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Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Het Appollohuis vibe - a third type art space Wang, J. Award date: 2016 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain HET APOLLOHUIS VIBE-A THIRD TYPE ART SPACE INDUSTRY PAST & FUTURE Industry Heritage in Noord-Brabant Wang Jinxiong 0925367 Architecture, Building and Planning Department Eindhoven University of Technology Shenyang, China [email protected] HET APOLLOHUIS Former Cigar Factory ( Unknown-1921 ) This Graduation Studio deals with the complex issue of the redevelopment of industrial heritage. In Brief this studio we look at industrial heritage within the social, economic, historical and spatial context. The studio focused on a number of sites in Noord-Brabant. Noord-Brabant used to be a major industrial region with abundances of textile, food and cigar factories. Nowadays Noord-Brabant is filled with old industrial buidlings. Some of those are beautiful, most of them are unnoticeable, many are ugly. However, beautiful or ugly, they have played an important role in the development of Noord-Brabant. And together, in many different ways, they are part of the collective memory of Brabant. Today many of these buildings are vacant and slowy falling apart. Something needs to be done... There are two central themes in this studio: ·Heritage Preservation: what meaning is embodied in these buildings and how can this be integrated in a transformed building. ·Area development: what can be the role of Industrial Heritage in area development. Supervisory Committee prof.dr.ir. Jos Bosman Ir. Marcel Musch Geert Das CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. Cigar Industry & Eindhoven 1 2. Het Apollohuis 9 3. Paul Panhuysen 19 4. Visual Art & Experimental Music 25 5. Analysis of Current Situation & Concepts 31 6. Attitude Essay 39 7. New Designs of Het Apollohuis 45 8. Technical Drawings 109 Chapter 1 Cigar Industry & Eindhoven 1 Picture source:https://smhttp-ssl-39255.nexcesscdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Cigar-Making-900x598.jpg Cigar Industry & Eindhoven The cigar making industry in the Netherlands has a long last history since It was first founded in the beginning of 18th century. Cigar factories moved from the North Netherlands to the South in the second half of the 19th century and mainly settled down in Eindhoven. Then they experienced a period of rapid growth in following decades. Eindhoven used to be the cigar making center of the Netherlands. 2 1870 Eindhoven used to be of little importance to the Netherlands. Before The first stage for cigar industry was home industry, people started the 18th century, Eindhoven was destroyed and recovered time to produce cigars at their backyards and sold them directly at the after time. However, its location changed its destiny. Eindhoven front of the house. was situated geographically among Rotterdam, Antwerp, Brussels, Liege, Dusseldorf and Cologne. On one hand, the road network of Eindhoven kept expanding. A road connected Den Bosch and Liege Railways was completed in 1818, which meant more and more opportunities Waterways were coming to Eindhoven. On the other hand, the completion of Roads/Buildings Channel Eindhovensch in 1846 propelled the social economy into a Cigar Factory whole new level. City Scope 3 1900 The construction of the railway in Eindhoven further consolidated its industrial development. In this period, more and more bigger factories were established. Railways Waterways Roads/Buildings Cigar Factory City Scope 4 1922 After the first world war, cigar industry entered its second mechanical period due to the application of machines in some of its production process, which was the beginning of its second stage, the manufacturing industry. Eindhoven kept expanding over years, the surrounding villages Railways Woensel, Stratum, Tongelre and Strip were all embedded into Waterways municipality Eindhoven. Roads/Buildings Cigar Factory City Scope 5 1936 From the 18th century, radial road pattern became more and more significant for the road network of Eindhoven. Urban facilities were developed based on this pattern. Further more, the city expansion project started to devote its focus to the city periphery along the radians rather than those existing historical buildings. New housing along the radial roads in the surrounding villages were especially Railways built for workers who worked for those factories. Housing inside Waterways the city was favored by middle class and upper class families . This Roads/Buildings plan made