DOCSLIB.ORG

Sphenoid and Ethmoid Bones

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sphenoid and Ethmoid Bones Skull. Sphenoid and ethmoid bones János Hanics MD SKELETAL SYSTEM MAIN PARTS OF THE SKULL •Constitute by 22 bones: •neurocranium (8) – UNPAIRED: frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bones PAIRED: temporal, parietal bones •viscerocranium (14) -UNPAIRED: mandibule, vomer. PAIRED: nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha Their role – formation of cavities, protect viscera, voice formation, initial portions of the gastrointerstinal and respiratory systems, insertion of muscles (mascication, head movements) Cavities: Cranial cavity, Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses Oral cavity, Orbit, (Tympanic cavity, Inner ear) Joints between the cranial bones • Synchondrosis, synostosis (cartilagineal and bony connections) • Sutures – Coronal – Sagittal – Lambdoid CALVARIA AND BASE OF THE SKULL Calvaria External aspect of calvaria Base of the skull Internal aspect of calvaria BASE OF THE SKULL (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ASPECT) FOSSAE CRANII Anterior cranial fossa MIddle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa • Posterior cranial fossa: • Anterior cranial fossa: • Occipital, temporal bones, frontal, ethmoid, lesser parietal bones wings of sphenoid • Middle cranial fossa: sphenoid, temporal bones, parietal bones BONES OF NEUROCRANIUM Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Ethmoid Sphenoid BONES OF THE SKULL SPHENOID ETHMOID SPHENOID – Form the external and internal aspect of the base of the skull – Connected to frontal, ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic, parietal, maxilla, palatine, vomer and occipital bones – Bordering the neurocranium and viscerocranium – Constitute the wall of temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae Parts of sphenoid: - Body - Greater wing - Lesser wing - Pterygoid process POSTERIOR ASPECT SUPERIOR ASPECT Body of the spenoid – sphenoidal sinus ANTERIOR ASPECT Aperture of the spenoidal sinus Opens to the nasal cavity Sphenoid Body of sphenoid: - (cuboid shape) - Posterior surface - connected to the basilary part of the occipital bone - Inferior surface - connected to vomer - Superior surface - sella turcica, tuberculum sellae, dorsum sellae, (anterior/middle/posterior clinoid process) - Anterior surface – looking to the nasal Occipital bone cavity (aperture of sphenoidal sinus) - Lateral surfaces – origin of greater wings and the position of carotic grooves Sphenoid Surfaces of the greater wing: - orbital surface - maxillar surface (around foramen rotundum) - temporal surface - infratemporal surface - cerebral surface PTERYGOID PROCESS PARTS: -lateral and medial lamina - scaphoid fossa - pterygoid fossa corpus SPHENOID - OPENINGS - superior orbital fissure - optic canal - foramen ovale - foramen rontundum - foramen spinosum - pterygoid canal ASPECTS OF SPHENOID ANTERIOR ASPECT POSTERIOR ASPECT INFERIOR ASPECT SUPERIOR ASPECT ETHMOID SUPERIOR ASPECT ANTERIOR ASPECT LATERAL ASPECT ETHMOID - irregular bone - Form the wall of orbit and nasal cavity – Connects to frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal and maxilla – The lateral massive parts contain the - labyrinth - inside cavtities (ethmoidal cells) – It forms with vomer the bony nasal septum ETHMOID Parts: - cribriform plate and foramina - perpendicular plate - orbital plate - ethmoidal labyrinth (cellulae) - superior nasal concha - middle nasal concha - crista galli ETHMOID Cribriform plate, crista galli, Ethmoid cells, orbital plate ETHMOID Perpendicular plate and crista galli ETHMOID •Superior and middle nasal concha ETHMOID Figure 7.7 ETHMOID Ethmoidal bulla Semilunar hiatus Uncinate process superior lateral Ethmoid - orbital plate CAVITIES BORDERED BY THE ETHMOID ANTERIOR CRANIAL ORBIT FOSSA Lamina papyracea Lamina papyracea (REMOVED) NASAL CAVITY Recommended note.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphology and Fracture Effects of the Hamulus Pterygoid: a Literature Review of the Last 49 Years
