TRADE IMPACT FOR GOOD

Annual Report 2015 ITC is the only international agency fully dedicated to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Working with partners to strengthen the competitiveness of SME exporters, we help to build vibrant, sustainable export sectors that provide entrepreneurial opportunities, particularly for women, young people and poor communities.

II INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE © shutterstock.com Trade impact for good

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 1 Contents

Foreword 4 The Global Goals for Sustainable Development are ITC’s Goals 6 The Global Context 8

ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER 12 Providing Trade and Market Intelligence 16 Building a Conducive Business Environment 25 Strengthening Trade and Investment Support Institutions 34 Connecting to International Value Chains 41 Promoting and Mainstreaming Inclusive and Green Trade 50 Supporting Regional Economic Integration and South-South links 62

CORPORATE RESULTS 68 Corporate Governance 70 Evaluation and Performance 71 Financial Overview 76 Human Resource Management 79 Communication and Outreach 81 Major ITC Events 83 Partnerships in 2014 86

APPENDICES 93 APPENDIX I: ITC Focus Areas and Programmes 94 APPENDIX II: ITC Technical Cooperation by Region and Focus Area 95 APPENDIX III: ITC Country and Regional Projects and Programmes by Country 102 APPENDIX IV: ITC Needs Assessment and Project Design in 2015 by Region 113 APPENDIX V: Profile of ITC Staff 115 APPENDIX VI: Distribution of Assignments by Nationality and Gender of Experts, 2015 116 APPENDIX VII: Schedule of Voluntary Contributions to the ITC Trust Fund 120

2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE Case Studies

PROVIDING TRADE AND MARKET INTELLIGENCE 20 22 Trade information portal Helping Mauritian and customized training for businesses overcome Malawian businesses and non-tariff measures policymakers

BUILDING A CONDUCIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 28 30 32 Trade-led growth Supporting Supporting SME- in Myanmar: countries in the friendly implementation from strategy to WTO accession of the WTO Trade implementation process and beyond Facilitation Agreement

STRENGTHENING TRADE AND INVESTMENT SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS 36 38

Helping women traders Getting a fair deal for cross borders securely, Papua New Guinea’s smoothly – and formally ‘bilum mamas’

CONNECTING TO INTERNATIONAL VALUE CHAINS 44 46 48 Using services trade Small investments E-Solutions to drive economic yield big rewards for to connect transformation: cashew exports from Moroccan SMEs Bangladesh’s IT sector Benin and the Gambia to global markets

PROMOTING AND MAINSTREAMING INCLUSIVE AND GREEN TRADE 56 58 60 Empowering women Harnessing cocoa in Madagascar through trade to improve Leveraging technology climate-smart raffia livelihoods, protect for sustainable food production biodiversity in Peru systems

SUPPORTING REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND SOUTH-SOUTH LINKS 64 66 Forging new trade and In Morocco, halal investment connections certification opens between East Africa the door to new and India markets

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 3 Foreword

2015 was a landmark year for the international community. After laying the groundwork for development financing in Addis Ababa, the United Nations in September adopted the Global Goals for Sustainable Development. In December, the Paris climate conference reached a global deal to curb climate change. The World Trade Organization’s ministerial in Nairobi confirmed that governments could work together multilaterally to create new trade opportunities. Yet the policy achievements of 2015 are but an important beginning. Pledging to end extreme poverty and place economies on a more sustainable and socially equitable footing is important. Delivering is imperative. The Paris Agreement will only achieve decarbonization if governments, business, and individuals collaborate to progressively 4 decrease emissions. And making trade possible by creating new market opportunities for developing countries only improves people’s living standards when companies – as women or the poor, to connect to international markets in especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – are a sustainable manner. able to take advantage of the opportunities and make trade Last year, ITC delivered a record level of technical happen. assistance, capacity support and market intelligence, with Operationalizing these new frameworks is the task of the extra-budgetary expenditures reaching US$55.3 million, the global community in the decade to come, and the highest figure in the organization’s history. International Trade Centre stands ready to contribute. We In this report, you will find a general overview of these have already aligned our programmes to the new Global activities, which spanned the six focus areas of our work. A Goals. Our work will centre on supporting the private sector dozen case studies provide an in-depth look at the to maximise the potential of trade to generate broad-based organization’s solution-oriented approaches for helping increases in income and life opportunities. In other words, to businesses, governments, and TISIs overcome challenges create trade impact for good. impeding trade performance. As is evident from these case The new Global Goals rightly recognize trade to be a critical studies, ITC interventions often cut across multiple areas of enabler of lasting growth and job creation in developing our work. Three further stories, under the heading ‘ITC countries, especially in least developed countries (LDCs) Innovates’, describe cutting-edge new initiatives that we and small and vulnerable states. But as this report notes, anticipate will deliver considerable results in the future. One the current international context for trade-led growth of them, a mobile app- and geolocation-based professional necessitates more proactive policies and investments to network for farmers to map their location and sustainability foster SME integration into value chains. performance, would simply not have been technologically feasible only a few years ago. To contribute to these policies and investments, ITC provides policymakers, the private sector, and trade and Constant innovation to better serve our clients is an ITC investment support institutions (TISIs) with action-oriented hallmark that extends well beyond project design. Last year research and empirical analysis, while implementing was no exception. Institutionally, the transition to a projects and programmes to enable SMEs, especially those programme-based approach to conceptualizing and operating among disadvantaged sections of society such organizing our interventions promises to increase

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5 6

1. ITC Executive Director Arancha González and Amina C. Mohamed, Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kenya, launch the SheTrades app, Nairobi 2. Visit to Ethical Fashion Artisans EPZ Ltd, Athi River Export Processing Zone, Kenya 3. Arancha González speaking at the UN General Assembly, New York 4. UNCTAD Secretary-General Mukhisa Kituyi at the 49th Joint Advisory Group meeting 5. Sheikh Abdullah Bin Nasser bin Khalifa al-Thani, Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of the State of Qatar opening WEDF 2015, Doha 6. Open Day for La Francophonie, Geneva managerial effectiveness and the coherence of our project pledges that contribute to this goal. ITC itself has pledged to portfolio. We are developing new approaches to measuring ensure that 40% of our interventions benefit women. the impact of our work. In terms of human resources, ITC The thread connecting the three initiatives is that each will last year set itself targets for achieving gender balance at all make it easier and more affordable for businesses and professional levels, which would place us among the top governments everywhere to pursue objectives that ITC performers in the UN family. A new ‘innovation lab’ is shares, from bolstering SME competitiveness to promoting contributing to fostering a culture of innovation throughout women’s economic empowerment. the organization. In recent years, ITC has responded to challenges by Several new initiatives that we expect will serve as force seeking to do more and do it better. I am happy to report multipliers of our work for years to come began in 2015. that in 2015, we rose to the occasion once again. And Our new annual flagship research report, the SME perhaps even more significantly, we set the stage for our Competitiveness Outlook, looks at the factors affecting the partners to multiply the impact of our work into the future. international competitiveness of SMEs. The idea is to enable policymakers, the private sector and their partners to target reforms where they will yield the highest impact in terms of improved SME trade performance and, ultimately, inclusive growth. Working with Google, Brazilian technology giant CI&T and a small Kenyan startup, we launched SheTrades, an app that will help women-owned businesses connect to potential buyers around the world. Finally, we issued a Call Arancha González to Action to connect one million female entrepreneurs to Executive Director markets by 2020, setting out a framework for companies, governments, and other organizations to make measurable

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 5 The Global Goals for Sustainable Development are ITC’s Goals

The Global Goals for Sustainable Development represent a ITC contributes to the Global Goals via its support to SME universal, global development agenda for all United Nations international competitiveness for inclusive and sustainable member states and all development actors until 2030. They growth through value addition, trade, investment and global consist of an integrated, interlinked set of 17 goals partnerships. It has systems in place to monitor results and supported by 169 targets in economic, social and assists the global community in tracking advances towards environmental development dimensions. ITC directly achievement of the Global Goals. A code of conduct guides supports 10 Global Goals. ITC interventions.

TRADE

FOCUS AREAS

Providing trade and Trade and market intelligence investment support institutions Building a conducive business environment

Strengthening trade and Small and investment support institutions SME international medium-sized competitiveness enterprises Connecting to international value chains

Promoting and mainstreaming TRADE-RELATED NEEDS TRADE-RELATED inclusive and green trade Policymakers

Supporting regional economic integration and South-South links

6 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE GOAL 1

ƒƒ Reduce proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty. ƒƒ Create sound policy frameworks based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies.

GOAL 2

ƒƒ Double productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women. ƒƒ Provide access to knowledge, markets and opportunities for value addition. ƒƒ Ensure sustainable food production systems.

GOAL 4

ƒƒ Ensure youth and adults have relevant skills for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship.

GOAL 5

ƒƒ Ensure women’s full and effective participation in business and trade and equal opportunities. ƒƒ Support women’s equal rights to economic resources. ƒƒ Enhance use of enabling technology to promote the empowerment of women.

GOAL 8

ƒƒ Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation. ƒƒ Promote policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation. ƒƒ Encourage formalization and growth of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. ƒƒ Implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products. ƒƒ Increase Aid for Trade support.

GOAL 9

ƒƒ Ensure a conducive policy environment for industrial diversification and value addition. ƒƒ Increase access of SMEs to financial services and integration into value chains and markets.

GOAL 10

ƒƒ Achieve income growth of the bottom 40%. ƒƒ Implement special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with WTO agreements.

GOAL 12

ƒƒ Achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. ƒƒ Support companies in adopting sustainable practices and integrating sustainability information into their reporting cycles.

GOAL 16

ƒƒ Support effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels. ƒƒ Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making. ƒƒ Ensure participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance.

GOAL 17

ƒƒ Ensure a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the WTO. ƒƒ Support significantly increased exports of developing countries, doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 7 © shutterstock.com

The Global Context

World trade growth remains subdued mining investments approved when prices were higher, caused commodity prices to plunge in 2015. These trends, World trade growth in 2015 remained well below recent combined with high public and private sector debt in many historical standards. Global exports of goods and services developed and some developing countries, cooled market grew at 2.8%, lower than the 3.4% rate registered the year sentiment and with it the robustness of world output. before, making 2015 the fourth consecutive year in which Economists have suggested that much of the recent global export growth fell below the 25-year average of 5.9%. deceleration in trade relative to output growth has been Exports of commercial services continued to outstrip structural, the result of shortening value chains as merchandise trade growth, highlighting the increasingly manufacturers in key developing economies increasingly important role services are playing in supporting economic source parts from domestic factories rather than from activity. In 2016, global export growth is projected to rise to abroad. For the year 2015, however, the World Bank and the 3.0%, with the risks firmly on the downside (all figures in International Monetary Fund estimate that two-thirds of the volume terms). trade growth slowdown was due to cyclical factors, above Goods and services export growth in developed economies all weak import demand in Asia. stagnated in 2015, declining by 0.1 percentage points to The implications for global trade are significant. In the first 3.4%. For developing economies, trade growth slowed from and second quarters of 2015, developing countries’ 3.1% in 2014 to 1.7%, the lowest annual growth rate since combined import demand fell sharply; developed country 2009 and well below the 10-year average of 6.3%. The low demand also fell, albeit by less. Low oil prices, which in growth figure reflects a collapse in export growth in the importing countries put more money in consumers’ and second quarter of 2015 and a weaker than expected businesses’ pockets, proved unable to fully offset this drop rebound, underscoring the challenges facing developing in demand. economies. A longer-term concern for developed countries is Global output growth in 2015 remained moderate at 3.1%, persistently low productivity growth, dampening their growth down 0.3 percentage points from 2014. Several factors have potential. Meanwhile, for developing economies, the pace of suppressed a return to growth rates seen before the 2008- productivity ‘catch-up’ to developed country levels has 09 financial crisis. Throughout 2015, the prospect of tighter slowed, and income inequality has grown. monetary policy in the United States led to large capital flows out of many developing countries, complicating business decisions. China’s continuing shift from investment-led to consumption-led growth dampened global demand for commodities, especially metals. Lower demand, coupled with new production coming online from

8 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE World export of goods (volume) Growth rates Index (2000=100) % change Developed countries Developing countries 200 20% 4.0

175 15% 3.0

150 10% 2.0

125 5% 1.0 100 0% 0.0 75

-5% -1.0 50

25 -10% -2.0

0 -15% -3.0 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Q4 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

FIGURE 1 Global trade growth: medium- and short-term trends

Left Panel: World export trends, 2000-2015. (left axis) Percentage change of year-on-year export volumes. (right axis) Index of world export volumes where 2000=100. Source: International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook, April 2016. Right panel: Quarterly merchandise export growth volumes for developed and developing economies (seasonally adjusted). Source: World Trade Organization.

SMEs and trade critical to inclusive growth more productive than small companies. The gap translates to low wages and living standards for workers at these firms. If the economic context in 2015 remained generally in line Reducing these productivity gaps – through policies with the past few years, the overarching political context for designed to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs – would trade and development saw a marked shift, with the United narrow income inequality, a topic now at the forefront of Nations’ adoption in September of the Sustainable policymakers’ agendas. Internationalizing – tapping into Development Goals (SDGs). The Global Goals’ 17-point international trade and investment flows by either trading agenda, which will guide global policy for the next decade directly or selling to companies that do – can contribute and a half, emphatically recognizes trade as an “engine for to bridging the productivity divide. inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction.” The targets behind the goals call for increasing aid for trade Connectivity, business environment key for and boosting exports from developing and especially least SMEs to bridge productivity gap developed countries (LDCs). Identifying where the largest gaps between SMEs and large Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can play a firms lie is an important mission for ITC, since it is a central role in boosting productivity in developing countries prerequisite for targeted action to close the gaps. and achieving the goals of quality job creation and broad- based, equitable growth. This role was the focus of ITC’s The 2015 SME Competitiveness Outlook shows that the inaugural flagship research report, the SME Competitiveness capability gaps between SMEs and large firms are often Outlook, which makes the case that SMEs are the missing widest in LDCs. One important reason for this is differences link to inclusive growth. in businesses’ connectivity performance. For example, a large firm in an LDC is around 3.7 times more likely than a Globally, SMEs make up over 95% of all firms, and account small firm to have its own website, compared to 1.4 times in for approximately 50% of GDP and as much as 70% of total the developed world. Sub-Saharan countries are marked by employment when both formal and informal SMEs are taken some of the lowest connectivity scores of all: less than 20% into account. This amounts to somewhere between 420 of small firms own a business website. million and 510 million SMEs, of which over 300 million are in emerging markets. Even when SMEs themselves are relatively high-performing, weak business environments can undermine their But SMEs in the developing world are significantly less competitiveness. On measures of firm-level capabilities, productive relative to large firms than their counterparts in medium-sized firms in Latin America and the Caribbean developed countries. The productivity gap between large perform on par with those in Eastern Europe and Central and small firms in developing countries is often double the Asia. However, mediocre scores at the level of the national productivity gap in industrialized countries. Indeed, in some business environment bring the competitiveness of these developing countries, large companies are up to 10 times firms down.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 9 SME Competitiveness Outlook: ITC’s new annual flagship research report

To bring fresh evidence and analysis to bear on how to make The approach makes it possible to understand whether SMEs more competitive, ITC in 2015 launched the SME strengths and weaknesses lie at the firm level, in the Competitiveness Outlook. Every year, the report will shed immediate business environment or at the national level. light on the varied factors holding back SMEs in different This will enable policymakers and their domestic and countries and regions. By directing attention to the most international partners to better understand where to focus pressing constraints on SME success, the report will enable their efforts to increase SME competitiveness. policymakers, the private sector and their partners to target The 2016 edition of the SME Competitiveness Outlook will reforms and investments where they will be most effective. examine the role standards and regulations play in both Boosting productivity, and therefore competitiveness, supporting and inhibiting SME internationalization. requires action on many fronts. The inaugural SME Complying with standards can be a gateway to new markets, Competitiveness Outlook first understands the most critical but if SMEs are unaware of the existence of relevant factors underpinning SME success, and then distributes standards, or are unable to meet or demonstrate compliance them systematically across three key pillars: the ability of with them, international markets are effectively closed to their SMEs to connect, compete and change. This means having products. Similar logic applies to services companies and the ability to connect to business information, maintain or regulatory requirements in target markets. enhance productivity, and having the capacity to adapt to Subsequent editions of the report will deepen and update new market conditions. The report then analyses these its quantitative analysis of country performance across key determinants of SME competitiveness at the level of indicators of SME competitiveness, enabling readers to companies, their immediate business environment, track progress over time. and national policy.

10 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE © shutterstock.com

Workers’ skills are critical determinants of businesses’ capacity to adapt to changing market conditions. Firms and governments alike can do more to train current and future workers. Obtaining internationally recognized quality certificates smooth the path for SMEs to connect to international value chains, but SMEs around the world struggle to cover the costs and meet the procedural requirements such certification entails. Here, too, governments and the private sector can both work to simplify the standards themselves and to upgrade the ecosystem of support institutions to lower certification- related transaction costs. In an external environment that has become less supportive of trade-led growth and job creation, identifying and remedying weaknesses in the SME sector will help promote growth that is widely shared across all segments of society. Inclusive growth, in turn, will be central to meeting the SDGs, which call for eliminating extreme poverty by 2030 and creating economic opportunities for all.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 11 © shutterstock.com ITC Interventions: Doing More, Better WHAT ITC DELIVERED IN 2015 ITC sets performance targets for two-year periods based on available information about technical assistance priorities and funding. These targets are adjusted through annual ‘Operational Plans’ to reflect changing conditions, such as shifts in funding availability, new projects coming online, and efficiency gains in ITC’s delivery. After meeting and exceeding all targets in 2014, the targets for 2015 were revised substantially upwards. ITC has by and large met these higher targets. The two TISI-related indicators for which the revised targets were not achieved reflect a handful of projects where anticipated funding did not materialize.

Integrating businesses into the global economy through trade intelligence and policy support

167 081 3 288 104 additional users of trade additional clients indicating ITC additional instances in which intelligence tools saying support helped them understand the ITC analysis and support enabled ITC support helped decision trading system and enabled decision decision makers to incorporate makers integrate trade into makers to create an environment business sector views into their national development strategies conducive to business positions in trade negotiations (revised: 175 000; original: 76 500) (revised: 2 200; original: 1 000) (revised: 110; original: 63)

Enhancing trade and investment support institutions (TISIs) and policies

309 123 153 TISIs indicated ITC support institutions reported institutions reported ITC helped them improve managerial improvements resulting from contributed to improved performance and/or support membership in ITC-supported trade promotion and export services for SMEs networks development policies (revised: 400; original: 60) (revised: 150; original: 43) (revised: 150; original: 43)

Strengthening enterprise export capacity

774 1 012 1 127 758

additional enterprises additional additional enterprises additional women-owned indicated ITC training enterprises became met potential buyers enterprises ITC helped to enabled them to formulate export-ready through through ITC support, improve export-related sound international business ITC training and transacted business skills or connect to strategies (revised: 1 100; as a result potential new buyers (revised: 785; original: 650) original 950) (revised: 1 000; original 800) (revised: 400; original 350)

14 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE ITC outputs

ITC achieves its project and programme outcomes and impact through the outputs ITC delivers. All 2015 output indicators are at or above the year-end targets.

1 144 853 Advisory services Workshops (revised: 950; original: 800) (revised: 500; original: 350)

25 558 39 Workshop participants Publications (revised: 25 000; original: 10 550) (revised: 39; original: 39)

247 4 903 Other substantive SME Trade Academy activities participants (revised: 250; original: 222) (revised: 3 000; original: 3 000)

Key performance indicators US$96.3 million The below indicators track ITC’s delivery of technical assistance and work to enhance effectiveness. ITC’s largest-ever delivery Voluntary contributions for 2016 were lower than across all budgets anticipated, as the refugee crisis has affected the allocation of development aid envelopes. (target: US$100 million)

US$1.2 million US$262 million of business development funds invested in pipeline projects laying in innovating new project models foundation for future growth (target: US$1 million) (target: US$250 million)

US$48.7 million Funds raised for 2016 (target: US$70 million)

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 15 © shutterstock.com

Providing Trade and Market Intelligence

Transparency in Trade Highlights

Partnering with national institutions and other international The ITC Transparency in Trade Programme aims to improve partners, the Transparency in Trade programme in 2015 built the trade and investment decisions of companies, notably capacity for strategic trade analysis and export market small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), trade and research in over 90 developing and least developed investment support institutions (TISIs) and policymakers. countries, reaching over 2,200 individuals through face-to- In particular, it assists SMEs in better targeting their products face or webinar-based training. For example, 294 small towards the most promising markets, and in diversifying and traders in Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda, Senegal, adding value to their products. ITC has developed a suite of Sierra Leone and Tanzania increased their skills in market online tools and databases to make global trade more analysis and sustainability standards. E-learning content on transparent and facilitate access to new markets. how to use ITC market analysis tools was downloaded more than 40,000 times. Key results In 2015, ITC launched a new tool, Procurement Map, to help businesses, especially SMEs, bid for public US$286 million in trade transactions procurement contracts around the world. The tool lists enabled by ITC market intelligence tools public tenders from around the world, and indicates when countries have procurement policies that favour women- Over 500 000 registered users owned businesses or SMEs. of ITC market intelligence tools (17% more than in 2014) Under the Export Potential Map project, ITC has developed a methodology for policymakers and TISIs to identify Over 130 000 public tenders made easily products and sectors with high export potential, based on accessible via new Procurement Map tool national trade performance, comparable countries’ export baskets, market demand and market access conditions. 187 voluntary standards, codes of Where data permits, the methodology, which has been conduct and audit protocols referenced applied to 64 countries, also flags sectors marked by high on Standards Map female labour or SME participation or particular environmental considerations. Over 1 000 individuals and businesses used ITC developed two new web-based tools, the Sustainable Standards Map to generate diagnostic reports Spices Initiative (SSI) and Floriculture Sustainability spelling out requirements for compliance Initiative (FSI), which review and compare standards for spices and flowers respectively, enabling supply chain ITC Trade Map rated by Google PageRank actors to benchmark their own performance against market as top website for trade-related information requirements. Over 1,000 individual and business users of Standards Map used the tool’s new features to generate

16 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1. Training, Detection of Outliers and Computing Trade Indices, Jamaica 2. Launch of Non-tariff Measures surveys, Dominican Republic 3. Port inspector controlling cargo distribution © shutterstock.com

diagnostic reports enabling them to determine necessary Key results adjustments and investments to meet the requirements of particular standards. Reduced trade costs in Mauritius and Malawi In a November 2015 survey of ITC’s market analysis tools from simplified trade-related administrative users, 94% of respondents said the tools had helped them procedures better understand trade related issues. Companies reported trade turnover totalling US$286 million facilitated by the tools 9 200 SME exporters and importers from and market analysis services. Among TISI users, over 90% of 39 countries surveyed about regulatory and respondents said their trade-related services had improved. procedural trade obstacles they face In addition, 87% of policymakers said the ITC tools had helped them make better informed trade policy decisions. Survey results for 25 countries ITC market analysis tools are routinely referenced – more than available at www.ntmsurvey.org 3 times per week on average – by major international media such as Reuters, Bloomberg and the Financial Times. NTM data for 90 countries publicly In 2015, ITC set up the EuroMed Trade and Investment available on ITC Market Access Map Facilitation Mechanism, a trade information portal for TISIs to share trade intelligence and respond to business enquiries, making market access, trade data and trade procedures 2 700 downloads of transparent for eight countries in the Southern Mediterranean NTM-related publications region (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey). In Malawi, the National Statistical Office used ITC support to Highlights strengthen its capacity to analyse trade data. A key TISI, the Malawi Investment and Trade Centre launched a new trade Based on information revealed through the NTM survey and information portal (see case study). the Trade Obstacles Alert Mechanism, Mauritius has eliminated 28 permit requirements related to imports and exports (see case study). The government’s 2015-2016 Non-Tariff Measures in Goods budget programme plans to abolish a total of 70 such and Services permits now deemed obsolete, and to automatically renew or extend the validity of other types of licenses. This will further simplify administrative procedures for traders. The Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) Programme brings the concerns of SMEs about regulatory and procedural trade To increase awareness of the obstacles to trade that SMEs obstacles to the attention of policymakers and other stake- experience, ITC uses participatory meetings that bring holders, enabling concrete, specific responses. It increases together businesses with policymakers and other the transparency of NTMs through company-level data stakeholders. In 2015, such public-private dialogues were collection and dissemination and provides thought leadership successfully used in Bangladesh, Colombia and through applied research and analysis. In 2015, the NTM Madagascar to identify potential for reducing trade costs programme continued to contribute to evidence-based policy domestically and in key trading partners. NTM surveys were making and reduced trade cost in various countries. launched in the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia,

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 17 ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1. SME Trade Academy stand at ‘e Learning Africa 2015’, Ethiopia 2. © shutterstock.com 3. eLearning demonstration, 5th Global Review of Aid for Trade, WTO

of the survey data, which makes possible comparative Steady expansion for SME Trade Academy analysis and research to inform policymaking, regional integration efforts, and trade negotiations, as well as the design of trade-related technical assistance. One such 80 e-learning course paper, published in October 2015, summarizes the sessions delivered obstacles to intra-Arab trade reported by exporters in surveyed Arab countries. Over 4 900 participants from 155 countries 25% from LDCs Competitive Intelligence 47% women The Competitive Intelligence Programme delivers training, 33% from the private sector advice and online solutions to strengthen the capacity of TISIs to gather and distribute to clients customized 21% from TISIs intelligence about their competitive environment. It assists small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to define their information needs and use the information to identify In addition to expanding its issue coverage and the opportunities and anticipate risks. number of course participants, 2015 featured new partnerships between ITC’s SME Trade Academy and

institutions including the trade promotion agency Key results Switzerland Global Enterprise, the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, and the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International and Development 2 national trade intelligence Studies. The SME Trade Academy also collaborated portals developed to enhance SME with Columbia University and Kent State University on access to market information in Malawi and e-learning curriculum development and enhanced Zimbabwe outreach. 89 000 page views for Market Insider, ITC’s real-time intelligence service on trends the European Union, Jordan, Mali, Kyrgyzstan, Seychelles in the agri-food sector and Uganda, and completed in Bangladesh, Benin and Mali. Country-specific publications on survey results were released for Guinea and the State of Palestine. Highlights ITC published The Invisible Barriers to Trade – How Businesses Experience Non-Tariff Measures, a report ITC partnered with the French Chamber of Commerce and outlining the NTM survey methodology and presenting Industry (CCI France) and the Permanent Conference of cross-country analytical insights from 23 countries. African and Francophone Chambers of Commerce The publication marked a first step in exploiting the potential (CPCCAF) to develop and conduct competitive intelligence

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4. Shooting a video for SME Trade Academy online courses 5. Iraqi trade officials trained on market analysis tools at ITC

training for French-speaking chambers of commerce from Northern and sub-Saharan Africa. More than 3,000 African 2015 Funders SMEs were surveyed about their market intelligence and institutional support needs. Core funders

In the West African Economic and Monetary Union Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Ireland, (UEMOA, for its better-known French acronym), ITC Norway, Sweden supported the creation of a tracking system to better inform cotton value chain actors about prices, markets and trends in the sector. The system was showcased on international Project-specific funders television by France 24’s Intelligence économique Canada, European Union, European Feed programme. Manufacturers’ Foundation, Humanist Institute for At the UEMOA Commission secretariat, as well as in Co-operation with Developing Countries, Islamic Zambia, Tanzania and Kenya, ITC trained government Development Bank, Stichting IDH Sustainable Trade officials and supported local TISIs in setting up trade Initiative, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies intelligence monitoring systems. (Japan), Netherlands, Oman, Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform, Switzerland, United Kingdom, As part of follow-up to Myanmar’s National Export Strategy United States, World Bank (see case study), ITC helped launch a Myanmar trade information network. Seventeen national trade-related institutions in the country have pledged to support the creation of a Myanmar trade intelligence portal. Over 30,000 TISIs and SMEs worldwide received ITC’s Market Insider reports, providing real-time intelligence on market and regulatory developments in seven agri-food sectors ranging from fresh fruit and vegetables to medicinal plants and essential oils.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 19 CASE STUDY

