The Ben Book of Numbers

Many thanks for purchasing the BEN Book of Numbers 2012, the definitive guide to what's happening in the automotive sector.

Whether you are an industry executive, analyst, sales and marketing professional, researcher or student the BEN Book of Numbers provides you with a wide range of data for a comprehensive overview of the challenging automotive sector.

It would not have been possible to produce this publication without the support of financial services Consultancy and Systems provider, White Clarke Group, and the agreement of the providers of data who are acknowledged throughout the report.

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Ben Book of Numbers 2012 1

Contents

1 Global, European New Car Market 3

2 UK New Car Market 18

3 UK Used Car Market 35

4 European New LCV and HCV Markets 48

5 UK New LCV and HCV Markets 56

6 UK Fleet and Business Markets 63

7 UK Private New Car Market 68

8 European and UK Aftersales Markets 72

9 UK Car Finance Market 77

10 European and UK Retail Motor Industries 80

11 UK Motorcycle Market 89

This report is intended for information only. Neither BEN nor The University of Buckingham can accept any responsibility or liability for consequences arising from its interpretation or implementation.

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Global, European New Car Market

1.1 European motor industry; key figures 4

1.2 World car production; 2000 – 2011 6

1.3 World car production by region; 2007 – 2011 6

1.4 European car production; 2003 – 2011 7

1.5 European car production by country; 2007 – 2011 7

1.6 Origin of most EU Car imports (€Mn); 2007 – 2010 8

1.7 Origin of EU Car imports (Units); 2007 – 2010 8

1.8 Main destinations of EU car exports (€Mn); 2007 – 2010 9

1.9 Main destinations of EU car exports (Units); 2007 – 2010 9

1.10 European assembly and engine manufacturing plants; 2011 10

1.11 New car registrations major global markets; 2010 10

1.12 New car registrations global markets by region; 2010 11

1.13 European (EU27/EFTA) new car registrations; 2003 – 2011 11

1.14 European (EU27/EFTA) new car registrations by country; 2007 – 2011 12

1.15 European (EU27/ EFTA) new car registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011 13

1.16 Western European (EU15) new car diesel market share; 2000 – 2011 14

1.17 Western European (EU15) new car diesel by country; 2007 – 2011 14

1.18 Western European (EU15) new car registrations by segment; 2000 - 2011 15

1.19 Western Europe (EU15) cars in use (car parc); 2000 – 2008 15

1.20 Western Europe (EU15) cars in use (car parc) by country; 2004 – 2008 16

1.21 European car density per 1,000 population by country; 2009 16

1.22 European demand for cars <120gCO2/km; 2000 – 2010 17

1.23 European CO2 emissions share of new car market; 1995 – 2010 17

Global, European New Car Market

European and World New Car Market

Europe has a population of some 500 million and a car parc of around 236 million passenger cars, 199 million of them in Western European countries. It also has the world's highest car density of 466 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, compared with 454 in Japan and 444 in the United States.

Europe's motor industries employ 2.3 million people in vehicle manufacturing and a further 10.3 million in the component supply chain, distribution and sale and maintenance of vehicles.

Europe is the largest producer of motor vehicles in the world, with an output of some 17 million passenger cars, light and heavy commercial vehicles and buses per year. Its automobile industries have an annual turnover of €536 billion and are the leading export sector with a net trade balance of €57 billion per annum – see Figure 1.1.

1.1 European motor industry; key figures

Production Motor Vehicles (Worldwide) 2010 77.6 Mn units

Motor Vehicles (EU27) 2010 16.9 Mn units 22% of worldwide production

Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2010 58.3 Mn units

Passenger Cars (EU27) 2010 15.1 Mn units 26% of worldwide PC production

Production Value 2007 756 Bn euro

New Registrations MV (Worldwide) 2010 70.0 Mn units

MV (EU27) 2010 15.1 Mn units 22% of worldwide MV registrations

Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2010 56.1 Mn units

Passenger Cars (EU27) 2010 13.4 Mn units 24% of worldwide PC registrations

Diesel (Western Europe) 2010 52% Share

Employment Manf. Motor Vehicles (EU27) 2007 2.3 Mn people 7% of EU manufacturing industry

Total (incl. indirect, EU25) 2007 12.6 Mn people 6% of EU employed population

Turnover ACEA members 2008 536 Bn euro

R&D Investment ACEA members 2008 26 Bn euro 5% of turnover

Value Added EU27 2007 155.4 Bn euro 9% of manufacturing sector

Exports Extra-EU27 2010 83.3 Bn euro

Imports Extra-EU27 2010 26.2 Bn euro

Trade Balance 2010 57.1 Bn euro

Car Parc (EU27) Total Motor Vehicles 2009 270.8 Mn units

Passenger Cars 2009 236.1 Mn units

Motorisation rate (cars) 2009 466 per 1,000 inhabitants.

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA))

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 4 Global, European New Car Market

Car production

World passenger car production fell during the economic downturn from 58 million in 2008, to 47.8 million units the following year (Figure 1.2) – recovering to 58.2 million in 2010 and 59.9 million in 2011. Output was strongest in which saw its car production rise from 10.4 million units in 2009 to 14.5 million in 2011. Also, in Europe, overall, where car production rose by three million units in the two year period, from 15.3 million in 2009 to 18.3 million in 2011 (Figure 1.3).

While EU27 car production improved to 15.7 million in 2011 from 14 million units two years earlier, this is some way short of the all-time high output of 17.1 million cars reached in 2007.

New car registrations

Europe's (EU27) new car registrations, which reached a record 16 million units in 2007, dropped to 14.5 million in 2009 at the height of recession, even with the support of new car scrappage incentive schemes in 13 EU countries (Figure 1.13). EU new car volumes continued to slide in 2010 and 2011 to 13.8 million and 13.6 million units respectively – as many economies struggled to recover and the Eurozone crisis caused wide-spread uncertainty.

European new car sales remain fragile in 2012; down nearly half a million units (6.9%) to 6.49 million for January to June, compared with the same period the previous year. Indeed, sales of new cars in Europe have settled over two million units lower than the average for the five years prior to the 2008/2009 economic downturn.

European states configuration

EU15 Austria, , Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, , Italy, Luxembourg, the , Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the UK

EU25 EU15 plus the , Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, , Slovakia, Slovenia

EU27 EU25 plus Bulgaria, Romania

EFTA3 Iceland, Norway, Switzerland

Western Europe EU15 plus EFTA3

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 5 Global, European New Car Market

1.2 World car production; 2000 – 2011

59.9 60.0 58.2

53.2 53.0 49.9 50.0 46.8 47.8 44.6 41.2 41.4 42.0 39.8 40.0

30.0 Million cars

20.0

10.0

0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.3 World car production by region 2007 – 2011

1,000 units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Europe 19,331 18,381 15,247 17,271 18,272

of which EU27 17,104 15,955 13,989 15,289 15,702

of which EU15 14,216 12,849 11,038 12,139 12,451

of which EU new members 2,887 3,106 2,951 3,150 3,251

of which Russia 1,289 1,469 599 1,208 1,738

of which Turkey 635 622 511 603 640

America 9,326 9,203 6,954 8,228 8,768

NAFTA 6,475 6,190 3,961 5,084 5,614

of which USA 3,924 3,777 2,196 2,731 2,966

South America 2,851 3,013 2,993 3,144 3,154

of which Brazil 2,391 2,546 2,575 2,585 2,535

Asia-Oceania 24,213 25,059 25,290 32,409 32,525

of which Japan 9,945 9,928 6,862 8,310 7,158

of which South Korea 3,724 3,451 3,158 3,866 4,222

of which China 6,381 6,738 10,384 13,897 14,485

of which 1,714 1,846 2,175 2,832 3,054

Africa 333 382 282 357 364

of which South Africa 276 321 223 295 312

Total World 53,201 53,025 47,773 58,265 59,929

Source: International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 6 Global, European New Car Market

1.4 European (EU27) car production, 2000 – 2011

20.0

17.1 17.0 16.2 15.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.7 15.3

14.0 14.0

Million units 11.0

8.0

5.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.5 European car production by country, 2007 – 2011

1,000 units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

European Union (EU15) 14,216 12,849 11,038 12,139 12,451

Double count Italy/EU -15 - -4 - -

Double countGermany/Belgium -196 -133 -88 -52 -61

Double count Italy/Germany - -12 - -4 -7

Austria 200 126 57 86 130

Belgium 790 680 525 529 562

Finland 24 18 11 6 3

France 2,551 2,146 1,820 1,924 1,931

Germany 5,709 5,532 4,965 5,552 5,872

Italy 911 659 661 573 486

Netherlands 62 99 51 48 41

Portugal 134 132 102 115 142

Spain 2,196 1,943 1,813 1,914 1,819

Sweden 317 252 129 177 189

United Kingdom 1,535 1,447 999 1,270 1,344

East and 2,887 3,105 2,951 3,150 3,251

Czech Republic 925 934 976 1,070 1,192

Hungary 288 342 213 209 200

Poland 695 842 819 785 740

Romania 234 231 279 324 310

Slovakia 571 576 461 562 640

Slovenia 174 180 203 201 169

Europe (EU27) 17,104 15,955 13,989 15,289 15,702

Source: International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 7 Global, European New Car Market

1.6 Origin of most EU car imports (€Mn); 2007 - 2010

€Mn 2007 2008 2009 2010 Share 2010

World 33,772 30,053 21,965 22,006 100.0%

Japan 12,031 10,818 8,112 7,337 33.3%

United States 6,395 6,036 2,992 3,533 16.1%

Turkey 4,206 3,676 3,194 3,394 15.4%

South Korea 6,691 3,945 2,610 2,446 11.1%

Mexico 1,992 2,405 1,499 1,644 7.5%

India 335 585 1,537 1,265 5.7%

South Africa 70 300 469 845 3.8%

China 505 562 360 481 2.2%

Brazil 567 808 539 390 1.8%

Thailand 139 176 110 135 0.6%

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.7 Origin of most EU car imports (Units); 2007 - 2010

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 Share 2010

World 3,436,549 3,003,472 2,285,770 2,221,532 100.0%

Japan 965,959 867,493 667,325 575,057 25.9%

United States 460,220 371,958 163,418 197,149 8.9%

Turkey 385,727 411,563 314,544 330,226 14.9%

South Korea 651,333 446,552 351,264 294,108 13.2%

Mexico 152,007 183,650 116,324 124,124 5.6%

India 119,630 99,540 265,891 220,404 9.9%

South AfricA 3,913 20,520 31,395 65,250 2.9%

China 391,676 303,265 177,101 214,974 9.7%

Brazil 63,798 53,084 47,216 37,042 1.7%

Thailand 122,466 136,677 73,893 93,372 4.2%

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

 As new car sales tumbled across Europe, car imports from across the world fell steeply in 2009 – by 24% and 717,000 units to 2.29 million, representing a 27% drop in value to €21.97 billion.

 Imports remained relatively flat in 2010 as European new car sales continued to fall, with no signs of a meaningful recovery in sight.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 8 Global, European New Car Market

1.8 Main destinations of EU car exports (€Mn); 2007 - 2010

€Mn 2007 2008 2009 2010 Share 2010

World 71,025 69,562 48,240 76,460 100.0%

United States 24,754 20,546 12,812 19,156 25.1%

China 3,345 4,610 5,477 12,181 15.9%

Switzerland 4,324 4,363 3,943 5,277 6.9%

Turkey 2,835 2,808 2,067 4,260 5.6%

Russia 6,659 8,786 2,577 4,098 5.4%

Japan 4,121 3,254 2,716 3,843 5.0%

Australia 2,101 2,187 1,614 2,767 3.6%

Norway 2,703 2,192 1,867 2,733 3.6%

Canada 2,094 2,085 1,818 2,442 3.2%

South Korea 975 912 806 1,681 2.2%

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.9 Main destinations of EU car exports (Units); 2007 - 2010

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 Share 2010

World 5,069,862 4,854,621 3,461,619 4,266,198 100.0%

United States 988,449 875,953 548,853 710,301 16.6%

China 100,480 136,567 173,042 345,573 8.1%

Turkey 225,785 223,463 170,647 340,026 8.0%

Russia 533,780 675,312 178,999 291,576 6.8%

Switzerland 244,539 234,076 204,801 260,180 6.1%

Belarus 100,963 119,212 111,737 151,708 3.6%

Japan 213,709 161,750 115,005 150,687 3.5%

Norway 153,320 124,422 112,173 149,305 3.5%

Australia 111,435 110,082 84,754 125,961 3.0%

Canada 90,609 103,466 87,839 103,616 2.4%

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

 2009 proved a difficult year for EU car exports which fell by 29% and 1.39 million units to 3.46 million – recovering by 23% to 4.27 million the following year, pushing the value of exports up from €48.2 billion in 2009 to €76.5 billion in 2010.

 Exports to China doubled in 2010 to 345,000 units, while car sales to the USA rose by 30% to 710,000 – a combined export value of €31.3 billion.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 9 Global, European New Car Market

1.10 European assembly and engine manufacturing plants, 2011

EU27 Extra EU

Countries Plants Countries Plants Countries Plants

Austria 6 Italy 20 Bosnia 1

Belgium 9 Netherlands 9 Belarus 3

Bulgaria 1 Poland 16 Kazakhstan 1

Czech Republ. 9 Portugal 5 Serbia 1

Germany 47 Romania 4 Russia 25

Spain 15 Sweden 15 Turkey 17

Finland 2 Slovenia 1 Ukraine 5

France 38 Slovakia 3 Uzbekistan 1

Hungary 6 31

Countries Plants Countries Plants

Total 18 236 8 55

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.11 New car registrations major global markets; 2010

14 13.79

12 11.55 11.27

10

8

6 Million units

4.21 4 3.33 2.92 2.39 2.25 2.03 1.96 2 1.91 0.98

0 EU27 USA China Japan Brazil Germany India France UK Italy Russia Spain

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

 World new car registrations rose 10.7% to 56 million in 2010, due in no small measure to a steep rise of 2.88 million (25.6%) in China's new car volumes to 11.27 million – see Figure 1.12.

 Russia (23.3%) and India (23.9%) also showed strong growth in 2010 – while the USA's new car volumes climbed 10% and 1.55 million units to 11.55 million.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 10 Global, European New Car Market

1.12 New car registrations global markets by region; 2010

2010 % share 2009 % share

Europe 16,458,355 29.4 16,592,720 33.1

EU27 13,360,599 23.8 14,132,346 28.2

EFTA 425,099 0.8 366,713 0.7

Russia 1,910,573 3.4 1,465,742 2.9

Turkey 509,784 0.9 369,819 0.7

Europe-others 252,300 0.5 258,100 0.5

America 17,926,495 32.0 16,091,747 32.1

NAFTA 13,927,945 24.8 12,612,934 25.2

of which USA 11,554,576 20.6 10,401,682 20.8

Sout America 3,998,550 7.1 3,478,813 6.9

of which Brazil 3,328,946 5.9 3,008,742 6.0

ASIA 20,743,867 37.0 16,586,867 33.1

Japan 4,212,267 7.5 3,923,741 7.8

South Korea 1,308,326 2.3 1,235,736 2.5

China 11,265,712 20.1 8,380,870 16.7

India 2,386,828 4.3 1,816,878 3.6

Asia-others 2 1,570,734 2.8 1,229,642 2.5

OTHERS 933,246 1.7 819,635 1.6

Total World 56,061,963 100.0 50,090,969 100.0

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.13 European (EU27/EFTA) new car registrations, 2003 – 2011

18

16.0 15.8 15.3 15.3 15.1 14.7 15 14.5 13.8 13.6

12 Million units

9

6 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 11 Global, European New Car Market

1.14 European (EU27/EFTA) new car registrations by country, 2007 – 2011

Country 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Austria 298,182 293,697 319,403 328,563 356,145

Belgium 524,795 535,947 476,194 547,340 572,211

Denmark 159,347 150,145 112,201 153,587 169,744

Finland 125,285 139,611 88,344 107,346 121,171

France 2,064,543 2,050,282 2,302,398 2,251,669 2,204,229

Germany 3,148,163 3,090,040 3,807,175 2,916,259 3,173,634

Greece 279,745 267,295 219,730 141,501 97,680

Ireland 186,325 151,607 57,453 88,446 89,904

Italy 2,493,106 2,161,682 2,159,463 1,961,579 1,749,074

Luxembourg 51,332 52,359 47,265 49,726 49,881

Netherlands 505,538 499,918 387,152 482,567 555,798

Portugal 201,816 213,389 161,013 223,464 153,404

Spain 1,614,835 1,161,176 952,772 982,015 808,051

Sweden 306,799 253,982 213,408 289,684 304,984

United Kingdom 2,404,007 2,131,795 1,994,999 2,030,846 1,941,253

EU (15) 14,363,818 13,152,925 13,298,970 12,554,592 12,347,163

Iceland 15,942 9,033 2,113 3,106 5,038

Norway 129,195 110,617 98,675 127,754 138,345

Switzerland 284,688 288,557 266,049 292,453 316,846

EFTA (3) 429,825 408,207 366,837 423,313 460,229

EU(15) + EFTA(3) 14,793,643 13,561,132 13,665,807 12,977,905 12,807,392

Bulgaria 41,042 43,758 24,972 15,646 18,631

Czech Republic 174,456 182,554 167,708 169,580 173,595

Estonia 30,912 24,579 9,946 10,295 17,070

Hungary 171,661 153,278 60,189 43,476 45,094

Latvia 32,771 19,831 5,367 6,365 10,980

Lithuania 21,606 22,217 7,515 7,970 13,234

Poland 293,305 320,040 320,206 333,490 297,937

Romania 315,621 270,995 130,195 106,328 94,619

Slovakia 59,700 70,040 74,717 64,033 68,254

Slovenia 68,719 71,575 57,967 61,142 60,193

New EU Members 1,209,793 1,178,867 858,782 818,325 799,607

Total EU27 15,573,611 14,331,792 14,157,752 13,372,917 13,146,770

Total EU27+EFTA 16,003,436 14,739,999 14,524,589 13,796,230 13,606,999

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) Enlarged Europe from 2003

 Of the EU's major markets, only Germany saw its new car sales grow in 2011, up by 8.8% to 3.17 million units, retaining top spot in the European new car sales league (Figure 1.14). France's new car volumes fell 2.1% last year, as did Italy (-10.9%), Spain (-17.7%) and the UK (-4.4%).

 Countries with stronger new car markets in 2011 were Austria (8.4%) and the Nordic states of Denmark (9.7%), Sweden (5.3%) and Norway (8.3%).

