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Geologic Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 1 3.0 Results ............................................................................................................................ 1 3.1 Site Overview ................................................................................................................ 1 3.2 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 1 3.3 Soils ............................................................................................................................... 2 3.4 Site Hydrogeologic Assessment .................................................................................. 3 4.0 References...................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Forms and Attachments • Attachment A – Geologic Assessment Table • Attachment B – Stratigraphic Column • Attachment C - Narrative Description of Site Geology • Attachment D – Location Map, Site Geologic Map, and Soils Map • Attachment E – Photographic Documentation Geologic Assessment Report, US 79 from IH35 to east of FM 1460 LIST OF PREPARERS Crystal Allgood Project Manager Philip C. Pearce, P.G. Senior Geoscientist Debbie Duran, G.I.T. Environmental Specialist Ben Dilly, G.I.T. Environmental Specialist Jason Kainer Geographic Information Systems Specialist Geologic Assessment Report, US 79 from IH35 to east of FM 1460 1 1.0 Introduction 2 SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) was contracted by LAN to conduct a Geologic 3 Assessment for the presence of potential recharge features for the proposed improvements 4 along US 79 from IH-35 to east of FM 1460, located in Round Rock, Williamson County, 5 Texas (“project site”) (Appendix A, Attachment D). This report includes the Texas Commission 6 on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Geologic Assessment form #TCEQ-0585. 7 2.0 Methodology 8 SWCA geologists conducted a field survey for a Geologic Assessment on 23 March 2018, 12 9 July 2018,10 July 2019 and 20 November 2019. The pedestrian survey was completed by 10 walking parallel transects spaced approximately 50 feet apart as directed by the TCEQ in the 11 Instructions to Geologists for Geologic Assessments on the Edwards Aquifer 12 Recharge/Transition Zones (Rev. 10-01-04). Closer spacing was used where vegetation 13 inhibited clear observation. All potential karst features, including depressions, holes, and 14 animal burrows, were carefully examined for evidence of subsurface extent. A number of 15 techniques were used for this effort, including probing with a digging implement to 16 determine the thickness and consistency of fill material and feeling for the presence of air 17 flow, which may indicate the presence of a sub-surface void space. Other techniques 18 included making observations of any notable characteristics of the feature site such as the 19 presence of various types of vegetation or a semi-circular burrow mound produced by the 20 activities of small mammals. 21 3.0 Results 22 3.1 Site Overview 23 The project site lies within the Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone and Edwards Aquifer Transition 24 Zone. The subject property generally slopes to the southwest. The surface elevations range 25 from 700 to 750 feet above mean sea level (amsl). The property consists of a paved road and 26 parkway areas, and includes areas of adjacent proposed right-of-way (ROW) expansion. 27 Residential and commercial properties are adjacent to the project site. 28 3.2 Geology 29 The subject property is underlain by Eagle Ford Group (Kef), Buda Limestone (Kbu), Del Rio 30 Clay (Kdg), Georgetown Formation (Kgt), and Edwards Formation (Ked). The Ked is exposed 31 west of IH-35. The Kef is composed of claystone, shale, flaggy limestone, and marl. The Kbu 32 is comprised of nodular, soft and hard limestone and is very fossiliferous. The Del Rio Clay 33 (Kdg) formation is composed of claystone and contains pyrite and selenite. The Kgt is 34 comprised of thin, fine-grained limestone (Housh 2007). Quaternary-age terrace and alluvial Geologic Assessment Report, US 79 from IH35 to east of FM 1460 1 35 deposits cover the bedrock units in portions of the site (Collins 1997). A Stratigraphic 36 Column is included as Appendix A, Attachment B. 37 The subject property occurs within the Balcones Fault Zone (BFZ) within the Edwards Aquifer 38 Recharge Zone. During the middle Tertiary, structural down-warping occurred to the 39 southeast associated with the formation of the ancestral Gulf of Mexico. The earth’s crust 40 was stretched in response, and the BFZ formed along a zone of weakness, which today 41 marks the boundary between the Edwards Formation and the Gulf Coastal Plain throughout 42 central Texas. This zone consists of a series of northeast trending, predominantly normal, 43 nearly vertical, en echelon faults. A fault identified as Chandler Fault crosses the project 44 area west of Egger Avenue (Housh 2007). 