Measuring Cultural Relatedness Using Multiple Seriation Ordering Algorithms
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Part II Specialized Studies Chapter Vi
Part II Specialized Studies chapter vi New Sites and Lingering Questions at the Debert and Belmont Sites, Nova Scotia Leah Morine Rosenmeier, Scott Buchanan, Ralph Stea, and Gordon Brewster ore than forty years ago the Debert site exca- presents a model for the depositional history of the site vations signaled a new standard for interdisci- area, including two divergent scenarios for the origins of the Mplinary approaches to the investigation of late cultural materials at the sites. We believe the expanded areal Pleistocene archaeological sites. The resulting excavations extent of the complex, the nature of past excavations, and produced a record that continues to anchor northeastern the degree of site preservation place the Debert- Belmont Paleoindian sites (MacDonald 1968). The Confederacy of complex among the largest, best- documented, and most Mainland Mi’kmaq (the Confederacy) has been increasingly intact Paleoindian sites in North America. involved with the protection and management of the site The new fi nds and recent research have resolved some complex since the discovery of the Belmont I and II sites in long- standing issues, but they have also created new debates. the late 1980s (Bernard et al. 2011; Julien et al. 2008). The Understanding the relative chronologies of the numerous data reported here are the result of archaeological testing site areas and the consequent relationship among the sites associated with these protection eff orts, the development of requires not only understanding depositional contexts for the Mi’kmawey Debert Cultural Centre (MDCC), and the single occupations but tying together varied contexts (rede- passage of new provincial regulations solely dedicated to pro- posited, disturbed, glaciofl uvial, glaciolacustrine, Holocene tecting archaeological sites in the Debert and Belmont area. -
Phytoarkive Project General Report: Phytolith Assessment of Samples from 16-22 Coppergate and 22 Piccadilly (ABC Cinema), York
PhytoArkive Project General Report: Phytolith Assessment of Samples from 16-22 Coppergate and 22 Piccadilly (ABC Cinema), York An Insight Report By Hayley McParland, University of York ©H. McParland 2016 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3 A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF PHYTOLITH STUDIES IN THE UK................................................................................ 4 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 6 3. RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 6 4. RECOMMENDATIONS AND POTENTIAL .......................................................................................... 7 2 1. Introduction This pilot study builds on an initial assessment of phytolith preservation in samples from Coppergate and 22 Picadilly (ABC Cinema) which demonstrated adequate to excellent preservation of phytoliths1. At that time, phytolith studies were in their infancy and their true potential for the interpretation of archaeological contexts was unknown. Phytoliths are plant silica microfossils, ranging from 0.01mm to 0.1mm in size and visible only through a high powered microscope. Phytoliths, literally ‘plant rocks’12, are formed from solidified monosilicic acid, which is absorbed by the plant in the groundwater. It is deposited as -
The Preservation of Archaeological Records and Photographs
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations Anthropology, Department of 12-2010 The Preservation of Archaeological Records and Photographs Kelli Bacon University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses Part of the Anthropology Commons Bacon, Kelli, "The Preservation of Archaeological Records and Photographs" (2010). Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations. 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS AND PHOTOGRAPHS By Kelli Bacon A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College of the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Anthropology Under the Supervision of Professor LuAnn Wandsnider Lincoln, Nebraska December 2010 THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS AND PHOTOGRAPHS Kelli Bacon, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: LuAnn Wandsnider Substantive and organized research about archaeological records and photograph preservation, especially those written by and for archaeologists, are few. Although the Society for American Archaeology has a code of ethics regarding archaeological records preservation, and the federal government has regulations regarding the care and preservation of federally owned archaeological collections, there is a lack of resources. This is detrimental to archaeology because not all archaeologists, given the maturity of the discipline, understand how important it is to preserve archaeological records and photographs. -
Archaeological Tree-Ring Dating at the Millennium