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 12 Global, European New Car Market

1.15 European (EU27/EFTA) new car registrations by marque, 2007 – 2011

Marque Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

BMW BMW 705,659 4.4 677,489 4.6 572,261 3.9 609,844 4.4 642,006 4.7

MINI 144,919 0.9 143,991 1.0 135,893 0.9 141,377 1.0 168,482 1.2

Others 226 0.0 265 0.0 184 0.0 490 0.0 464 0.0

Total 850,804 5.3 821,745 5.6 708,338 4.9 751,711 5.4 810,952 6.0

Daimler Mercedes 729,557 4.6 686,206 4.7 588,726 4.1 591,730 4.3 593,786 4.4

Smart 94,663 0.6 103,886 0.7 95,410 0.7 83,204 0.6 78,818 0.6

Total 824,220 5.2 790,092 5.4 684,137 4.7 674,934 4.9 672,604 4.9

Fiat 144,619 0.9 102,344 0.7 110,510 0.8 110,037 0.8 130,454 1.0

Chrysler J ------30,937 -

Fiat 978,450 6.1 959,599 6.5 1,017,907 7.0 827,832 6.0 683,977 5.0

Iveco 1,005 0.0 1,052 0.0 827 0.0 1,010 0.0

Lancia 121,676 0.8 113,671 0.8 120,821 0.8 99,037 0.7 98,586 0.7

Others 5,769 0.0 6,333 0.0 5,007 0.0 4,773 0.0 4,398 0.0

Total 1,251,519 7.8 1,182,999 8.0 1,255,072 8.6 1,042,689 7.6 949,054 7.0

Ford Ford 1,302,703 8.1 1,232,952 8.4 1,297,422 8.9 1,125,551 8.2 1,090,409 8.0

Jaguar 33,140 0.2 ------

Land 103,676 0.6 ------

Volvo 265,966 1.7 223,641 1.5 205,857 1.4 - - - -

Others 4,013 0.0 41 0.0 30 0.0 19 0.0 10 0.0

Total 1,709,498 10.7 1,456,634 9.9 1,503,309 10.4 1,125,570 8.2 1,090,419 8.0

GM Chevrolet 218,995 1.4 187,352 1.3 190,249 1.3 178,911 1.3 175,718 1.3

Opel 1,343,885 8.4 1,155,406 7.8 1,064,429 7.3 1,007,238 7.3 990,086 7.3

Saab 83,660 0.5 64,301 0.4 24,679 0.2 - - - -

Others 4,557 0.0 5,825 0.0 2,540 0.0 1,782 0.0 944 0.0

Total 1,651,097 10.3 1,412,884 9.6 1,281,897 8.8 1,187,931 8.6 1,166,748 8.6

Jaguar - - 36,822 0.2 27,500 0.2 27,359 0.2 22,676 0.2

Land Rover - - 72,976 0.5 57,489 0.4 69,247 0.5 72,856 0.5

Total - - 109,798 0.7 84,989 0.6 96,606 0.7 95,532 0.7

Japan 311,743 1.9 265,251 1.8 244,330 1.7 187,399 1.4 150,267 1.1

Mazda 239,740 1.5 244,330 1.7 210,711 1.5 182,207 1.3 137,035 1.0

Mitsubishi 138,061 0.9 117,404 0.8 97,268 0.7 105,564 0.8 113,479 0.8

Nissan 311,794 1.9 337,285 2.3 368,350 2.5 403,249 2.9 459,169 3.4

Suzuki 286,708 1.8 249,518 1.7 249,808 1.7 195,614 1.4 179,094 1.3

Toyota 945,492 5.9 783,803 5.3 856,018 5.9 607,676 4.4 559,480 4.1

Others 103,255 0.6 108,715 0.7 82,088 0.6 68,258 0.4 52,812 0.4

Total 2,336,793 14.6 2,106,306 14.3 2,108,573 14.5 1,749,967 12.7 1,651,336 12.1

Korea Hyundai 306,696 1.9 271,429 1.8 346,031 2.4 352,606 2.6 394,718 2.9

Kia 253,422 1.6 234,510 1.6 256,931 1.8 258,226 1.9 287,476 2.1

Others 27,528 0.2 10,480 0.1 6,411 0.0 6,757 0.0 7,201 0.1

Total 588,063 3.7 516,419 3.5 609,373 4.2 617,589 4.5 689,395 5.1

PSA Citroen 943,300 5.9 856,870 5.8 876,676 6.0 838,123 6.1 771,048 5.7

Peugeot 1,106,652 6.9 1,006,887 6.8 1,009,153 6.9 1,006,181 7.3 911,820 6.7

Total 2,049,952 12.8 1,863,757 12.6 1,885,829 13.0 1,844,304 13.4 1,682,868 12.4

Renault Dacia 173,462 1.1 182,669 1.2 238,797 1.6 264,141 1.9 252,265 1.9

Renault 1,209,663 7.6 1,103,277 7.5 1,109,489 7.6 1,147,852 8.3 1,045,730 7.7

Total 1,383,125 8.6 1,285,946 8.7 1,348,286 9.3 1,411,993 10.2 1,297,995 9.5

VAG 661,676 4.1 664,167 4.5 612,819 4.2 623,501 4.5 680,287 5.0

Seat 386,565 2.4 336,274 2.3 316,853 2.2 302,081 2.2 305,430 2.2

Skoda 482,355 3.0 462,485 3.1 483,734 3.3 466,424 3.4 494,058 3.6

Volkswagen 1,632,353 10.2 1,573,811 10.7 1,532,098 10.5 1,544,528 11.2 1,683,712 12.4

Others 4,541 0.0 3,558 0.0 2,004 0.0 1,988 0.0 2,121 0.0

Total 3,167,490 19.8 3,040,295 20.6 2,947,508 20.3 2,938,522 21.3 3,165,608 23.3

Volvo Volvo ------231,042 1.7 255,452 1.9

Other Chrysler Jp 120,440 0.3 93,132 0.2 50,636 0.1 36,509 0.1 - -

Porsche - - - - 33,268 0.2 37,568 0.3 41,934 0.3

Other 70,853 0.4 24,308 0.1 23,271 0.1 49,273 0.4 37,095 0.3

Total 16,003,437 14,739,999 14,524,594 13,796,208 13,606,999 Total

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) Enlarged Europe from 2003

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 13 Global, European New Car Market

1.16 Western European (EU15) new car diesel market share, 2000 – 2011

% 54.8 55 53.3 52.7 51.8 50.8 49.3 50 48.3 45.9

45 43.7

40.3 40

Diesel market share 36.0 35 32.1

30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan- Mar 2011

1.17 Western European (EU15) new car diesel market share by country, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-Mar 2011

Austria 59.0 54.6 45.7 50.7 54.6

Belgium 77.0 79.0 75.3 75.9 75.9

Denmark 38.4 45.9 44.1 45.7 41.5

Finland 28.4 49.6 46.2 41.5 43.2

France 73.9 77.3 70.4 70.8 69.2

Germany 47.8 44.1 30.7 41.9 45.6

Greece 2.9 3.6 3.3 4.0 6.7

Ireland 27.1 33.5 52.2 62.2 70.2

Italy 55.8 50.7 41.9 45.9 55.2

Lexembourg 77.2 77.0 73.0 75.2 74.5

Netherlands 28.3 25.1 20.1 20.0 26.2

Portugal 69.3 68.4 66.6 67.1 69.4

Spain 70.9 69.3 70.1 70.6 71.5

Sweden 34.7 36.2 41.0 50.9 60.4

United Kingdom 40.1 43.6 41.7 46.1 48.5

EU15 53.6 52.9 46.1 52.0 55.0

Iceland 30.0 33.2 31.1 21.7 38.3

Norway 74.4 72.4 72.7 74.9 72.8

Switzerland 32.1 32.3 29.3 30.2 33.5

EFTA 44.7 43.2 41.0 43.6 46.0

EU15 + EFTA 53.3 52.7 45.9 51.8 54.8

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 14 Global, European New Car Market

1.18 Western European (EU15) new car registrations by segment, 2000 – 2011

50 45.0 43.2 43.2

38.8 40 37.1 35.2 34.2 33.8 33.90 34.2 34.9 34.9

33.9 32.7 32.8 32.9 32.9 30 32.7 32.4 32.4 31.7 28.3 29.5 29.3

20 16.6 15.7 16.3 17.0 16.1 15.9 14.8 15.1 13.7 13.1 13.1 12.4 Percentage of market of Percentage 14.0 10 12.7 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.3 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.1 11.5 11.5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan- Mar 2011

Small Lower medium Upper medium Executive

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.19 Western Europe (EU15) new cars in use (car parc); 2000 - 2008

205

200 199.0 198.4 195.8 196.3 195 192.3 189.7 190 187.2 184.3 185 180.2 Millions of units 180

175

170 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 15 Global, European New Car Market

1.20 Western Europe (EU15) new car in use (car parc) by country; 2004 – 2008

Millions 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Austria 4.12 4.16 4.20 4.25 4.28

Belgium 4.82 4.86 4.93 5.01 5.09

Denmark 1.91 1.96 2.01 2.06 2.11

Finland 2.33 2.41 2.49 2.57 2.68

France 29.90 30.10 30.40 30.70 30.85

Germany 45.38 46.09 46.57 41.18 41.32

Great Britain 29.38 29.75 29.88 30.18 30.31

Greece 3.96 4.20 2.45 4.81 5.10

Ireland 1.58 1.66 1.78 1.88 1.92

Italy 33.97 34.67 35.30 35.68 36.11

Netherlands 7.15 7.30 7.41 7.60 7.76

Portugal 4.10 4.20 4.29 4.38 4.41

Spain 19.54 20.25 21.05 21.76 22.15

Sweden 4.11 4.15 4.20 4.26 4.28

EU15 192.25 195.77 198.97 196.30 198.36

Source: International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)

1.21 European car density per 1,000 population by country; 2009

700 1 66

7 59 600 566

07 04 508 5 5 488 8 500 47 70 70 4 471 4 4 66 4 46 461 2 44 18 3 4 7 41 40 05 99 4 3 1 400 7 0 3 6 1 3 35

07 3 3 29 300

Units per 100 population 100 per Units 7 24 230

200 167

100

g ly ia m in d ia al g ia a a ny UK vg. en nd ep via xbr It a nce en lla lan on ug R t akia ani m ustria a giu A Spa e reece v gar Fr Finland el we d Ir La lo ul m Lu er A B S Ho Est G Polandem Av B G U15 Avg. Slov Lithuania Port zech Denmark M HungaryS Ro E EU 27 C

EU New EU15 Country New EU States Average

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

 Of the EU's major markets, Germany has the high car density at 566 cars per 1,000 people, followed by France and the UK at 504 and 471 respectively.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 16 Global, European New Car Market

1.22 European demand for <120gCO2/km new cars; 2000 – 2010

4,500

4,000 3,865

3,500 3,234

3,000

2,500 2,040 2,000

Thousand units 1,419 1,500 1,009 959 1,000 840 909 584 500 307 159 20 88 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

1.23 European CO2 emissions share of new car market; 1995 – 2010

gCO2/km 1995 1998 2001 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

161 plus 80% 65% 42% 36% 39% 37% 31% 23% 19%

160-141 17% 28% 35% 34% 30% 30% 27% 25% 21%

140-121 3% 7% 20% 21% 22% 24% 26% 27% 30%

120 and less 0% 0% 3% 8% 9% 11% 16% 25% 29%

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 17

UK New Car Market

2.1 UK profile; 2006 – 2010 20

2.2 UK motor vehicle exports; 2007 – 2011 22

2.3 UK car production; 2000 – 2011 22

2.4 UK car production home/export; 2000 – 2011 23

2.5 UK car production by marque; 2007 – 2011 23

2.6 UK engine production by manufacturer; 2007 – 2011 24

2.7 UK car manufacturing sites; 2011 24

2.8 UK new car registrations; 2000 – 2011 25

2.9 UK new car registrations by sales type; 2000 – 2011 25

2.10 UK new car registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011 26

2.11 UK new car registrations top-10 marques; 2007 – 2011 27

2.12 UK top-10 new car models; 2007 – 2011 27

2.13 UK top-10 new car diesel models; 2007 – 2011 28

2.14 UK new car market by segments; 2007 – 2011 28

2.15 UK top-5 new car registrations by segment; 2007 – 2011 29

2.16 UK new car registrations by region; 2011 29

2.17 UK cars in use/average age; 2002 - 2011 30

2.18 UK car in use by region; 2011 30

2.19 UK age of cars on roads; 2011 30

2.20 UK average new car CO2 emissions; 1997 – 2011 31

2.21 UK top-10 lowest CO2 emission models; 2011 31

2.22 Annual VED on new cars; 2012 – 2013 32

2.23 UK new car market by VED band; 2000; 2010 – 2011 32

2.24 Company car tax tables; tax years 2012/13 to 2014/15 33

2.25 UK average fuel pump price and fuel tax percentage; 2002 – 2011 34

UK New Car Market

UK New Car Market

The UK motor industry typically generates around £50 billion turnover annually, contributing around £10 billion in net added value each year. It is the UK's largest sector in terms of exports, generating close to £30 billion export revenue – exporting to over 100 world markets accounting for about 11% of UK exports.

2.1 UK automotive industry profile; 2006 – 2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Automotive manufacturing sector 49.3 53.2 53.2 41 49 turnover (£bn)

Share of total transport manufacturing 66.7 67 72.1 64 65.8 turnover (%)

Total net capital investment (£bn) 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.4

Automotive sector value added (£bn) 9.9 10.3 10.8 6.6 10

Total employees directly dependent on 851,000 840,000 807,000 736,000 737,000 the UK automotive sector

Value of exports (£bn) 24.1 26.1 28 23.8 29

Percentage of total UK exports (%) 9.9 11.8 11.8 10.5 10.9

All automotive sectors - value added 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.6 share of GVA (%)

UK share of global passenger car 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.8 production (%)

Number of UK volume car manufacturers 7 7 7 7 7

Number of UK volume commercial vehicle 9 9 9 9 8 manufacturers

Source: SMMT

The UK motor industry employs some 737,000 people across manufacturing, retail and aftermarket sectors – approximately 145,000 employed directly in vehicle manufacturing. It is estimated that every job in UK vehicle assembly supports 7.5 elsewhere in the economy.

 The UK is home to seven volume car and eight volume commercial vehicle manufacturers

 There are around 2,350 component manufacturers in the UK automotive supply chain which employ around 80,000 people. Currently, 80% of components for vehicle assembly can be procured from UK suppliers

 More than £5.5 billion has been invested in UK automotive in the past 18 months.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 20 UK New Car Market

Car production

UK car production fell to 999,000 units in 2009 as new car demand fell steeply in the UK and key export markets (Figure 2.3). Output recovered strongly in 2010, rising 27.1% to 1.27 million, and made further progress in 2011 reaching 1.34 million units – some 300,000 units fewer than the number of cars made in the early 2000s.

Car production continues to rise in 2012, up 15.1% to 876,000 units for the first seven months of the year. The SMMT expects output to reach pre-recession levels by 2014. This will probably rely heavily on exports to the BRIC countries and the USA, as new car volumes across Europe continue to fall, and are not expected to recover to pre-recession volumes for several years.

New car registrations

The double-dip recession and the ongoing uncertain financial outlook has seen UK new car registrations settle around half a million units lower than the average for the five years leading up to the economic downturn

Despite the boost from 285,000 scrappage deals, new car registrations fell steeply to 1.99 million units in 2009, and have failed to improve since (Figure 2.8). 2011 saw new car volumes fall by 4.4% to 1.94 million compared with 2010's figure of 2.03 million units.

New car volumes remain fragile in 2012 – edging up 3.5% on 2011's low base to 1.2 million for the first seven months of 2012. The 12-month rolling figure of 1.98 million units is a long way short of the 2.4 million pre-recession new car market of 2007.

The SMMT predicts the UK's new car market will rise 1.6% to 1.97 million in 2012 – and by a further 1.0% to 1.99 million units in 2013. However, much will depend on reaching the 330,000 units the SMMT hopes for this September, traditionally the second highest month in the year for new car sales.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 21 CASE STUDY whiteclarkeauto.com

Vehicle manufacturer

We were tasked by our client to help increase their vehicle registrations. White Clarke Automotive Solutions offers a suite of services, utilising industry-leading systems and offices in Milton Keynes. A successful implementation of our dealer based rental and active fleet formats allowed our client’s dealer network to utilise its fleet more effectively to support various vehicle requirements, e.g. demonstrators, courtesy cars, rental vehicles.

The development of the network is driven by the desire to ensure same replacement vehicles are supplied to customers during distress circumstances, e.g. vehicle breakdown. The onward development of the network allows year on year growth of registrations, provides an additional revenue stream for dealers and manufacturers with a new route to market.

Our Sales Director Pamela Halliday is waiting to tell you how we can drive your business forward. Call her on 07740 935808 or email [email protected]

Driving Forward Together UK New Car Market

2.2 UK motor vehicle exports; 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

All UK exports (millions) 1.317 1.254 0.829 1.047 1.194

EU26 65.3% 60.3% 71.3% 64.5% 60.9%

Russia 8.6% 13.8% 3.8% 5.0% 8.1%

US 8.5% 8.5% 9.5% 9.1% 7.5%

China 1.0% 1.4% 2.3% 4.2% 5.1%

Japan 4.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.5% 1.2%

Other 12.4% 14.6% 11.6% 15.1% 17.2%

Source: SMMT

2.3 UK car production; 2000 – 2011

1,750 1,658 1,641 1,630 1,646 1,596 1,535 1,492 1,500 1,442 1,447

1,344 1,270 1,250

999 1,000 Thousand units Thousand

750

500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: SMMT

 UK car production peaked at 1.92 million units in 1972, and 2003 saw the highest car output in the past decade with output totalling 1.65 million units.

 Car production fell 31% to 25-year low of 999,460 units in 2009, as recession hit new car demand in the UK and export territories.

 Car production for the UK market, which hit 40% and nearly 600,000 units in 2001, fell to just 219,000 and 16.3% of output ten years later.

 The industry is now heavily reliant on manufacturing cars for sale overseas which now account for more than four out of five vehicles made in British car plants (Figure 2.4).

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 22 UK New Car Market

2.4 UK car production home/export; 2000 – 2011

Production % Change Home % total Export % total

2000 1,641,452 -8.8 578,462 35.2 1,062,990 64.8

2001 1,492,365 10.0 598,151 40.1 894,214 59.9

2002 1,629,744 9.2 582,460 35.7 1,047,284 64.3

2003 1,657,558 1.7 513,799 31.0 1,143,759 69.0

2004 1,646,246 -0.7 466,160 28.3 1,180,086 71.7

2005 1,595,697 -3.1 411,194 25.8 1,184,503 74.2

2006 1,442,085 -9.6 335,992 23.3 1,106,093 76.7

2007 1,534,567 6.4 349,108 22.7 1,185,459 77.3

2008 1,446,619 -5.7 318,033 22.0 1,128,586 78.0

2009 999,460 -30.9 237,226 23.7 762,234 76.3

2010 1,270,444 27.1 309,024 24.3 961,420 75.7

2011 1,343,810 5.8 219,134 16.3 1,124,676 83.7

Source: SMMT

2.5 UK car production by marque; 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Aston Martin 7,393 6,487 2,649 2,703 3,584

Bentley 9973 7675 3,596 4,791 7,528

BMW 237,709 234,461 213,670 216,302 191,474

Caterham 433 437 348 487 468

Honda 237,772 230,423 75,583 139,278 97,459

Jaguar/Daimler 54,030 72,876 41,765 56,356 49,932

Land Rover 232,548 184,831 114,553 179,165 238,237

Lotus 2,630 2,106 1,618 2,613 1,458

LTI 3,129 2,095 1,739 1,826 1,375

Mercedes McLaren 283 382 101 - -

MGMotors - - 88 - 1315

Morgan 627 625 665 727 693

NAC MG - 468 - - -

Nissan 353,718 386,555 338,139 423,262 480,485

Rolls-Royce 1009 1388 870 3215 3685

Toyota 277,825 213,329 127,405 137,054 128,146

Vauxhall/ 115,476 102,481 76,671 102,665 137,971

Others 12 - - - -

Total 1,534,567 1,446,619 999,460 1,270,444 1,343,810

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 23 UK New Car Market

2.6 UK engine production by manufacturer; 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Bentley 10,014 7,675 3,596 4,791 7,528 BMW 367,000 371,269 362,300 385,051 433,689 Ford (Bridgend) 758,581 704,181 683,340 680,717 714,709 Ford() 900,776 1,047,570 746,426 959,480 987,078 Honda 248,000 203,647 60,125 136,658 97,368 Nissan 119,000 112,829 108,955 105,766 135,958 Toyota 345,000 297,398 88,714 114,254 127,724 Total 3,167,371 3,164,569 2,053,456 2,386,717 2,504,054

Source: SMMT

2.7 UK vehicle manufacturing sites; 2011

Manufacturer Location Sector

Alexander Dennis Falkirk and Guildford Bus Gaydon Car Bentley Crewe Car, engine BMW Hams Hall Engine Caterham Dartford Car Cummins Darlington Engine Warwick CV Euromotive Hythe Ford Bridgend, Dagenham and Southampton CV, engine and minibus Honda Swindon Car, engine Jaguar Castle Bromwich Car John Dennis Guildford CV and minibus Land Rover and Solihull Car and CV Leyland Leyland CV Lotus Car LTI Coventry CV Bolton Minibus McLaren Automotive Woking Car MG Motors Longbridge Car Michelin Ballymena, Dundee and Stoke-on-Trent Tyre Oxford and Swindon Car Minibus Options Whaley Bridge Bus and coach Morgan Malvern Car Nissan Sunderland Car, engine Bus Scarborough Bus and coach Rolls-Royce Goodwood Car Smith (Tanfield) Tyne and Wear CV Toyota Burnaston and Deeside Car, engine Vauxhall Opel Ellesmere Port and Luton Car, CV and minibus Warnerbus Minibus