45 The project area is within the Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone. Recharge into the Edwards 46 Aquifer primarily occurs in areas where the Edwards Formation and Georgetown Formation 47 are exposed at the surface. Most recharge is from direct infiltration via precipitation and 48 streamflow loss. Recharge occurs predominantly along secondary porosity features such as 49 faults, fractures, and karst features (caves, solution cavities, sinkholes, etc.). Karst features 50 are commonly formed along joints, fractures, and bedding plane surfaces in the Edwards 51 Formation and Georgetown Formation. 52 3.3 Soils 53 A review of soils data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources 54 Conservation Service (NRCS) indicates that eleven soil map units are present within the 55 Project Area (NRCS 2018): Krum silty clay (1 to 3 percent slopes) (KsB); Fairlie clay (0 to 1 56 percent slopes) (FaA); Branyon clay (0 to 1 percent slopes) (BrA); Crockett fine sandy Loam 57 (1 to 3 percent slopes) (CfB), Doss silty clay (1 to 3 percent slopes) (DoC Krum silty clay (0 to 58 1 percent slopes) (KsA); Oakalla silty clay (0 to 2 percent slopes) (Of); Queeny clay loam (1 to 59 5 percent slopes) (QuC); Houston Black clay (3 to 5 percent slopes)(HuC2); Branyon Clay 60 (BrB) (1 to 3 percent slopes); and Georgetown stony clay (1 to 3 percent slopes)(GsB). 61 The KsB and KsA consist of very deep to clayey alluvium, well drained soils and are in the 62 “C” hydrologic soil group, which has a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted. 63 The FaA is composed of deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. The BrA 64 and BrB soils consist of very deep, moderately well drained, slow permeable soils. The Of 65 soils are very deep, well drained soils that form in loamy alluvium. The QuC soils consist of 66 well drained soils. The HuC2 and GsB soils consist of moderately well drained soils. The 67 FaA, BrA, BrB, CfB, DoC, Of, QuC, HuC2, and GsB soil types are in “D” classification of the 68 hydrologic soil groups, which have a very slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted (NRCS 69 2018). A map displaying the locations of the soil types is included in Appendix A, 70 Attachment D. Geologic Assessment Report, US 79 from IH35 to east of FM 1460 2 71 3.4 Site Hydrogeologic Assessment 72 Overall, the potential for fluid movement to the Edwards Aquifer at the site is moderate. Two 73 potential recharge features were identified on site, and terrace and alluvial deposits cover 74 much of the project site. 75 The depth to water in the western portion of the project site appears to be relatively shallow 76 (less than 50 feet) based on depth to water measurements in nearby well number 58-27- 77 810 and the presence of Brushy Creek Spring, which is located in the eastern portion of the 78 site. Well 58-27-810 has had water levels ranging from 605 to 687.64 feet in elevation 79 (Texas Water Development Board [TWDB] 2018). The ground elevation near the western end 80 of the project site is approximately 730 feet. 81 Brushy Creek Spring is located within the Lake Creek Watershed inside a storm water culvert 82 that runs under highway 79 (N 30.516834°, W 97.661271°). Spring flow is ephemeral, but 83 when present, water emerges from three spring diversion pipes and several cracks in the 84 concrete culvert. Water flows from the culvert over a large riprap structure and into a deep 85 pool, which then constricts into a spring run that empties directly into Brushy Creek. The 86 spring is located within the Transition Zone portion of the project approximately 0.5 miles 87 east of the Edwards Aquifer Recharge boundary. It discharges at an elevation of roughly 700 88 feet. Construction of the culvert beneath US 79 is believed to have intercepted some of the 89 flow from the original Brushy Creek Spring orifice, which might have been previously located 90 somewhat south or east of the current spring location. 91 To the east of Chandler Fault within the project site, the Edwards Aquifer appears to be 92 confined and water moves upward under artesian conditions into the overlying Buda 93 Limestone and possibly alluvial deposits before discharging at Brushy Creek. Housh (2007) 94 mapped an unnamed fault south of the project
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