Helping Mauritian businesses overcome non-tariff measures 1

The challenge In response to the survey’s findings, the Mauritian government asked ITC to work with the Ministry of Foreign SMEs in developing countries often find their trade Affairs’ international trade division to set up a Trade prospects stymied by technical regulations, labelling rules, Obstacles Alert Mechanism (TOAM). This online tool, or health and safety standards that their products must which allows Mauritian exporters and importers to alert meet to gain market entry; or by cumbersome import or local authorities about trade impediments they encounter, export licensing requirements either at home or in a was launched in September 2015. It is administered by the prospective trading partner. Such non-tariff policies can be Mauritius Chamber of Commerce and Industry. A similar unpredictable and difficult for companies to understand, mechanism has been in place in Côte d’Ivoire since 2014. let alone comply with; they also weigh disproportionately on the competitiveness of smaller companies. The results At the same time, policymakers often lack specific, real-time information about NTM-related challenges domestic The survey, and a subsequent ITC-facilitated workshop on companies are contending with, and thus struggle to NTMs, prompted the Mauritian authorities to consult further respond swiftly. with various stakeholders, after which they decided to Mauritius is no exception. To take one example, the revoke several import and export permit requirements. Compagnie Mauricienne de Textile, a leading Mauritian The result has been to lighten the administrative burden garment manufacturer, used to import plastic packaging for businesses, including SMEs. from its Madagascan subsidiary to wrap t-shirts for export In the three months following the launch of the system, more to Europe. (Procuring locally would have been more than 50 companies registered with the TOAM. Seventeen expensive, hurting their competitiveness.) But in late 2015, problems were reported, of which seven have already been a shipment of the plastic wrapping got tangled up in resolved. One of these was the port blockage reported by Mauritius’ unexpectedly early introduction of an import the Compagnie Mauricienne de Textile. Thanks to the licensing requirement. ‘Our consignments of polybags relaxed import licensing requirements, the company can [polyethylene bags] from Madagascar were held at customs once again smoothly import the polyethylene packaging due to an import permit requirement,’ said Ashley Vikesh, material from Madagascar, in turn boosting the timeliness – a customs clerk with the company. ‘This law should have and competitiveness – of its exports. been in force in January 2016, but the authorities implemented it in September 2015!’ 7trade obstacles solved out of 17 reported within The response 3 months of TOAM launch First, ITC conducted a survey of more than 400 Mauritian businesses across a variety of sectors to understand their NTM-related concerns. Getting import permits was one of The resumption of commerce is also good news for the key problems reported by Mauritian businesses. Plasmad, the company’s Madagascan subsidiary, for which Mauritius is the main export market. Jean-Pierre Li,

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1. Containerization, Port-Louis © Jan Hoffmann 2. Marketplace, Port-Louis © Nicolas Mugnier 3. Port facilities, Port-Louis © Jan Hoffmann

a director with Plasmad, said the ‘container was stuck at the Mauritian customs because of misinterpretation of import 28 rules by the Mauritian customs. The problem was solved trade-related permit thanks to the report posted by the Mauritian importing requirements eliminated company that alerted the Mauritian authorities who revised their procedure and let the container enter the country. following NTM survey The container could have stayed there for ages!’ Gopal Gupta, a manager with the Mauritius-based logistics Etienne Sinatambou, Mauritius’s then Minister of Foreign firm Velogic who also chairs the country’s association of Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade, said freight forwarders, successfully used the TOAM to complain ‘Mauritius is the 20th most attractive country to do business about complications getting safety certification from the in the world, according to the World Bank’s Doing Business Mauritius Standards Bureau to import toys. ‘The Ministry of report. With the TOAM, we intend to improve even more the Commerce and Industry has subsequently reviewed the environment for exporters and importers to facilitate further procedures,’ he said, leading to ‘a proper corrective action’ trade and investment.’ in the application procedures. ‘The TOAM platform is very helpful to the business community,’ The future he added. ‘For us, it is an excellent platform to express our concerns regarding trade obstacles faced by operators.’ The Mauritius Chamber of Commerce and Industry will continue to raise private sector awareness about the TOAM, and work to ensure effective dialogue on trade issues ‘The problem was solved thanks to the report between businesses and government authorities. posted by the Mauritian importing company that Similar systems are being contemplated in Madagascar and alerted the Mauritian authorities who revised their elsewhere in the Indian Ocean region, notably in the procedure and let the container enter the country. Comoros, Seychelles, and the French territory of Réunion. The container could have stayed there for ages!’ By speeding up companies’ access to imports and exports, the adoption of TOAMs across the region would help foster Jean-Pierre Li, Director, Plasmad, Madagascar regional value chains. More broadly, ITC will continue to survey businesses around Israhyananda Dhalladoo, Mauritius’s Ambassador and the world to identify both NTMs and potential solutions to Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva them, especially at the regional level. and to the World Trade Organization, provided another example of how ITC’s NTM work had freed up trade. ‘A direct consequence of the survey and the workshop was the elimination of the need for Tea Board clearance of rooibos tea imports, resulting in reduced time for importing this Funder product in Mauritius.’ He said that since the findings of the NTM survey for Mauritius were released in 2013, the country United Kingdom had eliminated 28 permits related to imports and exports.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 21 CASE STUDY

Trade information portal and customized training for Malawian businesses and policymakers 1

The challenge the National Statistical Office website to make detailed trade statistics publicly accessible, free of charge. In parallel Access to trade data is essential for companies to to the statistical work, ITC partnered with the Malawi understand potential commercial opportunities and risks. Investment and Trade Centre (MITC), the country’s trade But in many developing countries, such data remain either and investment promotion agency, to help it upgrade its unavailable or unaffordable, making it harder for businesses website (http://trade.mitc.mw). The new site will be better and governments to take full advantage of access to global able to showcase Malawian companies and to provide markets. SMEs, which generate the lion’s share of jobs, find up-to-date market intelligence to local businesses and the information barrier particularly hard to overcome. investors covering issues such as trade agreements, procedures and documentation requirements; export In recent years, as Malawi has worked to ramp up exports incentives; market research; trade-related news, trade to drive growth and job creation, weak trade intelligence has agreements; and business directories. repeatedly been identified as a critical gap in the business environment. Rectifying this gap was one of the To improve their capacity to smooth the path to world government’s priorities in the 2013 update to Malawi’s markets of would-be exporters in Malawi, MITC officials Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS), funded by the were trained in helping exporters develop product profiles Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF), analysing the containing product and commercial information as well as constraints on the country’s integration into the global information on trade fairs and exhibitions. An additional economy. e-learning initiative trained MITC staff members on principles, methodologies and best practices in information management. Malawi’s Ministry of Industry and Trade and its National Statistical Office officially asked ITC for assistance in improving trade statistics and information services to The results enable policymakers and businesses to make better informed decisions. Trade Map Malawi and the MITC Trade Information Portal, both of which were launched in November 2015, have transformed access to trade and market information for The response Malawian entrepreneurs, academics and policymakers. The two web platforms both provide information on foreign ITC first carried out a needs assessment, which identified markets to local entrepreneurs and inform foreign importers the absence of an appropriate mechanism to collect and and investors about Malawian products, services and disseminate trade information as a key example of the market opportunities. insufficient institutional capacity that constrains Malawi’s trade performance. Lizzie Chikoti, Assistant Commissioner of Economics at the National Statistical Office, said that Trade Map Malawi would To remedy this, ITC worked with the National Statistical ‘contribute to increasing the global competitiveness of the Office to train key officials to analyse national trade business community in Malawi.’ Calling the Trade Information performance and export potential. Portal ‘a breakthrough for Malawian trade [that] will give us Subsequent discussions with national stakeholders led to a competitive edge,’ MITC Chief Executive Officer Clement the creation of Trade Map Malawi, a national version of Kumbemba anticipated that the site would ‘enable ITC Trade Map. The online tool has been embedded in policymakers to make better informed trade related decisions.’

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1.-3. Training workshops, ’From raw data processing to trade indices computation’, Zomba, Malawi

The future ‘As an emerging leader in the agro-processing industry in Malawi, we expect to guide our future Trade Map Malawi and the MITC Trade Information Portal are fully operational, with constantly updated data equipping operations with the help of the data that has been businesses to better compete on international markets. made available through [Trade Map Malawi].’ ITC is engaged with partners and funders to extend the Bashir Sama, General Manager - Commerce, RAB Group of Companies, Malawi scope of cooperation with Malawi to include, for example, ITC’s Export Potential Assessment, which will help the country’s government, companies, and trade promotion agencies identify promising sectors and markets for export User feedback has been positive. ‘I am now able to collect success. all relevant data… to process information on trade indicators such as the annual growth in value of black tea ITC is also in discussions with countries such as Jamaica, exported from Malawi to the rest of the world, or even the Oman and Qatar to bring customized trade information monthly evolution of the trade balance between Malawi and and market intelligence to their SME sectors. Mozambique,’ said Bright Mvula, principal statistician with the National Statistical Office. ‘The [highly specific] HS8 product-level information allows for a comprehensive and detailed analysis of Malawi’s trade performance.’ For Bashir Sama, a general manager with the RAB Group of Companies, Trade Map Malawi provides ‘important insight’ into regional and international trade trends. ‘As an emerging leader in the agro-processing industry in Malawi, we expect to guide our future operations with the help of the data that has been made available through this tool,’ he said. Crucially, the project’s key achievements, from the new web-based platforms to improved trade support services, are entirely delivered by Malawians, working for the National Statistical Office, the ministry, the tax authority, or the MITC. National ownership, coupled with dedicated resources for trade information management, will ensure the sustainability of these results. It underscores the utility of the DTIS exercise in identifying national priorities against which to specifically tailor assistance.

Funder

European Union

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 23 © shutterstock.com

Building a Conducive Business Environment

Trade Development Strategies Highlights

ITC supported governments and the private sector in The goal of the Trade Development Strategies Programme developing sector export strategies in Burkina Faso is to empower countries to identify and realize high-potential (shea nut), Cambodia (silk), Cameroon (cotton-to-clothing), opportunities for trade-led development through the design Ethiopia (spices and essential oils), Kenya (information and management of sectoral, national and regional export technology) and Tanzania (sunflower, cotton-to-clothing). strategies that have a sustainable economic, social and The strategies empower partner countries to design policies environmental impact. to attract investment and foster business linkages in high potential sectors to promote value addition and productivity gains as a means towards broad-based growth and job Key results creation.

Ten strategic trade development roadmaps in Botswana, 7 sector export strategies Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania identified the delivered in landlocked and least developed binding constraints to better trade and investment countries performance and made recommendations for reforms. ITC provided management support for implementing national as well as sector-specific strategies in Burkina 10 strategic trade development roadmaps Faso, the Gambia, Kyrgyzstan and Myanmar. In Myanmar delivered in sub-Saharan Africa (see case study), public and private stakeholders, including the Ministry of Commerce, were assisted to manage and Management support provided in 4 countries coordinate the implementation of the country’s National and to 3 African regional economic Export Strategy together with other trade development commissions for implementing trade initiatives. strategies

24 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1.&2. Public-private dialogue for the establishment of the Trade Dispute Resolution Organisation draft law, Pakistan

Trade Facilitation Highlights

The Trade Facilitation Programme works with policymakers In over 40 countries, ITC assistance contributed to the in developing and least developed countries to implement design and adoption of policy recommendations for trade facilitation reforms aimed at reducing the cost of doing implementing the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade business. It also partners with logistics operators and SMEs Facilitation Agreement (TFA), notably through the means (including informal cross-border traders) to ensure that they of an inclusive inter-agency and public-private dialogue understand border procedures and are able to comply process (see ITC Innovates). efficiently with customs and other border requirements. ITC assisted five countries in establishing and/or strengthening their National Trade Facilitation Committees, multi-stakeholder entities including border agencies, Key results logistics service providers and traders required by the WTO agreement to design and monitor trade facilitation implementation. In Tajikistan, the private sector has been Over 1 000 policymakers, TISIs and business given a leading role in the governance structure and in the representatives improved understanding of membership of the National Trade Facilitation Committee. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement ITC has developed a network of partnerships with leading public and private trade facilitation stakeholders to develop 12 countries supported by ITC ratified institutional synergies to enhance the impact of its WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement interventions. For example, ITC and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have 20 countries supported by ITC formally entered into an agreement to jointly implement trade notified ‘category A’ trade facilitation facilitation activities to better respond to the large number commitments to WTO of country requests for trade-related technical assistance. Other partnerships include those with the National Confederation of Industry Brazil (CNI), the World Over 200 business representatives better Economic Forum, the United Nations Economic equipped to advocate for trade facilitation Commission for Europe and the United Nations and reforms that respond to their needs Social Commission for the Asia-Pacific, for the publication of technical materials on trade facilitation topics especially Over 500 women informal traders in Burundi, TFA implementation. Tanzania and Uganda trained to formalize ITC in 2015 supported more than 500 women informal and comply with border requirements cross-border traders in Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda to enhance their capacity to go formal and to efficiently comply with cross-border requirements.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 25 ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1. Round table discussion on National Food Safety strategy, Tajikistan 2. Establishment of National Trade Facilitation Committee, Tajikistan 3. Liberian Minister for Commerce and Industry Axel Addy delivers opening remarks at stakeholders’ consultation on tourism trade strategy, Monrovia, Liberia

Highlights Supporting Trade Negotiations and Policy Reform Liberia and Afghanistan acceded to the WTO in 2015 (see case study). ITC assisted the private sector in both The Supporting Trade Negotiations and Policy Reform countries to better understand the opportunities and Programme assists chambers of commerce and other challenges associated with WTO accession, and had business organizations to articulate business views and worked with policymakers to achieve balanced negotiating engage effectively with policy processes to ensure that positions aligning the needs of the private sector with trade negotiations, national policies and regulatory reforms government policy goals. reflect a well-informed private sector perspective. ITC also works with policymakers to help them better understand ITC supported the Central European Free Trade Agreement business perspectives. (CEFTA) Secretariat to set up a private sector advisory group on non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting trade in beverages and auto parts within the bloc, which is made up Key results of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro and Serbia. The CEFTA Secretariat subsequently initiated the establishment of a formal region- 27 reported cases of governments wide private sector platform to provide input to policy incorporating private sector inputs in trade formulation processes for enhanced intra-regional trade. policy formulation In Pakistan, ITC has for over five years worked with multiple stakeholders to build capacity, conduct evidence-based 150 private sector representatives from research, and support public-private consultation Central European Free Trade Agreement processes, with the goal of strengthening the country’s member countries reported increased ability to develop coherent trade policies. In 2015, ITC knowledge of NTMs facing their industry. supported the production of the Ministry of Commerce’s Strategic Trade Policy Framework for 2015-18 and its Trade Dispute Resolution Organization Law. The government 18 ’business briefings’ on trade policy sought ITC advisory services in areas including measuring reached over 3 900 subscribers the poverty reduction impact of European Union trade preferences. It has also acknowledged the benefits of the public-private sector consultation process, and embedded the approach in a Services Trade Development Council. Training material developed by ITC for the Pakistan Institute of Trade and Development (PITAD) on issues such as trade in services, trade in investment, NTMs, and trade policy competitiveness has been incorporated in PITAD’s training curriculum for government officers and trade diplomats.

26 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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4. Participants at National Export Strategy tourism training, Liberia 5. Training newly inducted officers of the Competition Commission of Pakistan on the academic aspects of competition law

Separately, ITC worked with the Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) to help it meet international standards and 2015 Funders forge new partnerships with its equivalents in the European Union and the United States. CCP’s research capacity was Core funders expanded, and it was able to initiate a joint curriculum on Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Ireland, competition law with the National University of Science and Norway, Sweden, Switzerland Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. ITC assisted the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Commission to assess the implications of different Project-specific funders approaches to liberalizing trade in services both within the Central European Free Trade Area, Centre for the region and through trade negotiations with third parties, with Development of Enterprise, Enhanced Integrated the aim of maximizing the sector’s contribution to growth, Framework, European Union, Finland, France, job creation and sustainable development. Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United Nations Industrial Development Organization

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 27 CASE STUDY

Trade-led growth in Myanmar: from strategy to implementation 1

The challenge The response

Aiming for trade-led growth is easier than achieving it. Resource-efficient NES implementation demands Policymakers face difficult choices: what to do; where to coordination among a host of public and private start; how to prioritize; and why. To help them answer these stakeholders. ITC worked with the Myanmar government questions, ITC works with interested governments to to set up the NES Implementation Management Support develop a National Export Strategy (NES). This document project to help ensure the country and its SMEs harvest delivers a roadmap identifying sectors and specific, costed the gains from greater trade integration. reforms and development projects that would deliver high The project empowers the Ministry of Commerce and key returns on investment in terms of growth, job creation, and stakeholders to establish public-private mechanisms for trade performance. But simply having a strategy does not implementing NES objectives and coordinating other trade- automatically translate into an improved presence on the related initiatives. These mechanisms foster greater world trade map: strategies need to be implemented. transparency and better communication among the public In Myanmar, a NES was launched in March 2015, following and private sectors as well as with development partners. a far-reaching consultative process involving multiple Crucially, they enable better decision-making and more ministries, business associations, and development efficient aid planning. The project is fully aligned to existing partners. It outlined concrete, market-based solutions to the national development frameworks such as the Nay Pyi Taw country’s competitiveness constraints, detailing specific Accord for Effective Development Cooperation. activities, timelines and impact measures for what different The project also enables state-of-the-art online tracking of market actors needed to do. At the time, U Win Aung, trade development projects across the country through a president of the Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers Strategy Implementation Management Tool (SIMT), which of Commerce and Industry (UMFCCI), said ‘the NES has acts as a single window for the government and its partners laid the foundation for public-private partnership in to collect and manage project data. In Myanmar, SIMT enhancing, diversifying and developing Myanmar’s export builds and expands on data from the national aid data trade,’ both in agro-industry and manufacturing. management system, Mohinga. SIMT users are able to While the NES was an important first step, achieving its generate customized reports on specific sectors; NES-wide vision of ‘Sustainable export-led growth, leading to implementation reports are shared with the Trade Sector prosperity for an emerging Myanmar’ will rely on effective Working Group, one of the public-private mechanisms implementation. For a country in economic and political involving national stakeholders and development partners, transformation, such a transition is even more challenging to facilitate joint planning. as implementation often takes place ad hoc in the absence of an efficient management structure. The results

The NES management project system identified 75 projects funded by the national budget, development partners or private investors that were in line with (and in some cases inspired by) the agenda set out in Myanmar’s NES. By systematically mapping and tracking these projects,

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1. National Export Strategy package 2. Public-private stakeholder meeting on NES implementation 3. NES launch event in Myanmar

the NES Implementation Management Support framework has created greater transparency among ministries, The NES and its implementation framework are the private sector and development partners, enabling them ‘ providing a solid mechanism to coordinate trade to maximize efficiency and minimize duplication in resource allocation. Public and private stakeholders are fully involved development in Myanmar.’ in planning and coordination, thus building national U Aung Soe, Deputy Director General, Department of Trade Promotion and ownership of Aid for Trade projects. Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, Myanmar To explore one example of how this has worked in practice, a key trade development priority for Myanmar is to rapidly improve quality assurance systems so that high-potential ‘The NES and its implementation framework are providing sectors, such as oilseeds, can comply with international a solid mechanism to coordinate trade development in health and safety standards. Compliance with international Myanmar,’ said U Aung Soe, NES Navigator and Deputy market requirements is a critical step to revitalizing the Director General, Department of Trade Promotion and industry: it would assure domestic and foreign consumers Consumer Affairs, in Myanmar’s Ministry of Commerce. about product safety, enabling producers to better compete ’It is leading to increased collaboration between the public with palm oil imports and take advantage of the recent and the private sector, as well as with development export trade opening. This would contribute to better partners.’ livelihoods and incomes for farmers and oilseed collectors in the Mandalay, Sagang and Magway regions, as well as for processors and exporters across the country. The future The NES management coordination mechanisms enable ITC’s NES Implementation Management Support to actors to specialize and avoid duplication. For instance, the Myanmar will continue to provide support to effective project ITC project on ‘Food Safety and Compliance with Sanitary implementation and resource mobilization in line with and Phytosanitary Measures in the Oilseeds Value Chain’ domestic priorities. It could also serve as a model for focuses directly on improving value chain performance by developing similar coherence-promoting support to trade aligning product quality to market requirements (including development work in other countries. international food safety standards) and linking exporters to foreign buyers. Meanwhile, other development partners, such as PTB, Germany’s national metrology institute, and GIZ, the German corporation for international cooperation, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) specialize in building the national quality assurance infrastructure and facilitating access to equipment. By fostering complementarity across a diverse array of partners, the NES Implementation Management Support Project lets different actors join efforts to close gaps, Funder maximizing the impact for Myanmar’s oilseeds sector, which used to be among the world’s leaders. Germany

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 29 CASE STUDY

Supporting countries in the WTO accession process and beyond 1

The challenge towards implementing trade policy reforms that are coherent with business needs and compliant with the country’s new Least developed countries (LDCs) seek to join the World WTO commitments. Trade Organization (WTO) to integrate into the global economy and spur trade-led growth, but they often lack the negotiating skills and experience for the complex accession The results process. They also face challenges with incorporating private sector views into their negotiating stances and After multi-year accession processes, Afghanistan and attendant policy reforms, a critical step for leveraging the Liberia formally joined the WTO in December 2015, during accession process to create a growth-friendly business its 10th Ministerial Conference in Nairobi. environment, especially for SMEs. Even after accession, In Liberia, ITC had previously assisted the government in governments need the institutional capacity to implement preparing a National Trade Policy, a wholesale revamp of WTO obligations; businesses, meanwhile, need to the country’s trade-related rules and regulations aimed at understand the opportunities presented by the multilateral fostering coherence among Liberia’s WTO accession trading system in order to take advantage of them. obligations, regional commitments, and policies to spur Liberia faced the additional challenge of having to align its growth in key economic sectors. It had also helped Liberia WTO commitments with its simultaneous integration to the develop a National Export Strategy, which identified high- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). potential sectors for ramping up trade-driven value addition In Afghanistan, a key challenge was institutional weakness and job creation as well as bottlenecks holding back in both the public and private sectors. increased production and exports. During Liberia’s WTO accession negotiations, the two documents served as a basis for Liberia’s market access offers for goods and The response services; ITC helped Liberian officials draft the formal offers. ITC also supported Liberian negotiators’ participation in ITC works to assist the private and public sectors in LDCs, different WTO fora, including the Nairobi ministerial and most recently Afghanistan and Liberia, to better understand the annual Public Forum in Geneva. the risks and opportunities associated with the WTO When signing Liberia’s accession protocol in Nairobi, accession process, and to develop negotiating positions that President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf said her country’s WTO balance private sector and government policy objectives. commitments and associated reforms ‘put in place policies A key component of this assistance has been establishing and procedures to ensure a more transparent and mechanisms for dialogue between public and private sector predictable business climate for equitable growth.’ stakeholders so each can understand the other’s concerns. In Afghanistan, the dialogue mechanism helped the public ITC capacity building facilitates institutionalized platforms for and private sectors build relationships with their Indian evidence-based debate and experience sharing on counterparts. In addition to understanding how Indian identified topics. institutions and businesses operated and sought to use Leading up to accession, the mechanism is used to build WTO commitments to their advantage, the Afghan consensus among private and public stakeholders on institutions were able to seek bilateral help to strengthen WTO-related policy reforms. Post-accession, it pivots areas of weakness.

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1. Afghanistan accedes to the WTO at the 10th Ministerial Conference, Nairobi © WTO 2. Afghan stakeholders visit Inland Container Depot, Dadri, India 3. Accession of Liberia to the WTO at the 10th Ministerial Conference, Nairobi

The future Helping Tajikistan make the most of Building on past work to support Tajikistan (see box) in WTO membership making the most of its WTO membership, ITC has developed post-accession technical assistance strategies Since Tajikistan’s 2013 accession to the WTO, ITC has for Afghanistan and Liberia. The overarching aim is to create supported public-private dialogue related to the a WTO-compliant and growth-conducive business implementation of domestic reforms such as the environment, especially for SMEs. establishment of national enquiry points to notify the WTO of any new health and safety standards or product ITC will assist Liberia’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry regulations introduced by Tajikistan. The bodies also (MoCI) with (i) ensuring the private sector understands the serve as a conduit for Tajik industry and other implications of Liberia’s WTO commitments; (ii) developing stakeholders to understand such measures in target a WTO-consistent strategy to implement Liberia’s National markets. ITC also helped set up a National Trade Trade Policy; and (iii) setting up a trade facilitation ‘single Facilitation Committee to ensure that Tajikistan takes window’, a mainly electronic entry point where traders can private sector needs into account when implementing exchange trade information with border agencies. the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Post-accession support for Afghanistan will focus on: ‘I would like to say thanks a lot for this [dialogue] to (i) developing a National Export Strategy; (ii) implementing ITC…because it is a very nice tool for raising skills on the WTO trade facilitation agreement and assisting SMEs to WTO issues,’ said Alisher Nazarov, a counsellor at manage cross-border procedures; and (iii) using public- Tajikistan’s Ministry of Economic Development and private consultations to enhance the capacity of institutions Trade. and key stakeholders to implement WTO commitments. These priorities align with those identified by Humayoon Rasaw, Afghanistan’s Minister of Commerce and Industries, who has appealed for donor assistance to help overcome his country’s lack of ‘institutions or institutional capacity to ‘I would like to say thanks a lot for this properly and effectively enforce and administer’ new WTO- [dialogue] to ITC because it is a very nice tool for compliant laws. He has also pointed to private sector raising skills on WTO issues.’ weaknesses, notably the capacity of Afghan businesses to Alisher Nazarov, Counsellor, Ministry of Economic comply with the demands of WTO rules on health and safety Development and Trade, Tajikistan standards and product regulations.

Funders

Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 31 ITC INNOVATES

Supporting SME-friendly implementation of the WTO

Trade Facilitation Agreement 1

The challenge to understand how to navigate the new environment and successfully comply with border procedures. Swift processing of trade transactions is critical to the international competitiveness of businesses, especially SMEs. However, exporters in developing countries can face The solution burdensome import and export-related procedures that increase their transaction costs and negatively impact their ITC offers a holistic approach to trade facilitation, assisting ability to engage in international commerce. countries to take business perspectives into account in the design of cross-border reforms, supporting policymakers SMEs are disproportionately affected by cross-border in gap analysis and implementation of the TFA, and expenses and delays because they often have higher per- strengthening SMEs’ capacity to understand and efficiently unit costs, and tend to export low-value added products, in comply with border requirements. smaller volumes. Relative to their size, SMEs dedicate more time and money to export than larger companies. They have A key pillar of this support to governments is ITC’s work to limited or costly access to intermediate financing to cover help establish or strengthen national trade facilitation their inventories, and are often considered as high-risk committees (NTFCs) while ensuring that the private sector, operators by border regulatory agencies, leading to more including SMEs, is well represented on them. NTFCs, which frequent inspections that translate into additional costs and are required under the TFA, bring together stakeholders delays. Finally, SMEs are seldom part of the policymaking such as border agencies, logistics service providers and process, which detracts from their ability to increase their traders and play an important role in designing and competitiveness through targeted policy reforms. monitoring trade facilitation implementation. A joint publication with UNCTAD and the UN Economic The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) promises Commission for Europe sets out best practices for setting to reduce the costs and complications of trading across up effective NTFCs. borders, opening up new opportunities for businesses across the developing world. However, for SMEs to fully In parallel, ITC raises the awareness of the private sector on benefit from the TFA, it is critical that policymakers adopt the TFA through dedicated training modules to ensure that implementation modalities that address the specific needs businesses are equipped to effectively participate in public- and concerns of smaller businesses. Similarly, SMEs need private dialogues on trade facilitation. An ITC training manual on SMEs and the TFA (see box below) will assist the business community to better understand the technical The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement promises measures of the agreement and the opportunities they to reduce the costs and complications of trading might offer to importers, exporters or others involved in across borders. However, for SMEs to fully benefit international trade to reduce delays and costs in moving goods across borders. from the TFA, it is critical that policymakers adopt implementation modalities that address ITC also supports policymakers in conceiving and implementing SME-friendly trade facilitation reforms the specific needs and concerns of smaller leveraging its unique understanding of the challenges businesses. smaller businesses face when they engage in cross-border trade. As one-size-fits-all solutions seldom support SME

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1.-3. Effective trade facilitation involves business, border regulatory agencies and transport operations 4. © iStock image

participation in international value chains, ITC assists governments to design regulatory frameworks, ITC publications help SMEs, policymakers implementation formalities and training programs that make the most of the TFA reflect the specific needs of SMEs. SMEs and the WTO Trade Finally, ITC builds business capacity, especially among Facilitation Agreement: A Training SMEs AND THE WTO TRADE SMEs, to comply with cross-border requirements through FACILITATION AGREEMENT A TRAINING MANUAL Manual provides the business the delivery of face-to-face and internet-based training community with accessible curricula. ITC also provides in-house coaching to explanations of the technical companies that have successfully completed the cross- measures arising from the WTO border compliance training to help them set up or Trade Facilitation Agreement. strengthen their freight desks and improve internal import/ It assists SMEs to understand the export management processes. In collaboration with opportunities these measures may offer to reduce delays and costs in moving goods across borders. The future

In one word: implementation. The real benefits from National Trade Facilitation the TFA will come when countries start rolling out their trade Committees: Moving Towards NATIONAL TRADE facilitation mechanisms, cutting trading times and costs. FACILITATION COMMITTEES MOVING TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION Implementation provides ITC will help countries implement their obligations, in policymakers with detailed step-by- particular in the areas of transparency, private sector step information on how to consultations and cross-border procedure efficiency. establish a National Trade ITC will assist countries in setting up e-facilitation tools, Facilitation Committee. Jointly such as trade portals and online enquiry points, which will produced with UNCTAD and the make trade information available to traders and where In collaboration with UN Economic Commission for importers and exporters would be able to make enquiries of Europe, it draws lessons from the border regulatory agencies whenever they fail to understand experiences of existing committees. cross-border requirements. Finally, ITC will build on its work to support trade facilitating reforms that bring maximum benefits to SMEs, in areas such as ensuring access to enquiry points and simplifying the payment of fees and charges.

