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Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields in the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed, South-Central Texas, 1995–2010

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Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields in the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed, South-Central Texas, 1995–2010 Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields in the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed, South-Central Texas, 1995–2010 Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5051 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: North Fork Guadalupe River upstream from Highway 39, near Hunt, Texas, June 17, 2011. Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields in the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed, South- Central Texas, 1995–2010 By Johnathan R. Bumgarner and Florence E. Thompson Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5051 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 This and other USGS information products are available at http://store.usgs.gov/ U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 To learn about the USGS and its information products visit http://www.usgs.gov/ 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Bumgarner, J.R., and Thompson, F.E., 2012, Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5051, 25 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................2 Description of the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed .................................................................2 Model Development .....................................................................................................................................6 Functional Description of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool ..................................................6 Model Input Data .................................................................................................................................7 Model Calibration ...............................................................................................................................12 Model Limitations ...............................................................................................................................15 Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields ........................15 Simulation Methods ...........................................................................................................................17 Simulation Results .............................................................................................................................17 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................22 References Cited .........................................................................................................................................22 Figures 1. Location of the Guadalupe River watershed, including the upper Guadalupe River watershed study area, south-central Texas ...........................................................................3 2. Locations of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and the National Weather Service and U.S. Geological Survey meteorological stations providing data for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model, south-central Texas ...................4 3. Subbasin delineation for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model, south- central Texas ................................................................................................................................8 4. Slope categories used for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model, south- central Texas ................................................................................................................................9 5. Relative soil infiltration rates in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south- central Texas ..............................................................................................................................10 6. National Land Cover Database 2006 land-cover categories in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas ...............................................................11 7. Calibration plots of the A, temporal distribution and B, relation of simulated monthly streamflow and measured monthly streamflow at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08167500 Guadalupe River near Spring Branch, Texas, 1995–2010 ....................................................................................................................................14 8. Delineation of the brush-management subbasins for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model brush-management simulations, south-central Texas ........................16 9. Texas Ecological Systems Dataset land-cover classes used for brush- management simulations for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model, south-central Texas ...................................................................................................................18 iv Tables 1. Data-collection sites providing data for the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas .....................................................................................................................5 2. Summary of the calibrated values for selected process-related parameters for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995–2010 .........................................................................13 3. Hydrologic calibration results for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08167500 Guadalupe River near Spring Branch, Texas, 1995–2010 ....................................................................................................................................15 4. Percent areal coverage of unmodified National Land Cover Database 2006 land- cover categories for the brush-management subbasins used for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model brush-management simulations, south-central Texas ............................................................................................................................................19 5. Percent areal coverage of modified National Land Cover Database 2006 land- cover categories for the brush-management subbasins used for the upper Guadalupe River watershed model brush-management simulations, south-central Texas ............................................................................................................................................20 6. Effects of brush management on water yields simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995–2010 ...............................................................................................21 Conversion Factors, Datums, and Water-Quality Units Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 0.4047 hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Volume gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) gallon (gal) 3.0689 x 10-6 acre-foot cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter (m3) acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer (hm3) Flow rate acre-foot per year (acre-ft/yr) 1,233 cubic meter per year (m3/yr) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) gallon per day (gal/d) 0.003785 cubic meter per day (m3/d) v SI to Inch/Pound Multiply By To obtain Length millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.) meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C=(°F-32)/1.8 Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the Texas Centric Mapping System–Albers Equal Area Projection, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. Simulation of Streamflow and the Effects of Brush Management on Water Yields in the Upper Guadalupe River Watershed, South-Central Texas, 1995–2010 By Johnathan R. Bumgarner and Florence E. Thompson Abstract practice currently (2012) used in Texas (Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2009; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, 2011). Generally, brush-management The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the conservation practices
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