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 24 UK New Car Market

2.8 UK new car registrations; 2000 – 2011

2.6 2.56 2.58 2.57

2.46 2.44 2.40 2.4 2.34

2.22 2.2 2.13

2.03 1.99 2.0 0.11 1.94

0.28 1.8

Millions of cars Millions 1.6

1.4 1.71 1.92

1.2

1.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

New car sales Scrappage deals

2.9 UK new car registrations by sales type; 2000 – 2011

Total Private 25-plus fleets Business % 000’s Market Volume % share Volume % share Volume share

2000 2,221 994 44.7 1,017 45.8 210 9.5

2001 2,458 1,213 49.3 1,031 41.9 214 8.7

2002 2,563 1,236 48.2 1,090 42.5 236 9.2

2003 2,579 1,254 48.7 1,068 41.4 255 9.9

2004 2,567 1,200 46.7 1,093 42.6 273 10.7

2005 2,439 1,076 44.1 1,184 48.6 178 7.3

2006 2,344 1,033 44.1 1,156 49.3 154 6.6

2007 2,404 1,046 43.5 1,195 49.7 163 6.8

2008 2,132 892 41.9 1,110 52.1 130 6.1

2009 1,995 1,014 50.8 882 44.2 98 4.9

2010 2,031 958 47.2 973 47.9 100 4.9

2011 1,941 823 42.4 1,019 52.5 99 5.1

Source: SMMT

 Private sector new car sales dropped 14.1% and 134,911units to 823,094 in 2011. New car sales to the 25-plus fleet sector broke through the one million mark once more last year, rising 4.7% to 1.02 million units, pushing this sector's new car market share up to an all-time high of 52.5%.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 25 UK New Car Market

2.10 UK new car registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

Alfa Romeo 7,355 0.31 5,950 0.28 9,067 0.45 8,834 0.43 11,563 0.60

Aston Martin 2,190 0.09 1,565 0.07 1,183 0.06 1,080 0.05 1,024 0.05

Audi 100,864 4.20 100,845 4.73 91,172 4.57 99,828 4.92 113,797 5.86

Bentley 2,100 0.09 1,542 0.07 761 0.04 993 0.05 1,037 0.05

BMW 121,575 5.06 113,132 5.31 98,683 4.95 109,418 5.39 116,642 6.01

Chevrolet 18,356 0.76 18,372 0.86 18,660 0.94 13,678 0.67 12,524 0.65

Chrysler/Jeep 18552 0.78 13,620 0.63 7,866 0.39 4,259 0.21 3,328 0.17

Citroen 97,750 4.07 81,237 3.81 72,450 3.63 73,317 3.61 68,464 3.53

Daihatsu 5,035 0.21 4,841 0.23 2,306 0.12 - - -

Fiat 59,409 2.47 55,325 2.60 60,337 3.02 53,092 2.61 41,612 2.14

Ford 348,982 14.52 322,514 15.13 316,369 15.86 280,364 13.81 265,894 13.70

Honda 106,018 4.41 83,805 3.93 74,819 3.75 63,652 3.13 50,577 2.61

Hyundai 29,765 1.24 28,036 1.32 56,726 2.84 61,752 3.04 62,900 3.24

Jaguar/Daimler 18,749 0.78 20,379 0.95 18,252 0.10 16,417 0.81 13,787 0.71

Kia 29,372 1.22 31,324 1.47 50,637 2.54 56,114 2.76 53,615 2.76

Land Rover 46,552 1.94 32,567 1.53 29,185 1.46 37,272 1.84 37,637 1.94

Lexus 15,119 0.63 10,122 0.47 7,266 0.36 6,202 0.31 8,269 0.43

Lotus 712 0.03 647 0.03 485 0.02 577 0.03 329 0.02

Mazda 50,947 2.12 49,858 2.34 47,934 2.40 45,449 2.24 31,219 1.61

Mercedes-Benz 82,321 3.42 74,883 3.51 72,281 3.62 74,977 3.69 81,873 4.22

MG 128 0.01 133 0.01 374 0.02 282 0.01 360 0.02

MINI 47,661 1.98 40,736 1.91 39,866 2.00 43,894 2.16 50,138 2.58

Mitsubishi 19,047 0.79 15,552 0.73 11,074 0.56 12,209 0.60 9,843 0.51

Nissan 66,426 2.76 66,336 3.11 77,924 3.91 89,913 4.43 96,651 4.98

Perodua 767 0.03 624 0.03 650 0.03 761 0.04 543 0.03

Peugeot 146,094 6.08 118,701 5.57 102,574 5.14 109,324 5.38 94,989 4.89

Porsche 8,533 0.35 5,918 0.28 5,280 0.26 6,784 0.33 6,382 0.33

Proton 2,468 0.10 1,518 0.07 960 0.05 767 0.04 446 0.02

Renault 126,816 5.28 89,570 4.20 63,174 3.17 95,608 4.71 68,449 3.53

Saab 23,642 0.98 16,074 0.75 7,486 0.38 5,898 0.29 4,138 0.21

Seat 34,790 1.45 29,397 1.38 29,987 1.50 32,935 1.62 36,089 1.86

Skoda 39,907 1.66 37,100 1.74 37,253 1.87 41,240 2.03 45,061 2.32

5,252 0.22 7,526 0.35 8,363 0.42 7,651 0.38 5,044 0.26

Ssangyong 1,323 0.06 629 0.03 787 0.04 242 0.01 194 0.01

Subaru 6,051 0.25 4,668 0.22 3,730 0.19 3,897 0.19 2,634 0.14

Suzuki 32,861 1.37 26,095 1.22 28,539 1.43 21,484 1.06 20,295 1.05

Toyota 118,493 4.93 105,717 4.96 102,612 5.14 87,396 4.30 73,589 3.79

Vauxhall 331,321 13.78 298,912 14.02 237,840 11.92 247,265 12.18 234,710 12.09

Volkswagen 197,020 8.20 179,189 8.41 161,137 8.08 174,655 8.60 179,290 9.24

Volvo 30,058 1.25 33,358 1.56 34,857 1.75 37,435 1.84 32,657 1.68

Other British 916 0.4 1,001 0.05 1,095 0.05 1,050 0.05 1,115 0.06

Other Imports 2710 0.11 2,477 0.12 2,998 0.15 2,881 0.14 2,545 0.13

Total 2,404,007 2,131,795 1,994,999 2,030,846 1,941,253

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 26 UK New Car Market

2.11 UK new car registrations top-10 marques; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

Ford 348,982 14.5 322,514 15.1 316,369 15.9 280,364 13.8 265,894 13.7

Vauxhall 331,321 13.8 298,912 14.0 237,840 11.9 247,265 12.2 234,710 12.1

Volkswagen 197,020 8.2 179,189 8.4 161,137 8.1 174,655 8.6 179,290 9.2

BMW 121,575 5.1 113,132 5.3 98,683 4.9 109,418 5.4 116,642 6.0

Audi 100,864 4.2 100,845 4.7 91,172 4.6 99,828 4.9 113,797 5.9

Nissan 66,426 2.8 66,336 3.1 77,924 3.9 89,913 4.4 96,651 5.0

Peugeot 146,094 6.1 118,701 5.6 102,574 5.1 109,324 5.4 94,989 4.9

Mercedes-Benz 82,321 3.4 74,883 3.5 72,281 3.6 74,977 3.7 81,873 4.2

Toyota 118,493 4.9 105,717 5.0 102,612 5.1 87,396 4.3 73,589 3.8

Citroen 97,750 4.1 81,237 3.8 72,450 3.6 73,317 3.6 68,464 3.5

Source: SMMT

 While Ford continues to head the manufacturer's table, its new car sales fell 5.2% to 265,894 units in 2011, its market share slipping to 13.7% from 13.8% the previous year.

 Vauxhall's new car sales fell by 5.1% to 234,710 last year, while Volkswagen's rose 2.7% and 4,635 units to 179,290, pushing its market share up to 9.24%. The VW Group is, in reality, the outright market leader, its group ' taking 19.28% of the UK's new car market in 2011 – surpassing Ford by some 108,000 units.

 Prestige brands now take three places in the UK's top-10; BMW recorded a rise of 6.6% to 116,642, ahead of Audi (up 14% to 113,797) in the UK new car sales table. Mercedes- Benz, in eighth position, saw its sales rise 9.2% to 81,873 units.

2.12 UK top-10 new car models; 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units

Focus 126,938 Focus 101,593 Fiesta 117,296 Fiesta 103,013 Fiesta 96,112

Astra 113,894 Corsa 99,574 Focus 93,517 Astra 80,646 Focus 81,832

Fiesta 102,872 Fiesta 94,989 Corsa 84,478 Focus 77,804 Corsa 77,751

Corsa 94,120 Astra 90,641 Astra 67,729 Corsa 77,398 Golf 63,368

Golf 68,843 Golf 65,029 Golf 57,187 Golf 58,116 Astra 62,575

207 67,185 207 53,462 207 48,037 Polo 45,517 Insignia 46,324

3 Series 58,544 3 Series 49,384 MINI 39,866 207 42,185 Polo 45,992

Mégane 55,468 Mondeo 44,150 3 Series 39,029 3 Series 42,020 3 Series 42,471

Clio 53,907 Zafira 43,169 Insignia 36,040 MINI 41,883 Qashquai 39,406

Vectra 50,983 Vectra 42,555 Mondeo 34,418 Qashquai 39,048 MINI 35,845

Source: SMMT

 Despite a drop of 5% in 2011, the Ford Fiesta remained the UK's top-selling car with sales of 96,122 units, ahead of the Focus in second spot with sales of 81,832.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 27 UK New Car Market

2.13 UK top-10 new car diesel models; 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Ford Ford 42,368 Golf 45,599 33,577 Golf 41,895 Golf 46,714 Focus Focus Ford Golf 38,592 39,924 Golf 31,812 30,673 Insignia 38,987 Focus Passat 36,073 Mondeo 37,331 Mondeo 31,453 Insignia 30,570 Ford Focus 35,492

Mondeo 35,618 Astra 29,769 Fiesta 27,503 3 Series 30,417 3 Series 32,895

Astra 32,492 Passat 29,726 Insignia 25,196 Mondeo 27,704 Astra 30,277

3 Series 31,333 3 Series 27,964 Passat 24,570 Ford Fiesta 27,554 Passat 29,157

Vectra 26,843 Audi A4 25,600 3 Series 23,666 Qashquai 25,732 Ford Fiesta 24,745

Audi A4 24,855 Vectra 22,692 Audi A3 22,311 1 Series 23,485 Qashqai 24,391

Megane 20,593 Audi A3 22,044 1 Series 19,762 Passat 21,226 C-Class 22,466

Audi A3 20,160 Citroen C4 20,783 Audi A4 19,642 Audi A3 20,824 1 Series 21,095

Source: SMMT

 2011 saw diesel-engined cars take more than half (50.6%) the new car market for the first time; up 4.8% to 981,594 units.

 While diesels accounted for nearly two-thirds (63.2%) of new cars sold to the 25-plus fleet operators last year, they represented just 36.6% of new diesels sold to the private sector.

2.14 UK new car market by segments; 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Mini 21,512 28,094 68,098 53,388 42,061

% 0.9 1.3 3.4 2.6 2.2

Supermini 770,601 712,975 742,153 739,615 703,925

% 32.1 33.1 37.2 36.4 36.3

LowerMedium 722,012 618,848 530,849 539,403 489,900

% 30.0 29.0 26.6 26.6 25.2

UpperMedium 386,414 340,796 283,552 264,251 256,437

% 16.1 16.0 14.2 13.0 13.2

Executive 104,468 98,572 90,114 99,079 110,246

% 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.9 5.7

Luxury 13,120 9,977 6,547 8,140 8,647

% 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4

Sports 65,731 50,256 46,467 46,209 44,389

% 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

4x4/SUV 176,290 136,525 132,472 156,552 165,997

% 7.3 6.4 6.6 7.7 8.6

MPV 143,859 135,752 94,747 124,209 119,651

% 6.0 6.4 4.8 6.1 6.2`

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 28 UK New Car Market

2.15 UK top-5 new car registrations by segment; 2011

Mini Upper Medium Specialist Sports

Model Units Share Model Units Share Model Units Share

Hyundai i10 20,325 48.3% Insignia 46,324 18.1% Scirocco 7,514 16.9%

Suzuki Alto 5,598 13.3% 3 Series 42,471 16.6% Audi TT 7,343 16.5%

Vauxhall Agila 5,106 12.1% Passat 29,488 11.5% MX-5 3,660 8.3%

smart fortwo 3,959 9.4% Audi A4 21,042 8.2% SLK 3,548 8.0%

Toyota iQ 2,868 6.8% Mondeo 20,297 7.9% RCZ 3,205 7.2%

Supermini Executive Dual Purpose

Model Units Share Model Units Share Model Units Share

Ford Fiesta 96,112 13.7% C-Class 30,518 27.7% Freelander 13,259 8.0%

Corsa 77,751 11.1% E-Class 24,621 22.3% Honda CRV 11,225 6.8%

Polo 45,992 6.5% 5 Series 21,703 19.7% 10,496 6.3%

MINI 35,845 5.1% Audi A6 10,770 9.8% Sportage 9,474 5.7%

Peugeot 207 31,540 4.5% Jaguar XF 10,373 9.4% Tiguan 8,121 4.9%

Lower Medium Luxury Dual Purpose

Model Units Share Model Units Share Model Units Share

Ford Focus 81,832 16.7% Jaguar XJ 2,011 23.3% Zafira 20,589 17.2%

Golf 63,368 12.9% S-Class 1,702 19.7% Ford C-MAX 18,925 15.8%

Vauxhall Astra 62,575 12.8% 7 Series 1,471 17.0% Scenic 12,822 10.7%

Qashqai 39,406 8.0% Audi A8 1,365 15.8% Ford S-MAX 8,470 7.1%

Source: SMMT

2.16 UK new car registrations by region; 2011

Units 2011 vs. 2010 Units 2011 vs. 2010

Channel Islands 9,379 0.4% 166,877 -4.8%

East Anglia 65,261 -9.1% South East 600,006 -5.0%

East Midlands 150,628 5.4% South West 172,686 -3.2%

Isle of Man 1,361 -17.1% Wales 62,179 -9.7%

North East 79,666 -6.2% 249,396 10.8%

North West 177,191 -14.4% Yorks/Humberside 159,394 -2.8%

Northern Ireland 47,229 -11.7% Total UK 1,941,253 -4.4%

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 29 UK New Car Market

2.17 UK cars in use/average age; 2000 - 2011

35.0 7.44 7.50 7.25 7.11 7.01 7.06 30.0 6.88 6.93 7.00 6.78 6.79 6.78 6.70 6.73 Average age 25.0 6.50 Millions 20.0 6.00

15.0 5.50

27.828.5 29.2 29.7 30.1 30.5 30.8 31.1 31.3 31.0 31.3 31.4 10.0 5.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Car in use Average age

2.18 UK cars in use by region; 2011

Units % Share Units % Share

East Anglia 1,306,215 4.2 South East 9,691,083 30.9

East Midlands 2,247,253 7.2 South West 3,007,719 9.6

North East 1,401,914 4.5 Wales 1,566,077 5.0

North West 3,037,938 9.7 West Midlands 3,172,962 10.1

Northern Ireland 991,101 3.2 Yorks/Humberside 2,469,174 7.9

Scotland 2,471,019 7.9 UK total 31,362,716

Source: SMMT

2.19 UK age of cars on roads; 2011

Years old Year Units Years old Year Units

Less than three 2011-2009 5,896,137 Nine to 12 2002-2000 6,269,323

Three to six 2008-2006 6,708,713 More than 12 Pre-2000 5,285,396

Six to nine 2005-2003 7,203,147 Total 31,362,716

Source: SMMT

 The average age of cars in the parc, which had fallen to a 14-year low of 6.7 years in 2004, has climbed to 7.44 over the past six years – the highest figure for over a quarter of a century – Figure 2.17.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 30 UK New Car Market

2.20 UK average new car CO2 emissions; 1997 – 2011

200 2 189.8 188.4 185.0 1 181.0 177.6 0 174.2 -0.4 175 172.1 169.4 171.4 167.2 164.9 -1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 158.0 -1.6 -1.4 -2 -1.8 -2.2 6.78 -1.9 149.5 150 144.2 -3 138.1 -3.5 -4 -4.2 -4.2 -5 125 -5.4 -6

-7

100 -8 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

CO2 g/km % change year on year

2.21 UK top-10 lowest CO2 emission models; 2011

Make Model Power Segment CO2 g/km

Vauxhall Ampera Petrol/electric Upper Medium 27

Toyota Prius Petrol/electric Upper Medium 59

Kia Rio Diesel Lower Medium 85

smart fortwo coupe Diesel Mini 86

Citroen C3 Diesel Supermini 87

Toyota Prius Petrol/electric Upper Medium 89

Skoda Fabia Diesel Supermini 89

Toyota Auris Petrol/electric Lower Medium 89

Fiat 500 Petrol Supermini 90

Volkswagen Polo Diesel Supermini 91

Source: SMMT

 In 2009, a new EU legislation on emissions targets was passed which committed vehicle

manufacturers to cut average CO2 emissions from new cars to 130g/km by 2015 and about 95g/km by 2020.

 Emissions have fallen by 23.7% since 2000, with 70% of this progress made in the past four years. Average new car CO2 emissions fell in the UK in 2011 as diesel cars took a record 50.6% of the market and registrations of alternatively-fuelled vehicles rose by 11.3%.

 A new car bought in the UK is now 18.0% more efficient than the average car in use in the UK.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 31 UK New Car Market

2.22 Annual VED on new cars; 2012 – 2013

Standard Rate First Year Rate

CO2 emissions 2012-2013 2012-2013

A (up to 100g/km) £0 £0

B (101-110g/km) £20 £0

C (111-120g/km) £33 £0

D (121-130g/km) £100 £0

E (131-140g/km) £120 £120

F (141-150g/km) £135 £135

G (151-165g/km) £170 £170 H (166-175g/km) £195 £275

I (176-185g/km) £215 £325

J (186-200g/km) £250 £460 Alternatively-fuelled cars get a K** (201-225g/km) £270 £600 £10 discount on all bands. L (226-255g/km) £460 £815 **Cars over 225g/km registered between 01/03/01-23/03/06 in M (over 255g/km) £475 £1,030 band K.

Source: Direct Gov

2.23 UK new car market by VED band; 2000; 2010 – 2011

2011 Market share %

VED Volume Average CO2 2011 2010 2000

A (up to 100g/km) 71,649 94.61 3.4% 1.8% 0.0%

B (101-110g/km) 209,681 106.65 10.6% 6.9% 0.0%

C (111-120g/km) 325,357 116.91 17.0% 16.5% 0.1%

D (121-130g/km) 301,548 126.72 14.9% 12.9% 0.7%

E (131-140g/km) 354,351 136.38 18.4% 18.3% 7.3%

F (141-150g/km) 200,822 146.04 10.5% 11.1% 11.1%

G (151-165g/km) 177,805 156.21 11.9% 15.1% 23.8%

H (166-175g/km) 89,778 165.75 3.8% 4.0% 8.9%

I (176-185g/km) 71,867 176.3 3.7% 4.9% 13.8%

J (186-200g/km) 76,124 190.54 2.7% 3.8% 11.1%

K (201-225g/km) 22,480 216.54 1.2% 2.2% 11.9%

L (226-255g/km) 28,638 242.37 1.5% 1.5% 6.4%

M (over 255g/km) 11,153 309.48 0.6% 1.0% 4.8%

Source: SMMT

 Nearly two thirds (64.3%) of the new car cars sold in 2011 had new car emissions below the 141 g/km mark compared to just 8.1% in 2000.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 32 UK New Car Market

2.24 Company car tax tables; tax years 2012/13 to 2014/15

% of P11D to be % of P11D to be CO2 (g/Km) CO2 (g/Km) CO2 (g/Km) taxed – Petrol taxed – Diesel 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15

5 8 Up to 75 Up to 75 Up to 75

10 13 Up to 99 Up to 95 Up to 90

11 14 100 95 90

12 15 105 100 95

13 16 110 105 100

14 17 115 110 105

15 18 120 115 110

16 19 125 120 115

17 20 130 125 120

18 21 135 130 125

19 22 140 135 130

20 23 145 140 135

21 24 150 145 140

22 25 155 150 145

23 26 160 155 150

24 27 165 160 155

25 28 170 165 160

26 29 175 170 165

27 30 180 175 170

28 31 185 180 175

29 32 190 185 180

30 33 195 190 185

31 34 200 295 190

32 35 205 200 195

33 35 210 205 200

34 35 215 210 205

35 35 220 215 210

Source: Direct Gov

 Special rates for ultra low and zero emission cars withdrawn with lowest rate increased to 13% in April 2015 and 15% in April 2016.

