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Indian Streams Research Journal

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Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS Ex - VC. University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil N.S. Dhaygude Head Geology Department Solapur Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur R. R. Yalikar University, Solapur Director Managment Institute, Solapur Narendra Kadu Rama Bhosale Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune Umesh Rajderkar Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Head Humanities & Social Science Panvel K. M. Bhandarkar YCMOU, Nashik Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Salve R. N. S. R. Pandya Department of Sociology, Shivaji Sonal Singh Head Education Dept. University, University, Kolhapur Vikram University, Ujjain Mumbai

Govind P. Shinde G. P. Patankar Alka Darshan Shrivastava Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Education Center, Navi Mumbai Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Rahul Shriram Sudke Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Director,Hyderabad AP India. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune S.Parvathi Devi S.KANNAN Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Ph.D , Annamalai University,TN Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary, Play India Play (Trust),Meerut Sonal Singh Satish Kumar Kalhotra

Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 , India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.net Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 2, Issue.10,Nov. 2012 ISSN:-2230-7850 Available online at www.isrj.net ORIGINAL ARTICLE

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE OF SINA WATER POLLUTION

MAHADEO S. JADHAV , ROHIDAS R. BHALSING AND MR. SAHADEO S. JADHAV

Department of Geography, , Ahmednagar. Department of Geography, Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon. Department of Geography,Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon. (Maharashtra State)

Abstract:

The quality of water, whether it is used for drinking, irrigation or recreational purposes, is significant. In responding to the challenge of improving water quality, countries develop standards intended to protect public health. Recognizing this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a series of normative "guidelines" that present an authoritative assessment of the health risks associated with exposure to health hazards through water and of the effectiveness of approaches to their control. Water quality around the city is under the problem. Due to discharge of west water from the urban centers in the river channels, fresh water getting polluted. In Maharashtra state most of the cities are producing maximum west water disturbing the quality of channels water near the urban centers. This paper focuses on the current status of urban west water the Maharashtra and case study of Ahmednagar city. The city Ahmednagar is a district centre located on the left bank of . Since River Sina enter in the city, quality of water in channel fall down sudden. The cause is nothing but untreated urban west water. Water quality has been tested by using the WATER ANALYSER – 371.The pH, temperature and other parameter have considered for analysis and it shows that the water quality in the river channel is not natural.

KEYWORDS:

Water Analyser 371, Ph, Waste Water, Parameters, Water Quality.

INTRODUCTION:

The quality of water, whether it is used for drinking, irrigation or recreational purposes, is significant for health in both developing and developed countries worldwide. In responding to the challenge of improving water quality, countries develop standards intended to protect public health. Recognizing this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a series of normative "guidelines" that present an authoritative assessment of the health risks associated with exposure to health hazards through water and of the effectiveness of approaches to their control. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface; the oceans contain 97.2% of the Earth's water. The fresh water in the river and other natural water bodies are getting pollute due to the discard of the west water in to the water bodies after use. “Waste water is any water that is discarded after use. Sanitary waste from private or industrial applications is contaminated with fecal matter, soaps, detergents, etc., but is quite readily handled from a corrosion standpoint. Industrial wastes from chemical or petrochemical sources can contain strange and specific contaminants which greatly complicate materials selection, especially in the uses of plastics and elastomers.” Recently the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India has published a report on west

Indian Streams Research Journal • Volume 2 Issue 10 • Nov 2012 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE..... water analysis of leading cities of India. The PCB has analyzed the west water sample and checked all important parameter. Most of the leading cities produce maximum west water and discharging in the river Chanel hence the surface water and rivers are become highly polluted. River ecosystem is total disturbed due to the west water of cities. Due to rapid urbanization in Maharashtra 84 cities and semi cities are facing the problem of fresh water, west water management, river pollution, surface water pollution, ground water pollution clines, and suffering through unhygienic environment. · In Maharashtra 70% cities west water is directly discharge in the river ,nala, lake, dam withought any kind of treatment. · MPCB has divide all(84) the cities in two categories on basis of population for their study purpose. Class I City: More than 100,000 population

Class II Semi City: 50,000 to 100,000 populations

In Maharashtra Daily water supply to these cities is 12,750 million liter. From this water supply 10,272 million liter west water is produced.

