A. -
Arthonia Pragensis Spec. Nov. (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales), a New Lichenicolous Fungus from the Czech Republic
C z e c h m y c o l . 47 (2), 1994 Arthonia pragensis spec. nov. (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales), a new lichenicolous fungus from the Czech Republic J a n a H o r á k o v á National Museum, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic Horáková J. (1994): Arthonia pragensis spec. nov. (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales), a new lichenicolous fungus from the Czech Republic. Czech Mycol. 47: 139-143 Arthonia pragensis Horáková, a new lichenicolous fungus (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales) is de scribed from xerothermic area growing on diabase rocks in Prague in the Czech Republic. This is also the first published report of a lichenicolous fungus from the territory of Prague. Key words: Arthonia, lichenicolous fungi, Czech Republic, taxonomy Horáková J. (1994): Arthonia pragensis spec. nov. (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales), nová lichenikolní houba z České republiky. Czech Mycol. 47: 139-143 Arthonia pragensis Horáková je nová lichenikolní houba (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales) popsaná z xerothermních diabasových skal v Praze v České republice. Jedná se o první publikovaný údaj lichenikolní houby na území Prahy. I ntroduction At present the genus Arthonia (Ascomycetes) includes 44 lichenicolous or para sitic species (incl. Conida and Celidium). This very rich group needs a new taxonomic revision, which should include the nature of the ascus structure. Only the recent research underline amyloidity of ascoapical structures in some lichenized and lichenicolous species of Arthonia (Coppins 1983, 1989; Triebel 1989; Alstrup et Hawksworth 1990) and it points out two different ascus types in this genus (Alstrup et Hawksworth 1990). The species described below, collected once on sunny diabase rocks from xe rothermic area in Prague at the elevation cca 310 m above sea level, belongs to those species of Arthonia having this aspect of amyloidity. -
<I> Lecanoromycetes</I> of Lichenicolous Fungi Associated With
Persoonia 39, 2017: 91–117 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.05 Phylogenetic placement within Lecanoromycetes of lichenicolous fungi associated with Cladonia and some other genera R. Pino-Bodas1,2, M.P. Zhurbenko3, S. Stenroos1 Key words Abstract Though most of the lichenicolous fungi belong to the Ascomycetes, their phylogenetic placement based on molecular data is lacking for numerous species. In this study the phylogenetic placement of 19 species of cladoniicolous species lichenicolous fungi was determined using four loci (LSU rDNA, SSU rDNA, ITS rDNA and mtSSU). The phylogenetic Pilocarpaceae analyses revealed that the studied lichenicolous fungi are widespread across the phylogeny of Lecanoromycetes. Protothelenellaceae One species is placed in Acarosporales, Sarcogyne sphaerospora; five species in Dactylosporaceae, Dactylo Scutula cladoniicola spora ahtii, D. deminuta, D. glaucoides, D. parasitica and Dactylospora sp.; four species belong to Lecanorales, Stictidaceae Lichenosticta alcicorniaria, Epicladonia simplex, E. stenospora and Scutula epiblastematica. The genus Epicladonia Stictis cladoniae is polyphyletic and the type E. sandstedei belongs to Leotiomycetes. Phaeopyxis punctum and Bachmanniomyces uncialicola form a well supported clade in the Ostropomycetidae. Epigloea soleiformis is related to Arthrorhaphis and Anzina. Four species are placed in Ostropales, Corticifraga peltigerae, Cryptodiscus epicladonia, C. galaninae and C. cladoniicola -
A Multigene Phylogenetic Synthesis for the Class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families
A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Högnabba, F., Oliver, J. C., Molnár, K., Fraker, E., ... & Stenroos, S. (2014). A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 79, 132-168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10,