Funders

Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 33 © shutterstock.com

Strengthening Trade and Investment Support Institutions

Strengthening Trade and Investment development, performance measurement and management, Support Institutions governance and how better to target SMEs. To assist TISIs to better serve their business communities, The Strengthening TISIs Programme helps trade and ITC applied the next step of its AIM for Results framework, investment support institutions AIM for Results: that is, to the Performance Improvement Roadmaps methodology, assess, improve and measure their performance, to enable with four partner organizations - Kyrgyz Single Window, them to better support small and medium-sized enterprises Zambia Honey Council, Export TT (Trinidad and Tobago) (SMEs) to connect to international markets for trade and and the Zanzibar Chamber of Commerce, Industry and investment. At both the country and regional levels, TISIs Agriculture – producing comprehensive, phased plans for are key multipliers for ITC’s work and goals: more effective improvement. TISIs lead to more SME internationalization. For a further six TISIs, including three from least developed countries, ITC regional workshops and individualized advisory services helped enhance performance in results Key result measurement, strategy design, client management, or performance management. The TISIs included the Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services 309 TISIs indicated ITC support helped them (BASIS), ZimTrade (Zimbabwe), South Africa’s Small improve managerial performance and/or Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA), the Uganda Export support services for SMEs Promotion Board (UEPB), the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA), and the Botswana Investment & Trade Centre. 16 TISIs improved operational performance ITC expanded a library of good practices providing access through the AIM for Results approach to dozens of case studies of relevance to TISIs, and enriched its benchmarking portal with tools for TISI staff to compare organizational performance to global good practices. Highlights ITC’s work with TISIs amplifies the effectiveness and reach In 2015, ITC’s benchmarking methodology, the first step in of its other interventions. For a Geneva-based organization AIM for Results, helped five TISIs - Mauritania’s Direction like ITC, chambers of commerce and business associations Générale du Secteur Privé, the Kenya Information are not just important enablers of SME internationalization; Technology and Outsourcing Society (KITOS), the Jamaica they are direct partners in ITC initiatives from non-tariff Chamber of Commerce, the Dhaka Chamber of Commerce measure (NTM) surveys to promoting intra-regional trade in and Industry (Bangladesh) and APEX-Mali, the west African the East African Community. At the same time, multiple ITC country’s export promotion agency - identify areas for programmes contribute to helping TISIs better support their improvement. Common areas included strategy clients to meet particular objectives. A given TISI may

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1. Performance improvement roadmap workshop with BASIS, Bangladesh 2. Regional Results Measurement workshop in partnership with ZimTrade, Zimbabwe

interact with different streams of ITC’s work, each complementing the other. This was the case on the borders 2015 Funders of Burundi, Tanzania, and Uganda, where enhanced trade facilitation skills were what local women’s associations Core funders needed to help informal cross-border traders understand Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Ireland, border procedures and formalize (see case study). Norway, Sweden When the needed institutional support is not available, ITC has even created TISIs or organizations with comparable . roles. In Papua New Guinea, for example, ITC helped set up Project-specific funders the Bilum Export and Promotion Association, a vehicle to Australia, China, Ecuador, International Labour give women working in bilum-weaving collectives the Organization, Qatar Development Bank, South Africa, training and trade-related institutional support they were Switzerland, United Nations Development Programme lacking (see case study). Together with the University of Geneva and the European TPO network, ITC conducted a study to assess how trade promotion organizations impact national trade performance. The study, Investing in Trade Promotion Generates Revenue, revealed that every additional dollar invested in trade promotion returns, on average, US$87 in additional exports and US$384 in additional GDP.

US$87 US$1 of ADDITIONAL EXPORTS & spent on generates EXPORT PROMOTION US$384 INCREASE IN GDP

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 35 CASE STUDY

Helping women traders cross borders securely, smoothly – and formally 1

The challenge Weak border enforcement, especially at remote locations, is an important driver of informal trade. Other contributing Informal cross-border trade in legitimately produced factors include unnecessarily complicated customs goods is a major feature of Africa’s economic and social formalities, transit regimes, and weak information sharing landscape, and an important source of income for people among border agencies. But women in many cases without regular wages or much formal education. circumvent formal border processes because they lack the knowledge and capacity to complete transactions, pay Yet the women who make up the majority of such traders taxes, or formalize their businesses. Far too often, they lack are vulnerable at borders to extortion, verbal and physical support structures that could help them overcome these harassment and even assault. For governments, of course, challenges and improve their livelihoods. informal trade by definition escapes taxation and regulation.

One woman’s journey formally. ‘We were informed that our category of goods attracted no duties in the East African Community. [A group Josephine Akoth never expected to become an informal of women traders] formed an association and have since cross-border trader. But when the native of Busia town in built a very good working relationship with the border Uganda found herself struggling to pay bills for her family, authorities. I was able to start trading formally through the she got in touch with a few friends who were earning gazetted border crossing: all we need to do is fill out a modest incomes by carrying food products across the simplified certificate of origin, and declare our goods and border. In 2010, she raised capital worth US$8 and joined off we go,’ she said. ‘In fact after the training I developed a their business, buying mangoes in nearby villages (they thick skin, my confidence grew a lot, I was able to go to later diversified into maize and tomatoes) and selling them Kenya and found many new clients, I was even given a deal on to Kenyan traders at small profits. The women faced to supply fruits and vegetables to a supermarket. Our many challenges: they were often cheated into losses over business grew and our clients started advancing capital to exchange rate fluctuations, or because they lacked price us and with that we were able to rent storage space and negotiation skills and knowledge. After hearing peers’ stories expand our business.’ about being arrested and having their goods confiscated, Through the project, Akoth and her associates participated they set up a small stall on the Ugandan side of the border, in a regional trade fair, paving the way for them to start selling mainly to Kenyan traders at even lower margins. processing maize, millet and other produce into porridge ‘Informal cross border trade was very unpredictable, what and meal flour to sell in Uganda and Kenya. ‘With the you make today may be lost tomorrow through bribes and support of UEPB and ITC, I was able to get quality confiscation of your goods. Other women were forced to certification for my products and so I am able to sell across offer sex in exchange for safe passage,’ Akoth said. the region,’ she said. Looking back to the start of the project, Akoth recalled an ITC trainer saying ‘she wanted to A training workshop for women traders and border come back after some years and find us loading trucks of officials by the Uganda Export Promotion Board (UEPB) goods and trading across the region as opposed to the in partnership with ITC opened Akoth’s eyes to the relative small volumes we were trading back then. I am now on ease of complying with border procedures and trading course to achieve that.’

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1. Women transporting cotton © shutterstock 2.&4. Training women cross-border traders, Burundi 3. Border crossing, Burundi

The response Over a quarter of the 500 cross-border traders In Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda, ITC has taken a two- trained by ITC successfully formalized. pronged approach: encouraging policy reform to make border procedures simpler and faster, especially for small-scale traders, and working to bolster the capacity of women involved Beneficiaries report reduced border costs, higher profits in cross-border commerce to understand and comply with and greater capacity to manage cross-border transactions; regulations. The goal is to enable them to formalize, do more they also participated in regional trade exhibitions. Some business and increase their incomes. These objectives are 70 newly formalized Burundian traders reported a four-fold related: traders need to have a certain amount of business to increase in the number of customs declarations for their justify the costs of going formal; formalizing, meanwhile, export transactions. Previously, their transactions were often can pave the way for ramping up trade. subject to demands for bribes; after the formal declarations, many qualified for zero-duty treatment. ITC has partnered with national women’s institutions as well as local non-governmental organizations to deliver this support at the borders, where it is most needed, and to measure results 19 associations through trader surveys. ITC has developed training materials better equipped to provide support and trained trainers who can work with traders in local languages on issues such as formalizing and understanding services to women traders at the border tax regimes as well as their rights and obligations vis-à-vis border officials. Other training involves fundamental Nineteen associations of women traders are now better business skills pertaining to contracts, pricing, and able to provide support services at the border. These negotiation. Border agency officials participate in training associations have enabled the traders to share concerns activities and awareness campaigns. with border agencies and influence policy discussions The training work was complemented with the development related to cross-border trade. of a constantly updated directory of women involved in informal trade, as well as support for women entrepreneurs The future to participate in trade fairs, where some made new business contacts that resulted in cross-border orders that matched After the completion of this phase of the project in 2016, or even exceeded their supply capacity. ITC is looking to expand the initiative to other eastern and southern African countries, providing capacity building, The results increasing support for women traders, improving relations with border agencies and creating new business In 2015, close to 500 women involved in informal cross opportunities for trade across the region. border trade participated in capacity building activities covering issues such as taxation, border procedures, and Funder how to mobilize collectively through associations. Of them, over a quarter went on to successfully formalize. United Kingdom

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 37 CASE STUDY

Getting a fair deal for Papua New Guinea’s

‘bilum mamas’ 1

The challenge Bilum production is largely informal, small-scale and scattered across rural areas throughout the sprawling multi- Traditional handicrafts created by skilled artisans often have island nation. ‘Bilum mamas,’ as the artisans are sometimes appeal that goes far beyond the communities in which they called, routinely face long waits before receiving payment are made. Connecting to novelty-seeking international for their work – and sometimes do not get paid at all. markets for fashion and home decor can yield considerable rewards in terms of improved livelihoods in developing countries. But market awareness is an essential prerequisite The response for traditional handiwork to make it to international buyers. Altering products to meet international market demand ITC connects bilum weavers to high-end international might require artisans to develop new skills. And even in fashion buyers with the goal of increasing their incomes and cases where international buyers purchase traditional crafts, overall socioeconomic empowerment. As part of these it is by no means guaranteed that the people who make efforts, ITC worked with bilum-producing cooperatives from them – who are often women – will benefit. around the country to set up the Bilum Export and Promotion Association (BEPA) in October 2015. Bilum from Papua New Guinea is a case in point. Used across the country for carrying everything from groceries The association, which operates on a not-for-profit basis, to babies, brightly coloured, handmade bilum bags are purchases bilum bags and clothing from around the country becoming increasingly popular abroad. But the women for export. Revenues are channelled back into creating more who typically weave bilums, using natural reeds, wool or predictable income streams for the producers. BEPA also man-made fibres, often struggle to benefit financially from offers technical training and raw materials for bilum mamas. their craft. It works with weavers to get them the business and design skills, capacity support, tools and materials necessary to produce high-quality bilum articles. In sum, BEPA’s role is to serve as a bridge between weavers and international buyers. When the association was founded, Sharlene Gawi, the Port Moresby-based lawyer who became its Executive Officer, voiced hope that ‘BEPA will give bilum weavers, who have long been faceless, a face, a name and recognition for their unique skills and products.’ Both ITC and the Papua New Guinea government’s Small and Medium Enterprises Corporation were closely involved with the year-long process to set up BEPA (though, to ensure operational independence, neither became members of it).

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1. Twisting and looping bilum, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 2. Young bilum maker 3. ITC-BEPA Bilum School, Wewak 4. Natural bilum fibers 5. Diane, bilum maker

The results The prospect of better business links through the association is also attractive. ‘To be part of the network of ‘Bringing multiple cooperatives together achieves strength BEPA is going to be great, because we struggled to find by association that will empower the women of Papua New training and the market,’ said Florence Kamel, a group Guinea in negotiating better prices and sales conditions with leader and weaver with Jaukae Bilum Products in Goroka. international buyers,’ explained Torek Farhadi, a Senior ‘It’s a big stepping stone.’ Adviser with ITC’s Women and Trade Programme who As BEPA Executive Officer Gawi explained, ‘ITC makes a manages the bilum project. ‘By improving product quality vital contribution with its global network and reputation in and building awareness of bilum in potential export markets, the trade arena, which has enabled us to start dialogue with BEPA will help increase international demand – and hence potential buyers and new markets.’ prices – for bilum.’ By purchasing bilum either from the cooperatives or directly from their roughly 300 members – and crucially, paying up To be part of the network of BEPA is going to be ‘ front – BEPA will protect weavers from payment delays or great, because we struggled to find training and non-payment risks. At the other end of the value chain, it will the market.’ negotiate directly with buyers on price and delivery conditions. It will also carry out quality checks and export- Florence Kamel, weaver and group leader, Jaukae Bilum Products, Goroka, Papua New Guinea related handling tasks such as fumigation and freight forwarding.

BEPA has conducted training activities in different parts of Papua New Guinea for bilum weavers, who often have not The future had the opportunity to receive a formal education. Currently, seven cooperatives belong to BEPA; the door A bilum school for women in the Kainantu district of the remains open for other producers to join. Eastern Highlands taught weavers about colour theory and choice, how to estimate production costs and times and The association will conduct marketing campaigns for bilum how to use measuring tapes. A similar training school was both domestically and internationally, to boost awareness of held in Wewak, on the country’s northern coast. – and demand for – bilum bags and clothing. The colour theory classes have been particularly popular Since BEPA’s terms leave weavers free to sell directly to with the weavers themselves. ‘I love making bilums but potential buyers if they so desire, it will also train them on setting and choosing colours to appeal to my clients was how to negotiate sales themselves. not a strength until I met BEPA,’ said Margaret Evari, who works with the Shine Ministry cooperative in Port Moresby. She said that BEPA trainings had also opened her mind to make bilum products beyond bags. Funder

Australia

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 39 © shutterstock.com

Connecting to International Value Chains

Value Added to Trade Highlights

Agro-processing The Value Added to Trade Programme focuses on enabling small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to connect to Nearly 1,000 farmers in one of Fiji’s poorest regions saw value chains. It works to make them more competitive incomes increase thanks to a value-chain-wide package of through improving sector value chains and enhancing the ITC-facilitated technical support. Developed and delivered in ability of firms to meet market requirements and operate collaboration with Fijian institutions, the support ranged from sustainably. Focusing on agro-processing, light setting up programmes for accessing finance, market manufacturing and services, it encourages value addition information and agricultural extension services to building by improving the ecosystem in which SMEs operate at each internationally- compliant processing facilities and step of the supply chain, from market strategy through to connecting farmers to foreign buyers and local traders. managerial and organizational capabilities and building Connecting to niche export markets for frozen ginger, connections to international buyers. cocoa, taro and cassava enabled producers to sidestep a domestic market glut and sharply increase farm gate receipts - from 15 to 60 Fijian cents per kilogram, in the Key Results case of cassava growers. Cocoa growers working with ITC increased marketable production ten-fold over two seasons, from 300 kilograms per month to more than 3,500 kilograms 484 enterprises became export ready per month. Closer attention to quality led to demonstrably through ITC supply chain management higher returns: local traders and chocolate makers bought training

4 times: the increase in farm gate prices for beneficiary cassava farmers following ITC value chain intervention in Fiji

US$641,000 project in Benin in first year catalysed cashew exports worth more than US$30 million

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1.&2. Tourism in Kayah state, Myanmar 3. Anders Aeroe, Director of ITC’s Division of Market Development, and Simon Cole, Chairman of Fiji Crop and Livestock Council 4. Fijian dairy farmers make feed blocks to improve milk yield 5. The Moroccan Exporters Association (ASMEX) is partnering with SME Association of Malaysia to promote bilateral trade

8 tons of cocoa at prices more than twice as high as what Also in the cashew sector, ITC catalysed the sale of 25,000 farmers received prior to the project. Chocolate produced tons of cashews from Benin to processors in Vietnam from the beans has been exported to Japan, Europe, (see case study). Australia and New Zealand. In addition, 11,000 farmers In Kenya, ITC’s work in the avocado sector to establish were mapped and profiled in a national agriculture farmers groups and link them to exporters paid off with database linked to mobile apps that communicate market the shipment of 40 tons of fruit to a multinational fruit and news and enable surveys and collective action. Some 600 vegetable company’s French subsidiary. Also in Kenya, farmers and agri-food enterprises were trained in financial building on earlier successes, ITC partnered with German literacy and business skills. ITC-trained counsellors have set electronics company Bosch and the Kenya Institute of up associations for financial management and food safety; Supplies Management (KISM) to train five SMEs, in the the latter has enabled 12 exporters to gain international mango, confectionery and footwear sectors, in waste- certification. ITC also supported the Fijian government in cutting, productivity-enhancing ’lean’ methodology. KISM setting up a cross-ministerial cabinet-level facilitation has added lean manufacturing advisory services to its committee to streamline food and agri-business portfolio, and four KISM experts have been trained to assist policymaking. other Kenyan SMEs to implement the efficiency-boosting In Morocco, ITC assistance helped the country’s halal label methods, enhancing replicability in Kenya and elsewhere. win official recognition from Malaysia’s globally influential In addition, five Kenyan nationals have been trained to halal authorities, paving the way for access to Malaysia’s large assist SMEs in implementing key food safety regulations – market for halal-certified products, as well as markets elsewhere. and to train other experts.

In the Gambia, ongoing ITC work contributed to the In Zambia, ITC is partnering with the Parodi Group, an development of standards and regulations for products Argentina-based honey producer and trader, to provide including groundnuts, cashew nuts and sesame, coupled technical assistance to SMEs and beekeepers to increase with training for enhanced food safety and quality control. production, quality, and compliance with export market standards. The partnership has already led to orders for honey and beeswax worth over US$200,000; the long-term goal is to integrate producers into Parodi’s global distribution network. In Uganda, the National Union of Coffee Agribusinesses and Farm Enterprises is applying improved risk management techniques in its operations. In addition, a key government regulatory coordination body, the National Information Technology Authority in Uganda, incorporated an export strategy, developed with ITC assistance, into the country’s strategic plan for the sector. In Sri Lanka, training enabled more than 500 farmers of fruits and vegetables in a dozen districts to upgrade agricultural practices, to improve their ability to comply with 5 European Union plant health regulations and face official

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1.-3. Textile and clothing sector SMEs, Tajikistan

audits from European health authorities. Non-compliance branding and marketing, as well as with creating codes of notifications have subsequently dropped. In addition, conduct for tourism in ethnic minority areas. In the country’s a study tour to Milan enabled Sri Lankan farmers and Kayah state, ITC worked with communities, business exporters of fruits and vegetables to better understand associations, and tour operators to develop village-based Italian market requirements and build networks with cultural tourism programmes, which are set to become part potential buyers. of the region’s expanded tourism offering.

In Zimbabwe, ITC assisted the Standard Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ) to set-up a chromatography laboratory, increasing the country’s capacity to test and certify agri- E-Solutions: Enabling Trade food exports. Another milestone was getting SAZ accredited through Digital Channels with the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSAS) certification scheme, allowing it to issue Trade in goods and services via electronic networks has safety management certificates that will be recognized created huge new business opportunities. But businesses worldwide. in poorer countries, particularly SMEs, are hampered by factors such as weak logistics and a lack of access to Light manufacturing payment systems. The E-Solutions Programme helps In the State of Palestine, participation in trade fairs in SMEs overcome these barriers. Germany and Italy enabled Palestinian footwear companies to understand export market requirements and establish networks with potential buyers. Key result In Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, a combination of strategy mapping tools, training, study tours and capacity-building 400 Moroccan SMEs enabled to make activities with policymakers, enterprises and trade overseas internet sales via the ‘Made in promotion agencies resulted in increased trade potential for Morocco’ platform SMEs in the textile and clothing sector. Business opportunities were expanded for sectoral enterprises participating in leading sectoral trade fairs, study tours to target countries, and buyer-seller meetings. Enterprises Highlights are exporting to new markets including Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Mongolia. Through the ‘Made in Morocco’ platform, ITC has supported Services a collective of some 400 Moroccan SMEs to develop the potential to export to Europe, the United States, and the Gulf In Bangladesh, information technology services companies Cooperation Council economies in a manner that is fully reported export deals firms in Denmark, the Netherlands, compliant with tax and legal requirements, while meeting Nigeria and the United Kingdom thanks to contacts and consumer demands for safe payments, free shipping and marketing training facilitated by ITC (see case study). easy returns (see ITC Innovates). In Myanmar, ITC assisted policymakers and public and ITC and global logistics firm DHL enabled both the Made private sector tourism associations with destination in Morocco cooperative and a social enterprise for

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4. Fiji food market 5. Moroccan products available through ‘Made in Morocco’ online platform 6.&7. E-Commerce Souk event ‘Made in Morocco’, ITC, Geneva

2015 Funders

Core funders Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden

Project-specific funders Canada, DHL, Enhanced Integrated Framework, European Union, Finland, Mali, Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Netherlands, Rwanda One UN Fund, Tanzania One UN Fund, Qatar Development Bank, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Sweden, Switzerland, World Bank, World Trade Organization - Standards and Trade Development 7 Facility war-displaced women in Syria to retail their products to European consumers, assisting in importation, customs clearance and delivery.

A separate stream of work in Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia seeks to connect SMEs to international markets through established virtual marketplaces for business-to-consumer or business-to-business transactions. ITC in 2015 trained e-commerce advisors in each of the three countries to coach SMEs in the agri-food, handicraft and information technology services sectors – about 70 per country – to register on platforms such as Alibaba, Etsy and Tradekey. Some Tunisian handicraft companies have subsequently used e-commerce to tap new markets such as Australia. The project also seeks to foster a policy environment more conducive to e-commerce.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 43 CASE STUDY

Using services trade to drive economic transformation:

Bangladesh’s IT sector 1

The challenge facilitates access to loans, foreign currency banking, and online payment systems. While ‘trade-led growth’ tends to evoke images of The project also aims to directly connect companies to manufactured exports, the fact is that services trade, too, international clients through business-to-business (B2B) offers avenues for developing countries to shift people and events targeting selected markets such as the United resources into higher-productivity activities. Kingdom and the Netherlands. In addition, it offers workshops Though some developing countries – emblematically India and training to strengthen SME export marketing capacities. – have successfully linked services sectors, notably information technology (IT), to the global division of labour, many other developing and least-developed countries have The results run into obstacles along the way. Bangladesh’s IT and IT- enabled services (ITES) industry is a case in point: its double- In 2015, six B2B events facilitated 237 bilateral meetings digit growth rates in the past decade have been fuelled between 40 small and mid-sized Bangladeshi tech mainly by domestic demand. Despite globally competitive companies and potential clients. The meetings yielded some prices, strong government support and high-quality 27 deals, involving 16 of the Bangladeshi companies, worth ‘boutique-style’ solutions, Bangladeshi tech companies have a total of nearly US$1 million. Prior to these meetings, the made only modest inroads into global markets. SMEs were trained to take a structured approach in selecting target markets, based on the Export Marketing Plan of the Bangladesh’s IT and ITES companies have been held back Dutch government’s Centre for the Promotion of Imports in export markets by weak country branding, insufficient from developing countries (CBI). They also received marketing skills, skills shortages, and challenges accessing individual coaching on developing customized export potential clients. Greater exports for the sector would marketing strategies. support the growth of indigenous companies and attract the attention of larger international technology companies, GraphicPeople, a Dhaka-based firm with 360 employees creating virtuous circles of trade, investment and job creation. providing digital and print production services, signed contracts in 2015 with three British advertising agencies for services such as website and banner creation. The deals trace The response their origins to a B2B event in London in November 2014. ‘The leads took time to mature, but it was eventually very To generate new export revenues for Bangladesh’s IT and successful,’ said Imtiaz Ilahi, GraphicPeople’s managing ITES industry sector, ITC is working with the Dhaka Chamber director. ‘Our revenue has gone up between 5% and 7%, of Commerce and Industry and the Bangladesh Association thanks to these contracts.’ of Software and Information Services (BASIS), the main industry association, to enhance their ability to promote Being matched with people in decision-making roles who entrepreneurship and help Bangladeshi businesses, understood the financial benefits of offshoring was especially SMEs, connect to foreign markets. Since ITC particularly important for finalizing the deals, Ilahi explained. started working with BASIS in 2010, its membership has He suggested that the United Kingdom, given the English doubled, to over 1000 companies. Its portfolio of services language and its familiarity working with international for members has expanded, too. For example, through companies, marked a logical first step for GraphicPeople partnerships with multiple financial institutions, BASIS now into the broader European Union market.