Maharashtra is one of the leading state (rank-I) in production of west water daily.

Name of the Waste Water (in Sr.No. State Million Liter) 1 Maharashtra 10272 2 Uttar Pradesh 3851 3 West Bengal 2525 4 Karnataka 2023 Table No.1 State wise waste water in million liters.

Waste Water getting from the 84 cities only 40% waste water discharge in river after proper treatment. In Mumbai -80%, Pune 64%, Nashik 47%, Nagpur 26% waste water discharge with proper treatment.

So it is burning environmental issue. In Maharashtra all the 1st and 2nd ranked cities are producing west water and discharging in to the river without treatment. It is creating the environmental problem in the city long the river. In this paper attempt has made to study the states of the Sina river water pollution using the secondary data from MPCB, Ahmednagar and primary data has been collected with WATER ANALYSER – 371 kit at the different sites along the River stream in the city.

STUDY AREA:

The Ahmednagar city is situated in the central part of the Deccan plateau, on the eastern flank of Harishchandra hill range in the upper basin and on the left bank of 'Sina' river. The Sina has two chief sources, one near Jamgaon fourteen miles west of the town of Ahmendagar, near Jeur ten miles to the north- east. The town of Ahmednagar is built on left bank of the river, which there takes south-easterly course. Leaving the district boundary it enters Solapur and ultimately falls into the Bhima. Ahmednagar city is situated between 19o 04' N to 19o 08' N latitude and 74o 44' E to 74o 46' E longitude at the height of 656.54 meters from the mean sea level. A contour of 660 m surrounds the city.

2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

LOCATION MAP OF STUDY AREA

OBJECTIVES:

Against the above background, the present work attempts to study the states of the water pollution along the River Sina in and around Ahmednagar city. The broad objectives of the study are.

1. To study the level of water pollution of river Sina in Ahmednagar city with the standard parameters. 2. To understand the role of the waste water discharge in the channel water pollution of river Sina.

DATA SOURCE AND METHODOLOGY:

In order to understand the states of the water pollution along the river Sina in Ahmednagar city, the methodology adopted is that presented in the flow chart.Flow chart of Methodology

Primary Data: Secondary Data: Fieldwork / MPCB,Ahmednagar WAT ER ANALYSER Survey Data SOI Toposheet-47I/12,16 : 371-data collection of various parameters at the sample station Georefrencing and Digitization With the Arc -GIS: 9.3 Analysis of Data, Graphical Representation. Comparison Location Map Location based analysis and Sample Location conclusions map

3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

The primary data has been collected at different sample station along the river in the city using Water Analyser-371. The secondary data of the different parameter obtained from the MPCB office Ahmednagar. And both data analyzed and graphically represented using the Microsoft Office Execel-2001 to reach the conclusions.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Indian Standards for drinking water:

Depending upon the magnitude of treatment required, proper unit operations are selected and arranged in the proper sequential order for the purpose of modifying the quality of raw water to meet the desired standards. Indian Standards for drinking water are given in the table below.

Drinking Water Specifications (IS: 10500:1991)

Sr. CHARACTERISTICS DESIRABLE PERMISSIBLE No (Parameter) LIMIT LIMIT ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS 1. Colous (Hazen units) 5 25 Unobjectionab 2. Odour - le 3. Taste Agreeable - 4. Turbidty (NTU) 5 10 5. Ph 6.5 – 8.5 - 6. Total Hardness (mg/l) 300 600 7. Iron (mg/l) 0.3 1.0 8. Chlorides (mg/l) 250 1000 9. Residual free chlorine (mg/l) 0.2 -

CITIES OF MAHARASHTRA STATE AND WASTE WATER:

The PCB of India recently published (Feb.2010) report on the problem of urban west water drain. The report shoes those 84 cities of Maharashtra draining the 10,272 million liter west water daily in the different rivers and fresh surface water bodies around the cities. The fact about the report is shown in the following table and graphs.