    Latin American Journal of Development, Curitiba, v. 3, n. 1, p. 475-487, jan./feb. 2021. ISSN 2674-9297 Morphology and fracture effects of the hamulus pterygoid: a literature review of the last 49 years Morfología y efectos de fractura del hamulus pterygoid: una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 49 años DOI: 10.46814/lajdv3n1-041 Recebimento dos originais: 30/10/2020 Aceitação para publicação: 23/12/2020 Polyanne Junqueira Silva Andresen Strini PhD, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil Address: Rio Preto Street, 178, Lídice, Uberlândia - MG Paulinne Junqueira Silva Andresen Strini PhD, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil Address: Rio Preto Street, 178, Lídice, Uberlândia - MG ABSTRACT The hamulus pterygoid consists in a relevant anatomical structure, important for fixation of several tendons and muscles, keeping the integrity of soft palate and pharynx. A literature review was conducted in order to investigate the morphology and effect of hamulus pterygoid fracture in clinical manifestation and its relationships with other orofacial components. A literature search was conducted, using Pubmed and Bireme data bases, and covering the time period 1970 to 2019. The Key words for the research were hamulus pterygoid, pterygoid fracture and hamulus pterygoid fracture, resulting in 440 articles, being 41 initials selected. Among them, just 31 were included in the analysis and 08 of the articles were not available through our library system or were in volumes before our holdings began. The remaining were excluded when they weren’t in English idiom, or when didn’t talk about morphological, functional or damages in the hamulus pterygoid.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
    N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V.
    [Show full text]
  • ANATOMY of EAR Basic Ear Anatomy
    ANATOMY OF EAR Basic Ear Anatomy • Expected outcomes • To understand the hearing mechanism • To be able to identify the structures of the ear Development of Ear 1. Pinna develops from 1st & 2nd Branchial arch (Hillocks of His). Starts at 6 Weeks & is complete by 20 weeks. 2. E.A.M. develops from dorsal end of 1st branchial arch starting at 6-8 weeks and is complete by 28 weeks. 3. Middle Ear development —Malleus & Incus develop between 6-8 weeks from 1st & 2nd branchial arch. Branchial arches & Development of Ear Dev. contd---- • T.M at 28 weeks from all 3 germinal layers . • Foot plate of stapes develops from otic capsule b/w 6- 8 weeks. • Inner ear develops from otic capsule starting at 5 weeks & is complete by 25 weeks. • Development of external/middle/inner ear is independent of each other. Development of ear External Ear • It consists of - Pinna and External auditory meatus. Pinna • It is made up of fibro elastic cartilage covered by skin and connected to the surrounding parts by ligaments and muscles. • Various landmarks on the pinna are helix, antihelix, lobule, tragus, concha, scaphoid fossa and triangular fossa • Pinna has two surfaces i.e. medial or cranial surface and a lateral surface . • Cymba concha lies between crus helix and crus antihelix. It is an important landmark for mastoid antrum. Anatomy of external ear • Landmarks of pinna Anatomy of external ear • Bat-Ear is the most common congenital anomaly of pinna in which antihelix has not developed and excessive conchal cartilage is present. • Corrections of Pinna defects are done at 6 years of age.