P1: IAS Journal of Archaeological Research [jar] pp469-jare-369967 June 17, 2002 12:45 Style file version June 4th, 2002 Journal of Archaeological Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, September 2002 (C 2002) Archaeological Tree-Ring Dating at the Millennium Stephen E. Nash1 Tree-ring analysis provides chronological, environmental, and behavioral data to a wide variety of disciplines related to archaeology including architectural analysis, climatology, ecology, history, hydrology, resource economics, volcanology, and others. The pace of worldwide archaeological tree-ring research has accelerated in the last two decades, and significant contributions have recently been made in archaeological chronology and chronometry, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and the study of human behavior in both the Old and New Worlds. This paper reviews a sample of recent contributions to tree-ring method, theory, and data, and makes some suggestions for future lines of research. KEY WORDS: dendrochronology; dendroclimatology; crossdating; tree-ring dating. INTRODUCTION Archaeology is a multidisciplinary social science that routinely adopts an- alytical techniques from disparate fields of inquiry to answer questions about human behavior and material culture in the prehistoric, historic, and recent past. Dendrochronology, literally “the study of tree time,” is a multidisciplinary sci- ence that provides chronological and environmental data to an astonishing vari- ety of archaeologically relevant fields of inquiry, including architectural analysis, biology, climatology, economics, -
The Archaeological Study of Culture Change And
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF CULTURE CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN MULTIETHNIC COMMUNITIES If K) il. Kent G. Lightfoot Archaeological Research Facility Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 ABSTRACT California is ideally suited to the study of the emergence, growth, and consequences of multiethnic colonial communities. Research on how native peoples responded to Spanish, Mexican, Russian, and Anglo-American exploration and colonialism can provide important insights into the roots of contemporary pluralistic Californian populations. An ongoing study ofthe Russian colony of Fort Ross is examining the cultural landscapes of diverse ethnic groups in a long-term temporal framework. This study questions the growing practice ofsplitting "prehistoric" and "historical" archaeology into separate subfields, shifts the emphasis from artifact analyses to the study of spatial contexts, and employs ethnohistorical and ethnographic data as end sequences oflong-term developments in native societies. INTRODUCTION dating of archaeological deposits. As little as ten years ago, many sites _. especially lithic scatters An important focus of social theory and recorded in swface surveys -- were difficult to studies of cultural change in anthropology today is date. With recent chronological advances, espe understanding how indigenous peoples responded cially obsidian hydration research, archaeological to European contact and colonialism, and how the deposits in many regions of California can now be outcomes of these encounters contributed to the dated along an ordinal scale that spans prehistoric, pluralistic populations of contemporary America protohistoric, and historic times. The rich archival (Biersack 1991; Deagan 1990; Ohnuki-Tierney data base and more refmed chronologies provide 1990; Sahlins 1992; Simmons 1988; Wolf 1982). an ideal combination for examining long-tenn Archaeologists in California are ideally situated to developments in the hunter-gatherer societies of make important contributions to the study of long California. -
ARTIFACTS and FEATURES DENDROCHRONOLOGY This
4/28/2004 ARTIFACTS AND FEATURES DENDROCHRONOLOGY This article is one of an occasional series discussing matters archaeological, especially with reference to the Maturango Museum. In previous articles we have talked about why chronologies are important in archaeology, and about a few qualitative techniques for establishing dates or sequences. Today we move on to another topic, quantitative chronological techniques. The first quantitative technique to be developed and applied in archaeology was dendrochronology, or tree-ring dating. It was developed in 1928 by A. E. Douglass of the University of Arizona, an astronomer who was studying sun-spot cycles. He theorized that climatic moisture was affected by the 11-year sun-spot cycle, and concluded that the evidence should be observable in tree rings. In the course of the studies he verified that the climatic sequence of wet and dry years does in fact leave a detectable pattern in the tree ring record: in general, wet years lead to wide rings and dry years to narrow rings. The important byproduct of this for archaeology is that the sequence of wet and dry years in a given locality never repeats itself, so the tree rings contain a unique signature which allows correlating between an old log and a new one, as long as there is some overlap. Douglass, to his credit, realized that his data would be useful to archaeologists, who at that time had no methods for assigning quantitative dates. Qualitative methods such as pottery seriation, stratigraphic excavation, and marker artifacts allow construction of sequences, but not absolute dating. Dendrochronology, for the first time, would allow an archaeologist to assign a date to the event of cutting down a tree to build a structure or use as fuel. -