City PHPDWWL DWSCML Pune 192 750 Thane 186.64 362 Bhivandi 172 158 172 231 Brihan Mumbai 163.77 3000 Badlapur 157.66 22 Nagpur 158.53 500 Nvagar 157.45 28.25 Pipri Chinchvad 155 240 Ulhasnagar 148.53 108

4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

PHPDWWL: Per Head Per Day Waste Water in Liter DWSCML: Daily Water Supply to City in Million Liters. Source: PCB of India report published (Feb.2010).

Source: PCB of India report published (Feb.2010).

Pre-Monsoon: Dated 28.01.2009 Month –January Pollution Control Board Ahmednagar: Sample Location along Sina

Sr. Oil BOD 3day Suspended Total Dissolved Sample Location pH COD No. &Grease 27°C Solids Solids 1 Nala Nagar-Solapur 6.74 1 12 40 69 724 Road 2 Kedgon Devi Road 7.16 1 15 44 72 416 Near RS 3 Burudgaon Road 7.04 1 13 40 54 1126 Nala 4 Misjinmala Nala 7.36 1 14 40 65 426 Tarkpure 5 Mukundnagar Nala 7.32 1 26 72 210 512 6 Nala on Kedgaon- 7.4 3 108 256 318 526 nepti Road 7 Balikashram Road 7.96 1 32 72 296 747 Nala 8 Amardham Road Nala 7.87 1 38 64 310 627 9 Bhingar nala near 7.5 BDL 29 56 47 512 Sarsnagar Source: Pollution Control Board Ahmednagar: Sample Location along Sina

5 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

Post-Monsoon: Dated 05.08.2009, Month: August Pollution Control Board Ahmednagar : Sample Location Along Sina

Sr. Parameters? pH Oil & BOD 3day COD Suspended Chloride No. Location TDS* Grease 27°C Solids Sample? 1 Road- 4.9 BDL 2000 7080 488 5600 3175 Naka 2 Sina River 7.14 BDL 98 204 48 982 420 3 Near 5.8 BDL 110 264 50 402 115 Arjunapartment Savedi 4 Nala near 7.2 BDL 44 96 30 488 135 Panchshil Hotel 5 Nala Chinyamani 7.22 BDL 36 92 38 518 120 Hospital 6 Nala -Amardham 7.47 BDL 40 120 30 836 225 7 Nala near 7.18 2 90 192 122 858 230 Burudgoan 8 Nala Klyan road 7.4 BDL 46 96 44 994 280 9 Daund nala - 7.58 BDL 48 100 38 940 235 Kedgaon devi 10 Sina River Nagar 7.45 BDL 70 116 30 702 250 Pune Road 11 Nala near 7.75 bdl 100 232 102 1146 185 Solapure Bridge Source: Pollution Control Board Ahmednagar: Sample Location along Sina *TDS: Total Dissolved Solids

Comparison of Water Analysis Parameters Samples taken by MPCB Ahmednagar Pre and Post-Monsoon

6 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

RESULT TABLE OF SAMPLE ANALYSIS BY WATER ANALYSER -371, ALONG RIVER SINA:

