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Improvement on the Radio Link Reliability of Wireless M2M Application in Industrial Environment

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Improvement on the Radio Link Reliability of Wireless M2M Application in Industrial Environment Improvement on the Radio Link Reliability of Wireless M2M Application in Industrial Environment LEI SHI Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2009 Improvement on the Radio Link Reliability of Wireless M2M Application in Industrial Environment LEI SHI Master of Science Thesis performed at the Radio Communication Systems Group, KTH. June 2009 Examiner: Professor Ben Slimane KTH School of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Radio Communication Systems (RCS) TRITA-ICT-EX-2009:40 c Lei Shi, June 2009 Tryck: Universitetsservice AB Master Thesis Improvement on the radio link reliability of wireless M2M application in industrial environment by Lei Shi Adviser: Ben Slimane (KTH) Dominique Blanc (ABB Robotics) KTH - Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm, Sweden March 2009 II Abstract The study presented in this thesis is focused on the investigation of wireless application in industrial environment. The objective of this work is to provide an insight on the development of the wireless machine to machine (M2M) application, and a systematic approach for improving the application reliability on radio link level by end users. As a specific case, ABB Robotics’ Remote Service concept is examined to check whether the selection of cellular technology as its wireless access method and the choice of standard radio link components are able to satisfy the application requirement under different circumstances. Several modifications of the radio link components and topologies, e.g. repeater system, combiner, etc, are proposed for the enhancement of radio link reliability. Theoretical evaluations of these options are based on detailed radio link calculation and MATLAB simulation using propagation model dedicated for industrial environment. Furthermore, on site test is carried out to validate the theoretical evaluations. The M2M market investigation is also included in the task, in order to select the most cost-effective components from different suppliers. While walking through the radio link optimization process of the specific case, necessary information and knowledge common to all wireless M2M application are explained. In the end, in addition to a guide line for installation and other supporting documents regarding to the Remote Service, some rules of thumb available for the radio link optimization in all kinds of industrial environments are generalized and presented in the form of a flowchart, which can be beneficial for those support engineers of the application provider, who are not necessarily experts in wireless technology. Key word: Wireless M2M, Remote Service, GPRS/EDGE, HSPA, industrial environment, link budget calculation, repeater system, indoor coverage simulation. III IV Acknowledgement This master thesis has been conducted in ABB Robotics Remote Service unit in Västerås, Sweden, through the autumn of 2008 till the early spring in 2009, as part of my Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering carried out in Royal institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. The experience of the thesis work is beyond my expectation, which provides me with much practical knowledge in the joint area of automation and wireless technologies. I would like to take this chance to thank Dominique Blanc, manager of Remote Service unit for offering me such wonderful opportunity, and for him being my advisor throughout the thesis work providing me with insightful guidance, as well as many inspiring conversations. I would also like to thank Lennart Hansson and Jean Christophe for their patient help. I sincerely thank my family, especially my girl friend, for their kind understanding and support, without which I could hardly get through some of the tough times. Finally, I would like to thank Professor Ben Slimane, at the Radio Communication Systems Department at the Royal Institute of Technology for his assistance during the project and for being my examiner. Lei Shi March 2009 V VI Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background. .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 General Problem definition .............................................................................. 2 1.3. Previous work and motivation. ....................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 Wireless technologies applied in industry ..................................................... 6 2. 1 GPRS/EDGE ................................................................................................... 6 2. 2 WCDMA/ HSPA ............................................................................................. 6 2.3 802.11(Wi-Fi) ................................................................................................... 8 2.4 802.15.4 (ZigBee) ............................................................................................ 8 Chapter 3 Radio link calculation .................................................................................. 11 3.1 Signal strength vs SINR ................................................................................. 11 3.2 Link budget calculation.................................................................................. 12 3.3 Link Powers ................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Link gains....................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Link losses ..................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 4 Solution alternatives for radio link .............................................................. 17 4.1 Topologies ...................................................................................................... 17 4.1.1 Separate antenna. ................................................................................ 17 4.1.2 Service box cluster .............................................................................. 17 4.1.3 Repeater .............................................................................................. 18 4.2. Radio link components ................................................................................. 19 4.2.1 Modem ................................................................................................ 19 4.2.2 Antennas .............................................................................................. 20 4.2.3 Combiner/splitter ............................................................................. 23 4.2.4 Repeater ........................................................................................... 24 VII 4.2.5 Cables ............................................................................................... 26 4.3 Application reliability ................................................................................. 26 4.4 Cost ............................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 5 Simulation ................................................................................................... 27 5.1 System model ................................................................................................. 27 5.2 network model ............................................................................................... 28 5.2.1 Frequency reuse pattern ...................................................................... 29 5.2.2 Channel allocation .............................................................................. 30 5.3 Radio link model ............................................................................................ 31 5.3.1 Outdoor propagation models............................................................... 33 5.3.2 Indoor propagation models .............................................................. 36 5.3.3 Outdoor to indoor/indoor to outdoor penetration models ................... 39 5.4 Parameter setting for different scenarios ....................................................... 41 5.5 Simulation results........................................................................................... 47 Chapter 6 Measurements .............................................................................................. 53 6.1 Measurement tools and methods .................................................................... 53 6.1.1 TEMS Pocket ...................................................................................... 54 6.1.2 Embedded modem in Service box ...................................................... 55 6.2 Test environment ............................................................................................ 55 6.3 Test Setup and results ..................................................................................... 56 6.3.1 Signal strength survey in the production factory ................................ 56 6.3.2 Signal strength with repeater installed in the building ........................ 58 6.3.3 Combiner test ...................................................................................... 61 6.3.3 Data rate vs signal level ...................................................................... 62 Chapter 7 Solution proposals mapping ........................................................................ 65 7.1 Radio link solution description .....................................................................
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