DOCSLIB.ORG

China's Economic Transition and the Woes of State Capitalism Alexander

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China's Economic Transition and the Woes of State Capitalism Alexander China’s Economic Transition and the Woes of State Capitalism Alexander Chen Grade 10 Archmere Academy December 12, 2020 1 Recent decades have been characterized by the slowly declining influence of the United States and the long-anticipated rise of China to superpower status. China’s rapid economic growth since the enactment of market-oriented reforms in 1978 has lifted more than 850 million Chinese out of extreme poverty, built an enormous export-oriented economy, and driven average Chinese incomes up.1 Yet recent drops in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth point towards a slowing export sector and an unfavorable geopolitical situation. 2 Rising wages and a severe demographic crisis are putting immense pressure on China’s export-oriented economy, which relies heavily on cheap labor. External pressures are also mounting on China’s economy; now more than ever, the West sees China’s growth as a threat. The Chinese export economy suffers from renewed hostility, trade wars, and even suspicion over the COVID-19 pandemic’s origin. All of these discouraging factors beg the question: what can China do about its economy? The reality is that the country has only one option: to place emphasis on domestic consumption and to shrink the export industries. This would transition the country’s economy closer to those of wealthy importers, such as the United States. However, increasing domestic consumption necessitates a stronger, wealthier middle class and more support for businesses; it requires freer financial institutions. Lastly, China needs a cutting-edge innovation sector that can compete with other global producers. Yet China’s authoritarian system, which suffers from wasteful government spending, corrupt elite interests, and impediments to technological growth, will most likely prevent all endeavors to transition to a domestic consumption economy. 1 W orld Bank, “China Overview.” 2 World Bank, “GDP Growth (Annual %) 2 The Decline of the Export Economy China’s economic model is extremely unique. The term that describes China best, ‘state capitalism,’ appears to be an oxymoron. The authoritarian central government coexists with a thriving market economy, a combination that appears to possess the best of two worlds: capitalist productivity and authoritarian supervision. Instead of following the Western liberal model, China believes that it has carved a new path to success. Furthermore, the country markets its state capitalism as a viable and attractive alternative to democratic capitalism. The only proof China needs is its existence: it is one of the world’s largest economies and its sphere of influence grows as each day passes. The Chinese Communist Party, or the CCP, has virtually complete control of the Chinese government. The CCP maintains its legitimacy by ensuring economic growth, which placates the Chinese population to some extent. Therefore, one of the CCP’s highest priorities is to continue economic growth and to avoid stagnation. However, in recent years China’s economy has experienced a notable slowdown. China’s GDP growth had averaged about 10 percent for many decades; in past years, annual GDP growth has slowed from a peak of 14 percent in 2004 to a low of just 6 percent in 2019. 3 This significant drop can be attributed to the now-outdated export model on which China built its fortune. Three reasons stand out for why the Chinese export sector is in decline: an incoming demographic crisis, rising wages, and external hostility. The availability of cheap labor in China decreases every year due to negative demographic trends that have plagued the country since the notorious ‘One-Child Policy’ was enacted in 1980. 4 The policy limited the number of children a couple could legally have to just one. Even after Beijing reversed the policy in late 2015, many 3 W orld Bank, “GDP Growth (Annual %)” 4 D as and N’Diaye, “End of Cheap Labor.” 3 families chose not to have a second child due to economic concerns, and rising prices around the country have left swaths of Chinese couples behind. The country’s overall birth rate declined dramatically after the enactment of the one-child policy, and the current Chinese fertility rate in 2020 is approximately 1.69 children per woman.5 Experts predict that annual Chinese population growth will continue to decline in the next few decades to the point that there soon will not be enough workers to support the aging population. 6 Also, China’s economic boom has rapidly increased worker wages, and as a consequence, many companies are outsourcing to cheaper locations such as Sri Lanka. 7 Finally, more countries in the U.S.-led coalition are taking a harder stance on China. Notably, the ongoing trade war with the U.S. adds the extra burden of tariffs on imported Chinese goods. The only remedy to a declining export economy is to transition to an economy driven by internal consumption and innovation. Recognizing the necessity of this transition, the CCP has recently unveiled a new ‘dual circulation’ economic strategy which is part of the party’s 14th Five-Year-Plan. The plan emphasizes the transition to a domestic consumption economy aimed to boost the growing middle class of roughly 400 million Chinese. More concretely, the CCP wants to lessen dependence on imports and raise per-capita GDP to match moderately developed countries such as South Korea or Israel. The plan also highlights domestic technological development as an important objective. 