Name of Sample Temp COND TDS SAL COND TDS SAL DO Time pH Point (°C) (ms) (ppt) (ppt) (ms) (ppt) (ppt) (ppt) Railway Bridge 5.41pm 31.8 7.67 1.45 0.73 0.65 13.5 6.83 6.04 7.2 Amardham 6.12pm 30.3 7.61 2.36 1.24 1.09 23.2 12.2 10.7 11.3 Ambika Nala 5.40pm 32 8.08 2.34 1.18 1.03 23.3 11.2 9.8 4.5 Sina near Ambika N 6.01pm 28.9 7.66 4.55 2.43 2.14 42.1 22.6 19.9 6.5 Sina and Ambika N 6.15pm 31.5 8.09 2.31 1.19 1.05 22.2 11.4 10.1 4.9 Conflunce Bhingar Nala at sina 6.40pm 31.1 7.91 2.47 1.29 1.13 23.8 12.4 10.9 2.9 Bhingar Nala 7.00pm 30.3 7.99 2.32 1.22 1.07 22.7 11.9 10.5 6.7

Source: Survey Data

Graphical Representation of Result Table of Sample Analysis By Water Analyser -371, Along River Sina

7 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF AHMEDNAGAR CITY: SPECIAL REFERENCE.....

OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS:

During this study we pointed out followings observation-

1.The Sina River near the city is highly polluted by all respect of indicators. 2.At the Manmad road near to Savedi area the concentration of COD, TDS, and Chloride is more because of the industrial water as well as the west water, sewage water for savedi residence. 3.Phenol is also highly concentrated at the Manmad road sample near Sarda College 4.Water temperature found near about 32°c at Sina Near to Ambika nala which highest. 5.DO is less in all sample of Sina River, it means the O2 is very poor in the water hence fishes or other animals are not sustain in this water in Bhinger nala DO is lowest. 6.The pH is desirable in near about all sample only at Ahmednagar and Bhingar nala point pH is high thus water is alkaline.

I short all parameters are indicating that the Sina's Water is polluted, due to west water drain, industrial west water and biotic west, garbage etc. Intensity of the pollution of water is increasing near the Amerdham and at the Borudgaon because they are located downward side of the city where maximum west water accumulates flow forward. All waste water drains in the river Sina without any kind of treatment. The bad smell is also major problem along river bank Sina, it is very inconvenient to those people staying along the Sina River. The color of water has totally changed and converts in to undesirable situation or level, it has to be test through proper method. With increasing urbanization, west water also increase in future. Ahmednagar city has potential growth because good hence supply of water is will increase in coming days ,that's why corporation should have to think very seriously in coming days. Sewage treatment plant is not in operation from the last 20 years. In short, Ecosystem of the Sina River near the city has totally damaged due to West Water.

SUGGESTION:

Municipal Corporation has to setup the system of Urban Waste Water Management. Reuse of the Urban Waste Water, is possible for urban agriculture. Urban Waste Water Management through Urban Agriculture. Minimization of the waste water. To make aware the people about this serious problem. To make some regulations and laws at local level by concerned authority. To solve or minimize the problem, locale peoples participation is most important so corporation should have develop the program for increasing the people participation.

CONCLUDING REMARKS :

Sina is impotent tributary of flowing along Ahmednagar city in Maharashtra. At the origin of sina water is very fresh, in the main channel ,dams in upper part of sina like Pimpalgon Malvi, Kapurwadi, but when the Sina enter in the city it become highly polluted. The total Sina rive ecosystem is damaged due to the west water drain in main and sub channels of river. Rejuvenation of the Sina River Ecosystem for urban health and Sustainable development of Ahmednagar city is the need of time. Ultimate authority is Municipal Corporation of Ahmednagar city as well as the citizens of the city also have worked out plan of Sina River Development.

REFERENCES :

1.B K Sharma, (2001), Environmental Chemestry: GOEL Publication House Meerut. 2.CGWB and CGWA Gov. of India Hydrogeology and Ground Water Resources Of Ahmenagar District. 3.G Tyler Miller, (1994), Living In the Environment, 4.Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), Sub Center – Ahmednagar (2009) 5.Santra S. C., (2001), Environmental Science, New Central Book Agency (p)Ltd.,Kolkata. 6.Savinder Sing, (2000), Environmental Geography, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.

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