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1. Mobile application demonstration at B2B meeting in Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Digital World, Bangladesh’s largest ICT fair and conference 3. Graphic design specialists at work in Dhaka, Bangladesh

In its work with BASIS, ITC applied its proven AIM for Results ‘Our revenue has gone up between 5% and 7%, methodology to help TISIs understand and improve their thanks to these contracts.’ performance. Through this process, BASIS developed a three-year internal strategy and a new framework for Imtiaz Ilahi, Managing Director, GraphicPeople, Bangladesh measuring results, enabling it to deliver improved services to its fast-growing membership base. Another deal saw DataSoft Systems, an 18-year old Bangladeshi software product and services company, The future develop an application to accompany a driver’s manual for Maruboshi Europe, a firm specializing in technical writing for Four B2B events are planned in 2016 – in East Africa, the auto industry. The sophisticated application, which relies Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The group of on augmented-reality technology, went well beyond what beneficiary companies will continue to expand; ITC plans to the Amsterdam-based subsidiary of a Japanese company offer individualized coaching on sales and marketing in initially expected to procure. ‘I went to Bangladesh [with ITC] developed economies. intending to outsource graphic work, and I came back with a notebook stuffed with ideas, full of inspiration and new Humac Lab, which won the Dhaka pitch competition event, energy [as well as] plans to develop a complete is set to participate in a global Seedstars Summit in new product for my company,’ said Vicente Ariza 2 Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2016, opening up access to Alcalde, a manager in Maruboshi’s desktop venture capital firms, potential clients, and mentors. publishing and data processing department. ‘Today this plan is a reality.’ A November ‘boot camp’ in Dhaka equipped 31 startups and a group of female entrepreneurs to pursue venture capital more effectively. One of those companies, Humac Lab, went on to win a pitch competition event in Dhaka with an app, called Madviser, to compare cell phone offers by analysing phone usage patterns. The event was backed by ITC and Seedstars, a worldwide initiative on technological capacity and gender inequality in entrepreneurship that supports seed-stage tech startups in 55 countries. US$1 million in deals for Funder 16 Bangladeshi companies through B2B meetings The Netherlands

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 45 CASE STUDY

Small investments yield big rewards for cashew exports from Benin and the Gambia 1

The challenge (APIEX) to facilitate the transfer of Vietnamese know-how and technology for cashew processing, to enable increased Even when they are major producers of agricultural value addition of raw nuts within Benin. ITC also facilitated commodities, developing countries typically struggle to meetings between Beninese exporters and Vietnamese realize the full potential of farm exports to drive growth and buyers. job creation. Producers often lack the technical skills Meanwhile, in the Gambia, a sector competitiveness and needed to undertake value addition at home; would-be export diversification project has been supporting the long- exporters have an imperfect understanding of target market term development of the country’s cashew, sesame and requirements. groundnut sectors. The goal is to improve production West Africa is home to some of the world’s leading cashew volumes, value addition and quality, to better position it to producers. The nuts are the principal source of income for capitalize on new opportunities in existing and emerging many rural families. Yet, because of insufficient market markets. In addition, the country’s quality assurance knowledge and weak value addition, the region’s cashew infrastructure has been revamped, with updated technical exporters often face difficulties in selling substantial volumes regulations and standards for cashew products, training for of their product at a relatively high price, both at home and the food safety authorities, and multi-stakeholder processes internationally. set up to develop regulations. ITC has worked directly with Gambian SMEs to help them comply with international standards for product quality, safety and nutritional labelling. The response

ITC has been working to increase value addition and The results exports in the cashew sector in several West African countries, most recently Benin and the Gambia. During a trade mission organized by ITC in November 2015, Vietnamese buyers expressed interest in importing 50,000 tons Benin is Africa’s third-largest cashew producer, but only of Beninese cashew nuts, which would account for more 10% of its roughly 120,000 tons in annual production is than a third of the country’s total production. ITC facilitated processed into kernels locally. Moreover, exporters struggle the contractual frameworks to allow for an initial shipment of season after season to secure purchasers for their raw 25,000 tons, worth over US$30 million at the 2015 average cashew nuts. To remedy these challenges, in June 2015, international market rate (the actual price will only be ITC and Benin’s Ministry of Commerce launched a three- established during the 2016 harvest, which runs from March year trade and productive capacity building project with a to June). ITC is working with both partners to ensure that the total budget of US$641,000. A central component of this full 50,000-ton amount can be delivered in subsequent years. work is forging collaboration between Benin and a world leader in cashew trade and processing, Viet Nam. A major producer in its own right, the Southeast Asian US$641 000 project in country is a leading importer and processor of cashews. Benin in first year catalysed The project established a framework for cooperation cashew exports worth between the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Benin’s Agency for Investment and Export Promotion 1 year >US$30 million

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1. Raw cashew nuts 2. Cashew nut peelers, Gambia Horticultural Enterprises 3. New consumer packaging 4. Processed cashew nuts ready for export

paved the way for greater sales. ‘After the eventual HACCP Farmers have learned about best practices in certification customers will also have more confidence in the ‘ products,’ she said. farming as well as farm management and as a result production has increased. Three of the participating SMEs received new equipment ’ for vacuum packaging and nutrition and barcode labelling, Alpha Ousman Jallow, Executive Secretary. Cashew Alliance of the Gambia which better enable products to meet international market requirements. ‘The machine and the new packaging has greatly improved the presentation of our nuts and we are now able to sell good quantities to supermarkets and In the Gambia, implementation of sector-wide minimarkets,’ said Momodou A. Ceesay, Managing Director competitiveness and diversification strategies has been of the Gambia Horticultural Enterprises. marked by a significant uptick in the health of the country’s cashew industry, with better production practices and rising yields complemented by growing trade opportunities. Eight The future companies have been trained in Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), a start-to-end food safety ITC aims to work with the Ho Chi Minh City University of management system that can be essential for accessing Technology to establish a cashew processing factory-school certain markets. ITC has built the capacity of local food in Benin to facilitate the transfer of Vietnamese expertise, safety experts who will replicate training work with other building on the success of a similar venture in Côte d’Ivoire. SMEs and ensure that the initiative’s quality and food safety results are sustainable well into the future. In the Gambia, ITC is facilitating partnerships with international institutions to expand on the results achieved. ‘Farmers have learned about best practices in farming as For example, the Gambia Standards Bureau has signed well as farm management and as a result production has a memorandum of understanding to cooperate with the increased,’ said Alpha Ousman Jallow, Executive Secretary American Society for Testing Materials, and the CAG has for the Cashew Alliance of the Gambia (CAG), pointing to set up a partnership with the African Cashew Alliance for quality improvements and yield growth estimates ranging technical cooperation. In both countries, the key will be to from 100% to 400% across the country. leverage the initial investment made with the Enhanced The sector’s trade performance has also improved. When Integrated Framework. the strategy formulation process started in 2012, annual cashew exports were typically around 15,000 tons. By 2014, this reached 75,000 tons, due to improved transportation and marketing infrastructure combined with new market opportunities as Chinese traders joined their Indian counterparts in sourcing from the Gambian market.

In an impact survey, enterprises that worked directly with Funder ITC reported increased sales, exports and/or employment. For Yassin Jal Mbye, the owner and manager of Jal’s Health Enhanced Integrated Framework Foods, implementing better food safety practices have

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 47 ITC INNOVATES © shutterstock.com E-Solutions to connect Moroccan SMEs to global markets 1

The challenge The solution

E-commerce accounts for more than US$15 trillion in ITC has developed a comprehensive package of technical business-to-business (B2B) transactions and well over and advisory services, collectively referred to as US$1 trillion in sales to consumers each year. Online sales ‘E-Solutions,’ to help firms better understand e-commerce present unique opportunities for small and medium-sized and overcome barriers to selling goods and services over enterprises (SMEs) to access international markets. the internet. Platforms such as eBay, Alibaba and Etsy, coupled with Some of these solutions were piloted in Côte d’Ivoire in payment systems like PayPal, make it possible for SMEs 2014, where sellers were enabled to receive payments from to become ‘micro-multinationals’ selling to customers the United States in a legally compliant manner through around the world. PayPal, Visa, and MasterCard. The full suite of services was Yet the internet-enabled erasure of geographical barriers put to the test in Morocco in 2015. In January of that year, a has not yet translated into reality for SMEs in many group of Moroccan SMEs that had been using e-commerce developing countries seeking to scale up international sales. to sell products domestically formed a cooperative, called While major B2B transactions are paid for by traditional ‘Made in Morocco,’ with the goal of exporting. In May, the letters of credit or bank transfers, smaller-scale purchases firms, whose wares range from olive oil and cosmetics to are more complicated. Credit card purchases do not always books and music, asked ITC for help with boosting their cross borders smoothly, and potential customers are often access to – and competitiveness in – foreign markets. uneasy about having sensitive information processed by ITC took a multi-pronged approach. On the payments side, unknown foreign banks. Bank transfers for modest amounts to enable the cooperative to correctly handle import duties are expensive, and the coverage of international payment and domestic taxes, and to counter customer unease with systems is far from universal. Merchant accounts – essential unfamiliar banks, ITC helped it establish a formal commercial to sell things, as opposed to simply purchase them – are presence in Europe, the United States and the United Arab not made available in several locations, due to foreign Emirates. These structures enable the cooperative’s exchange controls or because small market sizes do not members to process credit card payments and repatriate outweigh the costs of anti-money-laundering controls. earnings in a cost-effective and transparent manner; they Costly logistics presents another challenge to SME also reassure customers that they will benefit fully from local competitiveness: internet consumers want free shipping and consumer protection laws. On logistics, ITC brokered easy returns. storage, distribution, and transportation deals with African companies account for less than 2% of global international partners to facilitate competitive shipping times consumer e-commerce. Morocco is an unusual case: it has and costs. These make it possible for Made in Morocco a number of successful domestic e-commerce businesses, firms to ship in bulk – and hence at low unit cost – to but foreign exchange restrictions, challenges managing ‘e-fulfilment’ warehouses, such as one in France, where customs duties and local taxes in destination markets, and products can be swiftly repackaged and dispatched when difficulties building relationships with international buyers orders come in from the region. Importantly, the local mean that the country’s enterprises are largely absent from presence makes it easy for unsatisfied customers to return the global e-commerce marketplace. purchases.

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1. Money transaction facilitated by ITC application 2.-4. ITC ‘e-Commerce Souk’ event ‘Made in Morocco,’ Geneva

the other African countries in multiple cities across Europe. The caravan, which is in effect a travelling series of pop-up 200% stores, will aim to make direct sales and to drum up new increase in the share of Made online interest through the cooperatives’ own sites as well in Morocco website visitors who as via other marketplaces, such as eBay and Amazon, make a purchase where their products will be made available. DHL, which is partnering with ITC, will facilitate the importation of the goods into Europe as well as the fulfilment of online orders. Since ITC initiated its collaboration with Made in Morocco, several members of the cooperative have sold goods such as couscous, spices, and home decoration items in Europe for the first time. The cooperative is growing, and now counts over 400 SMEs. Made in Morocco has sharply increased export sales, and has tripled its ‘transformation rate’ – the share of website visitors who become customers. It has also generated its first foreign B2B deals, including a sale of argan oil worth over US$30,000 to a hotel in Paris. ITC is also working to directly build awareness of Made in Morocco by connecting the firms to overseas customers through trade fairs, exhibitions and special events. For example, in December 2015, ITC held ‘e-Commerce Souks’ – from the Arabic word for markets – in Geneva, enabling products from about 25 Made in Morocco members to be sold directly to individuals and local businesses there.

The future

In 2016, ITC is planning to roll out E-Solutions in Ethiopia, Mongolia, Rwanda and Senegal. In addition to national cooperatives and online platforms, the three African countries will be grouped into a Pan-African collective – the Africa Electronic Commerce Cooperative – for greater scale and impact. During the year, ITC will organize a series of promotional Funders events, dubbed an ‘e-Commerce Caravan,’ showcasing Made in Morocco merchandise together with products from Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 49 © shutterstock.com

Promoting and Mainstreaming Inclusive and Green Trade

Empowering Women to Trade Highlights

ITC established partnerships with leading private sector The Empowering Women to Trade Programme contributes companies such as Google and illycaffè to provide to the economic empowerment of women by increasing the knowledge and technical expertise to women entrepreneurs participation in trade of women-owned businesses from with the goal of facilitating access to markets. developing countries, raising the value of the international business they transact and diversifying the markets they A publication, Unlocking Markets for Women to Trade, drew access. on sex-disaggregated data from ITC’s non-tariff measure (NTM) surveys to provide policymakers and the private sector with insights into how to maximize the effectiveness Key results of their interventions to support women entrepreneurs. The publication was launched in December at the inaugural International Forum on Women in Business. Hosted by ITC SheTrades initiative launched with a Call to in collaboration with the Government of Kenya and Barclays Bank alongside the World Trade Organization Ministerial Action to connect 1 million women Conference in Nairobi, the event brought top trade entrepreneurs to markets by 2020 policymakers into the global conversation on women’s economic empowerment. US$4.6 million in coffee exports by Building on its global initiative to increase the share of women-owned African SMEs public procurement contracts that go to women-owned businesses, ITC in 2015 launched an e-learning course US$20 million in letters of intent to do to accompany Procurement Map, ITC’s new market business signed by women-owned businesses intelligence tool. Aimed at government officials, the course at the Women Vendors Exhibition and Forum explains how public sourcing practices can be crafted to in Brazil provide greater opportunities to women vendors. ITC supports the establishment and development of women focused institutions such as chapters of the International Women’s Coffee Alliance. In 2015, through trade missions and B2B meetings, ITC supported African women in the coffee industry, from countries including Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to achieve exports valued at US$4.6 million. In Papua New Guinea, ITC worked with cooperatives around the country to establish the Bilum Export Promotion

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1. International Forum on Women in Business, Nairobi, Kenya 2. Coffee tasting at 12th African Fine Coffee Conference & Exhibition 2015, Nairobi, Kenya

Association, which is providing training and marketing In the State of Palestine, women-run companies services to around 300 makers of woven bilum bags and participating in the Enhancing Women SMEs Development other products. (EWED) project reported a near doubling of sales between 2013 and 2015 to US$546,000, leading to increased In Mongolia, women-owned businesses in the wool and incomes and the creation of new jobs. cashmere sector met prospective buyers and made sales worth over US$260,000 through ITC-facilitated participation in trade shows in Mongolia, New York, and Dubai.

Setting goals and leveraging technology to empower women

ITC in 2015 launched SheTrades, a wide-ranging initiative to empower women economically through greater integration in global trade and investment. One key plank in the initiative is a Call to Action setting out a framework for all development stakeholders to make specific, measurable pledges that contribute to connecting one million women entrepreneurs to markets by 2020. Across seven pillars - data collection, analysis and dissemination; trade policy; corporate procurement; public procurement; supply side constraints; financial services; and ownership rights – the call invites companies, governments, international agencies and civil society organizations to commit to empowering women-owned businesses. The second is an innovative web and mobile app, also called SheTrades. Launched in December 2015, the app is a product of a global tech challenge co-sponsored by ITC, Google and the Brazilian firm CI&T. It was won by GreenBell Communications, a small women-led tech company from Kenya. The app allows women-owned businesses from around the world to make connections, build networks, and showcase the goods and services they offer. Prospective buyers, meanwhile, can use customized filters to identify companies that meet their requirements.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 51 ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1. Specialty Coffee Association of America Symposium 2015, Seattle 2.&3. Palestinian women making traditional embroidery 7. Showcase of Cambodian silk products, Phnom Penh

Empowering Poor Communities to Trade 705 media mentions, including in Vogue and the New York Times, for the ITC Ethical Fashion The Empowering Poor Communities to Trade Programme Initiative aims to create sustainable income opportunities for poor, marginalized communities (including refugee groups) by 78% of ITC Ethical Fashion Initiative connecting them to international markets. It fosters market participants used new skills to build their own connections and helps micro-scale producers, often in the businesses informal sector, add value to goods and services by means of market-driven supply chains in sectors from fashion and agribusiness to tourism and business process outsourcing Highlights services. In 2015, the ITC Ethical Fashion Initiative (EFI), which connects artisans from poor communities to the top end Key results of the international fashion value chain, established new partnerships and expanded its work to new countries and export markets. In Ethiopia, the EFI launched a partnership 70% increase in fashion item trade for with a local tannery to develop Africa’s first chrome-free social enterprises since 2014 leather, and to expand the company’s manufacturing capabilities into luxury bags and shoes. 100% increase in income of weavers In Haiti, the EFI consolidated partnerships for its central involved with Cambodia silk project production and management hub. Haitian micro-producers working with EFI received orders from international and local designers including Stella Jean, Osklen, Coin, Pascale Theard and Simbi. After improving their skills in metalwork, carving and beading, artisan groups are now producing higher-value jewellery and accessories. In response to international market demand, they are also moving into hat-making. In Burkina Faso and Mali, the textile cooperatives working with the EFI in 2015 exported 3,000 metres of fabrics to Italy, Japan, Ethiopia, the United Kingdom and the United States, creating increased work opportunities for some 200 artisans involved in the weaving supply chain. Further up the value chain, the EFI organized 15 fashion events to showcase the work of emerging African designers, who translated the increased exposure into new export sales in Europe, Japan, 7 and the United States.

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4.&6. Textile and garment production by women entrepreneurs and their staff in Ethiopia © Petterik Wiggers 5. Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General, and ITC Executive Director Arancha González visit a Centre for Accelerated Women’s Economic Empowerment project, Ethiopia © Petterik Wiggers 8. Horn training in Haiti by Osklen © Marie Arago

Since 2015, the EFI’s production hub in Kenya has been a Youth and Trade fully privately owned business managing the commercial ties between fashion brands and the network of over 1,300 The Youth and Trade Programme aims to enable young artisans; ITC’s involvement with the private social business entrepreneurs to internationalize their businesses and consists primarily of advisory services on market increase income and employment opportunities. Through connections, sustainability and social responsibility. e-learning programmes, roadmaps for identifying constraints and opportunities, and accelerators offering a range of trade- In Cambodia, ITC’s export diversification and expansion facilitating services to youth-owned start-ups, the programme program (CEDEP) has led to a 20% to 30% increase in connects young entrepreneurs to international markets. reported sales and profits by high-value silk exporters, through skills and quality upgrading, better business planning and relationship building with foreign buyers via Key results trade fairs and marketing missions. Connections to the tourism value chain have been strengthened, as 14 beneficiary companies reported a 46% increase in the sales value of silk ITC’s Trade Accelerator for youth-owned products sold to tourists between 2012 and 2015, alongside a SMEs started operations in Morocco with 74% increase in exports, leading to the creation of 88 new 12 companies, of which 6 are run by women jobs. Over the same time period, weavers involved with project beneficiaries reported a 100% increase in their monthly average income from silk weaving. In March 2015, Highlights Cambodia established a National Silk Sector Development and Promotion Commission, which is now updating a silk E-learning modules on youth entrepreneurship and export sector development strategy with ITC support. were designed along with a Youth roadmap methodology to better integrate businesses in trade development strategies.

In Morocco, a Trade Accelerator was pilot-tested in partnership with the Ministry of Trade and the Association Marocaine des Exportateurs (ASMEX) in order to support youth-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to internationalize through better business practices and solutions for access to finance and markets. After a careful selection process, a dozen companies – half of them owned by women – in the information technology, agri-food and home décor sectors were identified to work with the accelerator. New partnerships were signed with the the International Labour Organization Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth, Youth Business International and Child Youth Finance International. ITC is also part of the Inter-Agency Network on 8 Youth Development.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 53 ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

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1.&2. Tea factory, Makomboki, Kenya 3.&4. Harvesting quinoa, Peru © Tomas Munita

Trade and Environment Highlights

The Trade and Environment Programme aims to strengthen In Madagascar, ITC facilitated training activities for the competitiveness of developing country SMEs in green associations representing 200 women from the region economy markets. Through capacity building, trade surrounding the Makira National Park on climate resilient intelligence, and market connections, it uses international cultivation and processing of raffia, a palm fibre traditionally demand to create incentives for better environmental used to make handicrafts, twine, rope, and clothing practice while improving livelihoods in marginalized rural (see case study). ITC also worked to foster sustainability communities. in the crocodile skin leather sector, training stakeholders in sustainable production while advising Madagascar’s environment ministry on how to comply with processes Key results required by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

In Peru, ITC supported 12 SMEs and smallholder farmer 6 associations representing 200 women cooperatives producing indigenous varieties of high-value raffia producers in Madagascar assisted to cocoa to improve product quality, marketing and branding; become export ready it also used trade fairs in Peru and abroad to connect them to lucrative niche markets. The Peruvian Cocoa and Over US$1.6 million in sales by Chocolate Showcase in Lima resulted in direct international 6 Peruvian cocoa cooperatives sales contracts of more than US$300,000 for Peruvian cooperatives, including an indigenous association from the country’s Amazon region. ITC also enabled six Peruvian 530 small-scale quinoa farmers in Peru cooperatives and six chocolate companies to attend the improved climate-resilient and organic Salon du Chocolat in Paris, which led to direct sales worth farming practices US$1.38 million (see case study).

5 SME grain processors in Peru received gluten-free certification, opening door to lucrative niche markets

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5.&6. Mongolian workers manufacturing cashmere, wool and yak hair products 7. Cocoa farmer, Peru © Norandino

Also in Peru, ITC trained 530 quinoa farmers in climate- resilient agriculture techniques. SMEs producing Andean 2015 Funders grains received training on organic, gluten-free and food safety certification, improving their export readiness. Core funders In 2015, five received gluten-free certification, opening the Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, door to meaningful price premiums and new export Sweden markets. A new ITC publication, Climate Change and the Agri-Food Trade, examines how building the climate resilience of SME agricultural exporters in Peru and Uganda Project-specific funders could contribute to greater competitiveness. Australia, Enhanced Integrated Framework, Germany, In Kenya, ITC worked with the country’s vulnerable coffee Japan, Namibia, One UN SDG Fund, Switzerland, and tea sectors to enhance capacity to cope with climate United Kingdom, United States change. It trained 200 coffee farmers, 81 lead tea farmers and the management boards of five tea cooperatives (representing some 65,000 smallholder farmers) to reduce firewood use and introduce new agricultural techniques to cope with unfamiliar temperature and rainfall patterns. ITC partnered with Kering Group to raise awareness of sustainable sourcing and governance practices for python skins, which are used in high-end leather goods. A publication, The trade in wildlife - a framework to improve biodiversity and livelihood outcomes, jointly prepared by ITC and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, explains the conditions under which trade can benefit conservation and local livelihoods.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 55 CASE STUDY

Empowering women in Madagascar through climate-smart raffia production 1

The challenge But this has not translated into a payoff for the women’s cooperatives that typically process raffia and sell it on to In developing countries, widespread rural poverty can sit traders: raffia yields have been battered by deforestation uneasily with the protection of biodiversity. While many and climate change. people rely on natural resources to meet subsistence ‘I think that due to climate change, there is less raffia in needs, others see greater economic gain, at least in the the area,’ said Florine Zafijery, a member of a women’s near term, in destroying fragile habitats, whether for association producing raffia around the Makira National agricultural or industrial use. It is possible to reconcile Park in north-eastern Madagascar. ‘In the past raffia could urgent livelihood needs with sustainable stewardship of live up to 50 years. Now, it lasts only 20 years.’ local plant and animal species by linking economic opportunities to biodiversity protection. Doing so can even help communities better adapt to climate change. However, The response it requires the right incentives and support structures. Madagascar’s forests are biodiversity hotspots, home to ITC is working with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) species found nowhere else. At the same time, the country to build climate resilience, improve sustainability practices, faces serious development challenges. Its unique forest and raise incomes in communities reliant on raffia for their habitats are threatened by slash and burn agriculture and livelihoods. illegal logging, exacerbating the already visible fallout from In the face of declining yields, the women’s associations changing temperature and rainfall patterns. must improve harvesting practices and upgrade processing Fibres from raffia palms have long been used for making and quality to meet the exacting standards of international traditional handicrafts, twine, rope, and clothing. More buyers. To maximize the prices they receive, associations recently, woven hats and bags made from raffia have need to complement increased productivity with improved started to find favour in the international fashion industry. product design and direct sales (cutting out middlemen) to international buyers. In areas surrounding the WCS-managed Makira National Park, ITC is training women’s associations on climate change adaptation, climate-smart raffia harvesting and processing techniques, and organizational management. By increasing incomes for households near Makira Park, one of the country’s largest remaining mid-elevation tropical forests, the project aims to reduce dependence on unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and engage local communities as collaborative managers in the 372,000-hectare park’s conservation activities. ‘Local people used to exploit the forest for a living. When we 5 encouraged them to preserve the forest, we had to present them with another source of income,’ said Julie Félixine,

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1. Raffia products 2. Raffia fibre processing 3. Raffia harvesting near the Makira National Park, Madagascar 4. Training on climate-smart production, Madagascar 5. Raffia hat making

that have reached the maximum age, and used primarily for ‘Promoting the raffia value chain ensures that reforestation. By allowing the palms to live longer, these the local population has an income-generating improved practices conserve the habitat of many local plant activity and prevents the forests from being and animal species, including lemurs and the carnivorous cat-like fossa, which is endemic to Madagascar. exploited. ’ In addition, the women are now able to produce more Julie Félixine, Trainer, Wildlife Conservation Society sophisticated raffia products, such as bags and hats, positioning them to target higher-value export markets. a WCS trainer. ‘Promoting the raffia value chain ensures that the local population has an income-generating activity and The future prevents the forests from being exploited.’ In 2016, the project’s training activities will expand to cover eight additional women’s associations in the Makira Park The results area, bringing the total number of beneficiaries to 450. Furthermore, two women from each of the participating In 2015, ITC and WCS conducted training workshops for associations will receive intensive training on product design around 200 women from six women’s associations in the and manufacture for the international market, enabling them Makira area. Subjects included raffia harvesting, sorting, in turn to train their peers, with the goal of better equipping drying, tanning, quality improvements, and reforestation. the associations to sell value-added products. The goal was to ensure climate awareness and resilience alongside long-term profitability. ITC will build on its market-connecting work to create a network of potential raffia buyers, and, together with WCS, This capacity building was implemented in two stages. will help the associations legally organize into one First, four women from each association – 24 in total – cooperative so they can more easily strike contracts with received training to equip them to train their fellow international buyers. association members in the long run. Next, training workshops were held in multiple villages for some 180 women from the six associations. ‘During the training, we learned a lot about raffia and we are now crafting better-quality items,’ said Florine Zafijery, one of the producers. Zafijery and her colleagues are how harvesting raffia more sustainably, having learned not to harvest leaves yet to reach a certain minimum length. They are also refraining from harvesting the edible fruit that sprouts from the terminal Funders buds of raffia palms, since doing so prevents subsequent branch growth and ultimately causes palms to die Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden prematurely. Instead, fruits will only be harvested from palms

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 57 CASE STUDY

Harnessing cocoa trade to improve livelihoods, protect biodiversity in Peru 1

The challenge biodiversity. Estimates suggest that cocoa production involves around 45,000 households, directly affecting the The conservation of rich but fragile ecosystems often relies lives of around 225,000 people in Peru’s Amazon region. on giving local communities an incentive to protect biodiversity rather than to unsustainably exploit resources. The Peruvian Amazon is one of the world’s most diverse The response ecosystems. Communities in the region depend on natural resources for consumption and to generate income. Yet Enhancing incentives to protect biodiversity by connecting unsustainable use, leading to biodiversity loss, can threaten local communities to international markets for sustainably livelihoods, compounding the impacts of climate change. grown and harvested biodiversity-based products is a central plank of ITC’s work. Since 2014, ITC has enabled Cocoa – particularly the top-quality ‘fine or flavour’ varieties Peruvian SMEs and smallholder farmers producing fine or prized in international luxury chocolate markets for their flavour cocoa to improve product sustainability, quality and unique taste – offers a path to better livelihoods and the traceability, while facilitating direct connections to buyers in preservation of endemic biodiversity. Many of these fine or lucrative niche markets. flavour cocoa beans – as distinct from ‘ordinary’ or ‘bulk’ varieties – are native to the Amazon region. But Peruvian The project operates on multiple fronts. It provides technical smallholder farmers and SMEs producing native cocoa and assistance to cocoa-producing cooperatives and SMEs to its derivatives often cannot reap the rewards of higher prices enable them to identify and showcase their fine or flavour and incomes because they struggle to differentiate and varieties. In tandem with this, it helps them improve product position their product in the highly competitive international quality, meet international safety (Hazard Analysis Critical market. The obstacles they must overcome include a lack of Control Point) and sustainability (such as organic or fair market information, weak business connections, and trade) standards, and bolster their branding and marketing. insufficient capacity to comply with market requirements At the countrywide level, ITC worked to strengthen the such as sustainability certification. national cocoa taster network to serve as an independent quality control body and a mechanism for transmitting best Limited access to lucrative niche international markets hurts practices to cultivators and businesses. Finally, SMEs from the livelihoods of the smallholders who dominate cocoa the Peruvian Amazon are being supported to participate in cultivation in Peru. It also encourages the cultivation of national and international trade fairs with the aim of forging lower-value, non-endemic cocoa varieties, which come with connections with new buyers of chocolate and other cocoa a bigger environmental footprint and risks to local products.

