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Patton-Inalp Voip and VDSL Deployment Patton-Inalp VoIP and VDSL Deployment IP/WAN SN4114 SN4524 Agenda VoIP Technology Technical Terms / What is VoIP? CODEC’s / Media and Signaling Standards IP and Quality of Service VoIP Carrier Applications The Provider Market and Application Segmentation Reference Networks VDSL Deployment Reach Bandwidth Network Scenarios A few Product Slides VoIP Product Overview VDSL Products G.SHDSL Product Line What is VoIP…the technology Analog or VoIP VoIP Analog or Digital voice Gateway Digital voice Gateway IP Packets with Voice Samples circuit circuit IP Network Internet Some general notes … VoIP is a widely standardized and well understood technology available for more than 10 years. The quality of VoIP depends on the compression method (CODEC) and the network conditions. It ranges from ISDN toll quality to Cell Phone (or worse) VoIP is past the technology hype today VoIP is now widely interoperable (still, be aware…) VoIP Technology: Media Standards Various CODECs are used for voice compression: Codec IP BW/Call Packet Comments Codec Rate one way Length [kb/s] [kb/s] [ms] G.711 64 96 10/20 Toll quality, full rate, lowest delay G.726 16 - 40 32 - 56 20 Free: good compromise G.729 8 24 20 Licensed: good compromise G.723 @ 6.3 6.3 17 30 Licensed: min. bandwidth GSM-EFR 12.2 - For Reference: mobile phones Use G.711 if no bandwidth limitations apply Toll Quality Low Delay Recommend G.726 for good bandwidth-quality ratio! High Quality POS support Fax over IP: watch out for this 1) Fax Bypass, G.711 2) Fax Relay, T.38 The Fax is carried in a G.711 voice The Fax tones are terminated in the channel just like a regular phone call. gateway, relayed in packet form and re-modulated at the far end. + Is interoperability with any gateway + Uses less bandwidth - Uses more bandwidth + Is reliability(offers redundancy) - Is less reliability - Is less interoperable T.30 FaxA/DFax-Relay, T.38 packets D/A T.30 Fax IP Fax Bypass, T.30 Fax over G.711, 96Kb Signalling Standards Snapshot Signaling protocols defines how VoIP equipment communicate to set-up and release telephone calls over IP networks. For example – Ring, Talk and Hang-up. H.323 The first multimedia over IP protocol Peer-to-peer, defined by the ITU, current Version is v4 Offers high interoperability between 3rd party equipment Supported in SmartNode since 1999 SIP The newest of the VoIP call control protocols Peer-to-peer, defined by IETF, looks like html, most extendable Supported in SmartNode since 2003 MGCP Master-Slave protocol for centralized Softswitch Carrier architectures Various forms NCS (Cable), H.248, Megaco MGCP/IUA is supported in SmartNode for BRI Interfaces since 2000 Telephony Terms THESE YOU HAVE TO KNOW! BRI, S0, S/T 2 B + 1 D channel > 2 voice connections E1, PRI, S2m 30 B + 1 D channel > 30 voice connections T1, PRI 23 B + 1 D channel > 23 voice connections FXS “phone jack”, 2-wire POTS interface FXO “line jack”, 2-wire POTS interface Switch ISDN 4-wires 4-wires BRI/PRI IP NT TE NT TE Switch POTS 2-wires 2-wires IP FXS FXO FXS FXO VoIP Technology and QoS IP and Quality of Service (QoS) DownStreamQoS QoS and VoIP: Where’s the Problem WAN and Access: the network bottleneck 10/100/1000 Mbit/s ~100 kbit/s - ~1Mbit/s 155/622/1000 Mbit/s Access Link Backbone LAN GigE, SDH • In the LAN QoS Issues can be solved with a clean structure an overprovisioning • In the Access and WAN Bandwidt is expensive and must be used optimally QoS and VoIP: What's the Problem (1) Jitter and Delay caused by best effort queues Link Trm delay Bandwidth 1500 byte Packet 64 kbps 187 ms VoIP 128 kbps 93 ms LAN 256 kbps 46 ms WAN Link Daten 512 kbps 23 ms 768 kbps 15 ms 1536 kbps 7.5 ms End-to-end delay should be kept bellow 200ms Delay components are Packetization delay, Tranmission delay 1 and 2, Buffering delays Jitter compensation is a major contribution to end-to-end delay. QoS and VoIP: What's the Problem (2) Packet Loss through Queue overflow LAN Backbone Access Link • All network equipment has limited queues • Data traffic (TCP) will always try to get maximum throughput • Queues should be short for real-time (voice) traffic • Packet loss is NOT critical for Data (TCP) traffic QoS und VoIP: What’s the Problem (3) Example Measurement with one VoIP call and a FTP download over a best-effort 500k Link. About 25% of the voice packets are lost at the access to the Bottleneck! Building Blocks for QoS (1) The QoS Chain in a Network Node Classifier Marker Meter Conditioner Policer Queue with Queue-Algorithm MM CC SchedulerScheduler MM CC SchedulerScheduler . SchedulerScheduler MM CC Building Blocks for QoS (2) For Example: Traffic Shaping A Shaper can limit a Traffic Class to a defined bandwidth Frees Bandwidth for real-time (voice) traffic without