 If a car’s CO2 emissions fall between bandings, round the number down to work out the company car tax band. For example, a petrol business car emitting 153g/km would be classified in the 21% benefit in kind band for the 2012/13 tax year.

 Special rates for ultra low and zero emission cars to be withdrawn with lowest rate increased to 13% in April 2015 and 15% in April 2016.

 3% diesel supplement is to be discontinued in 2016.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 33 UK New Car Market

2.25 UK average fuel pump price and fuel tax percentage; 2002 – 2011

Fuel cost (p) and all tax as % of total

Unleaded % Tax Diesel % Tax

2002 73.24 77.5% 75.46 75.6%

2003 76.04 75.6% 77.92 74.1%

2004 80.87 73.1% 82.45 72.0%

2005 87.23 68.9% 91.28 66.5%

2006 91.96 66.2% 95.65 64.2%

2007 94.98 66.3% 97.44 65.0%

2008 107.5 61.7% 118.1 57.5%

2009 99.9 67.5% 104.4 65.2%

2010 117.3 63.6% 119.8 62.7%

2011 133.9 56.8% 139.2 58.5%

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 34

UK Used Car Market

3.1 UK used car volumes; 2000 – 2011 36

3.2 UK used car volumes by age group; 2007 – 2011 37

3.3 Dealers’ used car volumes and market share; 2000 – 2011 37

3.4 Key factors influencing the type of used car considered 38

3.5 Most decisive factors in choosing a used car 39

3.6 Most decisive factors in deciding which used car dealer to buy from 40

3.7 Main reasons for buying a used car rather than a new one 41

3.8 Next car bought will be 42

3.9 Where to buy next car 43

3.10 Customer's preferred method of dealer contact 44

3.11 Average quarterly car auction values; 2010 – 2012 45

3.12 Average car auction data; 2010 – 2012 45

3.13 Average quarterly fleet and lease auction values; 2010 – 2012 46

3.14 Average fleet and lease auction data; 2010 – 2012 46

3.15 Average quarterly part-exchange auction values; 2010 – 2012 47

3.16 Average part-exchange auction data; 2010 – 2012 47

UK Used Car Market

UK Used Car Market

UK used car sales topped seven million for four out of five years from 2003, falling back to 6.3 million units in 2009 as recession hit the used car market hard. While hopes of an economic recovery saw used car volumes rise to 6.6 million in 2010, growth slowed to 6.7 million units in 2011 as the economy headed towards a double- dip recession.

3.1 UK used car volumes, 2000 – 2011

8

7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3

6 Millions

5

4 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

Stronger supply and sales of 6-8 year-old cars saw used car market volumes grow by 118,000 units to 6.69 million in 2011, as weaker supply from lower new car sales continued to hamper sales of younger used vehicles. Dealers' and private sector used car volumes both grew in 2011 – the former's up 2% to 3.74 million and the latter's 7% higher at 2.63 million units.

 Sales of cars in the 0-2 year age group dropped 9.5% to 642,000 units in 2011 – this segment's share of the market down to 9.6% from 10.8% the previous year.

 Sales of 3-5 year-old cars fell by 6.2% to 1.73 million units, their used car market share slipping 2.2% to 25.8%.

 The 6-8 year age group's sales volumes continued to rise in 2011, up 7.4% and 124,000 to 1.79 million units, their share of the market 1.4 points higher at 26.8% – boosted by high volumes of new cars sold in the first half of the 2000s.

 Sales of 9 years-plus cars grew for the second year running, rising by 7.5% to 2.53 million and 37.8% of the used car market – Figure 3.2.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 36 UK Used Car Market

3.2 UK used car volumes by age group, 2007 – 2011

3000

2529 2489 2500 2352 2208 2174 1949 2000 1882 1884 1840 1793 1669 1632 1583 1481 1725

Thousands 1500

989 978 1000 762 710 642

500 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0-2 3-5 6-8 9+ yrs

3.3 Dealers’ used car volumes and market share; 2000 – 2011

5.0 60

56.3 4.5 56.0 55.8 55.9 54.8 54.3 54.3 55 53.6 53.6 53.3 4.01 3.97

4.0 Market% share 3.87 3.87 3.74 3.66 3.67 3.61 3.57 3.53 3.5 50 Millions

3.0

45

2.5

2.0 40 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Millions Market share

 Stronger sales of 6-8 year-old cars helped used car retailers' volumes grow 2% to 3.74 million units in 2011, their share of the market remaining at 55.9%

 Franchised and non-franchised used car dealers retained their three-quarters share (75.1%) of used car market value in 2011; the private sector's share rising to 20.7%, as fewer used car buyers resorted to auction or other sources last year.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 37 UK Used Car Market

3.4 Key factors influencing the type of used car considered

Family & friends 24 %

Personal experience 21

Independent Internet sites 16

Test drive 15

Used car physical sites 12

Dealer websites 10

Consumer reports 8

Cars on street 8

Newspaper adverts 8

General car mags 6

Car TV ads 6

 'Views of friends and family', cited by 24% of car owners in this year's survey, edged 'personal experience of make and model' (21%) into second place when motorists thought about what used car they might buy next.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Key factors Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Views of friends or family 24 20 28 27 29 22 24 22 16

Personal experience 21 21 21 12 20 21 25 28 20

Independent car internet sites 16 19 13 17 22 21 12 18 5

Test drive 15 16 14 17 16 18 13 13 14

Used car showroom/sites 12 12 13 9 11 13 12 12 16

Franchised \ dealer websites 10 11 9 9 9 13 9 12 9

Newspaper advertisements 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 11 8

Cars you see on the street 8 8 8 8 10 5 11 7 6

Consumer reports 8 6 9 2 6 11 11 8 6

General motoring magazines 6 7 4 6 5 8 6 5 3

Car TV adverts 6 6 5 13 5 5 4 4 3

Car TV shows 4 5 3 12 5 2 3 2 1

Specialist motoring magazines 4 5 3 5 2 3 5 6 3

Used r dealer advice 4 4 3 2 7 4 1 2 7

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

 ‘Independent Internet sites' (16%), 'used car sites/showrooms' (12%) and 'dealers' websites' (10%) also play a part in some used car buyers' decision.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 38 UK Used Car Market

3.5 Most decisive factors in choosing a used car

% 45 41 40

35 31 30 30

25

20 18 17 15 14 12 10 10 8 8 7

5

0 e e e r c ge pe c ty ri a y g tion n tion fe P A p a S Colou sura ke/model Body t uel o In a Engine size F Low mile M Specifica

 'Price' (41%), 'low mileage' (31%) and 'make and model', mentioned by 30% of respondents, are firmly established as 'crunch factors' in deciding which particular used car to buy – although 'engine size' (18%) and 'body type' (17%) can make the difference on some occasions.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Decisive factors Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Price 41 41 40 56 44 41 40 36 30

Mileage (low) 31 32 29 36 28 32 33 28 29

Make/model of vehicle 30 29 31 34 34 26 27 31 31

Engine size 18 19 16 20 15 18 15 21 20

Body type ( 17 19 14 8 11 19 16 23 22

Age of the vehicle 14 11 18 19 13 16 10 13 17

Fuel option 12 13 11 4 11 11 17 14 14

Insurance group 10 10 10 17 10 10 16 5 3

Specification 8 11 5 2 5 12 8 12 8

Safety 8 12 4 11 9 8 7 10 3

Colour 7 5 9 12 8 4 7 9 2

Price 41 41 40 56 44 41 40 36 30

Mileage (low) 31 32 29 36 28 32 33 28 29

Make/model of vehicle 30 29 31 34 34 26 27 31 31

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 39 UK Used Car Market

3.6 Most decisive factors in deciding which used car dealer to buy from

% Good deal 33

Right car, price 29

Trade-in 19

Local 19

Reliable, trustworthy 14

Warranty 13

Friendly,helpful 12

Wide choice 11

Bought before 10

Recommended 9

Aftersales 7

Easy negotiation 7

 Affordability tops motorists' priorities in terms of 'I got a good deal on the car' which topped the shopping list for a third of motorists, followed by 'the right car at the best possible price', for three out of 10 of used car buyers.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Decisive factors Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Got a good deal on the car 33 33 33 34 42 38 27 35 23

Right car at best possible price 29 28 30 46 19 19 29 39 34

Could trade in my old car 19 20 18 14 15 15 16 31 22

Local and convenient 19 21 16 20 20 11 23 25 16

Dealer reliable and trustworthy 14 15 12 32 13 6 16 15 14

Staff helpful and professional 12 12 13 18 11 13 11 9 16

Wide choice of vehicles 11 10 11 15 4 16 4 15 13

Have bought a used car from them before 10 7 13 15 4 14 9 11 9

Offered a warranty 10 12 7 6 2 9 13 15 11

Recommended by friend 9 8 10 21 8 5 7 5 14

Lck of sales pressure 7 8 7 18 6 5 9 12 2

Good aftersales service 7 7 7 8 7 7 3 12 7

Quick delivery of car wanted 4 5 2 - 2 6 2 6 4

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 40 UK Used Car Market

3.7 Main reasons for buying a used car rather than a new one

Couldn't afford new 34 %

Better value 21

Depreciation 14

Always buy used 11

Needed quickly 6

More choice 4

 A third of car owners 'couldn't afford a new car', a fifth believe 'used cars offer better value for money', and 14% of motorists are convinced 'there is lower depreciation with used cars'.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Main reasons Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

I couldn't afford a new car 34 31 38 46 39 34 39 27 24

Used cars better value 21 24 19 15 22 25 24 28 15

Lowe depreciation with used 14 16 12 5 12 16 18 23 11

I always buy used cars 11 12 9 4 10 12 13 15 11

I needed a car quickly 6 6 6 10 5 6 8 6 2

There is more choice when buying 4 5 4 3 6 7 3 5 2 a used car

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

 While a quarter of men and a fifth of women said 'used cars offer better value for money', more women (38%) than men (30%) said 'they couldn't afford a new car'

 ‘I couldn’t afford a new car’ is the major influence in buying a used car costing up to £5,000, but is of little concern for car owners who paid £10,000 to £15,000 for their last used car (8%) – and those who bought more expensive vehicles (12%).

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 41 UK Used Car Market

3.8 Next car bought will be

% 40 40

35

30 27 25

20

15 12

10 7 5 3 3 4 1 1 0 id sel el diesel r petrol r die

w car petrol Don't Know Used ca Used ca Used car hybr Ne New car dies Nearly new petrolNearly new Used car alternative

 Three-quarters of car owners intend to replace their car with a used one when they make a change. However, there has been a swing of 4% towards diesel this time – 30% of prospective used car buyers saying they plan to go in this direction next time.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Type of car Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Used car, petrol 40 38 42 45 42 42 41 33 38

Used car, diesel 27 29 25 21 32 33 25 34 16

Used car, hybrid 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1

Used car, alternative fuel 1 1 0 - - 1 1 - 2

Nearly new used car, petrol 3 4 2 1 4 3 4 3 4

Nearly new used car, diesel 3 4 2 2 1 3 4 5 1

New car, petrol 7 7 7 7 2 4 7 11 11 New car, diesel 4 4 4 3 2 3 6 4 7

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

 While four out of five car owners in the 25-34 age group plan to buy a used car next time they replace their car, a third looking for a diesel, only 62% of older motorists are planning a similar move, just 17% heading in the diesel direction.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 42 UK Used Car Market

3.9 Where to buy next car

Franchised dealer 50 %

Private 22

Used car dealer 13

Internet trader 7

Family friend 6

Car supermarket 5

Auction 4

Other 3

Don't know 12

 A half of car owners say plan to deal with a franchised dealer next time next time they change their car, half of them intending to trade in their old car. 30% of motorists will buy privately or from a friend, while 13% will do business with a non-franchised retailer.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Where to buy? Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Franchised dealer (buy direct) 25 25 25 23 19 29 23 29 29

Franchised dealer (part exchange) 25 25 25 11 24 28 29 28 27

Private sale 22 22 21 29 32 19 21 18 9

Internet trader 7 9 5 16 9 8 5 5 2

Independent used vehicle dealer 7 7 7 8 7 6 5 10 7 (buy direct)

Family or friend 6 6 7 12 9 6 6 2 4

Independent used vehicle dealer 6 6 5 3 5 6 7 7 6 (part exchange)

Car supermarket 5 6 4 5 3 7 7 2 3

Auction 4 5 2 3 7 4 2 4 2

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

 Nearly three out of five car owners over the age of 35 say a franchised dealer will be their first port of call when they get round to buying a used car to replace their current vehicle – which rises to seven out of 10 in the case of better-off used car buyers.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 43 UK Used Car Market

3.10 Customer's preferred method of dealer contact

Email 18 %

Letter\mailing 15

Website information 14

Press 9

TV 6

Telephone call 4

Radio 2

Twitter 1

Facebook 1

Text message 1

 Car owners show a clear preference for receiving the least invasive type of communication; ones they can read and absorb when it suits them and not the sender – and can be retained and returned to at leisure.

Gender Age group 17- 25- 35- 45- 55- Preferred method Total Men Women 65+ 24 34 44 54 64

% % % % % % % % %

Email 18 17 18 19 23 24 17 17 6

Letter\mailing 15 15 15 10 15 10 18 16 16

Website information 14 17 11 16 23 16 13 14 5

Press 9 10 8 3 6 9 9 9 15

TV 6 6 6 13 6 4 4 6 5

Telephone call 4 4 5 8 3 2 5 4 6

Radio 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 1

Text message 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 1

Facebook 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 0 -

Twitter 1 1 0 2 1 1 - - -

Source: BCA Used Car Market Report 2012

 Email leads the field in this respect, cited by 18% of survey respondents, followed by the 'written word' in the form of letters/mailing and websites at 15% and 14% respectively.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 44 UK Used Car Market

3.11 Average quarterly car auction values; 2010 – 2012

£6,300

£6,200 £6,171 £6,114 £6,100

£6,000 £5,933 £5,888 £5,899 £5,891 £5,900 £5,875 £5,818 £5,800 £5,780 £5,694 £5,700

£5,600

£5,500

£5,400 Q1 10 Q2 10 Q3 10 Q4 10 Q1 11 Q2 11 Q3 11 Q4 11 Q1 12 Q2 12

3.12 Average car auction data; 2010 – 2012

Period Avg Age Avg Mileage Avg Value Avg CAP Sale vs CAP %

Q1 10 60.05 57,498 £5,888 £5,990 98.30%

Q2 10 60.89 57,465 £5,780 £6,076 95.12%

Q3 10 58.84 56,544 £5,875 £6,089 96.49%

Q4 10 59.20 57,779 £5,818 £6,026 96.54%

Q1 11 61.60 59,043 £5,899 £6,064 97.28%

Q2 11 60.86 58,746 £5,694 £6,051 94.11%

Q3 11 60.34 58,118 £5,933 £6,106 97.15%

Q4 11 59.02 57,465 £6,171 £6,389 96.58%

Q1 12 61.51 58,868 £6,114 £6,268 97.53%

Q2 12 63.14 59,849 £5,891 £6,165 95.42%

Source; BCA

 The average value of a used car in the second quarter of 2012 was £5,891 – the highest ever recorded in a second quarter but down on Q1 12 and the second consecutive quarterly fall. Year-on-year values were ahead by £197.

 The average mileage of used cars across the board reached a new peak of 59,849 in Q2 12, although fleet car mileage declined.

 The average age of used cars when sold rose above 63 months for the first time on record.

 However, the supply side of the market equation should not be ignored. There have been well reported constraints on supply of the best, retail quality cars and – in a competitive remarketing environment - this is undoubtedly contributing to the general rise in values.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 45 UK Used Car Market

3.13 Average quarterly fleet and lease auction values; 2010 – 2012

£8,000 £7,900 £7,873 £7,800

£7,700 £7,639 £7,614 £7,614 £7,600 £7,500 £7,407 £7,414 £7,400 £7,300 £7,267 £7,258 £7,267 £7,260 £7,200 £7,100 £7,000 £6,900 Q1 10 Q2 10 Q3 10 Q4 10 Q1 11 Q2 11 Q3 11 Q4 11 Q1 12 Q2 12

3.14 Average fleet and lease auction data; 2010 – 2012

Period Avg Age Avg Mileage Avg Value Avg CAP Sale vs CAP

Q1 10 40.84 48,905 £7,614 £7,801 97.61%

Q2 10 40.67 49,223 £7,267 £7,719 94.14%

Q3 10 39.37 47,040 £7,407 £7,701 96.18%

Q4 10 39.85 48,577 £7,258 £7,543 96.21%

Q1 11 40.84 48,905 £7,614 £7,801 97.61%

Q2 11 40.67 49,223 £7,267 £7,719 94.14%

Q3 11 40.93 49,679 £7,260 £7,444 97.53%

Q4 11 40.33 49,030 £7,414 £7,682 96.50%

Q1 12 41.04 49,817 £7,639 £7,783 98.21%

Q2 12 40.95 49,202 £7,873 £8,172 96.12%

Source; BCA

 The fleet and lease sector saw average age remain relatively static having gone over 41 months for the first time on record in Q1 12. Year-on-year average age has moved very little in the fleet/lease sector.

 Average mileage fell back for fleet and lease vehicles, but year-on-year is almost identical to the figure recorded in 2011. Average mileage seems to have reached a plateau of around 49,000 miles in the fleet and lease sector.

 The average value of a fleet/lease car reached a new high point of £7,750 in the first half of 2012, equivalent to 97.19% of CAP Clean and a retained value of 39.53% at 41 months and 49,500 miles. This represented a £306 year-on-year increase over the half-year point in 2011, equivalent to a 4.1% uplift.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 46 UK Used Car Market

3.15 Average quarterly part-exchange auction values; 2010 – 2012

£3,000 £2,891 £2,900 £2,843 £2,806 £2,820 £2,800 £2,681 £2,687 £2,698 £2,700 £2,644 £2,590 £2,600 £2,577

£2,500

£2,400

£2,300

£2,200

£2,100

£2,000 Q1 10 Q2 10 Q3 10 Q4 10 Q1 11 Q2 11 Q3 11 Q4 11 Q1 12 Q2 12

3.16 Average part-exchange auction data; 2010 – 2012

Period Avg Age Avg Mileage Avg Value Avg CAP Sale vs CAP

Q1 10 88.84 74,536 £2,681 £2,816 95.18%

Q2 10 88.41 73,589 £2,590 £2,879 89.98%

Q3 10 88.26 73,213 £2,577 £2,778 92.78%

Q4 10 87.93 74,096 £2,644 £2,840 93.07%

Q1 11 88.47 74,582 £2,806 £3,014 93.12%

Q2 11 88.55 74,051 £2,687 £2,992 89.79%

Q3 11 88.75 73,949 £2,698 £2,911 92.68%

Q4 11 88.64 74,433 £2,820 £3,046 92.59%

Q1 12 89.44 74,535 £2,891 £3,103 93.14%

Q2 12 89.09 74,467 £2,843 £3,132 90.71%

Source; BCA

 Looking at the part-exchange sector, Quarter 2, 2012 saw values rise steadily over the three month period. While the average quarterly value was down on the figure achieved in Q1 12, year-on-year values were up by more than 5.3%.