Peruvian smallholder farmers and SMEs The results producing native cocoa often cannot reap the rewards of higher prices and incomes because Two years into the project’s implementation, awareness they struggle to position their product in the in the region about the benefits of sustainable business highly competitive international market. practices in the fine or flavour cocoa sector has substantially increased. Capacity building to bring harvest and post-harvest treatment practices in line with

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1.&2. Cocoa harvesting and processing © Tomas Munita 3. Business meeting at Peruvian Cocoa and Chocolate Showcase, Lima 4. Cocoa-growing cooperative members at the Salon du Chocolat Paris

processing, and are well positioned to suggest US$1.68 million improvements. Prior to the project, however, Peru’s cocoa in sales for Peruvian SMEs from taster network did not offer capacity building to participation in chocolate industry cooperatives. It will now act as the national reference point trade fairs for cocoa quality control, offering training in the country’s main cocoa-producing regions. international quality and sanitary standards has been The future delivered to cocoa-producing cooperatives representing around 1,800 smallholder farmers. Cooperatives and SMEs In 2016, together with Promperú and other local trade have received technical support to diversify their product support and investment institutions, ITC will continue its basket to include chocolate, cocoa nibs, and couverture, technical assistance programme for cocoa cooperatives a high-value product rich in cocoa butter used by chocolate- and SMEs in Peru. makers for dipping and coating. They have also been trained in improved branding, marketing and sustainable ITC is planning to replicate efforts to promote sustainably packaging. sourced cocoa and cocoa products in other fine or flavour cocoa-producing countries in the region, such as Ecuador Coupled with quality improvements and standards and Colombia. compliance, participation in national and international trade fairs has yielded substantial dividends. The Peruvian SMEs that participated in trade fairs thanks to ITC support registered sales of US$1.68 million for products ranging from cocoa beans and nibs to cocoa butter and chocolate. In 2015, ITC helped bring the prestigious International Chocolate Awards to Peru, marking the first time the event had been held in a cocoa-producing nation. International chocolatiers were invited to serve as judges for the awards, thus expanding their exposure to Peruvian cocoa products. ITC also worked with the Peruvian Association of Cocoa Producers (APPCACAO) to help cooperatives participate in the competition. Together with the APPCACAO; the Ministry of Agriculture; Promperú, Peru’s trade promotion agency; and the Latin American Development Bank (CAF), ITC has reinforced the national cocoa taster network to equip it to spread best practices on quality control and upgrading for native Funders varieties of Peruvian cocoa. In the cocoa supply chain, tasters are key quality control points: they assess both Canada, Denmark, Germany, India, Ireland, Norway, Sweden cocoa beans and the intermediate products of post-harvest

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 59 ITC INNOVATES

Leveraging technology for sustainable food systems 1

The challenge Businesses looking to procure sustainably produced food might struggle to find suitable suppliers. The sheer number Achieving long-term food security in the face of a growing of sustainability standards can be confusing for consumers world population demands sustainability. This in turn means simply seeking reassurance about how their food ended up producing more food from less water, soil, air and chemical on their plate. inputs; consuming more responsibly, with far less waste; Meanwhile, for governments seeking to encourage protecting ecosystems and biodiversity; and securing better sustainability in their agriculture sectors, figuring out where livelihoods for millions of SMEs and farmers. best to target finite resources is anything but straightforward. Consumers are increasingly demanding sustainably produced goods, and markets have responded with a proliferation of voluntary sustainability standards and The solution certification schemes. Big buyers and retailers have pledged to source products more sustainably; their efforts To meet the supply-chain-wide need for tools to make food are visible on supermarket shelves across Europe and and agriculture systems more sustainable and traceable, North America, and increasingly in middle-income ITC, in partnership with GS1, the not-for-profit supply chain countries worldwide. standards organization, is developing an online global registry – akin to LinkedIn, but for farmers. These voluntary standards represent both opportunities and challenges for producers, businesses and consumers. The concept is straightforward: farmers and agribusinesses For SMEs and small-scale farmers, providing evidence of who sign up will get a ’sustainable location number,’ a good sustainability practices can be difficult and costly. unique geo-location code containing information such as the name, gender and product profile of the farmer. Once they are in the registry, they will be able to showcase their own sustainability performance and certifications. They will also be able connect to a marketplace with potential buyers, who will have access to the network. For farmers and agribusinesses, the initiative offers an online presence, often for the first time, making them visible to global buyers who prioritize sustainable sourcing. The platform will equip farmers to improve their sustainability practices by conducting self-assessments of how they perform against the demands of different sustainability standards. They would also be able, if they so wish, to signal where they were falling short on trade or sustainability performance, calling attention to where governments and development partners could concentrate interventions. Buyers and retailers, meanwhile, will be able to manage and communicate their sustainable supply chain commitments

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1. Harvesting bananas in Ukerewe, Tanzania 2. Farmers checking rice paddy growth using a smart phone, India 3. Farmers harvesting and loading peanuts, Myanmar 4. Checking tomato plants using a digital tablet (all photos: © shutterstock.com)

More broadly, the initiative contributes to the UN Global Goals on ending hunger and ensuring sustainable production and consumption. 101010101

The future

Once the registry is launched, a virtual sustainability marketplace will be set up for farmers to connect to potential trading partners. Through the marketplace, they will also be able to access training materials, exchange experiences online within communities of practice, and complete self-assessments against over 200 standards and codes of conduct. The farmer and agribusiness data generated by this sustainability marketplace will be enormously valuable to governments worldwide. For example, policymakers will be able to access anonymized data on the number of farmers in particular geographic locations, as well as their respective methods of production. They will be able to understand where women-owned farms and agribusinesses are located, or identify regions where farmers are having particular difficulty improving sustainable practice, or connecting to international supply chains. This intelligence will enable evidence-based decision making and the development of tailored solutions. to their customers with greater confidence. This will help make agriculture value chains more traceable and transparent. The initiative is part of ITC’s broader work, through its Trade for Sustainable Development (T4SD) Programme, to promote sustainable supply chains as a means to help SMEs boost revenues by adding value to their products and services. It will complement ITC’s Standards Map, a free Funders online tool that helps people understand the different voluntary standards on the market. Germany, SAI Platform, Switzerland

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Supporting Regional Economic Integration and South-South Links

Boosting Regional Trade (ECCAS), the Indian Ocean Commission and the AUC. Reflecting the priorities of the respective regional communities, the projects cover issues such as trade The Boosting Regional Trade Programme works with facilitation, agri-food value chain development, light governments and the private sector to reduce the cost of manufacturing and services, with the ultimate objective of cross-border trade at the regional level and to help businesses inclusive development and job creation. take advantage of the potential offered by nearby markets. As part of a multi-region project to develop supply chains Key Results from cotton production through to finished clothing, ITC supported African regional economic communities to implement their cotton-to-clothing strategies. With ITC US$214 000 worth of mango exports support, UEMOA, ECCAS and COMESA developed cotton under negotiation from Kenya to Tanzania, value chain projects with regional scope. Zambia and the Gulf region In the EAC, ITC supported talks on revising regional services trade commitments among Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Action plan developed to identify and reduce Tanzania and Uganda, with a focus on ensuring private trade barriers across the Arab region sector perspectives were represented in the negotiations. The region is in the process of establishing mutual recognition agreements that would smooth the path for professionals such Highlights as accountants, architects engineers and lawyers from one EAC country to work in another. ITC organized sensitization In 2015, ITC’s strategy in Africa was fully aligned to the workshops across the region and drafted publications to African Union’s Action Plan for Boosting Intra-African Trade. explain the opportunities created by these agreements and ITC assisted the African Union Commission (AUC) in by the common market for services more generally. building consensus to establish a pan-African business In Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia, ITC has worked to help organization, the African Business Council, to ensure private businesses exchange best practices, improve operational sector participation in policy formulation at the continental efficiency and take advantage of economic integration within level. ITC is also an official partner to set up a Pan-African the region. Thanks to this work, Tanzanian mango and chilli Trade Observatory, which will enhance access to trade and processors have found new business opportunities in market intelligence across the continent. countries in eastern and southern Africa. In the same three In this context, regional projects were developed for the countries, 21 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa enhanced food safety and hygiene practices through (COMESA), the Economic Community of West African implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point States (ECOWAS), the East African Community (EAC), (HACCP) food safety principles. In Tanzania, 15 SMEs have the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), improved their packaging and supply chain management. the Economic Community of Central African States

62 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE ITC INTERVENTIONS: DOING MORE, BETTER

1 2 3

1. Training of Zambian handloom weavers on block printing techniques at the Indian Institute of Handloom Technology 2. SITA ginger pilot – Ethiopia 3. Field visit of Kenya and Tanzania mango stakeholders to a mango plantation, Zambia

In the Arab region, ITC worked with the League of Arab States Five companies report having already transacted business to improve transparency and harmonization for rules of origin valued at US$5 million with Indian buyers: US$2 million in and customs procedures to spur more trade across the turmeric exports from Ethiopia, US$1 million each in pulses region. Participants have agreed to a coordinated regional and cotton from Tanzania, and US$1 million of cotton approach identifying priority actions to reduce current non- shipped from Uganda. tariff-measure-related challenges faced by companies in the As part of ITC’s work to enhance the capacities of Asian region. This work is being conducted in close collaboration LDCs to export to China, representatives from 28 SMEs and with the League’s technical committees on implementation of four trade and investment support institutions (TISIs) from the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA). Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Nepal were trained in Chinese market standards and requirements. They also promoted their products – mainly home decoration, fashion South-South Trade and Investment accessories and processed food - and met prospective buyers at the China Import Expo 2015 (CIE), the country’s The South-South Trade and Investment Programme biggest import-oriented trade fair. promotes commercial linkages among emerging Other ITC programmes also contribute to enabling SMEs to economies, developing countries and least developed take advantage of South-South trade and investment countries (LDCs), with a focus on enhancing value-added opportunities. To take one example, getting Moroccan food trade, investment and technology transfer connections exporters’ halal certification recognized by Malaysian between SMEs and emerging market buyers and investors. authorities paved the way for greater exports to Malaysia and elsewhere (see case study). Key results

US$50 million worth of investment and trade deals under negotiation between Indian 2015 Funders and East African companies Core funders Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Highlights Ireland, Norway, Sweden

Business connections fostered by the Supporting Indian Trade and Investment for Africa (SITA) project have Project-specific funders resulted in 16 Memoranda of Understanding either signed or in the advanced negotiation stage (see case study). China, Egypt, European Union, Finland, International These include an agreement between Indian and Kenyan Islamic Trade Finance Corporation, Islamic partners to set up a plant to produce bio-fertilizer from Development Bank, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, tannery waste; multiple deals involving Indian firms Sweden, United Kingdom importing pulses from Uganda and Kenya; and three accords between a Rwandan business process outsourcing company and Indian firms.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 63 CASE STUDY

SITA: Forging new trade and investment connections between East Africa and India 1

The challenge The response

Preferential trade access and growing demand in emerging ITC’s initial work on the project has centred on bringing economies such as India have created new opportunities together stakeholders from business and government to for East African countries to use international trade and foster public-private sector discussions, and generate investment to drive growth, poverty reduction, and evidence-based policy options for increasing trade and diversification. Yet low tariffs alone are often not enough for investment flows across the Indian Ocean. As part of these would-be exporters to overcome weaknesses in supply side efforts, pulses sector stakeholders have set out priority capacity, market information and domestic institutions. actions aimed at ultimately bolstering productivity and exports at the partnership platforms organized by the ITC’s Supporting Indian Trade and Investment for Africa project. (SITA) project was set up to catalyse increased trade and business linkages between five East African countries and In November 2014, the Indian Pulses and Grains India. A staple of diets across India, pulses emerged from Association, an industry group, arranged the first meeting, the project’s initial consultations as a promising sector for in Mumbai, between SITA’s project team and prospective connecting African producers to Indian buyers and investors. buyers and investors. The goal was to gauge Indian industry India is the world’s largest producer, consumer, and interest in doing business in East Africa. This gathering importer of pulses such as dried beans, peas and lentils. prompted a Mumbai-based importer, to explore new supply source opportunities in selected Eastern African countries. Pulse production and trade can boost rural incomes and economic growth in East African countries, especially Industry groups, which are key stakeholders in the project, if relatively smaller producers are able to connect to also played a critical role on the East African side of the international markets. Existing production in the region equation: while the Indian importer was exploring is well below potential, due to market uncertainties and opportunities in the region, the Eastern Africa Grain Council outdated farming processes; greater export market (EAGC) worked with its members to engage with diversification would make incomes more stable. prospective Indian buyers. Meanwhile, India, where protein-rich pulses are a critical Meanwhile, ITC also engaged with Indian companies that contributor to reducing malnutrition, currently relies on have worked with farmers in India to improve productivity industrial-scale suppliers, often from distant geographies, and quality. The aim is to introduce successful models to for imports. farmers’ groups in East Africa, and ultimately to procure the Though East African producers have made limited forays increased production. into the Indian market, pulse processors in the region have As part of the project, ITC will facilitate the building of ties a strong appetite for expanding their production and export among TISIs in East Africa and India, creating a network for capacities in order to enter it and other new and growing sharing best practices and enabling trade and investment markets. To invest in raising production, the smallholders who across the Indian Ocean. grow the lion’s share of pulses need greater predictability about demand for their crops. Meanwhile, targeted assistance would help would-be exporters understand Indian market conditions and achieve market entry.

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1. SITA needs assessment and project design mission, Kenya 2. SITA’s fourth partnership platform meeting, India 3. SITA needs assessment and project design mission, Kenya 4. Sunflower oil needs assessment and project design mission, Uganda

The results Tata [an Indian conglomerate] since July 2015. We hope to build on these relationships.’ Thanks to connections facilitated by the project, some Another woman entrepreneur, Rose Mutuku, CEO of Smart Indian firms have already struck deals to buy pulses from Logistics, a Kenyan firm, is in advanced negotiations with East Africa. Indian buyers, and expects to close its first contracts to The Mumbai-based importer has entered into five-year export Kenyan pulses to India in 2016. memoranda of understanding with farmers’ groups from Uganda and Kenya to purchase pigeon peas, a type of pulse, worth an estimated US$8.6 to 16 million (prices are The future only established after harvest). The first lot of pulses is expected to ship during the second quarter of 2016. In order By 2020, SITA aims to have helped medium-sized Indian to operate closer to its sources of supply, the firm has companies diversify their supplier base to include East registered a company in Kenya and set up a procurement African companies. Meanwhile East African producers will office and warehousing facilities at Athi River in Machakos have successfully penetrated the Indian pulses market, County, Kenya. It is in the process of negotiating a hitherto the preserve of industrial-scale suppliers, generally commitment with the county government to purchase at least from developed countries. Other objectives include 10,000 tons per year of pulses (currently worth US$8 million). improved procurement and logistics infrastructure in East This deal would potentially impact the livelihoods of over Africa, alongside investments productive and value-addition 10,000 farmers in the county. The company has already capacity by Indian businesses. procured 500 tons of pulses, worth close to US$500,000, On the productivity enhancement front, two Indian from Kenyan suppliers. companies are working with ITC to design and implement Among the East African entrepreneurs that built connections interventions to benefit up to 20,000 farmers in Ethiopia and with Indian buyers through the project’s multi-stakeholder Tanzania. These public-private partnerships involving the platform was Sabrina Meharali, managing director of companies, farmers’ groups, governments, and financial Tanzania-based Quality Pulse Exporters. ‘The meetings were institutions, are expected to progress during 2016-2017. a fantastic opportunity to meet Indian companies that would ITC is collaborating with the World Food Programme (WFP) otherwise be harder to approach due to our size,’ she said. to develop a pilot project to leverage the WFP’s farmer ‘We have been able to send over 1,000 tons of pulses to outreach to facilitate direct business linkages with Indian buyers. This project, which would pair additional capital with ‘The meetings were a fantastic opportunity to capacity building at the farm level to improve productivity, meet Indian companies that would otherwise is expected to reach as many as 100,000 farmers by 2020. be harder to approach due to our size. We have been able to send over 1,000 tons of pulses to Tata [an Indian conglomerate] since July 2015. Funder We hope to build on these relationships.’ Sabrina Meharali, Managing Director, Quality Pulse Exporters, Tanzania United Kingdom

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 65 CASE STUDY

In Morocco, halal certification opens the door to new markets 1

The challenge to support the country’s ambition to become an important player in global halal food production and trade. The work Niche markets for foods that meet particular consumer has proceeded on multiple tracks: (i) building awareness preferences – fair trade coffee, say, or organic chocolate – among both SMEs and national institutions about global can command substantial price premiums over the market potential and how to meet different standards; mainstream market rate. But to tap these lucrative markets, (ii) institutional capacity building for auditing and products typically need to prove that they meet consumers’ certification; (iii) facilitating cooperation with halal authorities exacting requirements. An array of voluntary standards now elsewhere, notably work to get JAKIM to recognize responds to a growing range of consumer concerns. But IMANOR’s halal standard; and (iv) linking SMEs to potential getting certified for even one of these standards can be markets, including, for example, backing them to participate expensive and time consuming – making it particularly in the Malaysia International Halal Showcase (MIHAS), tough for SMEs in developing countries to realize the the halal food industry’s most important annual trade fair. resulting income gains. In parallel to this work, ITC worked to shed light on the The global halal food market, valued at US$1.29 trillion, growing landscape of halal standards and certification presents opportunities to would-be exporters in developing procedures by developing a halal-focused version of ITC’s and least developed countries. In many markets, however, Standards Map online tool, which helps farmers, brands, seizing these opportunities requires products to be certified retailers, and consumers understand the myriad of voluntary and labeled as halal. And even in predominantly Muslim countries standards on the market. Halal Standards Map, as the tool like Morocco, where production processes are generally in line will be called, will help suppliers navigate the growing maze with halal requirements, getting such certification can be a of halal standards, identify appropriate audit systems and complex and expensive process, especially for SMEs. institutions, and self-assess their compliance against standards that interest them. An additional complication for businesses is that there is no single international standard for assuring halal integrity. ITC’s work with SMEs has also stimulated market adaptation Regulatory frameworks in the halal sector vary from one and improvement in terms of product quality, packaging and country and region to another. That said, some are accepted aspects related to marketing and branding of the products. in multiple markets. Malaysia’s halal standard – the Southeast

Asian country is one of the world’s biggest markets for food formally certified as halal – is an emerging global benchmark. The results Governed by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), the standard, MS1500:2009, has formed the basis for In January 2015, JAKIM, Malaysia’s halal authority, standards in other jurisdictions. Morocco’s standards recognized ‘Halal Maroc,’ IMANOR’s halal certification as organization, the Institut Marocain de Normalisation (IMANOR), equivalent to its own. Not only has this mutual recognition established a halal certification standard and label in 2012. opened up new market possibilities for Moroccan SMEs in Malaysia, it also creates opportunities in markets that use the Malaysian standard as a benchmark. The response The Moroccan private sector has responded to the change: since January, there has been a three-fold increase in the Since early 2014, ITC has collaborated closely with number of Moroccan companies seeking halal certification Morocco’s Ministry of Foreign Trade and IMANOR from IMANOR. The agency has doubled its halal certification

66 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE 2 3 4

1&2. Cartier Saada, a Marrakesh-based company, processes and exports preserved fruits and vegetables 3. Wassa Foods presenting products to buyers at Malaysia International Halal Show 4. Moroccan delegation at the Halal Industry Development Corporation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

activities; close to 70 companies have received ‘Halal Meanwhile, the Halal Standards Map online tool was Maroc’ certification for more than 200 products ranging from launched last October at ITC’s World Export Development meat and dairy products, to fish, vegetable oils, confectionery Forum. IMANOR’s halal standards were the first to be and beverages. This upward trend is expected to continue, entered in this new ITC database. driven by supportive government policy and greater awareness by Moroccan companies of the potential offered The future by the world halal market. This includes North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, but also the substantial Muslim Morocco is seeking to become a regional hub and a trade communities in Europe, Australia and the Americas. bridge between Europe and Africa for halal products. Business linkages built during an ITC-organized study tour ITC is supporting the Moroccan government in designing to Malaysia and its halal trade fair in April 2014 have yielded a national level strategy to develop the halal sector. considerable dividends. For example, the Moroccan ‘The Kingdom is determined to reinforce the presence of its Exporters Association (ASMEX) signed a cooperation halal products internationally with support of national and agreement with SME Malaysia, a private sector federation. international institutions such as the International Trade Private sector representatives in both countries have Centre,’ said Mohamed Abbou, Morocco’s Minister of cemented two-way trade and investment ties, underscored Foreign Trade, at the December 2015 edition of IMANOR’s by the visit to Morocco of a large Malaysian business annual Halal Forum in Casablanca. delegation. In addition, several of the Moroccan companies went back to MIHAS in 2015 without ITC support. The Kingdom is determined to reinforce the Malaysia’s recognition of the ‘Halal Maroc’ standard made a ‘ tangible difference to Moroccan SMEs’ business prospects presence of its halal products internationally with in Malaysia. For Bouchra El Aychi, a quality handling support of national and international institutions systems manager for Koutoubia Holding, a leading such as the International Trade Centre.’ Moroccan poultry company, recognition for the ‘Halal Maroc’ standard had already been growing in markets such Mohamed Abbou, Minister of Foreign Trade, Morocco as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia where halal-labeled products are mandatory. Such recognition ‘has significantly intensified The 2016 Halal Forum, an event that ITC helped Morocco and expanded to other interesting markets for our business set up, will scale up to the regional level, bringing together after IMANOR has been recognized by JAKIM,’ she said. participants from neighboring countries. ITC’s work with Moroccan SMEs to help them expand their ITC will continue to work with SMEs in different parts of Morocco halal product lines has also yielded dividends. Referring to to develop halal products and enter the global market. his company’s move into making halal baby food, Philippe Karim Charot, one of the founders of Marrakesh-based Agro-Food Industries, said ‘This venture has expanded our exports to 25 countries, in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Funder Middle East. We aim to increase our exports and reach at least all 57 OIC countries.’ Canada

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Joint Advisory Group Two formal and two informal CCITF meetings were held in 2015. Topics addressed with the committee, which ITC receives guidance from stakeholders while updating comprises both ITC funders and beneficiaries, included ITC them on its work at annual sessions of the Joint Advisory financial reports, updates on how ITC was implementing Group (JAG) and meetings of the Consultative Committee recommendations from the past UN and independent for the ITC Trust Fund (CCITF). evaluations, results measurement, ITC’s transition to the programmatic approach, and planning for the year ahead. The 49th formal session of ITC’s Joint Advisory Group (JAG) was held in Geneva on 26 June 2015. Members met to discuss the organization’s Annual Report 2014 and make recommendations for ITC’s future strategic direction. In their addresses to the gathering, WTO Director-General Roberto Azevêdo and UNCTAD Secretary-General Mukhisa Kituyi called ITC an essential strategic partner in the Geneva trade hub, and emphasized the need for continued tripartite cooperation to ensure synergies on the shared trade and development agenda. ITC Executive Director Arancha González informed JAG members that in the wake of a record delivery year, ITC had revised its performance targets upwards for the 2014-15 biennium. Looking ahead, she emphasized the need for continuous improvement in ITC’s delivery, while making the case that sufficient and predictable funding would be 1 necessary to facilitate longer-term planning and enable ITC to respond to growing needs and demands for its services. Delegates welcomed the reorganization of ITC’s work into thematic programmes, clustered around six focus areas. They agreed this approach would lead to improved prioritization and make it easier to capture results and impact. They recognized ITC’s achievements in building strategic partnerships, particularly with the private sector. The importance of more predictable resources, so as to allow ITC to meet the growing demands from developing countries, was also acknowledged.

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Evaluation and Performance

This section outlines ITC’s evolving corporate approach to practices; and on providing organizational ombudsman understanding and improving future performance along services. ITC has provided management responses and is three dimensions: how ITC draws lessons from external implementing the accepted recommendations. evaluations of its past interventions; current initiatives that Strengthening ITC’s evaluation function will allow ITC to better manage current activities; and the emerging architecture that will enable ITC to maximize In response to OIOS’s call to strengthen ITC’s evaluation future impact. function, ITC adopted a revised evaluation policy in 2015. The new policy is designed to better leverage independent evaluations and project self-evaluations in measuring and Learning from the past: external evaluations reporting on ITC’s development results. Aligned to ITC’s corporate strategy for measuring and demonstrating results, The UN Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) the revised policy for ITC’s evaluation function was endorsed published its evaluation of ITC in May 2015. It found that by the 2016 UNEG/DAC Professional Peer Review. during the 2006-2014 evaluation period, ITC successfully ITC has made significant progress toward building a culture delivered projects in the areas of specialized trade research, of evaluation: staff members are making increased use of capacity building, policy and export competitiveness evaluation support at every stage from project planning and support. OIOS made recommendations for how ITC could intervention design through to management and results improve monitoring and evaluation; project planning; reporting. high-quality data collection on project impact; and on cost measurement. The OIOS recommendations broadly overlapped with those Managing the present: results-based that emerged in 2014 from an independent, donor-led management evaluation. ITC had already developed a holistic action plan for implementing the recommendations of the latter. Results-based management is the cornerstone of all ITC Progress on all recommendations has been regularly interventions. At the corporate level, ITC’s Operational Plan reported to governance bodies and follow-up is ongoing sets out organizational objectives for a given year, based on (see Table 1). ITC’s Strategy and Strategic Framework. Also in 2015, OIOS completed an audit of a donor-funded Each project operates on the basis of a logical framework project implemented by ITC in Côte d’Ivoire, and advised linked to the indicators in ITC’s Strategic Framework. These ITC in its efforts to develop a risk management framework. indicators and result targets have been approved by the Its recommendations are now being implemented. United Nations General Assembly for the biennium, and are In addition, ITC was part of the UN Joint Inspection Unit’s tracked quarterly and reported annually. An overview of the (JIU) system-wide review of how UN agencies were results for 2015 is on page 14. As evidenced by these performing on mainstreaming the decent work agenda; results, ITC surpassed all of its original outcome targets addressing climate change; public information policies and for the biennium.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 71 CORPORATE RESULTS

TABLE 1 Progress on Evaluation Recommendations at the end of 2015

Strategic Recommendation 1: Move to a strategic base for supporting and deploying ITC’s unique strengths in the global Aid for Trade effort.

 Done  In Progress

Strategic Plan 2015-17 Programmatic approach Corporate theory of change Annual Operational Plan Number of country networks Serving country needs Number of negotiating positions

Strategic Recommendation 2: Protect and develop ITC’s distinctive working assets: its capacity to deal with the private sector in trade and its excellence in technical expertise and technical assistance.

 Done  In Progress

Improved customer relationship management (CRM) Project cycle management Quality control processes Evaluation function Improved evaluability of projects Development and retention of ITC expertise

Strategic Recommendation 3: Pragmatically strengthen governance and continue to strengthen accountability while minimizing bureaucracy.

 Done  In Progress

Accountability framework Corporate risk framework Improve reporting Transparency and impact Improved accounting/ IPSAS adoption Enterprise resource planning

Strategic Recommendation 4: Move ITC up to the next level of visibility, engagement and effectiveness as a key player in the global Aid for Trade effort.