    [Show full text]
  • MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy
    MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology • This is a comprehensive guide of all the skull features you must know by the practical exam. • Many of these structures will be presented multiple times during upcoming labs. • This PowerPoint Handout is the resource you will use during lab when you have access to skulls. Mind, Brain & Behavior 2021 Osteology of the Skull Slide Title Slide Number Slide Title Slide Number Ethmoid Slide 3 Paranasal Sinuses Slide 19 Vomer, Nasal Bone, and Inferior Turbinate (Concha) Slide4 Paranasal Sinus Imaging Slide 20 Lacrimal and Palatine Bones Slide 5 Paranasal Sinus Imaging (Sagittal Section) Slide 21 Zygomatic Bone Slide 6 Skull Sutures Slide 22 Frontal Bone Slide 7 Foramen RevieW Slide 23 Mandible Slide 8 Skull Subdivisions Slide 24 Maxilla Slide 9 Sphenoid Bone Slide 10 Skull Subdivisions: Viscerocranium Slide 25 Temporal Bone Slide 11 Skull Subdivisions: Neurocranium Slide 26 Temporal Bone (Continued) Slide 12 Cranial Base: Cranial Fossae Slide 27 Temporal Bone (Middle Ear Cavity and Facial Canal) Slide 13 Skull Development: Intramembranous vs Endochondral Slide 28 Occipital Bone Slide 14 Ossification Structures/Spaces Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 15 Intramembranous Ossification: Fontanelles Slide 29 Structures/Apertures Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 16 Intramembranous Ossification: Craniosynostosis Slide 30 Nasal Septum Slide 17 Endochondral Ossification Slide 31 Infratemporal Fossa & Pterygopalatine Fossa Slide 18 Achondroplasia and Skull Growth Slide 32 Ethmoid • Cribriform plate/foramina
    [Show full text]
  • Sphenoid Bone and Its Sinus — Anatomo-Clinical Review of the Literature Including Application to FESS
    FOLIA MEDICA CRACOVIENSIA Vol. LIX, 2, 2019: 45–59 PL ISSN 0015-5616 DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2019.128453 Sphenoid bone and its sinus — anatomo-clinical review of the literature including application to FESS Joanna Jaworek-Troć1, Michał Zarzecki1, Anna Bonczar2, Lourdes N. Kaythampillai1, Bartosz Rutowicz1, Małgorzata Mazur1, Jacenty Urbaniak1, Wojciech Przybycień1, Katarzyna Piątek-Koziej1, Marcin Kuniewicz1, Marcin Lipski1, Wojciech Kowalski3, Janusz Skrzat1, Marios Loukas4, Jerzy Walocha1 1Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland 2K. Gibiński’s University Center of Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland 3Medical Offi ces, Kraków, Poland 4Department of Anatomy, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies Corresponding author: Jerzy Walocha, MD, PhD Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College ul. Kopernika 12, 31-034 Kraków, Poland Phone: +48 12 422 95 11; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Authors paid attention to anatomy and clinical implications which are associated with the variations of the sphenoid sinus. We discuss also anatomical structure of the sphenoid bone implementing clinical application of this bone to diff erent invasive and miniinvasive procedures (i.e. FESS). Key words: sphenoid bone, sphenoid sinus, anatomy, computer tomography, FESS. Introduction Sphenoid sinuses are pneumatic spaces lined with mucosa, located in the body of the sphenoid bone. Th eir morphology is highly variable. Th eir variability concerns: 46 Joanna Jaworek-Troć, Michał Zarzecki, et al. • Size • Shape • Number of septa • Level of pneumatization Th ere is a lack of unequivocal pattern of the sinuses, which could have been supposed as anatomically normal. Sphenoid sinuses neighbor through their walls with important anatomical structures, both nervous and vascular — this neighbourhood and anatomical composition of the sphenoid sinuses are extremely important for the surgery in these regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Craniomaxillofacial Osteosynthesis
    Atlas of Craniomaxillofacial Osteosynthesis Microplates, Miniplates,and Screws Bearbeitet von Franz Härle, Maxime Champy, Bill Terry 2nd edition 2009. Buch. ca. 240 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 13 116492 6 Format (B x L): 19,5 x 27 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Chirurgie > Mund-, Kiefer- & Gesichtschirurgie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 132 26 Craniofacial Surgery orbital ethmoidal cells are removed (Sailer and Landolt, 1987a, b). The osteotomies through all orbital walls are per- formed behind the greatest diameter of the orbital con- tents; sometimes it is necessary to connect the osteoto- mies of the median orbital wall and the orbital floor via a transconjunctival approach (Sailer, 1978). The zygomatic complex is divided transversely, in an infraorbital direc- tion (Fig. 26.3). The zygomatic osteotomy is completed below the infraorbital foramen into the piriform aperture beneath the lower turbinate, using an intraoral upper vestibular approach. A triangular piece of bone above this osteotomy is removed from both sides of the piriform aperture. Both orbits are gently mobilized by finger pres- sure and by the use of broad chisels placed into the lateral orbital osteotomy. Now, >two wires are placed within the glabela region andbothorbitsgentlypulledandpressedtogether.The fixation of the supraorbital bandeau to the orbits and the calvaria is done mostly with titanium wires.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Suture Ossification: a View from the Cranial Capsule
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-1992 Modelling Suture Ossification: A View from the Cranial Capsule Hugh Bryson Matternes University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Matternes, Hugh Bryson, "Modelling Suture Ossification: A View from the Cranial Capsule. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1992. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Hugh Bryson Matternes entitled "Modelling Suture Ossification: A View from the Cranial Capsule." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Richard L. Jantz, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Lyle W. Konigsberg, William M. Bass Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council:
    [Show full text]
  • 1 TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of The
    TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of the parts of the human body, terms of aspects and relationships, and osteological terminology are as in Terminologia Anatomica. GENERAL TERMS EXPLANANTION ADAPTATION Adjustment and change of an organism to a specific environment, due primarily to natural selection. ADAPTIVE RADIATION Divergence of an ancestral population through adaption and speciation into a number of ecological niches. ADULT Fully developed and mature individual ANAGENESIS The progressive adaption of a single evolutionary line, where the population becomes increasingly specialized to a niche that has remained fairly constant through time. ANCESTRY One’s family or ethnic descent, the evolutionary or genetic line of descent of an animal or plant / Ancestral descent or lineage ANTEMORTEM Biological processes that can result in skeletal modifications before death ANTHROPOCENTRICISM The belief that humans are the most important elements in the universe. ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human biology and behavior in the present and in the past ANTHROPOLOGIST BIOLOGICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that studies humans as a biological species FORENSIC A specialist in the use of anatomical structures and physical characteristics to identify a subject for legal purposes PHYSICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology dealing with evolutionary changes in the human bodily structure and the classification of modern races 1 SOCIAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that deals with cultural and social phenomena such as kingship systems or beliefs ANTHROPOMETRY The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison ARCHETYPE That which is taken as the blueprint for a species or higher taxonomic category ARTIFACT remains of past human activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Unilateral Upper and Lower Subtotal Maxillectomy Approaches to The
    NEUROSURGERY 46:6 | JUNE 2000 | 1416-1453 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200006000-00025 Anatomic Report Unilateral Upper and Lower Subtotal Maxillectomy Approaches to the Cranial Base: Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/neurosurgery/article-abstract/46/6/1416/2925972 by Universidad de Zaragoza user on 02 January 2020 Microsurgical Anatomy Tsutomu Hitotsumatsu, M.D., Ph.D.1, Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., M.D.1 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The relationship of the maxilla, with its thin walls, to the nasal and oral cavities, the orbit, and the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae makes it a suitable route for accessing lesions involving both the central and lateral cranial base. In this study, we compared the surgical anatomy and exposure obtained by two unilateral transmaxillary approaches, one directed through an upper subtotal maxillectomy, and the other through a lower subtotal maxillectomy. METHODS Cadaveric specimens examined, with 3 to 40× magnification, provided the material for this study. RESULTS Both upper and lower maxillectomy approaches open a surgical field extending from the ipsilateral internal carotid artery to the contralateral Eustachian tube; however, they differ in the direction of the access and the areas exposed. The lower maxillectomy opens a combination of the transmaxillary, transnasal, and transoral routes to extra- and intradural lesions of the central cranial base. Performing additional osteotomies of the mandibular coronoid process and the sphenoid pterygoid process provides anterolateral access to the lateral cranial base, including the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, and the parapharyngeal space. The upper maxillectomy opens the transmaxillary and transnasal routes to the central cranial base but not the transoral route.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferior View of Skull
    human anatomy 2016 lecture sixth Dr meethak ali ahmed neurosurgeon Inferior View Of Skull the anterior part of this aspect of skull is seen to be formed by the hard palate.The palatal process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of the palatine bones can be identified . in the midline anteriorly is the incisive fossa & foramen . posterolaterlly are greater & lesser palatine foramena. Above the posterior edge of the hard palate are the choanae(posterior nasal apertures ) . these are separated from each other by the posterior margin of the vomer & bounded laterally by the medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone . the inferior end of the medial pterygoid plate is prolonged as a curved spike of bone , the pterygoid hamulus. the superior end widens to form the scaphoid fossa . posterolateral to the lateral pterygoid plate the greater wing of the sphenoid is pieced by the large foramen ovale & small foramen spinosum . posterolateral to the foramen spinosum is spine of the sphenoid . Above the medial border of the scaphoid fossa , the sphenoid bone is pierced by pterygoid canal . Behind the spine of the sphenoid , in the interval between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone , there is agroove for the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube. The opening of the bony part of the tube can be identified. The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone & the articular tubercle form the upper articular surfaces for the temporomandibular joint . separating the mandibular fossa from the tympanic plate posteriorly is the squamotympanic fissure, through the medial end of which (petrotympanic fissure ) the chorda tympani exits from the tympanic cavity .The styloid process of the temporal bone projects downward & forward from its inferior aspect.
