Jeanne D'arc and the Burgundian Question
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The Rhine: Germany's River, Not Germany's Boundary
Source: E.M. Arndt, Deutschlands Fluss, aber nicht Deutschlands Gränze, English trl. UvA Talen / SPIN. the French was as bad as it was foolish. One would have The Rhine: Germany’s river, not Germany’s thought that ten years, indeed twenty years, of blindness and misfortune might have sent a little light into their dark minds boundary and brought the errants back into line, especially since the French had long ago overturned their own proof, but far from it. There are still many who behave, indeed who exhaust Ernst Moritz Arndt themselves in deductions and proofs, as if the Rhine as the border between France and Germany is something indispu- table and settled. So effective is constant repetition, and so little are most Germans – who pride themselves on their ‘The Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ is what Sully proved profundity in thought and speech – accustomed to thinking. 1600 and 1610; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ The empty echoing of foreign opinions, especially the proclaimed Richelieu in 1625 and 1635; ‘the Rhine is France’s echoing of French hocus-pocus and sophistries, has sadly natural boundary,’ declared Count d’Avaux in the 1640s at become too much of a fashion on this side of the Rhine, in Münster, in the holy places where Hermann the Cheruscan had the country where thoroughness and depth of thought is once made a dufferent typeof declaration to the Romans; ‘the supposed to reside. Given this state of affairs, especially this Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ resounded from 1670 to sad state of German minds and hearts, I consider it not super- 1700 in Louvois’ and Colbert’s speeches in Louis XIV’s council fluous to present our ancient, magnificent and holy River of state, and the court poets Boileau and Racine sang it in the Rhine, what it was, is and will be, to the good German antechamber; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ cried the people, who are confused by too many political prattlers and monsters on the Seine from 1790 to 1800. -
Meg-Army-Lists-Frankia-2019-03.Pdf
Army Lists Frankia Contents Tolosan Visigoth 419 to 621 CE Gallia Aquitania 628 to 632 CE Early Merovingian Frank 485 to 561 CE Charles Martel Frank 718 to 741 CE Burgundian 496 to 613 CE Astur-Leonese 718 to 1037 CE Provencal 496 to 639 CE Carolingian 741 to 888 CE Swabian Duchies 539 to 744 CE Charlemagne Carolingian (03) 768 to 814 CE Austrasia 562 to 639 CE Early Navarrese 778 to 1035 CE Neustria 562 to 639 CE East Frankish 888 to 933 CE Breton 580 to 1072 CE Early Medieval French 888 to 1045 CE Later Merovingian Frank 613 to 717 CE Norman 911 to 1071 CE Later Visigoth 622 to 720 CE Early Holy Roman Empire 933 to 1105 CE Version 2019.03: 31st March 2019 © Simon Hall Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists Use the army lists to create your own customised armies using the Mortem et Gloriam Army Builder. There are few general rules to follow: 1. An army must have at least 2 generals and can have no more than 4. 2. You must take at least the minimum of any troops noted, and may not go beyond the maximum of any. 3. No army may have more than two generals who are Talented or better. 4. Unless specified otherwise, all elements in a UG must be classified identically. Unless specified otherwise, if an optional characteristic is taken, it must be taken by all the elements in the UG for which that optional characteristic is available. 5. Any UGs can be downgraded by one quality grade and/or by one shooting skill representing less strong, tired or understrength troops. -
Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency
Merovingian Queens: Status, Religion, and Regency Jackie Nowakowski Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Jo Ann Moran Cruz Honors Program Chair: Professor Alison Games May 4, 2020 Nowakowski 1 Table of Contents: Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..2 Map, Genealogical Chart, Glossary……………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………7 Chapter 1: The Makings of a Merovingian Queen: Slave, Concubine, or Princess………..18 Chapter 2: Religious Authority of Queens: Intercessors and Saints………………………..35 Chapter 3: Queens as Regents: Scheming Stepmothers and Murdering Mothers-in-law....58 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………....80 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………….83 Nowakowski 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Moran Cruz for all her guidance and advice; you have helped me become a better scholar and writer. I also want to thank Professor Games for your constant enthusiasm and for creating a respectful and fun atmosphere for our seminar. Your guidance over these past two semesters have been invaluable. I am also so grateful for my classmates, who always gave me honest and constructive feedback; I have enjoyed seeing where your projects take you. Most of all, I would like to thank my family and friends for listening to me talk nonstop about a random, crazy, dysfunctional family from the sixth century. I am incredibly thankful for my parents, sister, and friends for their constant support. Thank you mom for listening to a podcast on the Merovingians so you could better understand what I am studying. You have always inspired me to work hard and I probably wouldn’t have written a thesis without you as my inspiration. I also want to thank my dad, who always supported my studies and pretended to know more about a topic than he actually did. -