 Done  In Progress

Enhancing visibility of ITC Strategic partnerships Interaction with ITC stakeholders Liaison with regions Branding and outreach

Strategic Recommendation 5: Accelerating the integration of cross-cutting issues into ITC projects

 Done  In Progress

Gender mainstreaming Environment mainstreaming

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To further enhance performance measurement in the future, This theory of change, together with its underlying ITC in 2015 developed a Corporate Scorecard combining assumption that SME competitiveness contributes to objectives, indicators, and targets for development impact, sustainable development, was tested and refined through programme outcomes, and project operations. It is months of rigorous academic research. This research comprised of three tiers: the development dimension cumulated in ITC’s flagship report, the SME Competitiveness tracking ITC’s contribution to the UN global goals; ITC’s Outlook (2015), which confirmed that SMEs are the ‘missing development results, which are tracked through the link’ to inclusive growth. Firms connected to international achievement of corporate outputs and outcomes; and markets are more productive and create more employment, internal measures of effectiveness and efficiency. drive up wages and – because SMEs account for the bulk of Performance against ITC’s strategic goals and vision is job creation just about everywhere – make growth more monitored through key performance indicators at each tier. inclusive. The research set out a framework for The Scorecard has been embedded into ITC’s 2016 understanding the country-specific constraints most relevant Operational Plan. to business success, and provided guidance on where best to concentrate efforts to boost the competitiveness of Reinforcing ITC’s theory of change countries’ SME sectors. Crucially, it found that firm The UN Global Goals for Sustainable Development, which capabilities and the nationwide business environment were explicitly identify international trade as ‘an engine for not the only key determinants of SME competitiveness: inclusive economic growth, job creation and poverty the more immediate business environment, whether reduction,’ and as ’contributing to the promotion of involving entities like certification laboratories or trade and sustainable development,’ can be seen as validating ITC’s investment support institutions such as chambers of overarching theory of change. The Goals also recognize commerce and trade promotion organizations (TPOs), the private sector as a major driver of productivity, inclusive made a material difference to firms’ ability to trade. economic growth and job creation. ITC’s corporate theory of A separate research study, carried out by the University of change (also known as the Corporate Results Framework) Geneva and coordinated by ITC, confirmed the importance is aligned to the Goals. To achieve development impact, of TPOs – an important class of ITC clients – to generating it pursues small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) exports and economic growth. Investing in Trade Promotion international competitiveness, which it views as contingent Generates Revenue (2016) suggests that investments in a on the decisions and actions of four sets of actors: SMEs, TPO can generate large growth payoffs, and points to ways policymakers and regulators, trade and investment support TPOs can be set up to maximize their effectiveness at institutions, and private sector partners such as buyers and boosting exports. investors that provide international market linkages to SMEs. ITC seeks to influence these actors by expanding their Alongside these two studies that served to reinforce ITC’s awareness of factors conducive or obstructive to SME broader corporate theory of change, ITC developed detailed competitiveness; by building their skills and knowledge to theories of change for each of its programmes. Intermediate rectify problems and take advantage of opportunities; by outcomes and indicators for achievement have been enabling them to formulate and gain consensus on action developed, together with standardized measurement tools, plans; and by supporting follow-through on these plans. to ensure that more information about project and programme results can be collected systematically and aggregated at the corporate level.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 73 CORPORATE RESULTS

Strengthening the results management system Building the future In 2014, ITC embarked on a process to upgrade its project Planning for deeper results measurement management systems to better address ITC’s future needs. The New Project Portal (NPP) is a fully integrated project The current emphasis at ITC is on laying the foundations to management application that facilitates quality controlled enable credible impact evaluation in the future – specifically, project design, accommodates multi-year planning and collecting data on what works and what doesn’t. Because simplifies regular project monitoring and reporting. It also impact focuses on long-term change, it will take time to enables performance tracking across the project portfolio. build up a repository of information to inform an evidence- The platform started to be phased in in 2015; subsequent based determination of change. Technology-supported ITC phases will focus on integration with Umoja (the UN-wide endeavours implemented over the course of 2015 that will enterprise resource planning software), the development of enable such evaluation in the future include: advanced reporting features and additional customization functionalities. ƒƒRespect Invest Sustain Empower (RISE), the benchmarking, monitoring and impact measurement ITC client surveys approach, will allow ITC to systematically examine the ITC relies on various forms of data to inform our work and poverty reduction effects of commercial orders enabled test our theory of change. The better the quality of the data by ITC’s interventions targeting micro-entrepreneurs in we collect, the better we are able to meet the needs of our developing countries. target beneficiaries. ƒƒThe SheTrades app, which will provide insight into women entrepreneurs seeking to connect to global ITC Client Survey 2015 markets and value chains. ƒƒITC’s new geo-location-based initiative will provide 1443 SMEs across 29 projects information on farmers and agribusinesses connected to value chains. 74% of respondents said working with ITC had a positive impact on exports ƒƒITC’s growing database on TISI performance, based on ITC’s TISI benchmarking methodology, which not only 36% reported positive effects on job creation helps TISIs to assess and improve their own performance but is also expanding our knowledge of this client group >40% said that ITC helped diversify their products or and enabling us to examine how they are evolving to partner countries become more effective. ƒƒThe SME Competitiveness Outlook (2015) has provided the framework for ITC’s SME Competiveness Survey In addition to project level monitoring and evaluation, both in (SME CS), a comprehensive firm-level survey that 2014 and 2015, ITC surveyed SME clients across its project examines various dimensions of competitiveness in SME portfolio to assess results in strengthening their international internationalization. The survey has already been used as competitiveness. Users of ITC’s market analysis tools were a baseline tool in five countries in the context of ITC surveyed separately. projects. ITC envisages using this questionnaire more broadly across the organization as a baseline (and needs-assessment) tool for all ITC interventions involve ITC Market Analysis Tools Survey working directly with SMEs. The survey itself will have value as an ITC product, equipping developing countries to assess their SME sector’s strengths and weaknesses, 94% of respondents said ITC data tools improved in turn helping policymakers and the private sector make their understanding of trade issues more informed decisions. >90% of TISI respondents said tools helped improve ITC has also partnered with leading research institutions their services and experts to pilot experimental impact evaluation techniques. Pioneering Real Time Impact Measurement 87% of policymaker respondents said tools helped (PRIME) is an independent research programme that them make better informed decisions evaluates the impact of sector-specific support to SMEs. ITC’s component of the research initiative is comprised of two case studies from the Netherlands Trust Fund (NTFIII) project portfolio. These are export competitiveness projects in the avocado sector in Kenya and Information Technology and IT-enabled services (ITES) industry in Bangladesh. The former uses a matched difference in differences evaluation approach, comparing a sample of avocado farm-households that received quality improvement support

74 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE CORPORATE RESULTS aimed at meeting export requirements to a comparable 235 people engaged in problem-solving group of non-supported farm households. The latter workshops and collaborative ideation uses a mixed methods design utilizing both difference in exercises differences and propensity score matching to assess supported and unsupported ITES firms in Bangladesh. Collaboration established with innovation PRIME represents a significant opportunity for institutional teams of 6 other international organizations. learning and the results and the learnings from this initiative will inform future ITC evaluation policy and design. In its first year of existence, the lab piloted a series of Building on the progress made in 2015, the immediate initiatives, conducted innovation workshops and developed ambition for upgrading performance measurement across new partnerships. It teamed up with Just Innovate, ITC is for all projects and programmes to seamlessly a Geneva-based non-profit educational initiative that comply, by the end of 2016, with results measurement encourages social innovation, to generate fresh ideas for a standards set by the Donor Committee for Enterprise new tourism sector strategy in post-Ebola Liberia. A design Competitiveness (DCED) Standard, a forum on private workshop brought together committed students from sector development practice that brings together different academic backgrounds to think about how to UN agencies and donor governments. revive the tourism industry; their ideas subsequently fed Building a culture of innovation into the strategy work facilitated by ITC. ITC provides state-of-the-art solutions to businesses, In partnership with the Geneva Impact Hub, the ITC institutions and governments around the world. Pioneering Innovation Lab created of a network of innovation teams novel solutions and improving efficiencies in established from different international organizations, think tanks, lines of business are core components of ITC’s approach institutions and labs. The network aims to share knowledge, to embedding innovation into core operations. Innovation is promote innovation, and co-create novel approaches and not an end in itself, but rather a means to leverage finite solutions to pressing humanitarian and development resources for maximum impact. challenges. The Geneva Development Innovation Network has met five times and agreed on a common aim: In 2015, ITC created its own Innovation Lab to boost to radically accelerate progress towards the achievement innovative thinking and channel creative efforts into concrete of the Sustainable Development Goals through collaboration action. The lab is a space for institutional self-reflection, a and innovation. platform to connect, discuss, co-create and test new ideas.

Collaborate for Social Impact – Big Data for SME Development

In 2015, ITC participated in the Collaborate for Social for farmers and institutions in Eastern Africa that would Impact (C4SI) Competition, an experiential educational aggregate and analyse structured and unstructured programme in which students from a variety of disciplinary information about production factors, weather and market backgrounds develop innovative solutions to real-world dynamics. ITC is now exploring possible pilot applications challenges offered by leading international organizations, based on the idea. development partners and companies in Geneva. In 2015, ITC asked the competition: how can we help SMEs in developing and transition economies use ‘big data’ to become more competitive? For SMEs, access to data and enhanced analytics enables better, evidence-based, business decisions about their customer base’s needs and potential opportunities. But transforming vast data sets into useful intelligence is not a simple matter, especially for SMEs; it requires new thinking and toolkits. Over 10 weeks, a team of four students came up with a proposal to use cognitive computing technologies to integrate qualitative and quantitative data. The team proposed developing a comprehensive intelligence service

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Financial Overview

Funding for ITC’s work has two main components: OVERALL RESOURCES the regular budget (RB) approved biennially by the United Nations General Assembly and the World Trade ƒƒUS$127.75 million was available as overall Organization (WTO) General Council, and extra-budgetary resources for 2015; (XB) funds which depend on agreements reached with donors on an ongoing basis, typically spanning several ƒƒUS$93.54 million was received in gross years. Programme support costs (PSC) are earned via a contributions; charge to XB expenditures; this budget is set annually. ƒƒUS$102.03 million was the overall cumulative expenditure (RB, XB gross and PSC expenditure). Total expenditures in 2015 were US$7.92 million higher than in 2014: RB expenditure increased by US$2.81 million, XB by US$2.60 million and PSC by US$2.51 million.

FIGURE 2 Expenditure pattern 2011–2015 (US$ million)

Regular budget Extra-budgetary net plus PSC expenditure 60 56.1 51.3 50 47.0 40.2 40.1 40.0 39.6 40.2

40 36.3 37.4

30

20

10

0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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TABLE 5 Status of resources (US$ million gross) as of 31 December 2015

Expen DESCRIPTION Opening balance Net income received* Expenditures Total cash at hand

Regular budget 3.57 37.42 40.17 0.82 Programme support costs 4.25 5.59 6.60 3.24 Total extra-budgetary resources 26.39 50.53 55.26 21.66 Extra-budgetary resources, Window I 3.84 15.90 18.06 1.68 Extra-budgetary resources, Window II 22.55 34.63 37.20 19.98 Total 34.21 93.54 102.03 25.72

* Net contribution excludes interest and transfers to operating reserves.

Regular budget Extra-budgetary funds

The UN General Assembly and the WTO General Council XB resources depend on contributions from funders. make equal contributions to fund the biennial RB, which Voluntary contributions often cover multi-year periods. covers running costs including salaries and common staff This means that resources available in 2015 are earmarked costs. RB also finances general research and development for current or future year activities. Total available resources on trade promotion and export development, part of which in 2015 included: results in published studies, market information and statistical services. ƒƒUS$26.39 million carried forward from 2014. ITC’s regular budget for the biennium 2014 2015 amounted ƒƒUS$50.53 million in gross contributions received to Sfr. 74.28 million in 2015. ƒƒUS$40.99 million of RB resources were available Increased demands for ITC services by donors and for 2015. beneficiaries, together with management’s efforts to increase technical assistance delivery, resulted in a 5% ƒƒUS$40.17 million was recorded as expenditure increase in delivery, with XB expenditure reaching as of 31 December 2015, which translates into an US$55.26 million (gross). ITC also continued to invest implementation rate of 98% of available resources heavily in needs assessments and project design to develop a new generation of large, high-impact The US$2.81 million increase in RB spending in 2015 programmes. The increase in XB expenditure compared compared to the year before is attributable to higher to 2014 is also partly attributable to changes associated spending on building renovations and optimization of with the Umoja implementation, as a result of which available resources to deliver substantive activities, transactions for 2016 initiated at the end of 2015 were together with the tendency to spend more in captured as 2015 expenditure. the second year of a biennium.

TABLE 2 RB expenditure in 2015 (US$ million gross)*

CATEGORIES Expenditure

Staff and other personnel costs 32.07

Contractual services 0.78

Operating and other direct costs 5.49

Supplies, commodities and materials 0.15

Equipment vehicles and furniture 1.26

Travel 0.41

Total 40.17

Resources available 40.99

% of Delivery 98%

* Because the budget is approved in Swiss francs, the amounts reported have been converted to U.S. dollars to make the data easier to compare and to provide a comprehensive view of ITC’s financial situation for accounting and reporting purposes.

77 CORPORATE RESULTS

Table 3 shows ITC’s XB expenditure by each of its six focus IPSAS and Umoja implementation areas. The additional category, under the ‘corporate’ heading, covers spending for evaluation and impact In 2015, ITC received an unqualified audit opinion from the assessment, information technology, performance, UN Board of Auditors on its first financial statements based visibility and partnerships. on the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) for the year ended 31 December 2014. The audited In line with United Nations financial procedures, ITC charges financial statements for the year that ended 31 December standard PSC ranging from 7% to 13% on XB expenditures. 2015 will be available in the second half of 2016. This programme support revenue is used to cover indirect and incremental costs associated with XB projects. These In 2014, ITC became fully IPSAS compliant. During 2015, costs include the central administration of human, financial ITC contributed to the United Nations Secretariat’s efforts to and information communication technology resources, use IPSAS for better financial monitoring and management. monitoring and oversight. Umoja, the new UN-wide enterprise resource planning system, was successfully rolled out at ITC as part of the ƒƒUS$5.59 million received in PSC income. UN offices in Geneva in November 2015. ƒƒUS$6.60 million in PSC expenditure. This complex project presented significant challenges with preparing data migration from the old ERP system ƒƒUS$3.24 million of cumulative surplus and introducing new automated workflow processes. in the PSC account at the end of the year. It is expected that the system will become fully operational in 2016.

TABLE 3 XB expenditure by focus area in 2015 (US$ million gross)

FOCUS AREAS Expenditure

Providing trade and market intelligence 9.17

Building a conducive business environment 3.97

Strengthening trade and investment support institutions 3.67

Connecting to international value chains 17.20

Promoting and mainstreaming inclusive and green trade 9.84

Supporting regional economic integration and South-South links 9.97

Corporate (Evaluation, IT, Visibility and Partnerships)** 1.44

Total 55.26

Distribution of projects accross Focus areas is based on their respective lead programme.

** Includes initiatives that support and enhance the delivery of trade related technical assistance projects: evaluation, information technology, results-based management, partnerships and visibility.

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Human Resource Management

In terms of human resources management, ITC in 2015 representation and build a gender-responsive organizational concentrated on accelerating recruitment; gender parity, culture as well as a fulfilling work-life balance for all staff. including diversity and inclusion, work-life balance and These policies saw ITC almost double – from 47% in 2012 well-being; rolling out Umoja, the United Nations system’s to 80% in 2015 – the proportion of ‘meets’ and ‘exceeds’ new enterprise resource planning software; as well as better ratings in its performance under the UN System-Wide Action performance feedback systems and a staff engagement Plan on gender issues (UN-SWAP). survey. ITC further put its gender-sensitive policy into action by becoming a Geneva Gender Champion and pledging to implement gender-sensitive staff selection measures. Recruitment As part of its staff engagement and retention strategy, ITC put in place new systems for work-life balance and Fixed-term recruitment in 2015 maintained its trend towards understanding former staff members’ motivations for leaving greater speed, efficiency, and diversity. As in 2014, the the organization. Educational sessions on unconscious average selection process took 121 days, compared to bias, leadership and well-being were offered to staff at all 187 days in 2013. levels. Key interventions, such as a women’s mentoring Women won 45% of competitions to recruit fixed-term staff, programme and training in conflict prevention and slightly higher than the year before and well above the 13% resolution, were also developed based on ITC’s first figure registered in 2013. Geographic diversity among staff analysis of exit questionnaires between 2012 and 2015. also increased, with 82 nationalities represented in 2015, compared with 79 the year before. Putting people first: from the Umoja transition In 2015, ITC welcomed five new Junior Professional Officers to staff surveys (JPOs), one each from Japan, Germany and Italy and two sponsored by the Netherlands (one of them from a Over the course of 2015, ITC devoted substantial resources developing country), bringing the total number of serving to prepare for deploying Umoja in November. Alongside JPOs to eight. ITC also continued its partnership with the mandatory training courses for administrators and end Mo Ibrahim Foundation Leadership Fellowships users, ITC’s human resources team worked with the Programme, welcoming its second fellow in 2015. in-house Umoja experts to provide a suite of briefings to facilitate a seamless transition from the older resource planning software. The transition to Umoja took place in Gender parity, diversity and inclusion November 2015, and work is still ongoing to make full use of the new system. ITC remains committed to cultivating the full potential of men and women within its diverse talent pool through In 2015, ITC conducted its first staff engagement survey. gender-responsive and inclusive practices. In 2015, ITC Staff gave a 3.5 out of 5 rating to their experiences at ITC, established a Gender Focal Point (GFP) and promulgated across considerations such as fairness, well-being, 13 policies to reach gender parity across professional levels information sharing and personal commitment. The results by 2020, encourage women’s empowerment and will serve as a baseline for future improvement.

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ITC Human Resources in Numbers First impressions

Michelle Ayu 55% Chinta Kristy Associate Expert, Sector 45% Competitiveness 315 (Indonesia) Staff members representing 82 nationalities (up from 79 nationalities in 2014)

‘My daily work as part of the ITC Sector Competitiveness team has enriched my perspective on international trade, in particular on how trade works on the ground. Coming from a developing country, it is encouraging to see how the work of ITC supports the strategic development of SMEs and sectors 79 to improve their competitiveness in international value chains Interns engaged and to achieve sustainable economic development.’ from 40 countries Rebeka Pejkovic Kozinec Planning and Monitoring System Development Officer 45% (Croatia)

45% 55% Fixed-term recruitment competitions ‘My job involves planning and monitoring the performance won by women of ITC’s interventions. ITC offers challenging work, great 2013 2014 possibilities for learning and space for professional growth. 13% 44% It is very rewarding to see how, by supporting international 87% 56% trade and sustainable SME development in the countries where it matters most, ITC contributes to the Global Goals of the United Nations. Identifying with ITC’s goals and values also brings a sense of personal accomplishment.’ 35% of competitions at the Pascal Taki professional level or higher Head of Procurement were won by candidates Services from developing and least (Côte d’Ivoire developed countries and Denmark)

115 Staff members from developing and ‘Purchasing goods and services to support ITC’s diverse transition economies (up from 106 in 2014) project portfolio can occasionally be complex. Each project’s specific business environment needs to be understood. 18 Finding appropriate procurement methods to support the Staff members from least developed implementation of some projects can be challenging. countries (up from 16 in 2014) Providing effective support while following the rules and regulations require some creativity, which is part of the dynamism of working with ITC.’

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Communication 1 and Outreach

In 2015, ITC continued to make advances in raising the Social media continues to expand profile of its work among key audiences in beneficiary and funder countries, as well as on building broader awareness ITC shares news, event-related information, and of how connecting SMEs to international trade contributes publications across multiple social media platforms. to growth, job creation, and sustainable development. In 2015, ITC’s main Twitter account (@ITCNews) expanded its reach by over 61% to reach 9,443 followers. Fourteen Press coverage of ITC maintained its strong upward trend ITC programmes and projects have separate Twitter in 2015, with more than 5,000 media mentions, compared presences to micro-target specialist audiences collectively to about 3,200 the year before. ITC’s work was covered in numbering more than 10,000. ITC’s LinkedIn network global news outlets as well as in regional and national registered a growth rate of 41%, reaching 16,841 media, notably in Africa. ITC also used the press to get its connections. On Facebook, the agency’s following nearly own message out directly, through the Executive Director’s tripled to 5,157. blog on the Huffington Post, as well as op-ed articles published in newspapers around the world. ITC uses a variety of communications platforms. ITC’s Publications expand linguistic scope, website received 3.26 million page views in 2015, over the gain readers course of 1.53 million user sessions. Some 181 news stories were published on the site during the year, receiving more than In 2015, ITC publications continued to inform the business 133,000 hits. The online edition of ITC’s quarterly publication, sector in developing countries about trade development International Trade Forum, received close to 405,000 views, a opportunities, challenges and trends, with over 35 books substantial increase from 233,000 the year before. and technical papers. Publications also broadened their Multimedia products are effective tools for attracting new linguistic reach beyond English, French, and Spanish, audiences and ITC has devoted increasing time and effort with certain books and papers published in languages to producing videos, infographics, and other interactive including Swahili, Turkish, Arabic, Russian and Chinese. material. Trade Compass, ITC’s video news programme, Web downloads increased by 15% compared to the highlights trade and development issues from around the previous year to over 24,200 unique downloads. world, featuring insights and interviews with policymakers, The publications of greatest interest to online readers businesses big and small, and technical experts. Episodes were the SME Competitiveness Outlook 2015, ITC Model in 2015 covered issues ranging from Bangladesh’s efforts Contracts (a popular tool for business providing SMEs to boost information technology exports to regional with a free legal template for the most common types of economic integration in East Africa. contracts they need to make in international business), ITC also works with journalists to equip them to better and the ITC Coffee Guide, an important reference manual understand trade and development issue and use ITC data for the coffee industry. tools for their own reporting and analysis. It continues to The SME Competitiveness Outlook 2015 (see Global Context build relationships with press associations and journalists section for more), ITC’s new flagship research report, filled to cover future ITC events.

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1. Interviewing participants at WEDF 2015 2. Arancha González photoshoot for Recipes for Peace, Rights & Well-being book 2015

an important research and advocacy gap at a time when 1.53 million the UN Global Goals for Sustainable Development place new emphasis on the role of SMEs in helping economies achieve visitors to ITC website (110% increase over 2014) inclusive and sustainable growth. Other publications addressed topics including an ITC-led global initiative to boost women’s participation in trade; an overview of non-tariff measures in 25 countries; energy 405 000 efficiency for small firms; how to seize opportunities in the International Trade Forum fast-growing, trillion-dollar halal food market; export page views online strategies for the global tourism industry; and country- (43% increase over 2014) specific challenges pertaining to quality management.

5 000 press/media mentions (36% increase over 2014)

24 200 publication downloads (15% increase over 2014)

Social media followers (increase over 2014)

Facebook 177% Twitter 61% LinkedIn 41%

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Major ITC Events

ITC supported over two dozen major events in 2015. Women Vendors Exhibition and Forum These included contributions to international gatherings such as the WTO’s Fifth Global Review of Aid for Trade as When technology enables trade well as its Tenth Ministerial Conference, the Third São Paulo, Brazil, 2-3 September 2015 International Conference on Financing for Development, the UN Open Day for its 70th anniversary, the Paris climate Organized in partnership with APEX-Brasil, the Brazilian change conference, and a TEDx event on women in trade and investment promotion agency, this edition of the Lausanne, Switzerland, together with scores of seminars Women Vendors Exhibition Forum (WVEF) was marked by and workshops for technical assistance projects. the launch of a five-year Call to Action to bring one million women entrepreneurs to markets by 2020. The winner of a Below are highlights of selected ITC-led events. global tech challenge launched in July by ITC, Google and CI&T was announced in São Paulo: GreenBell Communications of Kenya won for developing an app, called SheTrades, to World Export Development Forum support the Call to Action by enabling women-owned businesses to connect to potential corporate buyers – and Sustainable Trade: Innovate, Invest, Internationalize to each other. B2B sessions organized alongside the event Doha, Qatar, 20-21 October 2015 yielded letters of intent totalling US$20 million. ‘Talking business, Doing business’ in Qatar. The first time ITC’s flagship event was held in the Middle East, this 15th edition of the World Export Development Forum (WEDF) was marked by productive B2B sessions yielding letters of intent to do business worth a total of US$80 million. Bringing together over 700 business owners, entrepreneurs, policymakers and thought leaders from over 90 countries, the event proved to be a unique platform for exploring new opportunities to help SMEs connect to international trade and investment, and to present ITC’s new research report, ‘SME Competitiveness Outlook: Connect, Compete, Change for inclusive growth.’

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2 4

1.-2. B2B meetings during WEDF 2015, Doha 3. WVEF 2015, Nairobi 4. Open Day for la Francophonie

International Women in Business Forum Open Day for la Francophonie

Nairobi, Kenya, 14 December 2015 Geneva, Switzerland, 29 June 2015 Co-hosted with the Government of Kenya, the International ITC opened its doors to the French-speaking community, Forum on Women in Business brought together presenting its work in francophone countries. Through policymakers, the business community and representatives interactive exhibitions and informative sessions, visitors of women business organizations to discuss policies and were exposed to ITC expertise aimed at helping SMEs find action to integrate more women into the global economy. their paths in the fast-changing world of international The Kenyan and Liberian governments used the event to business. Organized in collaboration with the Organisation announce their own commitments towards ITC’s Call to internationale de la Francophonie, a key goal of the event Action to connect one million women entrepreneurs to was to provide support to Francophonie members to global markets by 2020: Liberia pledged to ensure greater implement the WTO Bali Package, including the Trade access for women to government contracts, while Kenya Facilitation Agreement, and prepare for the 10th Ministerial vowed to do more for girls’ education. At the forum, which Conference in Nairobi. was held alongside the 10th WTO Ministerial Conference in Nairobi, ITC rolled out the SheTrades app and launched a new publication, Unlocking Markets for Women to Trade.

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5 7

6 8

5.&7. Trade for Sustainable Development Forum 6. Open Day for la Francophonie 8. International Women’s Day 2015

Trade for Sustainable Development Forum International Women’s Day 2015

Building Sustainable Supply Chains Film screening: ‘A Small Section of the World’ Geneva, Switzerland, 1-2 September 2015 Geneva, Switzerland, 16 March 2015 One year after launching the Trade for Sustainable In celebration of the International Women’s Day, ITC and Development Principles, ITC brought together 250 leaders the Lake Geneva Chapter of the Organization of Women in from business, standards organizations, governments, International Trade (OWIT) hosted a screening of ‘A Small and civil society to look at how supply chains, particularly for Section of the World,’ the award-winning documentary film food, can be made more sustainable. The event, held in by Lesley Chilcott. The film tells the inspirational story of a conjunction with WTO’s annual Public Forum, highlighted group of women from a remote farming region of Costa how technology can be leveraged to connect SMEs to Rica whose ideas sparked a revolution in the country’s sustainable supply chains to spur broad-based job growth coffee sector. The documentary is about women’s while improving environmental and social performance. empowerment, the risky business of coffee and how a cup of coffee can transform lives. A debate, in the presence of the movie director, followed on women’s empowerment in the coffee business.

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Partnerships

Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) established In order to further increase the effectiveness of its work, ITC a partnership to strengthen support for developing stepped up its partnerships with international organizations, countries, especially least developed countries, as they regional and national institutions and the private sector. implement the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Their joint work will place particular emphasis on ensuring that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in these countries Intergovernmental Organizations benefit from simplified border procedures and trading costs.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) and ITC continued ITC is working with the UN Statistics Division (UNSD) to to work together on aid for trade, focusing on trade share trade data and develop a common methodology to facilitation, WTO accession and global public goods such as detect and clean up irregularities in trade data. accessible trade information. ITC and WTO jointly published SME Competitiveness and Aid for Trade: Connecting The World Bank and ITC worked together on multiple Developing Country SMEs to Global Value Chains, alongside fronts. In the Arab region, they cooperated on developing the annual World Tariff Profiles (produced in partnership the e-commerce sector, particularly with regard to with the United Nations Conference on Trade and connecting SMEs to virtual marketplaces. The two Development (UNCTAD)) documenting customs tariffs organizations also partnered to assess the effectiveness of for 161 WTO members plus a number of other countries trade promotion organizations using ITC’s benchmarking and customs territories. The latter draws on applied tariff methodology. In partnership with the African Development data and ad valorem equivalents from ITC’s Market Access Bank (AFDB), the two organizations continued to work Map database. ITC is also involved in delivering technical on the Transparency in Trade initiative. It fosters worldwide assistance activities and advisory services through the new collaboration on the collection, processing and sharing Trade Facilitation Agreement Facility (TFAF). The three of data on customs tariffs, non-tariff market access organizations also collaborate to publish annual statistics on requirements, trade remedies and trade in services data. global services trade, making use of all available sources, The resulting data is disseminated through ITC’s Market international and national, in order to fill gaps and produce Access Map tool and the joint World Bank-UNCTAD World data series that are as consistent and comprehensive as Integrated Trade Solution database. possible. ITC continued to work together with several other UN ITC continues to serve as a key implementing agency for agencies as part of United Nations Country Teams the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) and the (UNCT) and UN Development Assistance Frameworks Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF). (UNDAF) as well as in the context of implementing One UN ITC contributed actively to designing a roadmap for trade and development projects in Rwanda and Tanzania. EIF’s 2015 relaunch, while continuing to support the implementation of EIF Tier 2 projects in Benin, Cambodia, The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Chad, Comoros, Lesotho, Nepal and Senegal. and ITC continued joint programming for country-based collaboration with a special focus on women, youth and ITC, the United Nations Conference on Trade and the environment in the Comoros, Madagascar, the State of Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Palestine and Rwanda.