 The continued shortage of good quality used cars is leading to fierce competition and generally rising values for the best examples reaching the remarketing arena. Low new car volumes, and the trend for car owners to keep their vehicles for longer before changing, means supply has been constricted for the past two years, with no sign this will change until new car volumes pick up significantly.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 47

European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.1 European new LCV and HCV registrations; 2000 – 2011 49

4.2 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes production; 2000 – 2010 50

4.3 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes production by country; 2006 – 2010 50

4.4 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes production; 2000 – 2010 51

4.5 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes production by country; 2006 – 2010 51

4.6 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations; 2003 – 2011 52

4.7 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations by country; 2007 – 2011 52

4.8 European HCV > 3.5tonnes registrations; 2003 – 2011 53

4.9 European HCV registrations > 3.5 tonnes by country; 2007 – 2011 53

4.10 European LCV registrations < 3.5 tonnes by marque; 2007 – 2011 54

4.11 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011 55

European New LCV and HCV Markets

European LCV and HGV Markets

New LCV and HCV registrations both reached record levels of 2.23 million and 439,000 units in 2007. Thereafter, recession in major EU markets saw new LCV sales drop by a third to 1.41 million by 2009 (Figure 4.1) – and new HCV registrations plummet by 45% to 240,000 units during the same period.

4.1 European new LCV and HCV registrations. 2000 - 2011

2,500 2,225 2,073 2,089 2,007 1,993 2,000 1,828 1,660 1,536 1,500 1,409

1,000 Thousand unist Thousand

439 500 388 412 429 334 366 324 240 256

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

< 3.5 tonnes LCV > 3.5 tonnes HCV

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Although both EU commercial vehicle sectors recovered somewhat between 2009 and 2011, their respective new vehicle volumes remain a long way short of the all- time high pre-recession figures.

Of the major EU markets, the UK (40%) and Germany (37%) recorded the biggest growth in new LCV sales between 2009 and 2011 – while Italy's (-2%) and Spain's (-2%) LCV markets continue to suffer from their countries' economic difficulties (Figure 4.3).

Germany (45%) and France (36%) have made the most progress on the new HCV sales front, while the UK saw its HCV registrations rise 29% over the same two year period.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 49 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.2 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes production, 2003 – 2010

1.91 2.0 1.86 1.78 1.77 1.64 1.59

1.5 1.43

1.02 1.0 Million units

0.5

0.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

4.3 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes production by country, 2006 – 2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EU27 1,859,914 1,908,700 1,763,106 1,015,014 1,426,518

European Union (EU15) 1,737,412 1,784,764 1,632,357 935,266 1,312,046

Double countings Portugal/Japan - -12,508 -13,080 -3,324 -5,041

Double countings Spain/Portugal -9,991 - - - -

Austria - - - - -

Belgium - - - - -

Finland - - - - -

France 386,512 393,254 349,131 198,847 262,479

Germany 202,431 251,594 246,266 148,415 212,511

Italy 272,205 320,889 314,977 158,059 254,920

Netherlands - - - - -

Portugal 78,472 36,056 36,178 22,172 39,770

Spain 619,444 599,584 523,328 331,131 437,242

Sweden - - - - -

United Kingdom 188,339 195,895 175,557 80,206 111,395

EU New Members 122,502 178,939 158,485 80,329 114,472

Czech Republic 1,077 6,238 6,288 2,650 2,745

Hungary - - - - -

Poland 76,100 86,061 92,887 49,929 73,953

Romania 11,410 744 13,964 16,990 27,270

Slovakia - - - - -

Slovenia 33,915 24,193 17,610 10,179 10,504

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 50 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.4 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes production, 2003 – 2010

700 667 675

577 600 552 530 500 440

400 377

300 251

Thousand units 200

100

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

4.5 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes production by country, 2006 – 2010

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EU27 577,043 667,276 674,620 251,046 377,106

European Union (EU15) 572,524 660,387 662,039 242,650 366,944

Double countings Portugal/Japan - - -6,480 -2,079 -4,320

Austria 26,621 28,097 25,441 15,714 18,814

Belgium 34,984 43,516 43,081 12,039 24,340

Finland 353 303 376 64 -

France 55,439 67,395 69,761 25,325 39,120

Germany 209,385 243,642 257,396 89,403 134,129

Italy 44,020 51,114 48,232 23,046 28,870

Netherlands 70,202 74,649 71,326 24,490 44,764

Portugal 5,248 5,981 6,609 2,079 4,320

Spain 77,882 92,793 73,883 25,707 36,891

Sweden 35,485 40,364 46,858 17,859 30,000

United Kingdom 18,099 18,436 25,565 9,003 10,116

EU New Members 4,519 6,889 12,581 8,936 10,162

Czech Republic 1,993 6,168 2,737 1,091 1,411

Hungary 2,010 3,566 3,067 1,670 2,760

Poland - - 6,500 5,447 2,015

Romania 516 155 277 188 -

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 51 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.6 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations , 2003 – 2011

2,500 2,225 2,073 2,089 2,007 1,993 2,000 1,828 1,660 1,536 1,500 1,409

1,000 Thousand units Thousand

500

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.7 European LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations by country; 2007 – 2011

Country 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Austria 32,322 32,763 25,582 28,020 32,563 Belgium 68,007 67,546 53,620 55,003 64,148 Denmark 56,069 33,602 15,222 16,240 24,311 Finland 17,507 16,395 8,693 10,821 14,346 France 460,513 458,937 372,590 415,448 426,651 Germany 221,769 223,525 170,067 197,270 233,617 Greece 24,007 22,205 14,499 10,632 6,357 Ireland 42,727 28,163 8,650 9,887 10,860 Italy 242,652 223,230 175,847 176,755 172,265 Luxembourg 3,492 4,028 3,063 3,246 3,600 Netherlands 80,830 84,654 51,275 49,607 58,667 Portugal 68,418 55,398 38,901 45,656 34,963 Spain 275,563 165,872 106,527 116,010 104,374 Sweden 44,222 39,269 27,432 37,932 46,401 United Kingdom 333,008 287,158 185,317 221,880 259,532 EU (15) 1,971,106 1,742,745 1,257,285 1,394,407 1,492,655 Iceland 2,782 1,227 302 220 347 Norway 45,609 34,870 23,504 29,040 35,513 Switzerland 25,386 26,275 23,110 25,827 30,479 EFTA (3) 73,777 62,372 46,916 55,087 66,339 EU(15) + EFTA(3) 2,044,883 1,805,117 1,304,201 1,449,494 1,558,994 Bulgaria 10,697 11,478 4,275 3,133 2,979 Czech Republic 19,534 20,269 13,007 11,221 12,942 Estonia 4,610 2,976 1,175 1,370 2,435 Hungary 21,920 21,559 10,619 9,187 11,446 Latvia 3,458 2,041 520 571 1,755 Lithuania 4,251 3,000 776 936 1,824 Poland 52,048 55,896 40,232 38,778 45,632 Romania 33,147 36,414 14,086 9,238 10,883 Slovakia 23,618 26,900 15,709 6,920 5,684 Slovenia 6,813 7,282 4,426 4,703 5,753 New EU Members 180,096 187,815 104,825 86,057 101,333 Total EU27 2,151,202 1,930,560 1,362,110 1,480,464 1,593,988 Total EU27+EFTA 2,224,979 1,992,932 1,409,026 1,535,551 1,660,327

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 52 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.8 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations, 2003 – 2011

500

439 450 429 412 388 400 366 334 350 324

300 256 240 250

200 Thousand units Thousand 150

100

50

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.9 European HCV registrations > 3.5 tonnes by country, 2007 – 2011

Country 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Austria 8,417 8,590 4,790 5,221 7,345 Belgium 12,562 12,524 8,832 8,026 10,281 Denmark 6,891 6,673 3,251 2,741 3,658 Finland 4,174 4,634 3,169 2,878 3,430 France 52,808 57,870 36,177 35,859 49,366 Germany 106,876 105,589 66,499 79,668 96,161 Greece 2,497 2,790 1,877 1,306 547 Ireland 6,237 4,688 1,561 1,486 1,497 Italy 35,820 34,477 19,086 18,130 20,747 Luxembourg 1,647 1,793 925 847 1,337 Netherlands 15,284 18,274 11,759 9,647 12,854 Portugal 5,645 5,534 3,217 3,143 2,630 Spain 45,097 32,067 12,279 13,684 16,300 Sweden 6,710 6,998 5,497 4,801 6,060 United Kingdom 47,166 53,709 31,819 31,401 41,125 EU (15) 357,831 356,210 210,738 218,838 273,338 Iceland 535 275 48 41 55 Norway 6,261 6,528 4,098 4,078 5,110 Switzerland 4,396 5,163 4,442 3,544 4,520 EFTA (3) 11,192 11,966 8,588 7,663 9,685 EU(15) + EFTA(3) 369,023 368,176 219,326 226,501 283,023 Bulgaria 78 Czech Republic 12,079 11,404 5,129 5,157 7,629 Estonia 1,718 1,301 256 370 746 Hungary 0 0 2,278 4,301 Latvia 3,261 1,990 300 469 1,390 Lithuania 5,006 3,474 514 1,369 2,762 Poland 24,573 22,405 9,885 13,744 17,105 Romania 14,979 12,506 2,592 3,038 2,081 Slovakia 5,443 4,842 1,661 2,398 3,691 Slovenia 2,717 2,576 758 883 1,382 New EU Members 69,776 60,498 21,095 29,784 41,087 Total EU27 427,607 416,708 231,833 248,622 314,425 Total EU27+EFTA 438,799 428,674 240,421 256,285 324,110

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 53 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.10 European LCV registrations < 3.5 tonnes by marque 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

BMW BMW 1,325 0.1 ------

Mini 9 0.0 ------

Total 1,334 0.1 1,776 0.1 1,179 0.1 1,892 0.1 409 0.0

DAIMLER Mercedes 173,420 7.8 164,265 8.2 116,094 8.2 124,823 8.1 135,450 8.2

SMART 37 0.0 ------

Others 1 3.6 ------

Total 173,458 7.8 164,265 8.2 116,094 8.2 124,823 8.1 135,450 8.2

FIAT Alfa 170 0.0 151 0.0 189 0.0 186 0.0 220 0.0

Chrysler ------2,899 0.3

Fiat 243,822 11.0 233,115 11.7 167,744 11.9 177,842 11.6 187,311 11.3

Iveco 80,786 3.6 70,530 3.5 44,577 3.2 47,244 3.1 50,062 3.0

Lancia 59 0.0 65 0.0 33 0.0 29 0.0 20 0.0

Total 324,837 14.6 303,861 15.2 212,543 15.1 225,303 14.7 240,512

FORD Ford 273,379 12.3 234,561 11.8 157,988 11.2 166,251 10.8 185,154 11.2

Jaguar 7 0.0 ------

Land Rover 8,293 0.4 ------

Volvo 772 0.0 618 0.0 647 0.0 - - - -

Others 17 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 - - - -

Total 282,468 12.7 235,183 11.8 158,638 11.3 166,251 10.8 185,154 11.2

GM Chevrolet 1,624 0.1 815 0.0 344 0.0 334 0.0 432 0.0

Opel 151,023 6.8 137,992 6.9 72,733 5.2 76,956 5.0 91,231 5.5

Saab 10 0.0 27 0.0 16 0.0 - - - -

Others 376 0.0 292 0.0 164 0.0 156 0.0 94 0.0

Total 153,033 6.9 139,126 7.0 73,257 5.2 77,446 5.0 91,757 5.5

JAPAN Honda 2,361 0.1 933 0.0 318 0.0 60 0.0 55 0.0

Mazda 8,645 0.4 6,301 0.3 4,698 0.3 2,726 0.2 2,200 0.1

Mitsubishi 47,068 2.1 31,705 1.6 19,144 1.4 23,974 1.6 22,791 1.4

Nissan 95,661 4.3 66,858 3.4 44,809 3.2 42,863 2.8 54,030 3.3

Suzuki 4,655 0.2 1,944 0.1 1,321 0.1 939 0.1 944 0.1

Toyota 73,215 3.3 62,592 3.1 38,568 2.7 38,849 2.5 42,407 2.6

Others 14,776 0.7 12,967 0.7 ------

Total 246,381 11.1 183,300 10,429 12,960 11,332

KOREA Daewoo 609 0.0 ------

Hyundai 10,834 0.5 8,833 0.4 5,402 0.4 4,640 0.3 3,996 0.2

Kia 5,246 0.2 3,371 0.2 1,575 0.1 1,211 0.1 986 0.1

Others 3,274 0.1 1,857 0.1 926 0.1 493 0.0 486

Total 19,963 0.9 14,061 0.7 7,903 0.6 6,344 0.4 5,468

MGROVER Rover 6 7.8 ------

PSA Citroen 221,684 10.0 207,951 10.4 165,112 11.7 174,732 11.4 177,488 10.7

Peugeot 197,385 8.9 191,105 9.6 153,832 10.9 168,256 11.0 174,479 10.5

Total 419,069 18.8 399,056 20.0 318,944 22.6 342,988 22.3 351,967 21.2

RENAULT Dacia 7,158 0.3 11,745 0.6 14,691 1.0 16,737 1.1 15,470 0.9

Renault 322,224 14.5 283,189 14.2 205,404 14.6 247,791 16.1 261,432 15.7

Total 329,382 14.8 294,934 14.8 220,095 15.6 264,528 17.2 276,902 16.7

VOLKSW'N Audi 1,853 0.1 1,658 0.1 1,491 0.1 3,598 0.2 1,238 0.1

Seat 6,570 0.3 3,494 0.2 1,292 0.1 1,815 0.1 1,840 0.1

Skoda 9,508 0.4 11,964 0.6 6,715 0.5 5,006 0.3 3,846 0.2

Volksw'n 230,052 10.3 210,219 10.5 148,530 10.5 169,320 11.0 204,499 12.3

Total 247,983 11.1 227,335 11.4 158,028 11.2 179,739 11.7 211,423 12.7

JLR Jag L/ Rover - - 8,164 0.4 6,600 0.5 8,508 0.6 12,887 0.8

Others 27,014 1.2 21,802 1.1 16,584 1.1 15,301 1.0 14,649 0.9

Total 2,224,979 1,992,932 1,409,026 1,535,551 1,660,327

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 54 European New LCV and HCV Markets

4.11 European HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque, 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

DAF DAF 53,006 12.1 52,605 12.3 29,347 12.2 31,906 12.4 42,184 13.0

DAIMLER Mercedes 95,558 21.7 93,668 21.9 56,226 23.4 62,287 24.3 72,136 22.3

Other 4 0.0

Total 95,562 0.0 93,668 21.9 56,226 23.4 62,287 24.3 72,136 22.3

FIAT Fiat 2,003 0.5 2,602 0.6 2,068 0.9 2,856 1.1 3,376 1.0

Iveco 66,267 15.1 59,670 13.9 32,416 13.5 31,354 12.2 34,514 10.6

Total 68,270 15.6 62,272 14.5 34,485 14.3 34,210 13.3 37,890 11.6

FORD Ford 863 0.2 788 0.2 746 0.3 666 0.3 585 0.2

GM Chevrolet 29 0.0 33 0.0 25 0.0 21 0.0 17 0.0

Opel 18 0.0 26 0.0 10 0.0 10 0.0 186 0.1

Other 65 0.0 28 0.0 15 0.0 8 0.0 9 0.0

Total 112 0.0 87 0.0 50 0.0 39 0.0 212 0.1

JAPAN Mitsubishi 3,575 0.8 3,932 0.9 2,290 1.0 2,711 1.1 2,640 0.8

Nissan 2,076 0.5 1,975 0.5 1,312 0.5 797 0.3 766 0.2

Toyota 839 0.2 781 0.2 325 0.1 318 0.1 196 0.1

Other 2,287 0.5 1,902 0.4 1,079 0.4 1,769 0.7 1,912 0.6

Total 8,777 2.0 8,590 2.0 5,006 2.0 5,595 2.2 5,514 1.8

MAN MAN 65,456 14.9 65,175 15.2 36,066 15.0 38,403 15.0 53,679 16.6

PSA Citroen 245 0.1 223 0.1 116 0.0 137 0.1 86 0.0

Peugeot 248 0.1 399 0.1 368 0.2 327 0.1 519 0.2

Total 493 0.1 622 0.1 484 0.2 464 0.2 605 0.2

RENAULT Renault 40,755 9.3 43,245 10.1 22,784 9.5 22,580 8.8 29,702 9.2

Other 207 0.0 259 0.1 118 0.0 251 0.1 74 0.0

Total 40,962 9.3 43,504 10.1 22,902 9.5 22,831 8.9 29,776 9.2

SCANIA Scania 43,240 9.9 40,203 9.4 21,856 9.1 23,986 9.4 31,993 9.9

VOLKSW'n Volkswagen 2,237 0.5 2,793 0.7 1,719 0.7 2,038 0.8 1,599 0.5

VOLVO Volvo 49,346 11.3 48,208 11.2 23,087 9.6 26,549 10.4 39,535 12.2

OTHER Other 10,376 2.4 10159 2.4 8455 3.5 7296 2.8 8,401 2.6

Total 438,799 428,674 240,421 256,285 324,110

Source: European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 55

UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.1 UK LCV and HCV registrations; 2000 – 2011 57

5.2 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes production; 2000 – 2011 58

5.3 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes production by marque; 2007 – 2011 58

5.4 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes production; 2000 – 2011 59

5.5 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes production by marque; 2007 – 2011 59

5.6 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations; 2000 – 2011 60

5.7 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011 60

5.8 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations; 2000 – 2011 61

5.9 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011 61

5.10 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes vehicles in use; 2000 – 2011 62

5.11 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes vehicles in use; 2000 – 2011 62

UK New LCV and HCV Markets

UK New LCV and HCV Markets

Both LCV and HCV new vehicle markets suffered as the recession hit hard in 2008 and 2009.

Strong demand for home delivery services saw demand for new LCVs climb steeply from 2000, settling comfortably over 300,000 units for four years prior to 2008 – Figure 5.1. New LCV sales subsequently plummeted to a 15-year low of 186,000 in 2009 as many businesses delayed replacement or cut the size of their fleet.

5.1 UK LCV and HCV registrations; 2000 - 2011

338 350 330 323 327 304 300 289 266 254 260 250 239 223

200 186

150 Thousand units Thousand 100

53.8 55.6 51.9 55.6 56.3 58.8 55.6 57.4 50.7 42.9 50 34.7 34.5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

< 3.5 tonnes LCV > 3.5 tonnes HCV

Source: SMMT

Demand for HCVs remained relatively flat through to 2008's figure of 57,400 units, falling steeply to 34,700 in 2009 and 34,500 units in 2010 – rising 24.6% to 42,900 last year.

Registrations of new HCVs continue to recover well in 2012; up 21.5% to 27,236 units for the January to July period – pushing the rolling year total up to 47,769 units.

In contrast, the picture on sales of new LCVs is less encouraging, falling 7.8% to 138,690 units for the first seven months of 2012 – with a rolling year total of just 248,452.