1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository 1 Making a Difference in Tenth-Century Politics: King Athelstan’s Sisters and Frankish Queenship Simon MacLean (University of St Andrews) ‘The holy laws of kinship have purposed to take root among monarchs for this reason: that their tranquil spirit may bring the peace which peoples long for.’ Thus in the year 507 wrote Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths, to Clovis, king of the Franks.1 His appeal to the ideals of peace between kin was designed to avert hostilities between the Franks and the Visigoths, and drew meaning from the web of marital ties which bound together the royal dynasties of the early-sixth-century west. Theoderic himself sat at the centre of this web: he was married to Clovis’s sister, and his daughter was married to Alaric, king of the Visigoths.2 The present article is concerned with a much later period of European history, but the Ostrogothic ruler’s words nevertheless serve to introduce us to one of its central themes, namely the significance of marital alliances between dynasties. Unfortunately the tenth-century west, our present concern, had no Cassiodorus (the recorder of the king’s letter) to methodically enlighten the intricacies of its politics, but Theoderic’s sentiments were doubtless not unlike those that crossed the minds of the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish elite families who engineered an equally striking series of marital relationships among themselves just over 400 years later. In the early years of the tenth century several Anglo-Saxon royal women, all daughters of King Edward the Elder of Wessex (899-924) and sisters (or half-sisters) of his son King Athelstan (924-39), were despatched across the Channel as brides for Frankish and Saxon rulers and aristocrats. -
Early and High Middle Ages
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA General Secretariat GS-FDFA Presence Switzerland Early and High Middle Ages Overview St Maurice’s Abbey, canton of Valais, founded in the 6th century and strategically positioned at a narrow section of the valley. © Marc- André Miserez/swissinfo The period which followed on from the Roman Empire and lasted from around 500 to 1000 AD is generally referred to as the Early Middle Ages. The area covered by present-day Switzerland underwent a similar development to that of the rest of Western Europe. The earliest centuries were marked by mass migration (Barbarian Invasions). Switzerland too saw the arrival of many different settlers, each bringing their own way of life and language. Christianity, which had already been introduced by the Romans, became widespread thanks partly to the work of missionaries. The Church, together with its dioceses and monasteries, became a major landowner and enjoyed all the attendant rights over the people who lived on and worked its lands. At the same time, noble families were expanding their power base through conquests, inheritance and marriage. For a brief period the King of the Franks, Charlemagne, controlled a large swathe of Western Europe. In 800 AD, he became the first medieval ruler to be crowned Emperor. Yet, the reign of Charlemagne did not establish any real idea of state. At each level of society, relations between the strong and weak were based on personal dependencies. The emperor ruled over a network of noble families, with kings, dukes and princes constantly jostling for greater power in a bid to preserve or add to the privileges they enjoyed. -
Timeline 100 BC ‒ 44 Julius Caesar, Roman General and Writer BC 27 BC Death of Marcus T., Author on the Affairs of the Countryside 55-117 C.120 Tacitus (P
Timeline 100 BC ‒ 44 Julius Caesar, Roman general and writer BC 27 BC Death of Marcus T., author On the Affairs of the Countryside 55-117 c.120 Tacitus (P. Cornelius Tacitus) 97/98 Publication of On Germany 70 Death of Lucius Junius Columella, author of On Agriculture c.100 Mithraism appears as a cult in the Roman Empire. c.155 Martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna c.232-c.303 Porphyry, Neoplatonic philosopher 235-84 The ‘third-century crisis’ of usurpations and revolts 284-305 Reign of Emperor Diocletian 286 Empire divided between two augusti: Diocletian in the East, and Maximian in the West 301 Edict of Prices, shortly after an edict on tax-reform c.311-83 Ulfilas, missionary to the Goths, translator of the Bible into Gothic 306-37 Reign of Emperor Constantine 306 306 Constantine elected emperor ('raised to the purple’) at York 312 Battle of Milvian Bridge; Conversion of Constantine to Christianity 313 Edict of Milan 314 Council of Arles on Donatism 324 Victory over the eastern emperor Licinius; founding of Constantinople 325 Council of Niceaea on Arianism Basilica Nova¸ Rome Church of Santa Constanza, Rome c.315/c.336- St Martin, bishop of Tours 397 c. 360 Monastery of Ligugé founded c.345-402 Symmachus, senatorial aristocrat in the West c. 330-79 St Basil ‘the Great’ 357-8 Visits monks in Egypt and the Holy Land 358-9 Rule of St Basil c. 339-97 St Ambrose, bishop of Milan c. 360-after 430 John Cassian, monk, author of the Institutes and the Conferences 353/5-431 Paulinus, founder of the monastery of Nola (southern Italy) 357 Battle of Strasbourg 360-3 Reign of the pagan Emperor Julian the Apostate 363 Julian killed in the course of a Persian campaign 364-78 Reign of Emperor Valens in the East 372 Monastery of Marmoûtiers founded 376 Visigoths cross the River Danube and settle in the Roman province of Thrace 378 Valens defeated and killed by the Goths at the Battle of Adrianople. -