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1. ITC, UNCTAD and UNECE established a partnership 2. Agreement with UNESCAP 3. Launch of the publication Tourism and Trade: A Global Agenda for Sustainable Development

ITC participated in the UN-wide consultation process to The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) shape the post-2015 development agenda. ITC contributed and ITC renewed their decade-long cooperation, which now to the UN Secretary-General’s Task Team, the Technical focuses on developing methodologies and tools in the area Support Team and the Inter-agency and Expert Group to of intellectual property and branding. help define indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those on gender equality, economic The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner growth and employment, and the means of implementation for Refugees (UNHCR) and ITC signed a memorandum and global partnership. of understanding to step up joint efforts to foster the creation of better economic and employment opportunities ITC became a core member of the Global Initiative on for the millions of refugees across the world by enhancing Decent Jobs for Youth, led by the International Labour skills and connecting them to work opportunities linked to Organization, to support the achievement of the agenda’s international trade. goals to create decent jobs for young women and men. The UN Global Compact (UNGC) and ITC joined forces ITC entered into an agreement with the United Nations to bolster opportunities for businesses owned by women Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the and to increase the competitiveness of agribusinesses Pacific (UNESCAP) to deliver capacity building and seeking to make production more environmentally and training on WTO accession and implementation, with a socially sustainable. ITC will leverage its Standards Map tool strong focus on the region’s least developed countries and Trade for Sustainable Development (T4SD) platform (LDCs) and transition economies. to disseminate the UNGC Food and Agriculture Business (FAB) principles among small farmers and SMEs in the ITC and the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) agribusinesses sector. built on their strategic and operational partnership by launching a new tourism and trade publication and agreeing In 2015, ITC continued to work within the UN Chief to work together to scale up Madagascar’s tourism potential Executives Board (CEB) Inter-Agency Cluster on to boost economic growth in the country. Trade and Productive Capacity to coordinate trade and development operations within the UN system. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and ITC agreed to intensify joint Regional Organizations activities in support of developing countries in Africa and Asia, with an initial focus on Ethiopia, Senegal and Sri ITC and the African Union Commission (AUC) formalized Lanka. Collaborative work will focus on trade capacity their partnership to develop and implement programmes building, value chain development, quality standards, to support trade integration priorities set out in the AUC investment and export promotion, industrial upgrading Strategic Plan 2014-2017. and enterprise competitiveness, as well as youth employment and entrepreneurship. The two organizations The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa also teamed up with the International Organization for (COMESA) and ITC signed a partnership agreement to Standardization (ISO) to develop a new guide, Energy step up cooperation with a view to boosting intra-African management systems – Requirements with guidance for trade. Building on past collaboration, the two organizations use, to help SMEs understand how to upgrade energy will cooperate on areas such as regional integration, trade efficiency in line with a key international standard. facilitation to improve SME competitiveness and enhancing

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1. CARDI and ITC partnered to improve competitiveness of the Caribbean coconut sector 2. ITC and the AUC formalized their partnership 3. COMESA and ITC signed a partnership agreement to step up cooperation with a view to boosting intra-African trade

the broader trade and investment climate. Particular The Commission’s Directorate-General for Trade engaged attention will be placed on promoting product development ITC to survey companies in 28 European countries to and value addition in the agricultural and services sectors. understand how they perceive NTMs as obstacles to trade. The survey methodology was similar to that used in ITC’s The East African Community (EAC) and ITC signed a NTM surveys in over 30 developing countries to date. The new memorandum of understanding and launched a new results of the survey will help benchmark developing country joint project to boost intra-African trade. The Trade and experiences vis-à-vis those in developed countries. Regional Integration Project for the EAC aims to bolster existing efforts by East African countries for closer economic ITC partnered with the Central European Free Trade integration, including the East African Customs Union and Agreement (CEFTA) secretariat to remove most NTMs the 2010 establishment of the EAC Common Market. hampering trade within the bloc. ITC will also assist the CEFTA parties in reviewing their capacities related to trade ITC and the West African Economic and Monetary policy formulation, coordination and implementation. Union (better known by its French acronym, UEMOA) agreed to work together to bolster exports from the eight- ITC partnered with the European Trade Promotion member bloc as well as to deepen trade integration and Organization Network (ETPO) and the School of improve the business environment within it. Economics and Management of the University of Geneva to produce an analytical study on the impact of ITC reinforced its collaboration with the Islamic trade promotion efforts on exports and GDP. Using data Development Bank Group, in particular with the provided by 14 European TPOs, the study showed that International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation, to each additional dollar spent on export promotion generates provide technical assistance to the Arab Group at the WTO US$87 of additional exports and a US$384 increase in GDP. in Geneva, and to strengthen trade and investment support institutions (TISIs) addressing non-tariff measures affecting In the context of its Supporting Indian Trade and Investment intra-Arab Trade. for Africa (SITA) project, ITC established a partnership with the African Cotton and Textile Industries Federation ITC has also partnered with the League of Arab States (LAS) (ACTIF), a Nairobi-based non-profit regional federation, to to facilitate the acceleration of the Greater Arab Free Trade foster commercial linkages with India in the sector. Agreement (GAFTA) through the elimination of trade barriers. The International Women’s Coffee Alliance (IWCA) and ITC and the Latin American Development Bank (CAF) ITC signed a partnership agreement aimed at improving continued their collaboration on non-tariff measures economic benefits for women in the coffee sector in East (NTMs). CAF co-financed the implementation of an NTM Africa. survey in Colombia and is providing financial support for a similar survey in Ecuador. CAF has also disseminated The Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development survey findings through its own network. The European Institute (CARDI) and ITC partnered to improve income Commission and ITC signed a memorandum of and employment opportunities, food security, and the understanding establishing a partnership to promote the overall competitiveness of the Caribbean coconut sector. internationalization of developing country SMEs.

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4. European Commission and ITC signed a memorandum of understanding establishing a partnership to promote the internationalization of developing country SMEs 5. WEDF MoU signing between ITC and QDB 6. ITC with DFID and the CADFund to launch the Partnership for Investment and Growth in Africa

National Partner Institutions Fund (CADFund) to launch the Partnership for Investment and Growth in Africa (PIGA), which aims to develop export- ITC partnered with PROCOMER, Costa Rica’s trade oriented manufacturing in Africa by helping companies promotion organization to transfer some of its good practices overcome constraints on export success and fostering to TPOs and TISIs in other countries, especially in Africa. greater trade and investment ties between China and Africa.

ITC worked with the governments of Japan, the United ITC is working with the Danish Ministry of Environment States and Canada on analysis of the Trans Pacific and Food to develop a customized version of the Partnership (TPP). Based on data drawn from ITC’s Standards Map website to provide Danish dairy, pig, potato Market Access Map, the analysis looked at TPP parties’ and rapeseed farmers self-assessment tools to help them existing trade agreements and mapped out the projected better understand and comply with private standards and effects of the agreement’s entry into force. industry codes of conduct.

ITC and the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Private Sector and Foundations Agency (APEX Brazil) jointly organized the Sixth Senior Executive Roundtable on Sourcing from Women Vendors PepsiCo and ITC signed a partnership agreement to and the Women Vendors Exhibition and Forum (WVEF) in develop a sustainability management tool for PepsiCo’s Sao Paulo. farm suppliers in the context of the company’s Sustainable Farming Initiative (SFI). This will include mapping and The Qatar Development Bank (QDB) and ITC organized referencing the SFI code on the Trade for Sustainable and hosted ITC’s flagship event, the 2015 World Export Development (T4SD) database, and developing a Development Forum (WEDF), in Doha, Qatar. customized web-based module, leveraging the Standards Switzerland Global Enterprise (S-GE) and ITC partnered Map platform, to enable PepsiCo suppliers to self-assess on research related to trade promotion organizations (TPOs), themselves against the code’s key criteria. as well as on the Swiss Import Promotion Programme ITC and the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) (SIPPO) to support developing–country SMEs to gain market Platform, a membership organization of over 80 fast- access in Europe through participation in trade fairs. moving consumer good brands and retailing companies, ITC and CBI, the Dutch Centre for the Promotion have partnered to develop a supply chain management of Imports from Developing Countries, continued tool. It will enable SAI Platform members to assess and existing cooperation, under the Netherlands Trust Fund share upstream farmer sustainability profiles and attributes, III programme, to improve the competitiveness of the thereby driving transparency and providing a better information technology and IT-enabled services sectors in understanding of the sustainability and performance Bangladesh, Kenya and Uganda, as well as of the tourism gaps of hard-to-reach producer groups. industry in Myanmar and traditional agricultural sectors in In the spirit of improving global transparency in trade, Kenya (avocado) and Uganda (coffee). ITC in 2015 again worked with the World Economic In 2015 ITC established tripartite collaboration with the Forum (WEF), contributing market access-related data United Kingdom Department for International and indicators to the Global Enabling Trade Report and Development (DFID) and the China-Africa Development the Global Competitiveness Report.

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1. ITC and Bosch continue to roll out the implementation of inefficiency-reducing ‘lean’ methodology in boosting the productivity of three Kenyan SMEs 2. ITC partnered with Parodi Group to boost the quality and production of Zambian honey

ITC partnered with Parodi Group, an Argentina-based In connection with the Women Vendors’ Forum and honey producer and trader, to boost the quality and Exhibition (WVEF) 2015, ITC teamed up with Google and production of Zambian honey, with the goal of increasing Brazilian technology company CI&T to launch a global exports from the African country. Parodi is providing advice tech challenge to develop a platform for women-owned and technical assistance to Zambian honey processors enterprises to register their businesses and increase visibility free of charge and is formalizing purchasing contracts with to potential buyers. Won by GreenBell Communications, beneficiary SMEs. a small Kenyan developer, the competition has resulted in SheTrades an app and online platform that enables women- ITC joined forces Tradekey.com, a business-to-business owned businesses to showcase their goods and services marketplace, to help SMEs across the Arab region access to buyers around the world, particularly to corporations virtual marketplaces. seeking greater gender diversity in their supply chains.

ITC and The Body Shop developed a partnership to improve ITC continued its successful collaboration with global environmental sustainability in the cosmetics industry and to logistics giant DHL. This has involved the secondment empower the communities that produce the natural products of company staff to ITC, and in-kind contributions to sourced by the industry. Under the partnership, a pilot project develop project-related technical content and logistics is being implemented in the shea butter sector, supporting advisory support for customs clearance services and the women who harvest shea nuts and process them into transport management for SMEs, government authorities shea butter for the cosmetics industry. and academics in Morocco. In Senegal, a similar advisory programme has been initiated in partnership with regional ITC developed the Alliance for Action in Ghana - institutions; it will be expanded to the rest of the West a partnership with Fair Trade Africa, Fair Trade Max African Monetary and Economic Union. DHL also helped Havelaar Switzerland and Chocolats Halba, a Swiss showcase the importance of transportation in e-commerce premium manufacturer of chocolate for retail and industry under ITC’s eComSouk initiative. - to create more sustainable value chains through income diversification and risk reduction for smallholders. Following the successful implementation of inefficiency- reducing ‘lean’ methodology in boosting the productivity ITC entered into a partnership with Pitti Immagine Uomo, of three Kenyan SMEs, ITC and German engineering a leading platform for men’s clothing, to promote young and electronics company Bosch continue to roll out the and talented African designers at the special Constellation approach to a larger number of businesses. Africaevent in Florence. 2015 also marked the fifth anniversary of the ITC Ethical Fashion Initiative’s successful SDI International, a women-owned global firm collaboration with designer Vivienne Westwood. specializing in procurement process outsourcing, signed a memorandum of understanding with ITC to work together ITC worked with the International Union for Conservation to increase access for women-owned businesses in of Nature (IUCN) and Kering, the French luxury goods developing countries to the supply chains of corporate holding company, as part of the the Python Conservation buyers and other institutions in SDI’s networks. The two Partnership and the Madagascar Crocodile Conservation institutions are also collaborating on the delivery of training and Sustainable Use Programme, initiatives that seek to activities such as webinars and workshops related to ITC’s create economic incentives for biodiversity conservation. Women and Trade Programme.

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3. Block-printing textile production for Vivienne Westwood 4. ITC teamed up with CFYI to support young entrepreneurs to access networks of coaches and impact investors 5. ITC and YBI created a partnership to provide young entrepreneurs around the world with the knowledge, skills and capacity to take advantage of international trade opportunities

Other Partnerships ITC and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) continued to cooperate ITC joined the Emerge Partnership, which brings together on a variety of research related topics, and launched a UN agencies, intergovernmental organizations, private new ‘superfood’ partnership to explore opportunities and technology companies, incubator/hub managers, innovation challenges for South-South trade in biodiversity-based practitioners and investors to support local, regional and products from Latin America. international ecosystems that support innovation and entrepreneurship, and to increase dialogue with government ITC continued its partnership with the Global Trade policymakers and regulators who are vital in shaping the Analysis Project consortium (GTAP). The GTAP enabling environment for private enterprise. database contains data on trade, tariffs, production and inputs for 57 sectors and around 140 countries, and is ITC and the World Free Zones Organization (WFZO) used worldwide by economic modellers at the national signed a letter of agreement expressing their common level as well as in key international institutions for trade and interest in providing inclusive and sustainable trade economic impact analysis. The customs tariffs used by development solutions, through free zones organizations, GTAP are sourced from ITC’s Market Access Map database. for connecting SMEs in developing and transition countries to global markets. Through the Office of the Chief Economist, ITC strengthened its participation in multiple research networks including the ITC and the World SME Forum agreed to work together European Commission-funded Productivity, Non-tariff to help SMEs increase their competitiveness and contribute Measures and Openness (PRONTO), the University more to global economic growth, development, and of Geneva, the Graduate Institute of International and job creation. The two organizations will collaborate on Development Studies (IHEID), IMD, the University of preparatory work for SME-related meetings of the Group Glasgow and Weltwirtschaftsinstitut Wien. of 20 leading economies and the associated B-20 coalition of business groups; they will also join forces in research, policy development, technical assistance, and conferences related to global SME issues.

ITC teamed up with Child Youth Finance International (CFYI), a global multi-sector network dedicated to enhancing the financial capabilities of children and youth, to support young entrepreneurs to access networks of coaches and impact investors.

ITC and Youth Business International (YBI), a global network of independent non-profit initiatives operating in over 42 countries, created a partnership to provide young entrepreneurs around the world with the knowledge, skills and capacity to take advantage of international trade opportunities.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 91 CORPORATE RESULTS

92 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE © shutterstock.com Appendices APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

ITC FOCUS AREAS AND PROGRAMMES

FOCUS AREAS PROGRAMMES

Transparency in Trade

1. Providing trade and market intelligence Non-Tariff Measures in Goods and Services

Competitive Intelligence

Trade Development Strategies

2. Building a conducive business environment Trade Facilitation

Supporting Trade Negotiations and Policy Reform

3. Strengthening trade and investment Strengthening Trade and Investment Support Institutions support institutions

Value Added to Trade 4. Connecting to international value chains E-Solutions: Enabling Trade Through Digital Channels

Empowering Women to Trade

Empowering Poor Communities to Trade 5. Promoting and mainstreaming inclusive and green trade Youth and Trade

Trade and Environment

Boosting Regional Trade 6. Supporting regional economic integration and South-South links South-South Trade and Investment

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APPENDIX II

ITC TECHNICAL COOPERATION BY REGION AND FOCUS AREA

FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

1 Providing Trade and Market Intelligence

Transparency in Trade

SME Competitiveness Index CF n 50 32 64% Euro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - European Union 720 425 59% An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) n n Export Potential Map Netherlands n 200 220 110% FEFAC Benchmarking Project FEFAC n - 0 - Global Public Goods: Market Access Map EU, World Bank n 845 863 98% IDH, Sustainable IDH Benchmarking Project 37 37 99% Trade Initiative n Malawi: Improved Trade Statistics and Information System European Union n 320 198 62% Revolving fund for market analysis and research Revolving Fund n 300 400 133% SAI Platform Farm Sustainability Assessment Project SAI Platform n - 41 - CF, EU, HIVOS T4SD Programme 1 576 1 919 122% Switzerland n Tariff analysis of TPP agreements GRIPS, Canada n - 99 - Trade in services: Trade intelligence partnership CF, China - 18 - development and technical assistance n WEDF 2015 Travel and Accomodation QDB n - 199 - Non-Tariff Measures in Goods and Services

Coordinating a Regional Approach to overcoming Trade Obstacles related to Non-Tarrif Measures (NTMs) accross United States n 650 474 73% the Arab Countries ITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II United Kingdom n n n n n n 1 400 1 309 94%

NTM survey of EU exporters and importers European Union n 1 000 855 86%

Competitive Intelligence

Competitive intelligence CF n 110 90 81%

Market Insider CF n 126 124 98%

Trade information services revolving fund Revolving Fund n 40 201 502%

Myanmar: Road map for setting up a national trade UK Government - 28 - information network n

Note: CF stands for core funding (also referred to as ‘Window 1 ITC trust funds’). This consists of un-earmarked and soft-earmarked contributions from funders, which ITC allocates in line with funder preferences within the framework of ITC’s Strategic Plan.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 95 APPENDICES

FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

2 Building a Conducive Business Environment

Trade Development Strategies

Botswana: ITC-Facilitated identification of strategic options for beef horticulture tourism and trade information European Union 149 98 66% for implememtation by the EC-Funded Private Sector n Development Programme Burkina Faso: Elaboration d'une strategie sectorielle d'exportation et de developpement de la filiere amendes EIF n 30 47 156% de karite Export Strategy Design and Management Programme CF n 1 000 1 001 100% NES Myanmar: Implementation management support Germany n 161 153 95% EIF - Executive Liberia: Tourism and Wood-Furniture Export Strategies - 22 - Secretariat n

Trade Facilitation Cross border trade between Liberia and Sierra Leone Ireland n - 7 - Improving the business environment for exporting SMEs CF, Switzerland 397 534 134% through trade facilitation n ITC - Abidjan Office CF n 100 90 90%

Supporting Trade Negotiations and Policy Reform

Addressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA Germany n 93 59 63% Business and Trade Policy Programme (BTP) CF n 270 340 126% Business Development: Seychelles' Sustainable CF - 13 - Development through Trade (SSDT) n

CEFTA - Trade Policy Capacity Building European Union n 124 80 65%

LDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession CF 432 430 100% process n n n n Pakistan: Assistance to the design and implementation of trade policy and regulatory reform to improve export UNIDO n 220 220 100% possibilities Tajikistan: Implementation of WTO provisions and business Switzerland 523 404 77% awareness of WTO Accession n

3 Strengthening Trade and Investment Support Institutions

Strengthening Trade and Investment Support Institutions

AIM for results: Improving TSIs Performance and CF, Revolving Fund 711 751 106% Measurement (Phase I) n Building Capacities of TPOs in the Arab region QDB n 27 28 104% Business Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau CF - 24 - d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) n Business Development: Business Advocacy for Services Trade and Investment reform in the Indo-Pacific Rim CF - 40 - through Building and Nurturing Coalitions of Services n Industries (CSIs) at National and Regional Level

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FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

Business Development: Strengthening Export CF - 17 - Compitiveness for Inclusive Growth in Mauritius n Desarrollo del Comercio de Servicios de Ecuador Ecuador n 169 95 56% ITC Trade Finance Online Flagship Course CF n 32 20 62%

LDC Geneva Practitioners Services Seminar Series Australia n n n 84 86 103%

Peru: Enabling TSIs in Peru's northern corridor to respond Switzerland 84 99 118% to the needs of exporters n South Africa: Building Capacity in Export Management and South Africa 113 74 66% Export Market Analysis n State of Palestine: Strengthening Capacities in Trade UNDP 100 99 99% Promotion for Export Development n Trade in services: Trade intelligence partnership CF 180 187 104% development and technical assistance n n n World trade promotion organisations conference and CF 184 181 98% awards n Zambia Green Jobs Programme Using Pass-Through Fund ILO 100 92 92% Management n

4 Connecting to International Value Chains

Value Added to Trade

Aid for Trade Central Asia Revolving fund n - 8 - Business Development: Fostering SME competitiveness CF 28 30 109% and trade amongst the Agadir Agreement countries n Business Development: Improving and certifying SMEs in CF - 45 - Supply Chain Competitiveness (SCom) n

Business Development: Improving competitiveness of Palestinian selected goods and services (textile furniture CF n - 2 - and IT products) to meet international market demand

Business Development: Inclusive value chain development CF - 13 - of the Natural Gum and Resins in Ethiopia n Business Development: Increased trade competiveness of CF - 33 - selected agro sectors in Sierra Leone n

Business Development: Needs Assessment and Programmes Design in the Democratic Republic of Congo EU (11th EDF) n - 27 - and in the Republic of Congo (Pre-Idea)

Business Development: Project de renforcement de la competitivite a l'exportation de l'oignon du kilishi et du CF n - 22 - niebe du Niger

Business Development: Promoting value addition and value chain integration through enhanced SME CF n 31 30 96% competitiveness in Ukraine

Business Development: Revamping the Arrowroot Industry CF - 24 - in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (Pre-Idea) n Business Development: Support to Vietnamese export to CF - 16 - South Korea through public procurement n

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 97 APPENDICES

FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

Business Development: TICAD V Multi-Country Project - Empowering Smallholders Producers through Market CF n 44 43 96% Access Boosting

Business Development: Trade Development in Mali CF - 4 - (Pre-Idea) n

Caribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from European Union n 1 000 609 61% coconuts

DHL Partnership: developing an innovative offer on CF, DHL - 88 - transport and logistics n

ECS Revolving Fund Revolving Fund n 70 108 154%

EIF BENIN: Programme de renforcement des capacités EIF 358 292 82% productives et commerciales du Bénin n Project d'amelioration de la competitivite de la mangue EIF 302 124 41% Senegalaise n Export Competitiveness Programme (Netherlands Trust Netherlands 500 639 128% Fund III): Programme Management Start-up n n Export Development for Employment Creation - EDEC Canada 1 500 1 183 79% Morocco n

Fiji: Improvement of key services to agriculture European Union n 548 515 94%

Fiji: Improvement of key services to livestock and livestock European Union 2 988 1 711 57% products n Gambia: Sector Competitiveness and Export EIF 501 575 115% Diversification n Improving competitiveness of vanilla ylang-ylang and EIF 325 229 70% cloves exports of Comoros n Improving the Safety and Quality of Sri Lankan Fruits and WTO-STDF 181 182 100% Vegetables n Kuwait: Improving the international competitiveness of food Kuwait 99 32 32% and beverage producers n

Kyrgyzstan: Strengthening export competitiveness of SMEs in the textile and clothing sector and enhancing Switzerland n 900 668 74% trade support institutional capacity

Lesotho: Horticulture productivity and trade development EIF n 718 751 105%

Mali: Appui à la participation à une foire commerciale Mali - 48 - UMOCI - "Fancy Food Show" n Supply chain management training and professional CF, Revolving Fund, 696 537 77% certification (MLS-SCM) Switzerland n Nepal: Pashmina Enhancement and Trade Support (PETS) EIF 694 451 65% Project n

NTF III Bangladesh: IT & ITES Export Competitiveness Netherlands n 600 516 86%

NTF III Kenya - Enhancing Export Competitiveness in Netherlands 450 542 120% the IT-ITES Sector in Kenya n

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FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

NTF III Kenya - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the Netherlands 430 433 101% Avocado sector in Kenya n NTF III Myanmar - Inclusive Tourism Focussing on Kayah Netherlands 700 679 97% State n NTF III Uganda - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the Netherlands 200 161 80% Coffee sector in Uganda n NTF III Uganda - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the Netherlands 385 324 84% IT and ITES in Uganda n Business Development: Programming EU Trade-Related European Union - 20 - Assistance for Afghanistan (Pre-Idea) n Project Development: Programme d'appui au CF - 12 - developpement des exportations malgaches n Project Development: Sri Lanka - Trade Capacity Building CF - 55 - and Development n Projet d'Appui a la competitivite de la chaine de valeur du Switzerland 500 381 76% secteur Textile et Habillement - COM-TEXHA en Tunisie n Projet de Renforcement des Capacités Commerciales de EIF 198 157 79% la Filière Gomme Arabique Tchadienne (PRCCFGAT) n Rwanda: Boosting the International Competitiveness of Rwanda One UN 500 251 50% SME Clusters- BICS n

STDF Myanmar: Improving Food Safety and Compliance with SPS measures to increase Export Revenues in WTO-STDF n 214 57 27% the Oilseeds Value Chain

STDF project: Pilot in Sri Lanka CF n 8 6 79%

Strategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in CF 80 78 97% Developing Countries n Business development: Strengthening Qatari SME QDB - 4 - Competitiveness n Supporting LDC service export through WTO LDC services Sweden - 112 - waiver n n

Tajikistan: Strengthening export competitiveness of SMEs in the textile and clothing sector and enhancing trade Switzerland n 700 702 100% support institutional capacities

Tanzania: Integration of Horticulture Supply/Value Chains Switzerland, 472 412 87% into Tourism Tanzania One UN n Zimbabwe: Support to Trade and Private Sector European Union 1 865 1 730 93% Development n

E-Solutions: Enabling Trade Through Digital Channels 187 446 238%

Development of SMEs Exports through Virtual Market World Bank 1 200 784 65% Places n

E-Solutions to support SME trade through digital channels CF n n - 54 -

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 99 APPENDICES

FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

Promoting and Mainstreaming Inclusive and Green Trade

Empowering Women to Trade

ACCESS! Namibia - Export Development Services for Namibia 71 64 91% Business Women n Business Development: Central America - Support to CF 31 29 95% Women Enterpreneurs in the Crafts Sector n Economic Empowerment of Women in the Pacific Region Australia 1 482 861 58% (Women &Trade Phase II) n Enhancing Women SMEs Development in the State of CF United Kingdom 172 170 99% Palestine (EWED) n

Ethiopia and Mongolia: Supporting Women Business Enterprises in the Textiles and Garments Sector CF n n 210 293 140% (Women and Trade Phase II)

Ghana: Improving competitiveness of women in the yam CF, United Kingdom 339 244 72% value chain n Improving economic benefits for women in the coffee CF, United Kingdom 546 635 116% sector - phase II n Nicaragua: Enhancing the capacities of women business CF 103 98 96% enterprises to participate in international trade (W&T phase II) n Palestine: Creating One Stop - Shop for Sustainable One UN SDG Fund 150 97 64% Business n People First: Worlking Towards Gender Balance Across CF 45 60 134% ITC n The Global Platform for Action on Sourcing from Women CF, United Kingdom 811 800 99% Vendors (Women and Trade Phase II) n Trade facilitation for women informal cross-border traders United Kingdom 193 214 111% and MSMEs in the East African Community - phase II n Women and Trade Programme Phase II - Programme Australia, United 1 790 1 556 87% Management Kingdom n n n n n Zambia: Empowering Women in the Cotton Sector CF, United Kingdom 252 191 76% (Women and Trade) n

Empowering Poor Communities to Trade

Cambodia: Export diversification and expansion program EIF 298 246 83% (CEDEP) I: High value silk n

Enhancing sustainable tourism clean production and export capacity in Lao People's Democratic Republic SECO/EIF n 109 103 95% Phase II

CF, Japan, United Poor Communities and Trade Programme 1 956 2 006 103% States n n n Project Development: Myanmar Country Programme: CF 14 14 94% Accelerating inclusive and sustainable export-led growth n

Refugee Employment & Skills Initiative (RESI): Linking Refugees in Dadaab Kenya to IT-Enabled Market CF n - 25 - Opportunities - Pilot Phase

The Ethical Fashion Initiative - Ghana: Establishing sustainable export-market links and supply chain for Switzerland n 567 559 99% ethical fashion and lifestyle

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FOCUS AREA / PROGRAMME / PROJECT DONOR AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN ASIA-PACIFIC ARAB STATES EUROPE EASTERN AND CENTRAL ASIA LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN THE AND GLOBAL CORPORATE OP BUDGET $'000 $'000EXPENDITURE % SPEND

Youth and Trade

Business Development: Youth and trade Acceleration CF - 1 - Programme for Morocco n Youth and Trade Initiative CF n 165 131 79% Trade and Environment Programme

Trade and Environment programme - Phase 2 CF n n 1 220 1 306 107%

6 Supporting Regional Economic Integration and South-South Links

Boosting Regional Trade

Business Development: Improving livelihoods of displaced CF - 5 - people and host communities in Uganda through trade n Coordination of African Regional Cotton Sector Strategies European Union 410 295 72% Implementation n PACT II Bridge CF n 60 61 102% Project Development: Boosting Intra-African Trade - CF 53 79 149% A Pan-African Programme n Promoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa - Kenya CF n 787 767 97% Promoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa - Tanzania CF n 1 135 1 337 118% Promoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa - Zambia CF n 647 642 99% Trade promotion and value addition for African cotton European Union n 550 589 107% South-South Trade and Investment

IsDB, Egypt, Kuwait, Aid for Trade Initiative for Arab States Saudi Arabia, n 1 000 72 7% Sweden

Business Development: Supporting intra and interregional trade by linking Central American SMEs to Multilatinas CF n 11 8 70% Value Chains

Enhancing Export Capacities of Asian LDCs for China 327 215 66% Intra-regional Trade n Partnership for Investment-led Growth in Africa United Kingdom - 82 - (Scoping and design phase) n Regional Integration and Economic Partnership CF 252 237 94% Agreements (EPAs) Programme n n n n n Supporting Indian Trade and Investment for Africa (SITA) United Kingdom n n 2 300 5 478 238%

7 Corporate (Evaluation, IT and Performance, Visibility and Partnerships)

Evaluation and Impact Assessment CF n 210 209 100% IT and Performance CF n 850 575 68%

Visibility and Partnerships CF, Global Compact n 535 654 122%

Business Development Fund CF n 1 100 -

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 101 APPENDICES

APPENDIX III

ITC COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES BY COUNTRY

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS AFGHANISTAN ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process ƒƒBusiness Development: Programming EU Trade-Related Assistance for Afghanistan ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade ALBANIA ƒƒAddressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA ƒƒCEFTA - Trade Policy Capacity Building ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ALGERIA ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ANGOLA ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF BAHRAIN ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States BANGLADESH ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ƒƒNTF III Bangladesh: IT & ITES Export Competitiveness ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade BARBADOS ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

BELIZE ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts BENIN ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries

ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒBenin EIF: Strengthening production and trade capacities

BOSNIA AND ƒƒAddressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA HERZEGOVINA ƒƒCEFTA Trade Policy Capacity Building

102 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS BOTSWANA ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme ƒƒITC-Facilitated identification of strategic options for beef, horticulture, tourism and trade information for implementation by the EC-Funded Private Sector Development Programme BURKINA FASO ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒFormulation of the development strategy for the Shea –nut value chain in Burkina Faso ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme

BURUNDI ƒƒTrade facilitation for women informal cross-border traders and MSMEs in the East African Community - phase II ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II

CAMBODIA ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme

ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒExport diversification and expansion program (CEDEP) I: High value silk ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade

CAMEROON ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies

ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton

CENTRAL AFRICAN ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance REPUBLIC ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒ Africa: Regional cotton sector strategies