    [Show full text]
  • Skull / Cranium
    Important! 1. Memorizing these pages only does not guarantee the succesfull passing of the midterm test or the semifinal exam. 2. The handout has not been supervised, and I can not guarantee, that these pages are absolutely free from mistakes. If you find any, please, report to me! SKULL / CRANIUM BONES OF THE NEUROCRANIUM (7) Occipital bone (1) Sphenoid bone (1) Temporal bone (2) Frontal bone (1) Parietal bone (2) BONES OF THE VISCEROCRANIUM (15) Ethmoid bone (1) Maxilla (2) Mandible (1) Zygomatic bone (2) Nasal bone (2) Lacrimal bone (2) Inferior nasalis concha (2) Vomer (1) Palatine bone (2) Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 1 FRONTAL BONE MAIN PARTS: FRONTAL SQUAMA ORBITAL PARTS NASAL PART FRONTAL SQUAMA Parietal margin Sphenoid margin Supraorbital margin External surface Frontal tubercle Temporal surface Superciliary arch Zygomatic process Glabella Supraorbital margin Frontal notch Supraorbital foramen Internal surface Frontal crest Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus Foramen caecum ORBITAL PARTS Ethmoidal notch Cerebral surface impresiones digitatae Orbital surface Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear notch / fovea Anterior ethmoidal foramen Posterior ethmoidal foramen NASAL PART nasal spine nasal margin frontal sinus Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea 2 SPHENOID BONE MAIN PARTS: CORPUS / BODY GREATER WINGS LESSER WINGS PTERYGOID PROCESSES CORPUS / BODY Sphenoid sinus Septum of sphenoid sinus Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal concha Apertura sinus sphenoidalis / Opening of sphenoid sinus Sella turcica Hypophyseal fossa Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid process Praechiasmatic sulcus Carotid sulcus GREATER WINGS Cerebral surface • Foramen rotundum • Framen ovale • Foramen spinosum Temporal surface Infratemporalis crest Infratemporal surface Orbital surface Maxillary surface LESSER WINGS Anterior clinoid process Superior orbital fissure Optic canal PTERYGOID PROCESSES Lateral plate Medial plate Pterygoid hamulus Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid sulcus Scaphoid fossa Pterygoid notch Pterygoid canal (Vidian canal) Compiled by: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Pterygoid Hamulus Morphology Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Kaan Orhan, DDS, Phd,A,B Bayram U
    Evaluation of the pterygoid hamulus morphology using cone beam computed tomography Kaan Orhan, DDS, PhD,a,b Bayram U. Sakul, PhD,c Ulas Oz, DDS, PhD,d and Burak Bilecenoglu, DDS, PhD,e Ankara and Mersin, Turkey UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA, NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY, ANKARA UNIVERSITY, AND UFUK UNIVERSITY Objective. This study consists of anatomic research of the pterygoid hamulus (PH) using 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Study design. Three hundred ninety-six sides in the CBCT scans of 198 (115 men and 83 women) patients were retrospectively analyzed. DICOM data of the patients were transferred to a surface-rendering software so as to generate 3D hard tissue surface representations of PHs. The width, length, angle, and the distance between posterior nasal spine and tip of the PH were measured. In addition, the inclinations of PHs were also evaluated in sagittal and coronal planes of the 3D images. Pearson ␹2 and Student t test were performed for statistical analysis among age, localization, and measurements (P Ͻ .05). Results. The mean PH measurements of left and right sides were 1.72 (SD 0.94) and 1.87 (SD 1.17)-mm width, and the lengths were 5.48 (AD 1.94), and 5.40 (SD 2.0) mm, respectively, with no significant difference (P Ͼ .05). All PHs were inclined toward the lateral side in the coronal plane, whereas PHs tended to incline toward the posterior rather than anterior in the sagittal plane (ϳ78%). The results showed no statistically significant differences among age, localization, and measurements of PHs (P Ͼ .05).
    [Show full text]