Archaeological Evaluation Report and Recommendation for the Irvine Business Complex, City of Irvine, California
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE UPTOWN NEWPORT VILLAGE PROJECT, CITY OF NEWPORT BEACH, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: The Planning Center|DC&E 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, CA 92707 Authors: Molly Valasik, Sherri Gust and Courtney Richards Principal Investigator: Sherri Gust, Orange County Certified Professional Paleontologist and Archaeologist January 2012 Cogstone Project Number: 2265 Type of Study: Cultural resources assessment Fossil Localities: none Archaeological Sites: none USGS Quadrangle: Tustin 7.5’ photorevised 1981 Area: 25-acres Key Words: Gabrielino, Tongva, Quaternary Older Paralic Deposits 1518 West Taft Avenue Branch Offices cogstone.com Orange, CA 92865 West Sacramento - Morro Bay - Inland Empire – San Diego Office (714) 974-8300 Toll free (888) 497-0700 Uptown Newport Village TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ III INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................................... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................... 2 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................................... -
Strategies and Activities: Preschool
Arkansas Child Development and Early Learning Standards Strategies and Activities: Preschool November 2017 Published 2017 by Early Care and Education Projects Fayetteville, AR 72701 ©Early Care and Education Projects College of Education and Health Professions University of Arkansas All rights reserved December 2017 Strategies and Activities: Preschool page |ii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v Reading and Using Strategies and Activities: Preschool ...................................................................................... vii Books That Support Strategies and Activities: Preschool .................................................................................. 109 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 115 Resources ........................................................................................................................................................... 117 Social and Emotional Development ........................................................................................................................... 1 Cognitive Development ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Physical Development and Health .......................................................................................................................... -
Visualization and Collaborative Practice in Paleoethnobotany
ARTICLE VISUALIZATION AND COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE IN PALEOETHNOBOTANY Jessica M. Herlich and Shanti Morell-Hart Jessica M. Herlich is a Ph.D. candidate at the College of William and Mary and Shanti Morell-Hart is Assistant Professor at McMaster University. aleoethnobotany lends unique insight into past lived Methodologies, Practices, and Multi-Proxy Understandings experiences, landscape reconstruction, and ethnoecolog- There are many methodologies within paleoethnobotany that ical connections. A wide array of paleoethnobotanical P lead to distinct yet complementary pieces of information, methodologies equips us to negotiate complementary under- whether due to scale of residue (chemical to architectural) or the standings of the human past. From entire wood sea vessels to technology available (hand loupes to full laboratory facilities). individual plant cells, all sizes of botanical remains can be The limits of archaeobotanical analysis are constantly expand- addressed through the tools available to an archaeobotanist. As ing as the accessibility and capabilities of technology improve. paleoethnobotanical interpretation is interwoven with other This is true for microscopes and software, which make it possi- threads of information, an enriched vision of the relationships ble for a paleoethnobotanist to capture and enhance the small- between landscape and people develops. est of cellular structures, and for telecommunications and digi- tal records, which are expanding the possibilities for decipher- Collaboration is a necessary component for archaeobotanical ing archaeobotanical material and for collaborating with distant analysis and interpretation. Through collaboration we make stakeholders. Improvements in technology are an integral part the invisible visible, the unintelligible intelligible, the unknow- of the exciting future of paleoethnobotany, which includes col- able knowable. -