The SMMT's latest forecast for new LCV registrations shows a drop of 9.3% to 236,000 units in 2012, followed by a rise of 6.1% on 2012's forecast to 250,300 in 2013 – a long way short of the all-time high figure of 330,000 plus pre-recession levels.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 57 UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.2 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes production, 2000 – 2011

200.0 191.9 195.9 186.9 186.7

180.0 176.0 175.4 173.0 175.5

160.0 155.6

140.0

120.0 111.4 103.0 100.0 Thousand units Thousand 80.2 80.0

60.0

40.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.3 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes production by marque, 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Ford 75,662 66,215 20,981 28,270 28,170

IBC 94,968 87,248 54,185 72,556 68,079

Land Rover 2,099 3,536 2,128 5,931 2,862

LDV 10,418 9,308 39 0 0

Vauxhall 12,748 9,250 2,873 4638 3,903

Total 195,895 175,557 80,206 111,395 103,014

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 58 UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.4 UK HGV > 3.5 tonnes production, 2000 – 2011

30 27.3

25

19.8 20 18.4 18.1 17.2 16.1 14.7 14.9 15 13.8 14.2 11.6 10.5 Thousand units Thousand 10

5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.5 UK HGV > 3.5 tonnes production by marque, 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Alexander Dennis (Bus) 889 1,262 1,021 1,177 1,539

Dennis Eagle 952 905 827 826 780

Leyland Trucks* 17,478 24,662 8,201 9,290 14,568

Optare (Bus) 472 512 449 331 288

Total 19,791 27,341 10,498 11,624 17,175

Includes rigids and artics

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 59 UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.6 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations; 2000 – 2011

350 338 330 323 327

304 300 289

266 260 254 250 239 223

200 186 Thousands of units of Thousands

150

100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.7 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

Citroen 25,501 7.55 21,193 7.32 15,481 8.31 18,074 8.11 17,275 6.64

Fiat 12,902 3.82 9,425 3.26 4,880 2.62 6,977 3.13 8,130 3.13

Ford 93,035 27.55 80,735 27.89 52,829 28.34 59,488 26.69 70,226 26.99

Hyundai - - - - 225 0.12 389 0.17 677 0.26

Isuzu 1,856 0.55 1,367 0.47 1,075 0.58 2,190 0.98 2,431 0.93

Isuzu Trucks ------214 0.10 199 0.08

Iveco 6,960 2.06 5,819 2.01 2,791 1.50 2,616 1.17 3,628 1.39

Kia 71 0.02 50 0.02 15 0.01 - - - -

Land Rover 4,059 1.20 4,227 1.46 3,838 2.06 4,874 2.19 6,209 2.39

LDV 7,996 2.37 4,580 1.58 960 0.52 79 0.04 1 0.00

Mazda 565 0.17 544 0.19 554 0.30 66 0.03 - -

Mercedes 25,740 7.62 24,590 8.50 17,424 9.35 20,173 9.05 19,495 7.49

Mitsubishi 11,214 3.32 6,645 2.30 4,874 2.62 6,821 3.06 7,341 2.82

Mitsubishi CVs 388 0.11 365 0.13 248 0.13 187 0.08 190 0.07

Nissan 16,095 4.77 9,960 3.44 6,709 3.60 6,223 2.79 10,854 4.17

Peugeot 16,512 4.89 15,644 5.40 13,286 7.13 16,384 7.35 19,328 7.43

Renault 20,933 6.20 16,693 5.77 9,710 5.21 17,248 7.74 19,382 7.45

Renault Trucks 974 0.29 1,172 0.40 438 0.23 491 0.22 588 0.23

Ssangyong - - 12 0.00 10 0.01 11 0.00 4 0.00

Tata 19 0.01 19 0.01 0 0.00 - - - -

Toyota 9,898 2.93 8,557 2.96 5,799 3.11 6,617 2.97 8,391 3.23

Vauxhall 52,943 15.68 49,863 17.23 22,801 12.23 27,417 12.30 33,514 12.88

Volkswagen 27,426 8.12 26,004 8.98 21,206 11.38 25,710 11.53 31,716 12.19

Other British 2 0.00 1 0.00 0 0.00 - - - -

Other imports 2,652 0.78 1,998 0.69 1,233 0.66 666 0.30 574 0.22

Total 337,741 289,463 186,386 222,915 260,153

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 60 UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.8 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations; 2000 – 2011

58.8 60 57.4 55.6 55.6 56.3 55.6 53.8 55 51.9 50.7 50

45 42.9

40 34.7 34.5 35

30 Thousand units 25

20

15

10 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.9 UK HCV > 3.5 tonnes registrations by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % 2011 %

BMC 47 0.09 19 0.03 16 0.05 8 0.02 11 0.03

Citroen 29 0.06 51 0.09 24 0.07 59 0.17 18 0.04

DAF Trucks 11,549 22.76 13,290 23.15 8,317 23.94 6,553 19.02 9,863 22.97

Dennis 868 1.72 880 1.53 781 2.25 666 1.93 664 1.55

ERF 113 0.22 65 0.11 ------

Fiat 1,070 2.11 1,553 2.71 1,099 3.16 1,180 3.42 1,171 2.73

Ford 2,588 5.10 2,557 4.45 2,645 7.61 2,820 8.18 1,381 3.22

Hino 687 1.35 595 1.04 100 0.29 101 0.29 145 0.34

Iveco 5,710 11.25 6,226 10.84 3,686 10.61 3,049 8.85 3,401 7.92

Isuzu Trucks ------717 2.08 760 1.77

LDV 671 1.32 659 1.15 74 0.21 1 0.00 - -

MAN 5,127 10.10 5,862 10.21 2,865 8.25 2,753 7.99 4,772 11.11

Mercedes 7,546 14.87 8,268 14.40 5477 15.76 6,620 19.21 7,784 18.13

Mitsubishi CVs 533 1.05 653 1.14 353 1.02 556 1.61 597 1.39

Nissan - - 6 0.01 11 0.03 8 0.02 11 0.03

Peugeot 116 0.23 255 0.44 208 0.60 209 0.61 354 0.82

Renault 235 0.46 269 0.47 120 0.35 41 0.12 113 0.26

Renault Trucks 1,827 3.60 2,551 4.44 1448 4.17 1938 5.62 2,768 6.45

Scania 5,252 10.35 5,546 9.66 3,079 8.86 3,576 10.38 4,071 9.48

Vauxhall 46 0.09 2 0.00 14 0.04 4 0.01 51 0.12

Volkswagen 351 0.69 423 0.74 186 0.54 204 0.59 221 0.51

Volvo Trucks 4,605 9.07 6,242 10.87 3,100 8.92 3,163 9.18 4,624 10.77

Other imports 1,751 3.45 1,431 2.49 1,143 3.29 232 0.67 164 0.38

Other British 26 0.05 7 0.00 ------

Total heavy CV 50,747 57,410 34,746 34,458 42,944

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 61 UK New LCV and HCV Markets

5.10 UK LCV < 3.5 tonnes vehicles in use; 2000 – 2011

4

3.60 3.51 3.55 3.43 3.48 3.5 3.31 3.09 3.15 2.92 3 2.84 2.72 2.77

2.5 Million units 2

1.5

1 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.11 UK LCV > 3.5 tonnes vehicles in use; 2000 – 2011

575

563 557 553 550 548 548 544 542 543 541 540 540 536

Thousand units Thousand 525

500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 62

UK Fleet and Business Markets

6.1 UK 25-plus fleet new car registrations; 2000 – 2011 64

6.2 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet suppliers by marque; 2007 – 2011 65

6.3 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet models; 2007 – 2011 65

6.4 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet diesel models; 2007 – 2011 65

6.5 Top 25 UK leasing companies’ by fleet size; 2000 – 2011 66

6.6 BVRLA members’ rental and contract hire fleets; 2002 – 2011 67

6.7 BVRLA members’ fleet management & finance lease fleets; 2002 – 2011 67

6.8 BVRLA members’ contract purchase & personal contracts fleets; 2002 – 2011 67

UK Fleet and Business Markets

UK Fleet and Business Market

The 25-plus fleet sector accounted for around half of the new car market for several years, reaching a high of 52.1% in 2008 (Figure 6.1). As fleet new car volumes fell 20.5% to 882,415 in 2009, and private sector sales were inflated (13.7%) by 285,000 new car scrappage deals, the fleet sector's new car market share dropped to 44.2%.

6.1 UK 25-plus fleet new car registrations 2000 – 2011

1.50 55 52.1 52.5 49.3 49.7 48.6 47.9 50 45.8 44.20 1.25 42.6 45 41.9 42.5 41.4

40 car market new of % 1.00 35

30 0.75 25 Millions of cars 20 0.50 15

0.25 10

5

0.00 1.02 1.03 1.09 1.07 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.20 1.10 0.88 0.97 1.02 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 25+ Fleets Fleet %

Source: SMMT

2011 saw sales of new cars to the 25-plus fleet sector recover to 1,019,126 units, driving the sector's share of the market up to a new high of 52.5% - as private sales fell 14.1% year on year to 823,094.

Vauxhall headed the 25-plus fleet suppliers' league in 2011, its fleet sales rising 1.1% to 155,674, Ford dropping to second place as its fleet volumes fell 2.1% to 154,272 – see Figure 6.2.

While Volkswagen saw its fleet new car sales rise 13.3% 108,352 in 2011, Peugeot and Renault both lost considerable ground – the former's fleet volumes down 9.1% to 54,720 and the latter's 22.4% lower at 35,967 units.

All three prestige top-10 fleet suppliers recorded strong growth in 2011 – BMW (10.4%), Audi (13.1%), and Mercedes-Benz (23.2%), substantially increasing their share of the UK's 25-plus fleet sector.

Fleet new car sales have slowed in 2012, slipping 0.3% to 611,452 for the first seven months of the year, compared with 2011's figure of 613,319 for the same period.

64 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 UK Fleet and Business Markets

6.2 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet suppliers by marque, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Marque Units Marque Units Marque Units Marque Units Marque Units

Ford 205,860 Vauxhall 193,035 Ford 176,180 Ford 157,658 Vauxhall 155,674

Vauxhall 205,479 Ford 188,017 Vauxhall 140,793 Vauxhall 154,053 Ford 154,272

Volkswagen 114,855 Volkswagen 103,318 Volkswagen 86,995 Volkswagen 95,666 Volkswagen 108,352

Peugeot 73,552 Peugeot 64,417 Audi 52,503 BMW 62,334 BMW 68,827

Renault 66,692 Audi 59,942 Peugeot 50,581 Peugeot 60,217 Audi 65,380

Audi 57,706 BMW 56,790 BMW 46,855 Audi 57,813 Peugeot 54,720

BMW 54,159 Toyota 45,579 Nissan 35,236 Renault 46,354 Nissan 47,877

Toyota 50,347 Renault 45,323 Toyota 34,420 Nissan 41,775 Mercedes 44,242

Citroën 40,572 Honda 39,150 Mercedes 31,936 Mercedes 35,914 Renault 35,967

Honda 37,407 Nissan 38,399 Citroen 31,037 Toyota 33,008 Toyota 30,954

6.3 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet models, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units

Ford Focus 86,118 Ford Focus 70,099 Ford Focus 67,714 Astra 54,306 Ford Focus 55,020

Astra 81,542 Astra 65,929 Ford Fiesta 49,121 Ford Focus 53,738 Ford Fiesta 44,246

Ford Fiesta 43,656 Corsa 47,119 Astra 44,307 Ford Fiesta 44,769 Astra 43,745

Golf 41,519 Golf 42,639 Corsa 42,901 Golf 39,162 Golf 43,035

Mondeo 39,082 Mondeo 37,811 Golf 32,381 Corsa 34,596 Insignia 39,862

Corsa 39,071 Zafira 36,560 Mondeo 27,389 3-Series 28,745 Corsa 36,099

Megane 39,021 Ford Fiesta 34,479 Insignia 24,404 Insignia 28,483 3 Series 29,295

Zafira 37,493 Vectra 32,794 207 20,631 Qashqai 25,950 Qashqai 28,690

Vectra 37,020 207 26,465 Passat 19,691 Mondeo 25,670 Passat 25,107

Passat 29,574 3 Series 25,855 308 18,754 Zafira 25,351 Polo 18,097

6.4 Top 10 UK 25-plus fleet diesel models, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units

Volkswagen Ford Focus 34,255 Golf 33,148 Ford Focus 26,598 31,470 Golf 34,859 Golf

Mondeo 29,862 Mondeo 32,914 Mondeo 25,569 Insignia 25,306 Insignia 34,551

Passat 28,969 Ford Focus 32,263 Golf 21,187 Ford Focus 24,366 Ford Focus 28,212

Astra 27,012 Astra 25,534 Passat 19,117 Mondeo 23,839 3 Series 25,470

Golf 25,493 Passat 24,071 Insignia 18,489 3 Series 23,019 Astra 25,439

Vectra 20,242 Vectra 17,803 Ford Fiesta 16,205 Qashqai 19,628 Passat 24,954

Audi A4 16,953 Audi A4 17,680 Audi A3 14,724 Ford Fiesta 17,304 Qashqai 17,961

3 Series 16,315 3 Series 15,997 3 Series 14,424 Passat 17,279 Ford Fiesta 17,027

Audi A3 13,833 Citroen C4 15,056 Audi A4 14,010 Astra 15,243 Mondeo 15,744

Megane 13,609 Audi A3 14,929 308 12,634 1 Series 14,758 Audi A3 15,364

Source: SMMT

65 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 UK Fleet and Business Markets

6.5 Top 25 UK leasing companies by fleet size, 2007 – 2011

Company 2011 Fleet 2010 Fleet Parent Company

1 280,218 307,133

2 LeasePlan 130,200 123,88 LeasePlan Corporation

3 Arval 86,932 80,753 BNP Paribas

4 Lombard 70,621 85,677 Royal

5 ALD Automotive 63,561 56,502 Societe Generale

6 Alphabet 50,396 47,176 BMW AG

7 Leasing 49,437 47,700 VW Financial Services

8 ING Car Lease 48,758 47,615 ING Lease Holding

9 Mercedes-Benz Fleet Management 47,947 48,925 Mercedes-Benz Finance

10 GE Capital Fleet Solutions 43,495 48,253 General Electric Corporation

11 Arnold Clark 42,019 42,876

12 Leasedrive 35,100 15,200 Leasedrive Group

13 Hitachi Capital 34,065 30,734 Hitachi Capital

14 BT Fleet 33,083 33,283 BT Group plc

15 Inchcape Fleet Solutions 22,455 23,135

16 Citroen Contract Motoring 22,392 22,162 Banque PSA Finance

17 Zenith 22,000 19,990 Zenith Vehicle Contracts Group

18 Peugeot Contract Hire 21,164 18,327 Banque PSA Finance

19 Carillion Fleet Management 13,406 13,680 Carillion

20 Toomey 12,900 14,500 Laindon Holding

21 Pendragon Contract 12,764 13,024 Pendragon

22 Ogilvie Fleet 10,000 9,595 Ogilvie Group

23 Days Contract Hire 9,487 8,989 CEM Day

24 Venson Automotive Solutions 9,442 4,675 Premier Fleet Management

25 Grosvenor Contracts 8,992 8,842 Grosvenor Group

Source; BusinessCar BC50 2011

 Despite downsizing from 307,133 units in 2010 to 28,218 in 2011, Lex Autolease continues to dominate the country's contract hire and leasing scene – its fleet more than double the size of second-placed LeasePlan's 130,200 vehicles.

 Arval moved into third place in the table last year, its fleet rising from 80,753 units to 86,932 over the 12 month period – overtaking Lombard Vehicle Management which saw its vehicle count drop from 85,677 to 70,621 year on year.

 The integration of Alphabet's and ING Car Lease's leases will create a combined fleet of 100,000 plus, moving it into third place in the leasing table ahead of Arval.

 ALD Automotive's fleet numbers grew by 13% and some 7,000 units to 63,561 last year, consolidating its fifth place in the country's contract hire and leasing league.

66 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 UK Fleet and Business Markets

6.6 BVRLA members’ rental and contract hire fleets, 2002 – 2011

Rental fleet total size Contract hire total fleet size

LCVs HCVs LCVs HCVs Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

2002 206,006 55,454 9,721 271,181 2002 1,342,249 122,654 46,771 1,511,674

2003 163,811 37,394 16,876 218,081 2003 1,289,136 133,828 62,989 1,485,953

2004 179,753 113,058 18,239 311,050 2004 1,340,905 180,753 62,691 1,584,349

2005 179,926 103,494 27,398 310,818 2005 1,506,776 165,665 85,653 1,758,094

2006 184,195 93,872 38,974 317,041 2006 1,376,172 176,492 86,801 1,639,465

2007 208,003 78,714 52,197 338,914 2007 1,350,021 180,312 98,593 1,628,926

2008 212,378 85,694 53,530 351,602 2008 1,321,959 176,177 102,864 1,601,000

2009 196,083 109,176 28,325 333,584 2009 1,317,595 144,525 101,940 1,564,060

2010 200,146 75,666 48,604 324,416 2010 1,295,813 188,691 94,847 1,579,351

2011 198,964 77,002 38,520 314,486 2011 1,319,456 227,006 59,315 1,605,777

6.7 BVRLA members’ fleet management & finance lease fleets, 2002 – 2011

Fleet management total fleet size Finance lease total fleet size

LCVs HCVs LCVs HCVs Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

2002 430,178 20,144 46,439 496,761 2002 77,830 1,111 393 77,830

2003 432,327 18,844 12,149 463,320 2003 114,109 17,803 13,613 114,109

2004 432,384 25,097 10,994 468,475 2004 39,875 10,067 1,790 39,875

2005 358,150 30,726 14,162 403,038 2005 38,125 10,793 4,669 38,125

2006 362,852 31,241 13,518 407,611 2006 13,518 8,787 2,890 13,518

2007 324,483 39,693 15,956 380,132 2007 32,349 18,445 853 51,647

2008 322,761 39,055 23,325 385,141 2008 32,731 17,046 615 50,392

2009 324,549 38,709 21,357 384,615 2009 26,134 16,134 416 42,684

2010 181,764 58,869 22,807 263,440 2010 19,497 5,772 641 25,910

2011 204,337 70,424 8,825 283,586 2011 26,808 24,336 3,180 54,324

6.8 BVRLA members’ contract purchase/personal contracts fleets, 2002 – 2011

Contract purchase total fleet size Personal contracts total fleet size

LCVs HCVs LCVs HCVs Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total Year Cars > 3.5 > 3.5 Total tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

2002 63,837 453 4 64,294 2002 87,517 25 87,542

2003 12,048 161 12,209 2003 48,494 48,494

2004 25,848 145 25,993 2004 70,227 392 70,619

2005 26,725 917 214 27,856 2005 85,190 862 6 86,058

2006 26,910 766 27,676 2006 83,561 1,110 6 84,677

2007 25,098 714 55 25,867 2007 134,650 507 3 135,160

2008 20,060 675 60 20,795 2008 124,317 344 2 124,663

2009 16,420 657 44 17,121 2009 158,856 394 1 159,251

2010 59,168 2,191 3,620 64,979 2010 250,963 663 15 251,641

2011 19,010 2,976 109 22,095 2011 233,697 1,062 234,759

Source: British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association – BVRLA

67 Ben Book of Numbers 2012

UK Private New Car Market

7.1 UK private new car registrations; 2000 – 2011 69

7.2 UK private new car registrations top-10 marques; 2007 – 2011 70

7.3 UK private new car registrations top-10 models; 2007 – 2011 70

7.4 UK private new car registrations top-10 diesel models; 2007 – 2011 71

68 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 UK Private New Car Market

UK Private New Car Market

New car sales to the private sector settled comfortably over 1.2 million units in the early 2000s, falling steeply to 892,259 in 2008 at the onset of the credit crunch and recession.

While the introduction of the scrappage scheme, which saw 295,000 deals in 2008 and 106,000 in 2011, prevented private sales from plummeting further in 2009 and 2010 – they eventually dropped to 823,094 units the following year.

7.1 UK private new car registrations, 2000 – 2011

1,400

1,236 1,254 1,213 1,200 1,200 1,076 1,046 1,033 1,014 994 1,000 958 892 823 800 Thousand units Thousand 600

400

200 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: SMMT

Although new car sales to private customers are showing some signs of recovery in 2012, rising 10.5% to 540,232 for the January to July period, they are likely to remain well short of pre-recession levels for some considerable time to come.

