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Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine a Quarterly Journal Central Szczecin University Department of Physical Education Eur and Health Promotion opean 1/2016 Journal of Spor t Sciences and Medicine Central European Journal V ol. 13, No. 1/2016 of Sport Sciences and Medicine ISSN 2300-9705 71-101 Szczecin, ul. Mickiewicza 66 tel. 91 444 20 06, tel./faks 91 444 21 52 e-mail: [email protected] www.wn.usz.edu.pl 9 7 7 2 3 0 0 9 7 0 6 0 4 0 1 SCIENTIFIC BOARD Ildus Ahmetov (Russia) Gennadyj Arzjutow (Ukraine) Elena Bendíková (Slovakia) Malcolm Collins (RPA) Nir Eynon (Australia) Olga Fedotovskaya (Russia) Ricadro Fernandes (Portugal) Karol Görner (Slovakia) Nijole Jascaniene (Lithuania) Erdmann Jeremy (USA) Michale Kalinski (USA) Joanna Kruk (Poland) Mehmet Kutlu (Turkey) Agnieszka Maciejewska (Poland) Susan Muller (USA) Wiesław Osiński (Poland) Michael Posthumus (RPA) Juozas Saplinskas (Lithuania) Stanisław Sawczyn (Poland) Albertas Skurvydas (Lithuania) Katarzyna Sygit (Poland) Marian Sygit (Poland) Wołodymyr Tkaczuk (Ukraine) Teresa Zwierko (Poland) Scientific EDITOR | Jerzy Eider TOPIC EDITORS | Monika Chudecka, Paweł Cięszczyk, Robert Nowak, Marta Stępień-Słodkowska TECHNICAL EDITOR | Joanna Latka LANGUAGE EDITOR | Matthew Potts STATISTICS EDITOR | Mariusz Kaczmarczyk EDITORIAL OFFICE University of Szczecin Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion Al. Piastów 40B, building 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland SECRETARIAT Joanna Latka e-mail: [email protected] FUNDING BODY Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion University of Szczecin, Poland TEXT Design and Technical editorial | Wiesława Mazurkiewicz COVER DESIGN | Agnieszka Nawrocka Print edition is the original published version of the journal Indexed in: AGRO, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, PSJD, SafetyLit The names of the reviewers are available on the journal’s website: www.cejssm.usz.edu.pl © Copyright by Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin 2016 ISSN 2300-9705 PUBLISHER | Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine a quarterly journal University of Szczecin Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion Vol. 13, No. 1/2016 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine | Vol. 13, No. 1/2016 Contents Ram Haddas A NOVEL METHOD FOR CALcuLATION OF KNEE DEFOrmaTION ANGLES IN CLINIcaL anD SPORT BIOMEchanIcs 5–13 Thomas Heinen, Natalie Czogalla SHORT COmmunIcaTION: ThE ROLE OF DIffERENT BODY-RELATED VIsuaL CUES IN SYnchrONIZED TrampOLINING 15–21 Maja Czerwińska, Joanna Hołowko, Dominika Maciejewska, Paweł Wysokiński, Krzysztof Ficek, Paweł Wilk, Ewa Stachowska CALORIC RESTRICTION DIET (CR DIET) OR MEDITErranEan DIET (MD) – WHich iS the Best CHoice For Former AtHlEtes? 23–35 Mariola radzińska, leonard Nowak, Maria Alicja Nowak MOTIVES FOR COmmEncING STUDIES anD EXPECTATIOns COncErnING PROFEssIOnaL COmpETEncE iN StudentS who Practice, Used to Practice or HAvE NEvEr Practiced SPortS 37–47 Angus Gaedtke, tobias Morat EffectS oF Two 12-week Strengthening ProGrammes oN Functional MoBility, StrengtH and BAlance oF older ADultS: CompariSoN between TRX SuspensioN trAiNing vErSuS an ElastiC Band ResiStance trAiNing 49–64 Michał Wilk, Małgorzata Michalczyk, Jakub Chycki, Adam Maszczyk, Miłosz Czuba, robert roczniok, Artur Gołaś, Adam Zając EnDOcrINE REspOnsES TO PHYSIcaL TraINING anD TrIbuLus TErrESTRIS SuppLEMEMTATION iN MiddlE-Age Men 65–71 Julia Kruszyniewicz, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, radosław Sroka, Grażyna Adler The AnalgesiC Efficacy oF KinesioloGy Taping iN DElAyed Onset MusclE Soreness (DoMS) 73–79 Katarzyna Przybyła, Aleksandra Żebrowska, Anna Posmysz, Beata Manowska, ilona Pokora, Agata Żak LONG-DISTancE RunnING anD ITS EffECTS ON CarDIOREspIraTORY ADapTATION and PHySioloGical StrAiN iN MArAtHoN runnerS 81–87 Paweł Wolański, Marek Zatoń, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz ThE InfLUEncE OF DIffERENT TYPES OF REST ON FOOTbaLL PLAYERS’ ABILITY to Repeat PHosphagen ExerCise 89–99 3 Contents Alicja Drohomirecka, Justyna Wojciuszkiewicz OpiNioN about ExerCises iN WAtEr and lifestylE oF Women Attending AquA AEroBics Classes 101–108 Małgorzata Paczyńska-Jędrycka, Wioletta Łubkowska NON-FOrmaL EDucaTION IN THE ANImaTION OF LEIsurE anD REcrEATION vErSuS the DEvElopment oF SoCiAl Competence 109–115 Anna Deskur, Zbigniew Deskur The ResultS oF EArly and DElAyed treatment oF Injuries oF the EXtensor Tendons oF the FingerS iN Own MAtEriAl 117–122 Józef Bergier, Barbara Bergier, Ewelina Niźnikowska, Ján Junger, Ács Pongrác, Karel Frömel, Adam Szepeluk ThE DIVERSITY OF THE PLacE OF RESIDEncE OF STUDENTS anD THEIR LEVEL OF PHYSIcaL ACTIVITY 123–132 Maciej Łuczak DoPing iN SPort: The Case oF Fencing 133–142 Iwona Pawelec A SubjectivE Assessment oF Accident risk iN Downhill SKiing By