Eindhoven become increasingly welcomed by workers. Cigar Factory City Scope 6 1952 Around 1950, cigar industry in Eindhoven region started to accompanied by the demolition of a lot of large scale factories in decline. In the Second World War most of houses and factories in order to realize the metropolitan plan for Eindhoven.The vacancy Eindhoven were destroyed because Phillips was the main target of left by those large scale factories were filled by the construction of bombing. The reconstruction began at October 1949 in order to Heuvelgalerie and master Smalle Haven afterwards. rebuild the city and further develop the traffic system at the same time. Railways Waterways One one hand, some of the factories disappeared because small Roads/Buildings home factories could not afford the reconstruction. On the other Cigar Factory hand, constructions of more social and cultural infrastructures were City Scope 7 8 Chapter 2 Het Apollohuis 9 History of Het Apollohuis Het Apollohuis was an independent and internationally oriented platform in the arts, based in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, in a former nineteenth century cigar factory. The programme was directed at all artistic disciplines and combinations of media available to artists to express themselves. It focused in particular on the developments in the areas of sound art, new music, performance art and the new media. Collaborations with other institutions and artist organizers at home and abroad occurred on a regular basis Since 1980 until 1997 it presented annually approximately 10 exhibitions and installations which featured native as well as foreign artists and about 30 concerts and performances took place in the exhibition rooms. The concert programme made cross-references to the visual arts and was focused on the spotting of new developments. Het Apollohuis frequently invited artists to prepare a work, an exhibition, an installation or a publication. As an artist-in-residence the guest-artist had an apartment, studio space and amenities at his disposal. Ever since its foundation, Het Apollohuis has also published prints, artist books, multiples, audio- cassette tapes, and developed very much as a publishing house of books, LP records and CDs. These publications supported the programme and promoted the reputation of the artists and Het Apollohuis. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the programme of Het Apollohuis diminished noticeably due to the government ending its financial support in 1992. 10 Exhibitions in Het Apollohuis Julius Rene Daniels John Blake Henk Visch 22-25.11.1984 18.4-1.5.1981 5-22.11.1981 14.2-8.3.1981 Trimpin Guy Rombouts Jim Pomeroy Guillaume Bijl 14.12.1996-16.2.1997 20.1-5.2.1984 5-14.6.1987 21.6-30.8.1985 Picture source:https:http://www.paulpanhuysen.nl/ 11 Harald Kubiczak Wolfgang Hainke The Archive Seiji Shimoda 4-27.11.1988 14.10-12.11.1989 1994 29.10.1992 Marthy St.James/Anne Wilson Jerry Hunt Norbert Walter Peters Masami Tada 24.2.1984 23.12.1988 21.10.1989 12.5.1994 Picture source:https:http://www.paulpanhuysen.nl/ 12 Picture source:https:http://www.paulpanhuysen.nl/ Andreas Techler Akio Suzuki 21.4-12.5.1991 27.11.1994 Annette Sauermann Bartolomi Ferrando/ROJO! 11.5-30.6.1996 12.11.1993 13 Developments of Het Apollohuis 1880s - Cigar factory "De Kroon", Family de Vries 1920 - An office was built in the factory,thus two Before WWII - Alexander van Gluck was the owner. van Heaften. entrances and two staircases were added. After WWII - Riddelee made soap (Acosy) here and Before 1977 - The perfume company - Perfumerie 1977 - Paul Panhuysen and Helene Panhuysen Bata shoe factory used the building as a distribution Apollo (Present Douglas Stores) bought the building. point. 1980 - Exhibitions for Visual arts and Experimental 2001 - Het Apollohuis stopped functioning because 2016 - Het Apollohuis current situation. music started. the goverment stopped financing them. 14 Het Apollohuis before 1921 15 Picture source:Helene Panhuysen 16 Reasons Why Het Apolohuis is Chosen Roman Signer Inge Mahn 5.3-30.4.1995 22.11-14.12.1986 Artists and designers can get rid of restrictions of urban work and life, and expensive rents. Besides, this former industrial factory can be made use of to serve as residential and working space. This can not only save expenses but also make more room for the exhibition of various artistic behaviors. The large windows and the spatial ground can meet requirements of artistic creation. The cheap rent can reduce their living pressure. Therefore, they choose to live in the marginalized building.