While Ford continues its clear lead in private sector new car sales, Volkswagen moved into second place in 2010, stretching its lead considerably over third-placed Vauxhall in 2011 – Figure 7.2.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 69 UK Used Car Market

7.2 UK private new car registrations top-10 marques, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Franchise Units Franchise Units Franchise Units Franchise Units Franchise Units

Ford 129,010 Ford 115,735 Ford 126,498 Ford 107,829 Ford 96,802

Vauxhall 94,536 Vauxhall 78,466 Vauxhall 67,371 Volkswagen 71,635 Volkswagen 68,050

Volkswagen 72,611 Volkswagen 65,752 Volkswagen 66,358 Vauxhall 69,023 Vauxhall 59,486

Peugeot 69,238 Toyota 54,687 Toyota 64,771 Toyota 50,173 BMW 46,063

BMW 60,834 BMW 52,891 Peugeot 51,460 Peugeot 48,294 Audi 45,176

Toyota 60,607 Peugeot 52,423 BMW 50,425 Renault 45,917 Peugeot 39,839

Honda 56,292 Honda 42,317 Hyundai 48,940 BMW 45,293 Toyota 38,984

Citroen 50,987 Citroen 37,807 Honda 47,166 Hyundai 40,521 Nissan 36,395

Renault 43,515 Renault 37,658 Fiat 45,859 Honda 39,919 Honda 33,557

Mercedes 40,873 Mercedes 34,154 Nissan 40,289 Nissan 39,788 Citroen 32,043

Source: SMMT

7.3 UK private new car registrations top-10 models, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units

Ford Fiesta 55,429 Ford Fiesta 54,435 Ford Fiesta 63,717 Ford Fiesta 52,853 Ford Fiesta 47,067

Vauxhall Corsa 44,787 Vauxhall Corsa 39,325 Mini 29,644 Corsa 33,538 Corsa 32,613

Peugeot 207 37,661 Mini 28,332 Corsa 29,077 Polo 27,855 Mini 28,711

Ford Focus 36,825 Ford Focus 26,898 Golf 25,990 Mini 27,626 Polo 27,581

Mini 34,611 Peugeot 207 26,276 Toyota Yaris 24,358 Renault Clio 23,109 Ford Focus 22,791

BMW 3 Series 29,600 BMW 3 Series 22,067 Peugeot 207 23,725 Ford Focus 21,235 Golf 21,690

Renault Clio 27,471 Toyota Yaris 20,744 Hyundai I10 22,615 Astra 19,184 Fiat 500 18,732

Golf 24,887 Renault Clio 20,371 Honda Jazz 20,645 Hyundai I10 18,642 Peugeot 207 17,337

Vauxhall Astra 23,695 Polo 20,245 Ford Focus 20,023 Fiat 500 18,377 Honda Jazz 15,163

Honda Civic 23,585 Golf 19,627 Renault Clio 19,635 Golf 17,502 Vauxhall Astra 14,580

Ford Fiesta 55,429 Ford Fiesta 54,435 Ford Fiesta 63,717 Ford Fiesta 52,853 Ford Fiesta 47,067

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 70 UK Used Car Market

7.4 UK private new car registrations top-10 diesel models, 2007 – 2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units Model Units

BMW 3 Series 13,179 BMW 3 Series 11,097 BMW 1 Series 10,643 Freelander 10,423 Volkswagen Golf 11,206

Freelander 12,034 Golf 10,505 Ford Fiesta 10,137 Golf 9,417 Freelander 8,456

Golf 11,342 BMW 1 Series 9,589 Golf 9,468 Ford Fiesta 8,843 Mercedes E 7,545

Peugeot 207 9,957 Vauxhall Corsa 9,047 BMW 3 Series 8,941 Mercedes E 8,606 BMW 3 Series 7,092

Honda Cr-V 7,354 Freelander 7,451 Freelander 6,854 BMW 1 Series 8,520 Mercedes C 6,776

Range R Sport 6,864 Ford Fiesta 7,271 Audi A3 6,530 BMW 3 Series 6,976 BMW 1 Series 6,715

Ford Focus 6,667 Peugeot 207 6,759 Mercedes C 6,358 Citroen C3 6,860 Ford Fiesta 6,460

BMW 1 Series 6,573 Mercedes C 6,168 Mercedes E 6,325 Jaguar Xf 6,456 Citroen C3 6,240

Vauxhall Corsa 6,368 Ford Focus 5,513 Vauxhall Corsa 5,952 Ford Kuga 6,450 BMW 5 Series 6,025

BMW 5 Series 6,306 Audi A3 5,485 Ford Kuga 5,790 Range R Sport 6,132 Ford Focus 5,371

Source: SMMT

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 71

European and UK Aftersales Markets

8.1 UK franchised service outlets; 2003 - 2011 73

8.2 European franchised service outlets; 2003 - 2011 74

8.3 European franchised service outlets by country; 2007 - 2011 74

8.4 European franchised service outlets by marque; 2007 - 2011 75

8.5 UK franchised service outlets by marque; 2003 - 2011 76

8.6 Top 20 UK independent garages by turnover, profit and employees; 2011 77

8.7 Top 20 UK independent garages by number of outlets; 2011 77

European and UK Aftersales Market

European and UK Aftersales Market

Figures 8.1 to 8.5 show the number of franchised service outlets in throughout Europe and the UK. These represent the combined count for both main dealer and independent authorised repairers.

Europe has around 100,100 franchised service outlets comprising 54,300 main dealers and 45,800 independent repairer locations (Figure 8.2).

However, the picture in the UK is quite different. It has some 5,700 franchised service outlets – made up of 4,700 main dealer and some 1,000 independent authorised service outlets – Figure 8.5 – a very much lower independent/main dealer ratio than the European pattern.

8.1 UK franchised service outlets, 2003 – 2011

6,287

6,175 6,200 6,099 6,057 5,997 6,000 5,905 5,826 5,830 5,800 5,707

5,600

5,400

5,200

5,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: HWB International

The UK authorised repairer count rose to 6,287 in 2005 (Figure 8.1) on the appointment of independent outlets by some franchises, following the introduction of revised Block Exemption regulations. Rationalisation and fewer main dealers has seen this drop to 5,707 in 2011.

In the UK, independent authorised repairer outlets are mainly the province of volume manufacturers such as Ford, Vauxhall and Renault, but much less part of the scene for prestige marques such as Audi (9), BMW (3) or Mercedes-Benz (17).

73 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 European and UK Aftersales Market

8.2 European franchised service outlets; 2003 – 2011

106

103.7 104 103.0 102.8

102

99.9 100.1 100 99.6 98.1 98.3 98

96 95.2 Thousand outlets Thousand

94

92

90 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

8.3 European franchised service outlets by country; 2007 – 2011

Market 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Austria 3,841 3,850 4,012 3,776 3,845 Belgium/Luxembourg 3,809 3,956 3,976 3,712 3,794 Bulgaria 241 284 310 328 267 Cyprus 102 108 104 118 109 Czech Republic 1,175 1,260 1,264 1,293 1,338 Denmark 1,525 1,481 1,469 1,474 1,430 Estonia 142 140 138 144 136 Finland 1,242 1,317 1,353 1,340 1,303 France 17,015 19,992 20,795 20,820 20,540 Germany 25,272 25,481 24,802 24,745 23,573 Greece 1,719 1,708 1,711 1,739 1,742 Hungary 1,114 1,209 1,169 1,147 1,146 Ireland 942 965 935 879 822 Italy 15,436 15,603 15,138 15,196 14,743 Latvia 97 94 88 87 82 Lithuania 122 122 125 128 124 Malta 35 38 35 33 30 Netherlands 3,572 3,757 3,638 3,635 3,489 Poland 1,617 1,718 1,628 1,688 1,624 Portugal 1,708 1,656 1,721 1,748 1,696 Romania 458 650 722 756 770 Slovakia 494 484 549 541 536 Slovenia 488 567 538 534 507 Spain 8,479 8,667 8,296 8,398 8,145 Sweden 2,791 2,725 2,651 2,645 2,643 UK 6,175 5,826 5,830 5,905 5,707 Total EU27 99,611 103,658 102,997 102,809 100,141

HWB International Including Main Dealer Points

74 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 European and UK Aftersales Market

8.4 European franchised service outlets by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Alfa Romeo 2,635 2,679 2,526 2,630 2,264

Audi 4,669 4,549 3,801 4,004 3,260

BMW 1,959 2,029 1,899 1,987 1,987

Chevrolet 2,021 2,097 2,035 2,139 2,139

Chrysler Jp Ddge 1,020 1,032 967 986 986

Citroen 6,470 6,523 6,071 6,419 6,260

Dacia 926 4,072 5,277 5,570 6,905

Daihatsu 1,233 1,210 674 717 717

Fiat 6,563 6,542 6,436 6,600 6,055

Ford 6,714 6,666 6,386 6,622 5,859

Honda 1,588 1,604 1,425 1,537 1,506

Hyundai 2,215 2,324 2,195 2,324 2,324

Jaguar 446 448 426 448 448

Kia 2,092 1,822 1,727 1,847 1,847

Lancia 1,950 1,976 2,024 2,089 1,832

Land Rover 857 861 861 896 896

Lexus 334 359 333 344 351

Mazda 2,293 2,295 2,160 2,394 2,237

Mercedes Benz 2,458 2,520 2,415 3,072 2,519

Mini 1,321 1,411 1,342 1,343 1,343

Mitsubishi 2,066 2,108 1,877 1,950 1,941

Nissan 2,664 2,602 2,095 2,386 2,598

Opel/Vauxhall 6,005 5,940 5,672 5,769 5,688

Peugeot 6,518 6,784 6,524 6,771 6,674

Porsche 284 288 277 299 299

Renault 11,306 11,020 10,584 10,937 10,188

Saab 960 971 928 934 934

Seat 2,498 2,543 2,425 2,510 2,492

Skoda 3,448 3,594 3,463 3,655 3,655

Smart 749 812 854 879 879

Subaru 1,196 1,192 1,186 1,106 927

Suzuki 2,080 2,651 2,078 2,191 2,191

Toyota 2,646 2,684 2,350 2,684 2,684

Volkswagen 5,947 5,948 5,647 5,283 5,786

Volvo 1,480 1,499 1,428 1,487 1,470

Total EU27 99,611 103,655 98,368 102,809 100,141

HWB International Including Main Dealer Points

75 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 European and UK Aftersales Market

8.5 UK franchised service outlets by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Alfa Romeo 103 88 89 89 74

Audi 135 135 137 137 127

BMW 154 154 152 151 151

Chevrolet 107 116 123 123 123

Chrysler Jp Ddge 100 93 76 79 79

Citroen 274 269 260 260 251

Daihatsu 124 117 119 119 119

Fiat 217 208 221 221 206

Ford 628 618 630 640 650

Honda 205 202 194 199 194

Hyundai 165 165 165 165 165

Jaguar 102 106 107 107 107

Kia 170 143 152 152 152

Land Rover 142 144 140 140 140

Lexus 53 56 53 55 53

Mazda 175 175 174 175 174

Mercedes Benz 165 156 146 236 146

Mini 154 153 168 151 151

Mitsubishi 150 142 126 133 133

Nissan 213 190 189 197 213

Opel/Vauxhall 461 469 469 453 448

Peugeot 376 336 325 323 303

Porsche 33 32 32 32 32

Renault 345 247 289 289 291

Saab 112 116 116 109 109

Seat 128 129 126 128 136

Skoda 157 155 146 146 146

Smart 65 65 77 77 77

Subaru 103 97 95 95 31

Suzuki 158 157 157 157 157

Toyota 210 210 196 193 193

Volkswagen 253 251 252 247 247

Volvo 139 132 129 127 129

Total EU27 6,175 5,826 5,830 5,905 5,707

HWB International Including Main Dealer Points

76 Ben Book of Numbers 2012 European and UK Aftersales Market

8.6 Top 20 UK independent garages by turnover, profit and employees; 2011

Latest Latest No. Rank Company Location turnover profit staff £000’s £000’s

1 Kwik-Fit 2 Broxburn 561,242 54,598 5,081 Letchworth Stapleton's (Tyre Services) 3 303,829 8,688 1,128 2 Garden City 3 Micheldever Tyre Services Winchester 276,146 9,079 921 4 National Tyres/Autocare Stockport 118,547 11,160 1,036 5 Autocentres 4 Solihull 98,100 n/a n/a 6 County Tyre Group Bristol 50,944 153 225 7 Setyres [Southern Tyre Co] Hailsham 50,266 287 218 8 Tanvic Group Newark 41,935 2,330 233 9 McConechy's Tyre Service Ayr 40,774 42 408 10 Mr Tyre 40,024 598 168 11 Elite Garages Horsham 34,473 86 192 12 Formula One Autocentres Stevenage 31,374 589 415 13 PTA Motoring Centres Croydon 28,141 851 103 14 Bathwick Tyres Chippenham 24,882 385 188 15 Merityre Specialists Andover 24,813 925 182 16 Universal Tyre & Autocentres Dartford 24,501 148 128 17 Malvern Tyres Droitwich 21,899 490 138 18 Watling Tyres 5 Dartford 21,410 307 130 19 Exhaust Tyres and Batteries (Worcester) Worcester 18,027 1,035 152 20 Eden Tyre Sales Ripley 16,661 362 77

Source: Motor Trader Top 50 Independent Garages 2011

8.7 Top 20 UK independent garages by number of outlets; 2011

No. No. Rank Company Rank Company outlets outlets

1 Kwik-Fit 2 673 11 Merityre Spcialists 23 2 Halfords Autocentres 4 240 12 Malvern Tyres 21 Exhaust Tyres and Batteries 3 National Tyres/Autocare 222 13 20 (Worcester) 4 Stapleton's (Tyre Services) 3 112 14 Setyres [Southern Tyre Co] 17 5 Formula One Autocentres 58 15 BA Bush and Son 17 6 Mr Clutch Autocentres 51 16 Watling Tyres 5 16 7 Micheldever Tyre Services 50 17 Universal Tyre & Autocentres 15 8 McConechy's Tyre Service 49 18 Elite Garages 14 9 Bathwick Tyres 31 19 Selecta Tyre 14 10 Mr Tyre 23 20 Dexel Tyre Company 13

Source: Motor Trader Top 50 Independent Garages 2011

77 Ben Book of Numbers 2012

UK Car Finance Market

9.1 Value of new and used car POS finance markets; 2000 - 2011 79

9.2 New car consumer POS finance market, value and volume; 2007 – 2011 80

9.3 Used car consumer POS finance market, value and volume; 2007 – 2011 80

9.4 New cars bought on finance by business, value and volume; 2007 – 2011 80

9.5 Used cars bought on finance by business, value and volume; 2007 – 2011 80

CASE STUDY whiteclarkegroup.com

Another landmark back-office implementation for White Clarke Group at FGA Capital.

Greenfield start-up complete as CALMS back office goes live.

The Situation

FGA Capital made the decision to bring its retail finance operations in-house after nearly 15 years of successful cooperation with GE and lately Santander. As part of the motivation for that decision, FGA Capital saw a competitive advantage in launching a greenfield Retail Sales Centre. FGA asked White Clarke Group to participate in the necessary strategic consultancy services to help define and create a new organisation from the ground up. CALMS Contract Management System went live in record time, to the tightest immovable timescale.

The Challenge

To provide a full end-to-end solution, CMS needed to integrate fully with White Clarke’s front-office platform, creating a full end-to-end solution, supporting all new business from 1st January 2012. This involved tailoring the back office to FGA Capital’s business processes and training staff to work with new procedures – all within nine months.

The Solution

One of the advantages of WCG’s global infrastructure is the level of support that other regional centres of excellence can bring to any major project. White Clarke’s team in Australia played a significant role in the successful implementation.

The outcome

FGA Capital went live with a fully end-to-end captive finance operation, on time and on budget. Peak volumes have exceeded 8,500 contracts in one month.

“Creating a greenfield retail finance operation, completely from scratch in just nine months from concept to completion, was a remarkable achievement,” says Martin Thomas, FGA Capital. “It is testimony to White Clarke Group’s deep expertise in this sector. Customising and implementing a fully integrated back-office solution, within the same critical time constraints, completed the picture.”

Brendan Gleeson, White Clarke’s Global Sales and Marketing Director, summed up: “It has been very much a partnership project. This latest phase also underlines our back-office expertise.”

Martin Thomas, FGA Capital

LEADERS IN FINANCE TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS ATLANTA | LONDON | MUNICH | SHANGHAI | SYDNEY | TORONTO | VIENNA CASE STUDY whiteclarkegroup.com

Toyota Financial Services

Toyota Financial Services provides automotive financial services and insurance for the Toyota and Lexus brands to both dealers and consumers in the UK.

White Clarke Group assisted Toyota Financial Services, after a business strategy was agreed upon by the company’s board, in bringing the existing retail and wholesale financing operations in-house. The initial phases included business process modelling followed by an extensive software selection process.

The WhiTe CLARKe GRoUP SoLUTioN

White Clarke assisted Toyota Financial Services in managing two key stages of the project: the business process definition stage and the software selection review stage.

White Clarke was chosen because we deliver: • Deep knowledge of the captive Automotive Finance industry • extensive contributions to similar large scale projects • The ability to minimise the risk in establishing a new captive services arm

BUSiNeSS PRoCeSS DeFiNiTioN

White Clarke Group defined the business processes for the new organisation. These models provided a detailed understanding of the new processes within each business domain. in addition they provided:

• Rationale and understanding for the introduction of information systems into the business • Context for the new systems, defined in terms of specifications of business requirements • objectives for system development projects to implement business transformation

SoFTWARe SeLeCTioN PRoCeSS

During each stage of the software selection process, detailed objectives and scoring mechanisms were defined. The purpose of this approach was to provide a quantifiable, objective selection process to ensure the right solution was chosen.

BUSiNeSS BeNeFiTS

With the assistance of the White Clarke Group consultancy team, the key benefits for Toyota Financial Services of bringing the existing retail and wholesale financing operations in-house are:

• Toyota Financial Services have direct control over their own destiny • Captive finance industry knowledge transferred to new employees • improved dealer linkage • industry standard business best practices • increased customer satisfaction

Le ADeRS iN FiNANCe TeChNoLoGY SYSTeMS ATLANTA | Lo NDo N | MUNi C h | Sh A NGh A i | SYDNe Y | To R o N T o | Vi e NNA UK Car Finance Market

UK Car Finance Market

The value of new car Point of Sale finance reached £9 billion in 2003 when new car volumes reached a record 2.58 million units, falling thereafter as new car sales weakened – slipping to £6.9 billion in 2009 (Figure 9.1) as new car registrations fell to a 15-year low of 1.99 million. Used car Point of Sale finance value, which peaked at £9.4 billion in 2004, has settled between the £6 billion and £7 billion mark for several years reflecting lower used car sales since 2006.

9.1 Value of new and used car POS finance markets; 2000 - 2011

10.0 9.4 9.0 9.0 8.4 8.4 8.0 8.2 7.8 7.7 8.0 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.3 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 £ billion 4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

New Used

Source: Finance & Leasing Association

The value of both new and used car Point of Sale finance has risen since 2009 despite difficult economic circumstances. Finance & Leasing Association figures show the number of new cars bought by consumers using dealer finance rose by 1% to 522,000 in 2011. Dealer finance also helped fund 729,000 used cars, a rise of 4% over 2010.

While PCP (Personal Contract Purchase) contracts grew in 2011 to 61.1%, compared with 58.7% in 2010, hire purchase fell from 34% of the market in 2010 to 30.4% in 2011.

Dealer finance is showing encouraging gains in 2012. According to the FLA, the value of new car finance increased by 38% in Quarter 2, while the number of cars bought on finance rose by 27% compared with Quarter 2 the previous year. More than £2.2 billion was lent to consumers to fund the purchase of more than 155,000 cars.

Over the 12 months up to June 2012, 67.9% of new cars bought by consumers were purchased using finance sold in car dealerships.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 79 UK Car Finance Market

9.2 New car consumer POS finance market, value and volume; 2007 – 2011

Value of advances Number of advances Avge. advance value

£bn 000s £

2007 6.5 535 12,150

2008 6.2 514 11,983

2009 6.0 481 12,451

2010 6.6 517 12,849

2011 6.9 522 13,255

9.3 Used car consumer POS finance market, value and volume; 2007 – 2011

Value of advances Number of advances Avge. advance value

£m 000s £

2007 6.5 695 9,335

2008 6.3 690 9,182

2009 6.1 680 8,974

2010 6.5 700 9,297

2011 6.7 729 9,257

9.4 New cars bought on finance by business, value and volume; 2007 – 2011

Value of advances Number of advances Avge. advance value Direct/POS £bn 000s £

2007 6.8 514 13,202

2008 6.5 482 13,545

2009 4.9 384 12,775

2010 5.4 382 14,193

2011 5.6 378 14,851

9.5 Used cars bought on finance by business, value and volume; 2007 – 2011

Value of advances Number of advances Avge. advance value Direct/POS £bn 000s £

2007 1.1 61 17,607

2008 0.9 56 16,112

2009 0.7 48 14,066

2010 0.6 48 13,228

2011 0.7 45 14,860

Source: Finance & Leasing Association

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 80

European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.1 UK franchised main dealer outlets.; 2003 - 2011 82

10.2 European franchised main dealer outlets; 2003 - 2011 83

10.3 European franchised main dealer outlets by country; 2007 - 2011 83

10.4 European franchised main dealer outlets by marque; 2007 - 2011 84

10.5 UK franchised main dealer outlets by marque; 2007 - 2012 85

10.6 Top-50 UK franchised dealers by turnover; 2011 86

10.7 Top 20 UK franchised dealers by number of outlets; 2011 86

10.8 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by pre-tax profit 2011 87

10.9 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by return on sales; 2011 87

10.10 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by profit per employee; 2011 87

10.11 Top-20 UK non-franchised used car retailers by turnover; 2011 88

10.12 Top-20 UK non-franchised used car retailers by unit sales; 2011 88

European and UK Retail Motor Industries

European and UK Retail Motor Industries

While the number of European main dealers has fallen 5% to 54,258 since 2003 (Figure10.2), the UK's franchised main dealer count has dropped by 10.6% to 4,710 during the same period – Figure 10.1.