CHAD ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries

ƒƒStrengthening Trade Capacity of the Gum Arabic Sector in Chad

COLOMBIA ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme ƒƒ T4SD Exporter Self-Assessment and Capacity Building Project

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ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS COMOROS ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒ LDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒStrategy for strengthening the SPS sector in the Comoros ƒƒImproving competitiveness of vanilla, ylang-ylang and cloves exports of Comoros CONGO ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries

COTE D'IVOIRE ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒCôte d'Ivoire: Institutional strengthening of economic policy and facilitation of regional and global integration DEMOCRATIC ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies DJIBOUTI ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

DOMINICA ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts DOMINICAN ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II REPUBLIC ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts ECUADOR ƒƒ ITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme

ƒƒSupporting Services Trade in Ecuador

EGYPT ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒBusiness Development: Fostering SME competitiveness and trade amongst the Agadir Agreement countries ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

104 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS ETHIOPIA ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II ƒƒBusiness Development: TICAD V Multi-Country Project - Empowering Smallholders Producers through Market Access Boosting ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒTrade for Sustainable Development Programme Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ETHIOPIA (continued) ƒƒSupporting Women Business Enterprises in the Textiles and Garments Sector (Women and Trade Phase II) ƒƒCADFund-DFID-ITC Partnership for Investment-led Growth in Africa (PIGA) (Scoping and Design Phase) ƒƒSupporting Indian trade and investment for Africa (SITA)

ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme

FIJI ƒƒImprovement of key services to agriculture

ƒƒImprovement of key services to livestock and livestock products

GABON ƒƒPromotion of intra- and inter-regional trade in UEMOA, CEMAC and the francophone Mekong

GAMBIA ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒGambia: Sector Competitiveness and Export Diversification

GHANA ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

ƒƒThe Ethical Fashion Initiative - Ghana: Establishing sustainable export-market links and supply chain for ethical fashion and lifestyle

GUINEA ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries GUINEA-BISSAU ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies

GUYANA ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts HAITI ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒ Poor Communities and Trade Programme ƒƒHaiti: Ethical fashion initiative HONDURAS ƒƒT4SD Exporter Self-Assessment and Capacity Building Project INDIA ƒƒSupporting Indian Trade and Investment for Africa (SITA) INDONESIA ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 105 APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS IRAQ ƒƒ Coordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

JAMAICA ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts JAPAN ƒƒEthical Fashion Initiative Japan - Events and Market Promotion

JORDAN ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒBusiness Development: Fostering SME competitiveness and trade amongst the Agadir Agreement countries ƒƒDevelopment of SMEs Exports through Virtual Market Places

KENYA ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton

ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme - Phase 2

ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II

ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme

ƒƒ T4SD Exporter Self-Assessment and Capacity Building Project ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies

ƒƒNTF III Kenya - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the Avocado sector in Kenya ƒƒNTF III Kenya - Enhancing Export Competitiveness in the IT-ITES Sector in Kenya ƒƒSupporting Indian trade and investment for Africa (SITA) ƒƒPromoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa - Kenya ƒƒRefugee Employment & Skills Initiative (RESI): Linking Refugees in Dadaab, Kenya to IT-Enabled Market Opportunities - Pilot Phase ƒƒThe Ethical Fashion Initiative - East Africa chapter - Kenya

KUWAIT ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

ƒƒImproving the international competitiveness of food and beverage producers

KYRGYZSTAN ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒStrengthening export competitiveness of SMEs in the textile and clothing sector and enhancing trade support institutional capacity

LAO PDR ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒEnhancing sustainable tourism, clean production and export capacity - Phase II ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade

106 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS LEBANON ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

LESOTHO ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒHorticulture productivity and trade development

LIBERIA ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒLiberia: Tourism and Wood-Furniture Export Strategies

LIBYA ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

MADAGASCAR ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒ Strategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme - Phase 2

MALAWI ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒ Trade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒMalawi: Improved Trade Statistics and Information System ƒƒBusiness Development: TICAD V Malawi Country Project: Unlocking the Potential of Smallholder Producers through market access development MALAYSIA ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme

MALI ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒMali: Appui à la participation à une foire commerciale UMOCI - “Fancy Food Show”

MAURITANIA ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 107 APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS MAURITIUS ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme ƒƒBusiness Development: Strengthening Export Compitiveness for Inclusive Growth in Mauritius

REPUBLIC OF ƒƒAddressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA MOLDOVA ƒƒCEFTA Trade Policy Capacity Building MONGOLIA ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒSupporting Women Business Enterprises in the Textiles and Garments Sector (Women and Trade Phase II) MOROCCO ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒ ITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒBusiness Development: Fostering SME competitiveness and trade amongst the Agadir Agreement countries ƒƒExport Development for Employment Creation - EDEC Morocco ƒƒDevelopment of SMEs Exports through Virtual Market Places ƒƒ Business Development: Youth and trade Acceleration Programme for Morocco

MOZAMBIQUE ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme

ƒƒCADFund-DFID-ITC Partnership for Investment-led Growth in Africa (PIGA) (Scoping and Design Phase) MYANMAR ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme ƒƒNTF III Myanmar - Inclusive Tourism Focussing on Kayah State ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade ƒƒMyanmar: Road map for setting up a national trade information network ƒƒMyanmar: Improving food safety and compliance with SPS measures to increase export revenues in the oilseeds value chain NAMIBIA ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒACCESS! Namibia - Export Development Services for Business Women NEPAL ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒPoor Communities and Trade Programme ƒƒPashmina Enhancement and Trade Support (PETS) Project ƒƒAsian LDCs: Enhancing export capacity for intra-regional trade

NICARAGUA ƒƒEnhancing the capacities of women business enterprises to participate in international trade (W&T phase II)

108 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS NIGER ƒƒPromotion of intra- and interregional trade in UEMOA, CEMAC and the francophone Mekong ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

NIGERIA ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

OMAN ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒProject development: Strengthening Omani SME Export Competitiveness in Priority Sub-Sectors: Frankincense and Dates PAKISTAN ƒƒAssistance to the design and implementation of trade policy and regulatory reform to improve export possibilities PAPUA NEW GUINEA ƒƒEconomic Empowerment of Women in the Pacific Region (Women &Trade Phase II)

PARAGUAY ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

PERU ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme - Phase 2 ƒƒEthical fashion initiative: Private label ƒƒEnabling TISIs in Peru's northern corridor to respond to the needs of exporters

PHILIPPINES ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

QATAR ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒBuilding Capacities of TPOs in the Arab region

RWANDA ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme

ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II

ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒTrade for Sustainable Development Programme Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ƒƒBoosting the International Competitiveness of SME Clusters- BICS ƒƒSupporting Indian trade and investment for Africa (SITA)

SAINT LUCIA ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts SAINT VICENT AND ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance THE GRENADINES livelihoods from coconuts SAMOA ƒƒEconomic Empowerment of Women in the Pacific Region (Women &Trade Phase II)

SAO TOME & ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance PRINCIPE ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF SAUDI ARABIA ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 109 APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS SENEGAL ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒ Strategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒ Trade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒ Trade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒEIF Senegal: Project d'amelioration de la competitivite de la mangue sénégalaise

SERBIA ƒƒAddressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA ƒƒCEFTA Trade Policy Capacity Building SEYCHELLES ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

SIERRA LEONE ƒƒ Trade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒBusiness Development: Increased trade competiveness of selected agro sectors in Sierra Leone

SOMALIA ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States SOUTH AFRICA ƒƒSouth Africa: Building Capacity in Export Management and Export Market Analysis

SOUTH SUDAN ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process SRI LANKA ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme

ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒSTDF project: Pilot in Sri Lanka

ƒƒImproving the Safety and Quality of Sri Lankan Fruits and Vegetables

STATE OF PALESTINE ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒStrenghtening Capacities in Trade Promotion for Export Development ƒƒPalestine: Creating a One Stop - Shop for Sustainable Business ƒƒPalestine: Enhancing the development of women-owned SMEs (Women and Trade Phase II)

SUDAN ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒLDCs: Fostering business support to the WTO Accession process

110 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS TAJIKISTAN ƒƒImplementation of WTO provisions and business awareness of WTO Accession (Component Two)

ƒƒWTO Negotiations of Accession - Policy Advice and Capacity Building (Component One)

ƒƒStrengthening export competitiveness of SMEs in the textile and clothing sector and enhancing trade support institutional capacities THAILAND ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

THE FORMER ƒƒAddressing Market Access Barriers in CEFTA YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ƒƒCEFTA Trade Policy Capacity Building TOGO ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒBusiness Development: Appui a la creation d'un reseau d'Organismes monetaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

TRINIDAD AND ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) TOBAGO ƒƒCaribbean Region: Development of value added products and intra-regional trade to enhance livelihoods from coconuts TUNISIA ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM)

ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States ƒƒ Strategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒBusiness Development: Fostering SME competitiveness and trade amongst the Agadir Agreement countries ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II ƒƒBoosting Competitiveness of th Textile and Clothing Sector in Tunisia ƒƒDevelopment of SMEs Exports through Virtual Market Places

TURKEY ƒƒEuro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism - An online tool and problem solving network (TIFM) TUVALU ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

UGANDA ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II ƒƒEast African Community:Trade facilitation for women informal cross-border traders and MSMEs (phase II) ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme - Phase 2 ƒƒRegional Integration and Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) Programme ƒƒExport Strategy Design and Management Programme ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒNTF III Uganda - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the IT and ITES in Uganda ƒƒNTF III Uganda - Enhancing Export Competitiveness of the Coffee sector in Uganda ƒƒ Supporting Indian trade and investment for Africa (SITA)

UKRAINE ƒƒUkraine: Linking SMEs in the fruit and vegetables industry to global and domestic value chains

UNITED ARAB ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the EMIRATES Arab Countries ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 111 APPENDICES

ƒƒGLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMMES COUNTRY/AREA ƒƒCOUNTRY-SPECIFIC PROJECTS UNITED REPUBLIC OF ƒƒT4SD Small Traders Capacity Building Programme TANZANIA ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

ƒƒWIPO/ITC: Brand strategy activation

ƒƒ Africa: Regional cotton sector strategies

ƒƒTrade facilitation for women informal cross-border traders and MSMEs in the East African Community - phase II ƒƒImproving economic benefits for women in the coffee sector - phase II

ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I)

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒSupporting Indian trade and investment for Africa (SITA) ƒƒTanzania: Promoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa ƒƒProject development: Integration of Tanzania's Youth into global value chains of bee-products ƒƒTanzania: Integration of Horticulture Supply/Value Chains into Tourism - SECO component ƒƒTanzania: Integration of Horticulture Supply/Value Chains into Tourism URUGUAY ƒƒITC programme on non-tariff measures (NTMs) – phase II

VANUATU ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒEconomic Empowerment of Women in the Pacific Region (Women &Trade Phase II)

VIET NAM ƒƒPromotion of intra- and inter-regional trade in UEMOA, CEMAC and the francophone Mekong ƒƒTrade and Environment Programme ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒImprovement of income and employment opportunities for rural poor through green production (One UN) ƒƒZambia: Promoting Intra-regional trade in Eastern Africa

YEMEN ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance

ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF

ƒƒStrategic Partnerships for Enhancing Export Quality in Developing Countries ƒƒCoordinating a Regional Approach to Overcoming Trade Obstacles related to NTMs accross the Arab Countries ƒƒAid for Trade Initiative for the Arab States

ZAMBIA ƒƒEmpowering Women in the Cotton Sector (Women and Trade)

ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒProject development support for LDCs under EIF ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒZambia Green Jobs Programme Using Pass-Through Fund Management ƒƒCADFund-DFID-ITC Partnership for Investment-led Growth in Africa (PIGA) (Scoping and Design Phase) ƒƒ Zambia: Empowering women in the cotton sector (Women and Trade Phase II)

ZIMBABWE ƒƒTrade in services: Trade intelligence, partnership development and technical assistance ƒƒAfrica: Regional cotton sector strategies ƒƒTrade promotion and value addition for African cotton ƒƒAIM for Results: Improving TISI performance and measurement (Phase I) ƒƒZimbabwe: Support to Trade and Private Sector Development ƒƒStrengthening the national Sanitary and Phytosanitary institutional framework in Zimbabwe

112 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

APPENDIX IV

ITC NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT DESIGN IN 2015 BY REGION

REGION REGIONAL COUNTRY-SPECIFIC

Sub-Saharan African Union: Boosting intra-African trade Cameroun: Projet d’Investissement et de Développement des Africa Marchés Agricoles au Cameroun (PIDMA)

COMESA Regional Integration and Private Sector Congo: Programme d'appui au commerce - Congo Development Project (Brazzaville)

Competitive Intelligence partnerships with Francophone Ethiopia: Ethical Fashion Initiative African TISIs EAC: Trade Regional Integration Project (TRIP)

ECCAS Region: Promoting intra-African trade Ethiopia: Supporting the gum industry and trade information for improved competitiveness - GUMTrade Project

ECOWAS: Export Competitiveness and Inclusive Business Gambia: Economic empowerment of youth Development

Ethical fashion initiative: Pan-African fashion value chain Kenya: Refugee Employment and Skills Initiative (RESI)

Mano River: Post-Ebola project Liberia: Tourism and Furniture Export Strategies (EIF)

TICAD V Multi-Country Project: Empowering Smallholder Madagascar: Projet d’appui au développement des Producers through Market Access Boosting (Malawi, exportations malgaches Kenya, Ethiopia)

UEMOA: Projet d’appui à la compétitivité du commerce Mali: Projet d'Appui au Développement des Exportations et à l’intégration régionale de l’Union économique et Maliennes (PADEM) monétaire Ouest africaine

West Africa: Ethical Fashion Initiative (Phase II) Mauritius: Strengthening export competitiveness for inclusive growth

Niger: Projet de renforcement de la compétitivité à l’exportation de l’oignon, du kilishi, et du niebe du Niger

Seychelles: Supporting sustainable tourism development

Sierra Leone: Strengthening trade and export performance

Togo: Supporting trade competitiveness

Uganda: Improving livelihoods of displaced people and host communities in Uganda through trade

Asia and the ASEAN: Strengthening regional economic integration Sri Lanka: Trade-related assistance Pacific Afghanistan: Trade-related assistance

Viet Nam: Supporting to exports to South Korea through public procurement

Myanmar: Accelerating inclusive and sustainable export-led growth

Arab Region Agadir Agreement: Fostering SME competitiveness and Egypt: Strengthening the economic empowerment of women trade among member countries

Coordinating a Regional Approach to overcoming Trade Jordan: Export diversification through capacity building and Obstacles related to Non-Tariff Measures sector

Jordan: Strengthening the economic empowerment of women

Lebanon: Building Resilience Of Lebanese Economy

Morocco: Strengthening the economic empowerment of women

Morocco: Youth and trade acceleration programme for Morocco

Palestine: Improving the international competitiveness of goods and services development

Qatar: Improving SME competitiveness

Saudi Arabia: Strengthening the capacity of the Saudi Export Development Authority

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 113 APPENDICES

REGION REGIONAL COUNTRY-SPECIFIC

Latin America Central America: Support to women business enterprises Dominican Republic: Strengthening the Oriental vegetable and the in the artisanal industry industry Caribbean Central America: Supporting intra- and inter-regional trade Grenada: Implementing the export strategy for fresh produce by linking SMEs to the value chains of Multilatinas

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States: Expanding Haiti: Ethical Fashion Initiative agro-tourism linkages

Jamaica: Addressing NTMs for enhanced agricultural export competitiveness through quality and trade facilitation reforms

Saint Lucia: Strengthening the institutional infrastructure for export promotion

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Revamping the arrowroot industry

Eastern Eastern Partnership: Fostering the integration of SMEs into Georgia: Enhancing SME competitiveness through institutional Europe and European Union value chains capacity-building and assistance to the herbs industry Central Asia Moldova: Strengthening the national framework for trade and increasing SME competitiveness in the fruits and vegetables industry

Ukraine: Linking SMEs in the fruit and vegetables industry to global and domestic value chains

Global and Partnership for Investment-led Growth in Africa (PIGA) multi-regional Economic Empowerment of Women in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Countries (Women and Trade)

Indian Ocean Commission: Trade Regional Integration Project

Turkish- Africa cooperation along the value chain: Capacity-building for cotton production and transformation in three to five select African countries

Euro-Med Trade and Investment Facilitation Mechanism Phase II

Indo-Pacific Region: Business advocacy for services

114 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

APPENDIX V PROFILE OF ITC STAFF

COUNTRY MEN WOMEN TOTAL % OF COUNTRY MEN WOMEN TOTAL % OF TOTAL TOTAL DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Argentina 6 1 7 Afghanistan 1 0 1 Armenia 1 1 2 Benin 2 0 2 Bolivia 1 0 1 Burkina Faso 0 1 1 Brazil 1 4 5 Comoros 1 0 1 China 3 0 3 Democratic Republic 1 1 2 Colombia 2 1 3 of the Congo Costa Rica 1 0 1 Ethiopia 1 1 2 Côte d’Ivoire 2 0 2 Guinea 1 1 2 Croatia 0 3 3 Myanmar 0 1 1 Dominican Republic 1 0 1 Nepal 1 0 1 Ecuador 2 0 2 Senegal 0 1 1 Egypt 0 1 1 Uganda 1 1 2 Georgia 0 1 1 Zambia 0 2 2

Ghana 1 2 3 Least Developed 9 9 18 6% Guatemala 0 1 1 Countries Total India 8 3 11 Indonesia 0 1 1 Iran 1 0 1 OTHER COUNTRIES Jamaica 1 1 2 Australia 4 1 5 Kazakhstan 0 1 1 Barbados 1 0 1 Kenya 0 3 3 Belgium 1 0 1 Malaysia 2 2 4 Canada 5 3 8 Mauritius 3 3 6 Denmark 1 0 1 Mexico 4 2 6 Finland 1 1 2 Mongolia 0 1 1 France 26 37 63 Morocco 2 1 3 Germany 3 12 15 Namibia 0 1 1 Greece 0 2 2 Pakistan 2 0 2 Hungary 1 0 1 Panama 0 1 1 Ireland 1 2 3 Peru 1 1 2 Italy 8 10 18 Philippines 0 1 1 Japan 0 2 2 Romania 1 5 6 Malta 1 0 1 Russia 0 3 3 New Zealand 2 1 3 Serbia 1 0 1 Norway 1 0 1 South Africa 2 1 3 Poland 2 1 3 Sri Lanka 0 1 1 Portugal 0 1 1 State of Palestine 0 1 1 Republic of Korea 1 0 1 Syria 2 0 2 Spain 2 5 7 Thailand 0 1 1 Sweden 0 1 1 Tunisia 3 2 5 Switzerland 3 8 11 Turkey 1 1 2 United Kingdom 6 11 17 Uzbekistan 0 2 2 United States 6 8 14 Venezuela 1 0 1 Viet Nam 0 1 1 Other Countries Total 76 106 182 58% Zimbabwe 2 2 4

Dev. and Transition 58 57 115 36% Countries Total ITC TOTAL 143 172 315 100%

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 115 APPENDICES

APPENDIX VI

DISTRIBUTION OF ASSIGNMENTS BY NATIONALITY AND GENDER OF EXPERTS, 2015

TOTAL WOMEN MEN

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF WORK NUMBER OF WORK WORK DAYS FROM EXPERTS EXPERTS DAYS EXPERTS DAYS

DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES

AFRICA

Benin 7 455 7 455

Botswana 2 23 2 23

Burkina Faso 5 383 1 130 4 253

Burundi 2 110 1 50 1 60

Cameroon 3 460 3 460

Central African Republic 2 56 2 56

Chad 1 20 1 20

Comoros 3 58 1 15 2 43

Côte d'Ivoire 6 461 2 378 4 83 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 105 1 105

Ethiopia 10 551 3 111 7 440

Gambia 7 380 1 120 6 260

Ghana 2 310 2 310

Kenya 44 1 967 17 803 27 1 164

Lesotho 1 45 1 45

Madagascar 4 457.5 3 370 1 87.5

Malawi 1 20 1 20

Mali 2 110 2 110

Mauritius 4 227 2 188 2 39

Mozambique 1 0 1 0

Niger 2 93 2 93

Nigeria 2 68 2 68

Rwanda 7 705 3 202 4 503

Senegal 3 279 3 279

Sierra Leone 1 20 1 20

South Africa 13 543 6 381 7 162

Togo 1 90 1 90

Uganda 19 1 145.5 6 203.5 13 942

United Republic of Tanzania 22 906.5 5 242.5 17 664

Zambia 10 275 2 40 8 235

Zimbabwe 13 481.5 2 100 11 381.5

(24% of total) AFRICA 201 10 805 57 3 439 144 7 366

116 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

TOTAL WOMEN MEN

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF WORK NUMBER OF WORK WORK DAYS FROM EXPERTS EXPERTS DAYS EXPERTS DAYS

ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Bangladesh 3 169 3 169

Cambodia 3 192 1 99 2 93

China 8 349 5 288 3 61

Fiji 21 1 018.5 5 582.5 16 436

India 30 2 198.5 8 982 22 1 216.5

Indonesia 1 150 1 150 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1 55 1 55

Lebanon 2 110 2 110

Malaysia 2 41 1 31 1 10

Mongolia 1 15 1 15

Myanmar 3 215 2 195 1 20

Nepal 5 314 2 254 3 60

Pakistan 15 486 5 104 10 382

Papua New Guinea 2 125 2 125

Philippines 3 105 3 105

Republic of Korea 2 385 2 385

Singapore 3 40 1 4 2 36

Sri Lanka 1 163 1 163

Thailand 2 138 1 100 1 38

Vanuatu 1 232 1 232

Viet Nam 1 180 1 180

(13% of total) ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TOTAL 110 6 681 43 3 817.5 67 2 863.5

ARAB REGION

Algeria 4 340.5 1 13.5 3 327

Egypt 2 74 2 74

Kuwait 20 657 2 96 18 561

Morocco 27 1 132.5 4 234 23 898.5

State of Palestine 4 80 4 80

Sudan 1 19 1 19

Syrian Arab Republic 2 59 2 59

Tunisia 41 1 886.5 9 351 32 1 535.5

(12% of total) ARAB REGION TOTAL 101 4 248.5 21 793.5 80 3 455

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 117 APPENDICES

TOTAL WOMEN MEN

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF WORK NUMBER OF WORK WORK DAYS FROM EXPERTS EXPERTS DAYS EXPERTS DAYS

EUROPE AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS)

Armenia 1 220 1 220

Belarus 2 258 1 18 1 240

Kazakhstan 1 10 1 10

Kyrgyzstan 9 970 7 730 2 240

Montenegro 1 17 1 17

Russian Federation 7 529 7 529

Serbia 1 24 1 24

Tajikistan 9 720 2 205 7 515 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1 20 1 20

Ukraine 3 104 2 93 1 11

(4% of total) EUROPE AND THE CIS TOTAL 35 2 872 23 1 849 12 1 023

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Argentina 2 43 1 17 1 26

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4 514 2 264 2 250

Brazil 4 508 3 502 1 6

Belize 1 35 1 35

Chile 3 143 2 118 1 25

Colombia 7 348 4 195 3 153

Costa Rica 2 147.5 2 147.5

Ecuador 1 25 1 25

Guatemala 1 122 1 122

Honduras 2 70 1 5 1 65

Mexico 1 29 1 29

Nicaragua 2 45 1 25 1 20

Peru 13 1 198 5 503 8 695

Saint Lucia 1 50 1 50

Trinidad and Tobago 2 192 1 112 1 80

Uruguay 1 14 1 14 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 2 195 1 29 1 166

LATIN AMERICA AND (6% of total) THE CARIBBEAN TOTAL 49 3 678.5 25 1 985 24 1 694

118 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

TOTAL WOMEN MEN

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF WORK NUMBER OF WORK WORK DAYS FROM EXPERTS EXPERTS DAYS EXPERTS DAYS

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Bulgaria 3 183 3 183

Canada 16 820 7 415 9 405

Croatia 3 157 2 142 1 15

Czech Republic 2 266 1 230 1 36

Estonia 1 20 1 20

Finland 3 68 3 68

France 61 3 879 22 1 476.5 39 2 402.5

Germany 26 2 053 9 886 17 1 167

Greece 1 32.5 1 32.5

Hungary 1 26 1 26

Ireland 6 168 3 47 3 121

Israel 3 46 2 20 1 26

Italy 25 1 711 8 634 17 1 077

Japan 2 98 2 98

Netherlands 24 1 110 5 335.5 19 774.5

New Zealand 4 262 2 209 2 53

Poland 1 150 1 150

Portugal 1 22 1 22

Romania 5 319 5 319

Slovakia 1 54 1 54

Spain 11 465.5 5 284 6 181.5

Sweden 1 28 1 28

Switzerland 19 1504 11 928.5 8 575.5 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the) 54 2 858.5 20 968 34 1 890.5

United States of America 42 2 429.5 19 830.5 23 1 599

TOTAL (41% of total) DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 342 20 702 145 9 097 197 11 605

TOTAL ALL REGIONS 838 48 987 314 20 981 524 28 006

In addition: ITC contracted 838 consultants and individual contractors (314 women and 524 men from 115 countries) for technical expertise during 2015.

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 119 APPENDICES

APPENDIX VII

SCHEDULE OF VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ITC TRUST FUND

2014 (US$ ‘000) 2015 (US$ ‘000)

DONORS WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2 TOTAL WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2 TOTAL

Associate experts - Finland - 391 391 - 138 138

Associate experts - France - 178 178 - - -

Associate experts - Germany - 189 189 - 364 364

Associate experts - Italy - 181 181

Associate experts - Netherlands - 357 357

Australia - 115 115 - 902 902

Canada 850 1 122 1 972 749 962 1 712

Caribbean Export Development Agency - 24 24 - - -

Central European Free Trade Area (CEFTA) - 91 91

Centre for the Develompent of Enterprise - 59 59 - 88 88

China 100 400 500 100 400 500

Confederation on Indian Industry 20 20 - - -

Denmark 2 340 - 2 340 2 125 63 2 188

DHL - 63 63

Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) - 1 370 1 370 - 3 027 3 027

European Union - 9 561 9 561 - 6 317 6 317

FEFAC - 34 34

Finland 3 294 - 3 294 2 116 - 2 116

Foundation for the Global Compact 100 - 100

France 146 - 146 - - -

Germany (GIZ) - 225 225 - 136 136

Germany 2 541 - 2 541 2 353 - 2 353

Humanist Institute for Co-operation with - 156 156 - 108 108 Developing Countries (Hivos)

ILO - - - - 160 160

India 50 - 50 50 - 50

Inter-American Development Bank - 60 60 - - -

Ireland 1 144 - 1 144 900 - 900

Islamic Development Bank - 20 20 - 570 570

Japan - 56 56 - 347 347

Kuwait - 249 249 - - -

La Corporacion de Promocion de Exportaciones e Inversiones (CORPEI) - 98 98 - - - de Ecuador

Mali - 50 50

Namibia - 144 144 - - -

National Graduate Institute for Policy - 104 104 Studies (GRIPS)

120 INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE APPENDICES

2014 (US$ ‘000) 2015 (US$ ‘000)

DONORS WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2 TOTAL WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2 TOTAL

Netherlands (the) - 1 542 1 542 - 3 052 3 052

Norway 2 680 - 2 680 2 619 - 2 619

Office of Private Section Relations/Saint ------Lucia Trade Export Promotion Agency

One UN Fund - 373 373 - 726 726

Organisation Internationale de la - 8 8 - - - Francophonie

Qatar Development Bank - 27 27 - 725 725

Republic of Korea (the) - 641 641 - 35 35

Revolving funds - 565 565 - 781 781

South Africa - 105 105 - - -

Stichting IDH Sustainable Trade Initiative - 37 37 - - -

Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI - 93 93 Platform)

Sweden 4 441 - 4 441 3 669 1 145 4 814

Switzerland 56 2 990 3 046 206 2 731 2 937

Switzerland/EIF - 608 608 - 244 244

Sultanate of Oman - 27 27

The Mo Ibrahim Foundation - 114 114 - 114 114

Trade Promotion Organisations (TPO) ------

Trademark East Africa 10 10 - - -

UNDP - 200 200 - 150 150

UNIDO - - - - 110 110

United Kingdom of Great Britain and 10 3 530 3 540 - 9 398 9 398 Northern Ireland (the)

Uruguay - 28 28

USAID - - - - 887 887

World Bank - 588 588 - 1 006 1 006

WTO-STDF - 315 315 - 458 458

GRAND TOTAL 17 682 26 060 43 742 14 986 36 172 51 159

ANNUAL REPORT 2015 121

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. May 2016 Original: English

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