Foundations of Archaeology - D.L
ARCHAEOLOGY – Vol. I - Foundations of Archaeology - D.L. Hardesty FOUNDATIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGY D.L. Hardesty Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA Keywords: Analogy, Archaeology, Behavior, Classification, Concept, Culture, Dating, Deposit, Ecology, Evolution, Excavation, Fieldwork, Hermeneutics, Household, Landscape, Method, Region, Settlement Contents 1. Conceptual Foundations 1.1 Structures of Inquiry 1.2 Constructing Archaeological Data 2. Methodological Foundations of Archaeology 2.1 Archaeological Fieldwork 2.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Archaeological Data Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The foundations of archaeology are both conceptual and methodological. Key concepts are associated with several “structures of inquiry” and with constructions used to define and organize archaeological data. The methodological foundations of archaeology are found in fieldwork and other ways of gathering archaeological data and in the approaches used to analyze and interpret archaeological data in the laboratory and elsewhere. Such methods include the use of analogy such as ethnoarchaeology and experimentation, classification, dating, materials analysis, bioarchaeology, and the analysis and interpretation of past environments. 1. Conceptual Foundations The fundamentalUNESCO concepts of archaeology are– linked EOLSS to several structures of inquiry and ways of constructing archaeological data. Archaeological structures of inquiry include culture history, processual structures, hermeneutics, and Marxism. The -
SAA Archaeological Record Anna Marie Prentiss (ISSN 1532-7299) Is Published five Times a Year and Is Edited by Anna Marie Prentiss
Archaeological Practice on Reality Television SOCIETY FOR AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY the SAAarchaeologicalrecord The Magazine of the Society for American Archaeology Volume 15, No. 2 March 2015 Editor’s Corner 2 Anna Marie Prentiss From the President 3 Jeffrey H. Altschul, RPA SAA and Open Access—The Financial Implications 4 Jim Bruseth Exploring Open Access for SAA Publications 5 Sarah Whitcher Kansa and Carrie Dennett Volunteer Profile : Kirk French 9 ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE ON REALITY TELEVISION Reality Television and the Portrayal of Archaeological 10 Sarah A. Herr Practice: Challenges and Opportunities Digging for Ratings Gold: American Digger and the 12 Eduardo Pagán Challenge of Sustainability for Cable TV Interview with John Francis on National Geographic 18 Sarah A. Herr and Archaeology Programming Time Team America: Archaeology as a Gateway 21 Meg Watters to Science : Engaging and Educating the Publi c Beyond “Nectar” and “Juice” : Creating a Preservation 26 Jeffery Hanson Ethic through Reality TV Reality Television and Metal Detecting : Let’s Be Part of 30 Giovanna M. Peebles the Solution and Not Add to the Problem Metal Detecting as a Preservation and Community 35 Matthew Reeves Building Tool : Montpelier’s Metal Detecting Programs Going Around (or Beyond) Major TV : Other Media 38 Richard Pettigrew Options to Reach the Public Erratum In the Acknowledgements section of “Ho’eexokre ‘Eyookuuka’ro ‘We’re Working with Each Other”: The Pimu Catalina Island Proj - ect” Vol. 15(1):28, an important supporter was left out and should be disclosed. On the cover: Time Team America camera - Acknowledgments. The 2012 Pimu Catalina Island Archaeology man filming excavations for the episode "The Field School was also supported by the Institute for Field Research Search for Josiah Henson." Image courtesy of (IFR). -
MJ O'brien, RL Lyman
M.J. O'Brien, R.L. Lyman Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils The Backbone of Archaeological Dating It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However, even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of clever methods used to determine the relative ages of archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision. Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather, common practice is to categorize them under the heading `stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little appreciated by modern archaeologists. 1999, XIII, 253 p. Although not as well known as stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation) measures time discontinuously, while Printed book the former - in various guises - measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors provide detailed Hardcover descriptions and examples of each of its three different techniques. ▶ 109,99 € | £99.99 | $139.99 ▶ *117,69 € (D) | 120,99 € (A) | CHF 130.00 Each method and technique of relative dating is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on developments in North America, an approach that allows a more eBook complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of analytical technique and disciplinary history.