Beginner SKiErS and SKi InstruCtorS 143–151 4 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine | Vol. 13, No. 1/2016: 5–13 | DOI: 10.18276/cej.2016.1-01 A NoveL METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF Knee DEFORmaTION ANGLes IN CLinicaL and SPORT BiomecHanics Ram Haddas texas Back institute research Foundation, Plano, tX, uSA Address for correspondence: Dr. Ram Haddas, PhD texas Back institute research Foundation, Plano, tX, uSA 6020 W Parker rd, Suite 200, Plano, tX 75039-8172 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Biomechanical analyses seek to improve understanding of the mechanisms of knee injury and to find ways to reduce knee injury incidence. Many clinical biomechanics researchers use a standard kinematic adopted from Newington Children’s Hospital. Biomechanical studies include the knee joint configurations, where joint architecture immutably constrains and guides movement outcomes. Investigators will default to reporting resultant joint deformation without considering the influence of joint architectural configurations on kinematic responses. the purpose of this study was to develop a new joint angular kinematic method that accounts for influence of dynamic joint architectural configuration on deformation values. twenty subjects performed unloaded dynamic flexion/ extension and 45° cutting maneuver. the knee deformation angles obtained with the new method proposed were compared with the values that obtained using the standard method. one way repeated measurement ANOVA’s was used to compare knee deformation angles values from the standard method that uses a static trial and the new method that uses a dynamic trial. The proposed method distinguishes between dynamic joint architectural configuration and joint deformation. loaded standard abduction/adduction (β) and rotation (γ) angles were 3.4 ±1.8° and 11.2 ±3.8°, respectively. using the new method, the β and γ angles decrease to 1.5 ±1.4° (<0.05) and 7.1 ±1.8° (<0.05) during cutting. the new method accounted for dynamic joint architectural configuration produced loaded β and γ angles that had smaller magnitudes than the standard method, suggesting that previous studies may have overestimated β and γ angles. injury management strategies could be influenced by a consideration for dynamic joint architectural configuration. Such a consideration could influence ligament repair strategies. Future studies should account for dynamic configuration when establishing the influence of joint deformation on graft design and appropriate isometry values during reconstruction. Key words: Knee Deformation, Joint Architecture, Knee injuries, Kinematic, orthopaedic Surgery, Cutting Maneuver Introduction Knee injuries are common in daily and exercise activities and amount to between 12% and 19% of all injuries (Arendt, Dick, 1995; Swenson et al., 2013). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACl) injuries create substantial financial impact with costs related to orthopaedic care and rehabilitation in the united States reaching approximately $850 million each year. (Di Stasi, Myer, Hewett, 2013; Griffin, Agel, Albohm, 2000) Additional evidence suggests that when the knee is flexed less than 40° represents the most unprotected range for ACl tears as consistently Vol. 13, No. 1/2016 5 Ram Haddas reported in cadaveric (Kanamori, Woo, Ma, 2000; Markolf, o’Neil, Jackson, 2004), in vivo (Heijne, Fleming, renstrom, 2004; Pedowitz, o’Connor, Akeson, 2003) and computer simulation (Pandy, Shelburne, 1997; Pflum, Shelburne, & torry, 2004) studies of ACl strain or force. Biomechanical analyses seek to improve understanding of the mechanisms of knee injury and to find ways to reduce knee injury incidence (Di Stasi et al., 2013; Haddas, James, Hooper, 2015; Haddas, yang, Sizer, 2015; Jung et al., 2013; liu-Barba, Hull, Howell, 2007; Patzkowski et al., 2012). these biomechanical studies usually include analysis of knee joint deformation, where joint architecture immutably constrains and guides movement outcomes (liu-Barba et al., 2007; Wilson, Feikes, Zavatsky, o’Connor, 2000). Second, they attempt to assess resultant knee joint torques that could produce joint deformation, or changes in the architecture that could change the movement outcomes (Besier, lloyd, Ackland, Cochrane, 2001; liu-Barba et al., 2007; uygur, richards, Jaric, Freitas, Barlow, 2009). Deformation defines as segment change in orientation as a result of the application of external stress to it, which cause increase/decrease in angular movement (Schafer, 1987). unfortunately, investigators will default to reporting resultant joint deformation without considering the influence of joint architectural configurations caused by bone structure, articular cartilage, muscles and ligaments on kinematic responses (Chow, Hemleben, Stokic, 2009; Ferber, Davis, Williams,
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