Press Dossier Table of Contents
Press dossier Table of contents Press release 3 KBR museum 5 Tour and scenography 8 The topics in the KBR museum 12 Five top pieces from the 18 Burgundian library Special items 22 Conservation 23 Digitisation 24 Loans 25 KBR as a meeting place 27 Partners 29 Practical information 30 Press release On 18 September 2020, the KBR museum will open its doors, inviting the public to discover a national treasure hidden for 600 years: the Library of the Dukes of Burgundy and its fabulous collection of 15th century manuscripts. With the opening of this new museum, KBR, the National Library of Belgium, is helping to revive our cultural life and establishing itself as a major cultural centre in Brussels. Due to the health measures related to the the West during his lifetime. This collection COVID-19 crisis, no more than 50 visitors per encompassed all fields of thought and included hour will be admitted to the 1,500 m2 museum the great authors of antiquity, such as Xenophon space. This means that they will enjoy the perfect and Livy, as well as medieval texts – chansons de conditions for discovering this exceptional geste, poems by Christine de Pizan etc. Attracting collection, which brings together nearly a third the best artists of his time, such as Rogier van der of the 900 volumes of the library created by the Weyden, to his court in Brussels, Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy Philip the Good. also commissioned them to produce books richly illustrated with illuminations. These are of such A rich patron of the arts, this ambitious prince high quality that the curators of the KBR museum (founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece) was state that “the most beautiful paintings of the the driving force behind the Golden Age in the Middle Ages are in books”. -
Bavaria the Bavarians Emerged in a Region North of the Alps, Originally Inhabited by the Celts, Which Had Been Part of the Roman Provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum
Bavaria The Bavarians emerged in a region north of the Alps, originally inhabited by the Celts, which had been part of the Roman provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, did not migrate from elsewhere. Rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century AD. These peoples may have included Marcomanni, Thuringians, Goths, Rugians, Heruli, and some remaining Romans. The name "Bavarian" ("Baiuvari") means "Men of Baia" which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520. Saint Boniface completed the people's conversion to Christianity in the early 8th century. Bavaria was, for the most part, unaffected by the Protestant Reformation, and even today, most of it is strongly Roman Catholic. From about 550 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the duchy of Bavaria, ending with Tassilo III who was deposed by Charlemagne. Three early dukes are named in Frankish sources: Garibald I may have been appointed to the office by the Merovingian kings and married the Lombard princess Walderada when the church forbade her to King Chlothar I in 555. Their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish over- lords. Garibald's successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the eastern frontier against the expansion of Slavs and Avars around 600. Tassilo's son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616. -
Grand Dukes of the West: the Growth of Valois Burgundy 1
GRAND DUKES OF THE WEST: THE GROWTH OF VALOIS BURGUNDY by Joni Thomas William Kokko Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honours in History Acadia University April, 2016 © Copyright by Joni Thomas William Kokko, 2016 This thesis by Joni Thomas William Kokko is accepted in its present form by the Department of History and Classics as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honours Approved by the Thesis Supervisor ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jennifer MacDonald Date Approved by the Head of the Department ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Gillian Poulter Date Approved by the Honours Committee ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Anna Redden Date ii I, Joni Thomas William Kokko, grant permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan, and distribute copies of my thesis in microfilm, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. I, however, retain the copyright in my thesis. ________________________________________________________________________ Signature of Author ________________________________________________________________________ Date iii Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my family, especially my mother, for the financial and personal support I have received during my four years at Acadia. Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Jennifer MacDonald, for her guidance and continued patience as I struggled through this thesis. Also, a special thanks to Dr. David Duke who, as second reader, helped clean up the thesis and discovered a significant mistake in the process. I would furthermore like to thank all of the professors at the History and Classics Department at Acadia whom I have had the pleasure of learning from and who have enhanced my knowledge of history. -