packet loss Improves the Performance of interactive Applications Very usefull for short connections e.g Web requests Bandwidth Bandwidth max max voice voice unused unused WWW SH Data Burst DataData Burst Burst Web-Page Web-PageWeb-Page tt QoS Standards 802.1p/Q TOS DiffServ MPLS RSVP Max. 64 8 Priority- 3 Types, Open Classification Classes, some By Application Classes 4 Precedence Administrator predefined 1 Byte in IP Using L2 3 Bit in None 1 Byte (3 + 5) Header Header or Tagging Ethernet (IPv4 Addr, in IP Header (replaces Additional Header Port) TOS) (Shim)-Label 2 Per-Hop- Behavior Requested by Behaviors Traffic Conditioning Fix Priority partially Application defined Engineering defined (TSpec) (EF, AF) Supported by Supported by Used more most In deployment Market- equipment but and more in equipment but in backbone Rarely used Penetration not widely LAN’s not widely networks used used DownStreamQoS™ • Where is the Problem • Solution • How does it Work • FAQ Problem • The Internet and many large IP networks only support best effort packet forwarding. • There is no differentiation between time critical IP packets such as VoIP and other traffic such as web pages mail etc. • If an overload situation occurs (at the network bottleneck) VoIP and other packets are discarded with the same probability. • This leads to a degradation in voice quality while other traffic is simply retransmitted and the user just experiences a slow-down Web Server Access Link Internet VoIP CPE Edge Router Solution • The network bottleneck is in most cases the subscriber access line DSL, Cable etc of ~< 2 Mb/s • Both LANs (10/100 Ethernet) and Backbone Networks (Fibre, SDH or ATM) are much Faster • In case of congestion packets are discarded at the Edge router of the Internet access provider (see previous slide) • SmartNode DownStreamQoS™ introduces a dynamic virtual bottleneck at the customer premises that starts to discard non-realtime traffic before it starts to block the voice traffic in the edge router “Virtual Bottleneck” Web Server Internet VoIP Edge Router How Does it Work • Most Data traffic (~80%) is sent using the TCP protocol. • TCP continuously increases the used bandwidth (slow-start) until the maximum throughput is reached and packets are dropped (not acknowledged by remote end) • A separate queue for TCP makes it possible to delay and if required discard traffic before the access link is full • The traffic management (scheduler) for this queue is adapted dynamically based on the bandwidth required for voice calls Smart combination of QoS and VoIP The integration of QoS Router and VoIP Gateway makes things much easier • Traffic Classes are defined at network interfaces • No tagging necessary for point-to-point links • Optimal bandwidth usage and control Classification Marking Conditioning GW GW LANQ Q LAN WAN Link VoIP Provider Applications Multiservice Broadband Access Market Segmentation Applications Reference Deplyoments Applications in the Provider Market Multi-Service Broadband Access Internet Services Voice Bind Customers through Service Differentiation Services Application Bind Customers with Bundled Services Services PSTN Cut Operation Costs through Converged Service Delivery Provider Backbone Increase ARPU Reduce churn PowerLine WLL BB Access xDSL CATV Leased Lines SmartNode Customer Premises Gateways Customer Networks Carrier Market Segments Swisscom, Alcatel, DTAG, Siemens, Telefonica, ... Huawei… Tier I Incumbent Telcos Sunrise, Cirpack, Arcor, NetCentrex … Tele2... Tier II CLECs & Large ISPs Green, Inode, Aarenet, TeleJet... Sysmaster, QIIQ, SER Tier III Small and Medium ISPs and CLECs Through Partners Patton can offer complete solutions for Tier III Patton offers CPEs for Tier I and Tier II Systems VoIP in Provider Networks Application Motivation Penetration Tier I • Carrier Trunking • Cost savings on transport • Higher than (100s SS7/E1 trunks) bandwidth expected • Long Distance • Compression • Estimated 30% do Transport VoIP trunking on • Statistical multiplexing some lines • Lower cost IP Bandwidth Tier II • Last-mile Bypass • Direct Subscriber Access • First Providers on (V5, Shared PRI) • Interconnection Toll- the market • 1st line Service Bypass • E.g. Fastweb, Inode, Green • Carrier Trunking • Differentiated Service Offering Tier III • Calling-Card • Low entry barrier • Some growing (no $1MM PSTN switch) providers • Call-Shops (sipgate, nikotel…) (Internet Cafes) • Regional Focus • many small • VoIP Termination • Short Term Revenues operators • 2nd line Service Reality Check Provider Solutions Avantel Mexico Second largest Telco in Mexico Data, VPN and VoIP Services Selected SmartNode to replace Cisco 1700 and 2600 Series Alcatel Softswitch based, Cisco SS7 interconnect Inode.at Leading Austrian
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