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Material Properties Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Appendix E: The following tables compare the physical and mechanical properties of some of the most popular materials for additive manufacturing. The first table Material properties provides common manufacturing materials for the purpose of comparison. by Jorge Mireles ABS (acrylonitrile PVC Description Nylon 66 polycarbonate polypropylene butadiene (polyvinylchloride) styrene) Tensile strength (ASTM D638) 6,628 9,224 9,065 5,000-9,000 4,500-5,400 lb/in2 (46) (63.6) (62.5) (34-62) (31-37) (MPa) Tensile modulus (ASTM D638) 290,000 305,000 334,000 350,000-600,000 170,000-250,000 lb/in2 (2,000) (2,100) (2,300) (2,400-4,100) (1,172-1,724) (MPa) Elongation % at break 41.6 82.8 110 3-120 7-13 Elongation % at yield not available 10.7% 6% not available not available Impact strength (notched Izod) 1.7-4.5 0.75-24.4 0.93-18 0.75-20 0.4-1.4 ft-lb/in of notch (0.9 -2.4) (0.4-13) (0.5-10) (0.4-10.1) (21-75) (J/m) 75-115 93-122 118-133 70 68-83 Hardness Rockwell (R) Rockwell (R) Rockwell (R) Shore (D) Shore (D) Glass-transition temperature °C not available not available 150 not available 130-168 (Heat-deflection (94-194) (80-210) (130) (66-89) (107-121) temperature °C) Source: www.matweb.com and CADCAMNet Note: Ryan Wicker and Frank Medina contributed to this appendix COPYRIGHT © 2011 1 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer 3D Systems (1 of 3) Material Accura Xtreme Accura 60 Accura 10 Accura 25 Accura 55 Type of material photopolymer liquid resin Type of laser solid-state solid-state solid-state solid-state lasers solid-state lasers (machine) lasers lasers lasers durable, humidity high green strength, the aesthetics resistance, optical good humidity durable white and properties of a grey durable and rigid clarity, view internal resistance, ideal for material, ideal for molded ABS production material, ABS-like, Notes features and QuickCast parts, snap fits and RTV- part with toughness fast build speed passages, low- optical clarity, and molding applications and accuracy viscosity formulation smooth side walls UV light UV light UV light UV light and heat UV light and heat Postcure method and heat Process properties – liquid resin Critical exposure 2 11.7 7.6 13.8 10.5 7.4 Ec (mJ/cm ) Depth of penetration 4.1 6.3 6.3 4.2 5.2 Dp (mils) Viscosity 250-300 150-180 485 250 155-185 centipoise at 30°C Continued on the following page COPYRIGHT © 2011 2 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Material Accura Xtreme Accura 60 Accura 10 Accura 25 Accura 55 Physical properties Tensile strength 2 5,510-6,380 8,410-9,860 9,010-10,940 5,540-5,570 9,200-9,850 lb/in (38-44) (58-68) (62-76) (38) (63-68) (MPa) Tensile modulus 2 260,000-287,000 390,000-450,000 440,000-510,000 230,000-240,000 460,000-490,000 lb/in (1,790-1,980) (2,690-3,100) (3,048-3,532) (1,590-1,660) (3,200-3,380) (MPa) Elongation 14-22 5-13 3.1-5.6 13-20 5-8 % at break Impact strength (notched Izod) 0.66-0.98 0.3-0.5 0.28-0.52 0.4 0.2-0.4 ft-lb/in of notch (35-52) (15-25) (14.9-27.7) (19-24) (12-22) (J/m) @ ASTM D 256 Hardness 86 86 86 80 85 (Shore D-scale) General information Heat deflection temperature °C 62 53-55 58 58-63 55-58 @66 lb/in2 54 48-50 50 51-55 51-53 @264 lb/in2 Glass-transition 52 58° 62 60 56 temperature °C Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/materials/sla/datasheets.asp, January 2011 COPYRIGHT © 2011 3 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer 3D Systems (2 of 3) Material Accura 40 Accura Bluestone Accura 45HC Accura 50 Accura Amethyst Type of material photopolymer liquid resin solid-state solid-state solid-state helium-cadmium solid-state Type of laser lasers lasers lasers lasers lasers (Viper SLA (machine) (SLA 250) Systems) high green strength, purple, superior engineering good humidity durable natural or grey feature detail and nanocomposite material, tough, high-temperature resistance, build material, ideal for snap part quality, highly exceptional stiffness and Notes material, not brittle speeds that are up to fits and RTV-molding accurate, good thermal resistance, low two times the speed applications combination of speed shrinkage of other resins and part quality Postcure method UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat UV light and heat Process properties – liquid resin Critical exposure 2 21.7 6.9 7.4 9.0 14.4 Ec (mJ/cm ) Depth of penetration 6.6 4.1 5.1 4.5 3.7 Dp (mils) Viscosity centipoise at 485 1,200-1,800 475 600 350 30°C Continued on the following page COPYRIGHT © 2011 4 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Material Accura 40 Accura Bluestone Accura 45HC Accura 50 Accura Amethyst Physical properties Tensile strength 2 8,270-8,920 9,600-9,800 8,520-8,860 7,030-7,240 3,130-5,450 lb/in (57-61) (66-68) (59-61) (48-50) (22-38) (MPa) Tensile modulus 380,000-480,000 1,100,000-1,700,000 400,000-430,000 360,000-390,000 510,000-580,000 lb/in2 (2,628-3,321) (7,600-11,700) (2,760-2,960) (2,480-2,690) (3,514-3,996) (MPa) Elongation 4.8-5.1 1.4-2.4 4.8-5.4 5.3-15.0 .56-1.04 % at break Impact strength (notched Izod) 0.42-0.56 0.24-0.32 0.2-0.3 0.31-0.51 0.16-0.23 ft-lb/in of notch (22.3-29.9) (13-17) (11-16) (16.5-28.1) (9-12) (J/m) @ ASTD D 256 Hardness 84 92 87 86 87 (Shore D-scale) General information Heat deflection temperature °C 51-54 65-66 58 49-53 77 @66 lb/in2 43-49 65 51 43-46 62 @264 lb/in2 Glass-transition 62.0-65.6 71-83 66-87 62 103 temperature °C Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/materials/sla/datasheets.asp, January 2011 COPYRIGHT © 2011 5 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer 3D Systems (3 of 3) Material Accura® AccuGen™ Accura® 48HTR™ Accura PEAK Accura E-Stone Type of photopolymer liquid resin material Type of solid-state lasers laser (Viper si2™ SLA, 3500, solid-state lasers (machine) 5000, and 7000 systems) color selection availability, fast, general-purpose high humidity and high stiffness, moisture useful with dental lab resin with moisture resistant, resistant, elevated- practices, high accuracy Notes mid-range physical high rigidity, low viscosity temperature resistance and repeatability properties formulation Postcure UV light method Process properties – liquid resin Critical exposure 10.8 7.4 11.5 10.5 2 Ec (mJ/cm ) Depth of penetration 4.4 5.5 5.6 4.2 Dp (mils) Viscosity centipoise 500 200-250 605 200-300 at 30°C Continued on the following page COPYRIGHT © 2011 6 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Material Accura® AccuGen™ Accura® 48HTR™ Accura PEAK Accura E-Stone Physical properties Tensile strength 9,700 9,280-9,720 8,270-11320 5,400-5,600 lb/in2 (67) (64-67) (57-78) (37-39) (MPa) Tensile modulus 440,000 406,000-577,000 612,000-695,000 220,000-250,000 lb/in2 (3,030) (2,800-3,980) (4,220-4,790) (1,500-1,750) (MPa) Elongation 4.6 4-7 1.3-2.5 10-23 % at break Impact strength (notched 0.32 0.4-0.5 0.4-0.5 0.3-0.5 Izod) (17.1) (22-29) (21.3-27.3) (18-25) ft-lb/in of notch (J/m) Hardness (Shore 82 86 86 80 D-scale) General information Heat deflection temperature 65 153 58-65 not available °C 57 124 51-55 @66 lb/in2 @265 lb/in2 Glass- transition 73 temperature 62 104 60 °C Source: Accura Stereolithography Material Datasheets, 3D Systems, 3dsystems.com/products/materials/sla/datasheets.asp, January 2011 COPYRIGHT © 2011 7 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC. Wohlers Report 2011 Appendix E: Material Properties Technology Stereolithography Manufacturer DSM Somos (Table 1 of 4) Somos Somos Somos ProtoCast WaterClear Material Somos DMX-SL 100 ProtoGen 18120 ProtoGen 18420 ProtoGen 18920 AF19122 Ultra 10122 Type of material photopolymer liquid resin Type of laser solid-state lasers (machine) optically clear resin with ABS- general-purpose, general-purpose, antimony-free, low general-purpose, like properties high- humidity and ash residue for high toughness, Notes high-temperature and improved temperature temperature investment-casting durable parts ABS-like parts water resistance ABS-like parts tolerant, ABS-like applications (water material absorption 0.8%) Postcure method UV light and heat UV light Process properties – liquid resin Critical exposure 2 6.73 6.73 7.0 11.5 15 10.0 Ec (mJ/cm ) Depth of penetration 4.57 4.34 4.2 5.2 5.5 6.5 Dp (mils) Viscosity 300 350 350 100 1,500 165 centipoise at 30°C Density 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.13 1.17 1.13 g/cm3 at 25°C Continued on the following page COPYRIGHT © 2011 8 WOHLERS ASSOCIATES, INC.
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