Bundling of Motifs in the Saga of the Nibelungs in the Early Middle Ages
Bundling of motifs in the Saga of the Nibelungs in the Early Middle Ages The topic of my presentation will be the bundling of motifs in the Saga of the Nibelungs in the Early Middle Ages, consequently, which historical events, motifs and characters have found their way into the Song of the Nibelungs, the Saga of the Nibelungs and have cooperated in its genesis. I want to focus here in most instances on the Song of the Nibelungs, otherwise my presentation should disrupt the time frame of this meeting. General remarks First of all I would like to make some general observations towards the genesis of heroic sagas. Heroic sagas did not solely exist in the lore of the Germanic tribes, but numerous peoples are known to have possessed them. Greek and Roman sagas should be borne in mind, as well as the Kirghiz Epic of Manas. It is a common denominator of all sagas to emerge at a specific point in time, that is to say during the transition from a tribal society to an emerging class society, which is connected with the genesis of a ruling class, a nation state and an administration – to put it simply, during the transition from tribal society to civilisation. Why humans on the verge of civilisation and creation of nation states exhibit such a strong need to record historical events I cannot honestly say. Perhaps it is connected with the genesis of a ruling elite in need to justify their governance or with the advent of a new feeling of coherence in society coinciding with the creation of empires and nation states. -
From Adam to Alemanni to America
This picture of an Oberholzer stained glass was sent to the OFA by Adrian Overholser, Hong Kong, which hangs on the outside of Oberholzer Inn, Oberholz Switzerland From A to A to A Page 1 From Adam to Alemanni to America ©2000Dennis Lee Oberholtzer Printed & Published by Paradise Living Publishing 49 Paradise Lane, Paradise, PA 17562 June 15, 2000 Given for usage by the Overholser Family Association 2019 From A to A to A Page 2 C O N T E N T S Stained Glass of Oberholzer Coat of Arms Cover The Beginnings of our Family 4 Early History of the Suevi (1000-500 b.c.e.) 9 Barbarian Life 15 Map of Zurich Lake & Surrounding Communities 21 Settling in Oberholtz 700-1000 C.E. 22 Hohenstauffen Dynasty 1000-1267 C.E. 30 Habsburg Dynasty 32 Events That Promoted Anabaptism 34 Swiss Independence 36 Research 45 From A to A to A Page 3 THE BEGINNINGS OF OUR FAMILY Antediluvian Percentile Chart of Known Dates F rom Year of Creation % of Weeks # of Weeks # of Years B.C.E. Years Lived 0 Biological creation of Adam 0. 0.00 0.000 4120,Eve of 1st of Tishri * 0 Start of Jubilee Calender 0. 0.00 0.000 4119.0 * 50 First Family Jubilee 2549.0 49. 4069 49 130 Seth born 7.86 6790. 130.57 3990 217 Extinct Calender in Book of Jubilees began 11,284.0 217.0 3902 216 235 Enos born 14.17 12,246. 235.5 3885 235 Men began to proclaim YHWH 12,246. -
WINE APPRECIATION GROUP BURGANDY, JANUARY 2019 Area of France: History the First Recorded Inhabitants of the A
ISLINGTON U3A – WINE APPRECIATION GROUP BURGANDY, JANUARY 2019 Area of France: History The first recorded inhabitants of the area that became Burgundy were Celts, who were eventually incorporated in the Roman Empire as Gallo-Romans. During the 4th century, the Burgundians, a Germanic people, who may have originated in Bornholm (on the Baltic Sea), settled in the western Alps. They founded the Kingdom of the Burgundians, which was conquered in the 6th century by another Germanic tribe, the Franks. Under Frankish dominion, the Kingdom of Burgundy continued for several centuries. Later, the region was divided between the Duchy of Burgundy (to the west) and the Free County of Burgundy (to the east). The Duchy of Burgundy is the better-known of the two, later becoming the French province of Burgundy, while the County of Burgundy became the French province of Franche-Comté, literally meaning free county. Burgundy's modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish Empire. In the 880s, there were four Burgundies, which were the Kingdom of Upper and Lower Burgundy, the duchy and the county. During the Middle Ages, Burgundy was home to some of the most important Western churches and monasteries, including those of Cluny, Cîteaux, and Vézelay. Cluny, founded in 910, exerted a strong influence in Europe for centuries. The first Cistercian abbey was founded in 1098 in Cîteaux. Over the next century, hundreds of Cistercian abbeys were founded throughout Europe, in a large part due to the charisma and influence of Bernard of Clairvaux. The Abbey of Fontenay, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is today the best-preserved Cistercian abbey in Burgundy.