10.1 UK franchised main dealer outlets, 2003 – 2011

5,400 5,284 5,275 5,271 5,182 5,200 5,149

5,000 4,861

4,800 4,759 4,760 4,710

4,600

4,400

4,200

4,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: HWB international

On the European front, Opel/Vauxhall has seen the biggest fall in main dealer numbers from 4,057 in 2003 to 3,232 in 2011 – followed by Citroën and Volkswagen which reduced their main dealer outlets by 870 and 800 respectively.

In the UK, Peugeot has reduced the size of it main dealer network by 96 points, Vauxhall by 88 and Ford by 77, in contrast to Mazda (39), Kia (36) and Chevrolet (27) which have all increased their number of sales outlets.

Pendragon remains the UK's largest dealer group from a turnover point of view (£3.58 billion) followed by Sytner and Arnold Clark with £2.42 billion and £2.27 billion respectively. Mercedes-Benz Retail recorded the highest turnover of manufacturer-owned groups of £1.44 billion, ahead of the Ford Retail Group which registered sales of £0.99 billion.

Sytner heads the group table on the pre-tax profit front with £63 million, followed by Arnold Clark at £50.5 million, Inchcape Retail at £49.4 million then with £31.1 billion.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 82 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.2 European franchised main dealer outlets; 2003 – 2011

58 57.2 57 56.2 56 55.1 55.2 54.8 55 54.3 54.2 54.3 54 53.6

53 Thousand outlets Thousand

52

51

50 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

10.3 European franchised main dealer outlets by country; 2007 – 2011

Market 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Austria 2,013 2,040 2,036 1,848 1,950 Belgium/Luxembourg 2,078 2,125 2,073 1,918 2,105 Bulgaria 221 263 251 248 229 Cyprus 109 109 101 107 120 Czech Republic 934 989 983 993 1,004 Denmark 1,169 1,135 1,127 1,139 1,116 Estonia 114 118 115 112 100 Finland 938 997 956 951 965 France 6,214 6,686 6,550 6,557 6,722 Germany 13,673 13,785 13,395 13,124 13,070 Greece 1,519 1,493 1,454 1,428 1,404 Hungary 999 1,046 1,032 978 942 Ireland 888 896 874 798 738 Italy 5,759 5,758 5,670 5,614 5,558 Latvia 76 64 60 58 58 Lithuania 91 97 93 93 86 Malta 34 35 32 29 28 Netherlands 2,605 2,537 2,551 2,548 2,459 Poland 1,241 1,337 1,318 1,354 1,368 Portugal 1,439 1,377 1,422 1,375 1,383 Romania 496 718 780 787 747 Slovakia 406 424 444 444 437 Slovenia 367 425 353 352 356 Spain 4,631 5,020 4,940 4,824 4,768 Sweden 1,996 1,879 1,777 1,773 1,835 UK 5,081 4,861 4,759 4,760 4,710 Total EU (27) 55,091 56,214 55,146 54,212 54,258

HWB International

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 83 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.4 European franchised main dealer outlets by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Alfa Romeo 1,096 1,100 1,108 1,108 1,096

Audi 1,645 1,545 1,519 1,519 1,645

BMW 1,780 1,779 1,743 1,695 1,780

Chevrolet 1,775 1,844 1,909 1,909 1,775

Chrysler Jp Ddge 879 902 836 769 879

Citroen 2,384 2,405 2,371 2,371 2,384

Dacia 822 1,351 1,506 1,506 822

Daihatsu 1,148 1,171 1,004 1,004 1,148

Fiat 2,081 2,116 2,078 2,078 2,081

Ford 3,054 2,999 2,972 2,924 3,054

Honda 1,429 1,459 1,459 1,397 1,429

Hyundai 2,028 2,134 2,133 2,133 2,028

Jaguar 396 393 389 389 396

Kia 1,460 1,595 1,549 1,549 1,460

Lancia 740 780 819 819 740

Land Rover 748 682 722 722 748

Lexus 239 247 230 228 239

Mazda 1,971 1,927 1,907 1,812 1,971

Mercedes Benz 1,840 1,856 1,845 2,188 1,840

Mini 1,109 1,080 925 867 1,109

Mitsubishi 1,700 1,777 1,617 1,507 1,700

Nissan 1,788 1,737 1,748 1,759 1,788

Opel/Vauxhall 3,505 3,536 3,486 3,328 3,505

Peugeot 2,588 2,600 2,516 2,392 2,588

Porsche 255 260 260 262 255

Renault 2,725 2,777 2,536 2,536 2,725

Saab 745 752 752 635 745

Seat 1,408 1,655 1,409 1,387 1,408

Skoda 2,066 2,144 2,128 2,128 2,066

Smart 505 516 538 538 505

Subaru 777 862 868 803 777

Suzuki 1,831 1,741 1,741 1,741 1,831

Toyota 1,979 2,003 2,028 2,031 1,979

Volkswagen 3,251 3,182 3,148 2,893 3,251

Volvo 1,344 1,344 1,347 1,285 1,344 Total EU (27) 55,091 56,214 55,146 54,212 54,258

HWB International

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 84 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.5 UK franchised main dealer outlets by marque; 2007 – 2011

Marque 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Alfa Romeo 57 48 51 51 55

Audi 116 117 117 117 116

BMW 154 150 150 147 147

Chevrolet 86 97 100 100 100

Chrysler Jp Ddge 86 80 54 54 54

Citroen 210 211 197 197 188

Daihatsu 110 107 100 100 100

Fiat 171 175 165 165 170

Ford 548 342 343 337 340

Honda 195 194 194 186 182

Hyundai 153 159 159 159 159

Jaguar 95 97 94 94 94

Kia 149 114 132 132 132

Land Rover 131 129 124 124 124

Lexus 52 53 50 50 49

Mazda 159 159 158 156 156

Mercedes Benz 136 132 124 201 125

Mini 154 150 150 147 147

Mitsubishi 141 130 114 110 114

Nissan 209 180 177 185 211

Opel/Vauxhall 404 406 402 388 382

Peugeot 300 299 280 264 255

Porsche 34 33 33 32 32

Renault 256 162 180 180 179

Saab 90 89 89 71 71

Seat 112 113 110 114 121

Skoda 135 134 127 127 127

Smart 49 44 51 51 51

Subaru 84 79 76 72 76

Suzuki 147 147 147 147 147

Toyota 190 190 187 181 181

Volkswagen 224 222 216 216 216

Volvo 134 119 108 105 109

Total 5,271 4,861 4,759 4,760 4,710

HWB International

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 85 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.6 Top-50 UK franchised dealers by turnover; 20111

Rank Company Turnover £000s Rank Company Turnover £000s

1 3,575,000 26 Helston Garage Group 319,000

2 2,424,000 27 Ridgeway Group 307,906

3 Arnold Clark 2,270,808 28 Eastern Holdings 288,583

4 Inchcape Retail 2,088,900 29 John Clark Motor Group 280,643

5 Lookers plc 1,883,800 30 Hartwell plc 270,979

6 Mercedes Retail Group 1,143,079 31 Harwoods 264,207

7 Vertu Motors plc 998,926 32 Dick Lovett Group 262,000

8 Ford Retail Group 987,677 33 Hendy Group 246,029

9 911,306 34 Williams Motor Co 240,012

10 Greenhous Group 818,603 35 Lloyd Motors 237,326

11 Marshall Motor Group (e) 700,000 36 Vindis Group 234,289

12 Listers Group 695,426 37 Group 1 Automotive UK 233,240

13 JCT 600 614,845 38 Mon Motors Group 229,635

14 Robins & Day 495,927 39 Stoneacre 225,521

15 Perrys Group 433,313 40 Sinclair Motor Holdings 219,220

16 Renault Retail Group 423,449 41 Caffyns plc 201,467

17 Allen Ford 395,517 42 TC Harrison Group 197,937

18 Cambria Automobiles 392,117 43 Donnelly Bros Garages 196,800

19 Pentagon Motor Group 384,600 44 Swansway Garages 196,681

20 Benfield Motor Group 380,000 45 Johnsons Cars 192,497

21 Parks of Hamilton 345,177 46 West Way Nissan 188,573

22 Agnew Group 338,900 47 Halliwell Jones 186,741

23 Rybrook Holdings 332,624 48 CEM Day 185,073

24 RRG Group (Marubeni) 322,500 49 Peter Vardy Holdings 181,806

25 Citroën Retail Group 321,000 50 The Harratts Group 181,407

Turnover and profit based on companies’ latest audited accounts

Source: Motor Trader Top 200 (2011)

10.7 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by number of outlets; 2011

Number of Number of Rank Company main dealer Rank Company main dealer outlets outlets

1 Pendragon plc 245 11 JCT 600 41 2 Sytner Group 139 12 Mon Motors Group 40 3 Arnold Clark 139 13 Listers Group 38 4 Inchcape Retail 116 14 Robins & Day 36 5 Lookers plc 84 15 Cambria Automobiles 34 6 Jardine Motors Group 74 16 Helston Garage Group 32 7 Vertu Motors plc 69 17 Hartwell plc 30 Marshall Motor Group 61 Benfield Motor Group 29 8 Note 1 18 9 Perrys Group 45 19 Parks of Hamilton 27 10 Ford Retail Group 43 20 Eastern Holdings 27

Source: Motor Trader Top 200 (2011)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 86 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.8 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by pre-tax profit; 2011

Pre-tax Pre-tax Rank Company profit Rank Company profit £000s £000s

1 Sytner Group 63,000 11 Stoneacre 8,616 2 Arnold Clark Automobiles 50,547 12 Agnew Group 8,100 3 Inchcape Retail 49,400 13 RRG Group (Marubeni) 6,992 4 Lookers plc 31,100 14 Harwoods 6,581 5 Jardine Motors Group 14,252 15 Hartwell plc 6,416 6 Listers Group 12,394 16 Currie Group 6,317 7 JCT 600 12,308 17 Dick Lovett Group 6,200 8 Pendragon plc 11,000 18 Benfield Motor Group 6,008 9 Ford Retail Group 10,898 19 Westover Holdings 5,959 10 Helston Garage Group 10,500 20 Ridgeway Group 5,525

Source: Motor Trader Top 200 (2011)

10.9 Top-20 UK franchised dealers by return on sales; 2011

Pre- Rtn Pre- Rtn tax on tax on Rank Company Rank Company profit sales profit sales £000s % £000s %

1 Currie Group 6,317 4.1 11 Sytner Group 63,000 2.6 2 Stoneacre 8,616 3.8 12 Hodgson Newcastle 1,253 2.6 3 OMC Motor Group 1,400 3.7 13 Robinson Motor Group 4,244 2.6 4 Westover Holdings 5,959 3.5 14 Bussey & Sabberton 1,434 2.6 5 Helston Garage Group 10,500 3.3 15 Harwoods 6,581 2.5 6 Steven Eagell 1,326 3.1 16 Jacksons Bournemouth 1,651 2.5 7 FRF Motors 1,622 3.0 17 Thames Honda 930 2.5 8 Spire Automotive 4,065 3.0 18 Agnew Group 8,100 2.4 9 Yeomans 3,695 2.8 19 Hartwell plc 6,416 2.4 10 CEM Day 5,085 2.7 20 Dick Lovett Group 6,200 2.4

Source: Motor Trader Top 200 (2011)

10.10 Top-20 UK franchised dealers profit per employee; 2011

Profit per Profit per Rank Company Rank Company employee employee

1 Spire Automotive 16,457 11 Halliwell Jones 11,233 2 Currie Group 15,295 12 Wood Group 10,281 3 Helston Garage Group 13,444 13 CEM Day 10,170 4 Dick Lovett Group 13,362 14 OMC Motor Group 10,145 5 FRF Motors 12,876 15 Inchcape Retail 10,002 6 Steven Eagell 12,506 16 Robinson Motor Group 9,824 7 Sytner Group 12,409 17 Jacksons Bournemouth 9,544 8 Harwoods 11,922 18 JCT 600 9,381 9 Westover Holdings 11,459 19 Cotswold Motor Group 9,356 10 Yeomans 11,301 20 Agnew Group 9,332 Turnover and profit based on companies’ latest audited accounts

Source: Motor Trader Top 200 (2011)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 87 European and UK Retail Motor Industries

10.11 Top-20 UK non-franchised used car retailers by turnover, 2011

Turnover No. of Latest car Rank Company Location £000s outlets sales

1 Car Giant London 270,536 1 25,750 (e)

2 Rochdale 230,119 7 22,500 (e)

3 Motorpoint Derby 216,744 3 21,430

4 Carland Chertsey 200,000 (e) 6 20,000 (e)

5 Trade Sales Slough 150,000 1 16,000 (e)

6 The Car People Wakefield 98,000 2 10,429

7 Fords of Winsford Winsford 92,205 1 9,500

8 Motorhouse 2000 Cannock 88,330 2 9,250 (e)

9 Available Car Castle Donnington 62,216 1 6,500 (e)

10 Carshock Newcastle-upon-Tyne 60,000 (e) 6 6,250 (e)

11 AutoPlanet Chingford 50,000 (e) 3 5,000 (e)

12 Jefferies Farm Centre Crawley 50,000 (e) 2 8,000 (e)

13 Trade Centre Wales Neath Abbey 50,000 (e) 2 5,250 (e)

14 DC Cook Car Rotherham 50,000 (e) 2 n/a

15 Direct Cars 47,698 1 5,025 (e)

16 Ron Skinner & Sons Tredegar 47,500 (e) 1 5,000 (e)

17 Switch Car Netherton 41,323 1 4,500 (e)

18 Approved Car Finance 40,477 8 10,000

19 Economy Car Centre Mexborough 35,000 (e) 2 n/a

20 Morrison Motors Turriff 29,204 1 2,053

Source: Motor Trader Top 75 (2011)

10.12 Top 20 UK non-franchised used car retailers by unit sales, 2011

Latest car Latest car Rank Company Rank Company sales sales

1 Car Giant 25,750 11 Available Car 6,500 2 Carcraft 22,500 12 Carshock 6,250 3 Motorpoint 21,430 13 Trade Centre Wales 5,250 4 Carland 20,000 14 Direct Cars 5,025 5 Trade Sales 16,000 15 AutoPlanet 5,000 6 The Car People 10,429 16 Ron Skinner & Sons 5,000 7 Approved Car Finance 10,000 17 Switch Car 4,500 8 Fords of Winsford 9,500 18 Croyland Car Megastore 2,786 9 Motorhouse 2000 9,250 19 Eddie Wright 2,500 10 Jefferies Farm Centre 8,000 20 Stebbings Car Centre 2,500

Source: Motor Trader Top 75 (2011)

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 88

UK Motorcycle Market

11.1 UK new motorcycle and moped registrations, 2000 – 2011 90

11.2 UK new motorcycle registrations by engine size, 2007 – 2011 91

11.3 UK new motorcycle registrations by type, 2007 – 2011 91

11.4 UK new moped registrations by type, 2007 – 2011 91

11.5 UK two wheeled vehicles in use (parc), 2007 – 2011 92

11.6 UK two wheeled vehicles in use (parc) by engine size, 2001 – 2011 92

UK Motorcycle Market

UK Motorcycle Market

Similar to the new car market, motor cycle and moped registrations were strongest in the early 2000s, the former averaging 117,000 units and the latter 33,000 in the period leading up to recession.

The motorcycle industry, which did not benefit from a scrappage programme like the more fortunate new car sector, has seen its new unit sales drop markedly since 2008 – motorcycles to just 79.4000 and mopeds to 14,500 in 2011.

11.1 UK new motorcycle and moped registrations, 2000 – 2011 .

140.0 123.9 123.4 122.0 120.0 119.3

120.0 114.6 109.5 108.0 106.4

100.0 94.9 81.4 80.0 79.4

60.0 48.2 45.4 Thousand units Thousand 36.4 40.0 36.3 27.6 25.1 24.7 24.6 23.6 16.6

20.0 14.5 14.5

0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Motorcycles Mopeds

Source: Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd

2012 has seen registrations of new motorcycles and mopeds stabilise somewhat, the former slipping just 1.9% to 41,176 for the January to July period and the latter rising 6.3% to 18,998 units.

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 90 UK Motorcycle Market

11.2 UK new motorcycle registrations by engine size, 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0 - 100cc 2,737 2,082 807 516 389

101- 125cc 39,216 38,459 29,403 27,669 32,439

126 - 500cc 10,245 10,142 7,267 5,909 5,729

501 - 700cc 23,012 20,756 19,086 13,726 10,171

701 - 990cc 8,012 8,932 8,416 7,172 8,598

Over 900cc 36,734 34,251 29,941 26,406 22,076

Total 119,956 114,622 94,920 81,398 79,402

Source: Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd

11.3 UK new motorcycle registrations by type, 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Scooters 22,477 22,611 16,847 15,794 18,965

Trail/Eduro 8,607 7,302 5,396 4,686 4,059

Naked 21,930 21,455 21,299 17,838 16,835

Sport/Touring 11,021 10,091 8,338 7,518 5,084

Supersport 25,884 23,480 18,961 14,257 12,851

Touring 3,856 4,204 3,667 3,249 2,778

Custom 12,351 11,122 9,297 8,307 7,872

Adventure 12,338 13,301 10,537 9,308 10,570

Unspecified 1,492 1056 578 441 388

Total 119,956 114,622 94,920 81,398 79,402

Source: Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd

11.4 UK new moped registrations by type, 2007 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Sport 1,486 1,441 893 645 502

Scooters 22,168 22,419 14,946 13,154 13,369

Naked 840 1,094 679 653 524

Unspecified 113 138 73 72 52

Total 24,607 25,092 16,591 14,524 14,447

Source: Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 91 UK Motorcycle Market

11.5 UK two wheeled vehicles in use (parc), 2007 – 2011

1,486 1,500 1,467 1,452 1,468 1,468 1,415 1,367 1,338 1,314 1,256 1,250 1,212 1,158

1,000 Thousand units

750

500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

11.6 UK two wheeled vehicles in use (parc) by engine size, 2001 – 2011

Units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0 - 100cc 51.4 47 45.8 42 40.4

101- 125cc 221.2 230 244 248.3 261.3

126 - 500cc 219.4 214 215.4 213 212.7

501 - 700cc 295.9 290.9 297.2 290.4 283.7

701 - 990cc 158.3 155.1 157.4 154.5 155.0

Over 900cc 350.3 357.4 375.7 378.1 377.2

Motorcycles 1,296.5 1,294.4 1,335.5 1,326.3 1330.3

Mopeds 170.7 157.5 150.8 141.3 138.5

Total 1,467.2 1,451.9 1,486.3 1,467.6 1468.8

Source: Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd

Ben Book of Numbers 2012 92

Acknowlegements

BEN would like to thank the following organisations who generously agreed to their information being included in this new BEN Book of Numbers. Many thanks.

BCA Vehicle Remarketing www.bca-group.com

British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association www.bvrla.co.uk (BVRLA)

Directgov www.direct.gov.uk

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) www.dvla.gov.uk

BusinessCar www.businesscar.co.uk

European Automobile Manufacturers www.acea.be Association (ACEA)

HWB International Ltd www.hwbinternational.co.uk

International Organisation of Motor Vehicle www.oica.net Manufacturers (OICA)

Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd www.mcia.co.uk

Motor Trader www.motortrader.com

Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders www.smmt.co.uk (SMMT)

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