8 However, the feasibility of this strategy should be called into question. Given the political environment and authoritarianism prevalent in China, the plan’s ambitious goals to transition the economy will most likely never come to fruition. 5 World Bank, “Fertility Rate.” 6 M yers, Wu, and Fu, “China’s Looming Crisis.” 7 Y an, “Made in China.” 8 S utter and Sutherland, “China’s 14th Five-Year Plan.” 4 Authoritarian Barriers: Wasteful spending, SOEs, and the Elite Officialdom To transition to a domestic consumption economy, the CCP must emphasize domestic growth by allocating resources towards productive businesses and beneficial developments. However, the inefficient authoritarian nature of the CCP and its state-owned enterprises (SOEs) could impede any effort to transition. Effective resource allocation is not one of the CCP’s strengths; the party has a long record of wasteful expenditures. Although the CCP has attempted to stimulate domestic consumption and productivity by increasing internal spending, much of that spending has been wasted on useless infrastructure and clunky SOEs, rather than private enterprises and the middle class.9 Structural overinvestment plagues Chinese housing and infrastructure developments. 10 Most ghost towns formed when people moved out, but China’s ghost cities formed when no one moved in. A nationwide study in 2017 based on the China Household Finance Survey found that approximately 22.4 percent of homes in China are unoccupied; in comparison, the U.S. home vacancy rate in the same year was just 12.7 percent. 11 Regional airports and highways are also underutilized, and many Chinese provinces that borrowed huge sums of money to pay for these projects are now in severe debt.1 2 We can look towards China’s fragile real estate bubble as a partial explanation for the high vacancy rate; government-led property developers in China believe that the demand will keep going up, which will certainly not be true once the bubble bursts. The government-driven housing bubble severely hurts the average Chinese consumer. Recently, economists at Moody’s Analytics pointed out that Chinese disposable income has grown at about 10 percent annually for the past six years while household debt has grown at 9 F isher, “China’s Authoritarianism Is Dooming.” 10 M atsangou, “China’s Transitioning Economy.” 11 B lazyte, “Infographic.” 12 B uckley, “China’s New Bridges.” 5 about double the rate, and much of that debt is related to housing. The low disposable income suggests that even if Beijing transitioned China to a domestic consumption economy, consumers would not have enough to spend. 13 China’s excessive infrastructure construction vastly increases debt every year; Chris Buckley from the New York Times writes that “the cost-benefit ratio of each new mile of asphalt drops sharply.” Even worse, Oxford professor Atif Ansar examined 65 Chinese highway and rail projects in a study and found that less than a third were productive.1 4 Most of these projects are supervised on the local level, meaning that local officials have the largest stake in infrastructure. Why would officials take the risk to fund projects that are not worth their price tag? Three reasons stand out. First, officials can receive millions of dollars in various benefits for giving out contracts to certain companies, also known as bribery. They get away undetected because China possesses neither a financial disclosure system nor an effective anti-corruption practice.1 5 Second, officials can receive career benefits for building large projects, even if the projects are not economical. Third, government backing ensures that the construction companies and the local government will not default nor go bankrupt even when they are deeply in debt. 16 Simple economics shows us that supplying a service does not ensure demand. Rather than boost the middle class and businesses, the CCP wastes money on largely useless infrastructure, proving its incompetence in transitioning to a domestic consumption economy. The CCP also controls Chinese SOEs, which are a distinctive part of the Chinese economy. 17 Although SOEs have brought many jobs to the country, they are undoubtedly inefficient. SOEs, by definition, are led by the CCP and their top priority is to serve the party. 13 Cheng, “China Can No Longer.” 14 Buckley, “China’s New Bridges.” 15 C hen, “Too Long a Wait.” 16 B uckley, “China’s New Bridges.” 17 G uluzade, “China’s State-Owned Companies.” 6 This means that they have to operate under special policy burdens which can lead to contradicting objectives, hiring of redundant workers, and other wasteful consequences.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals
    Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals Wang Hongxing Key words: Chu Capitals Danyang Ying Chenying Shouying According to accurate historical documents, the capi- In view of the recent research on the civilization pro- tals of Chu State include Danyang 丹阳 of the early stage, cess of the middle reach of Yangtze River, we may infer Ying 郢 of the middle stage and Chenying 陈郢 and that Danyang ought to be a central settlement among a Shouying 寿郢 of the late stage. Archaeologically group of settlements not far away from Jingshan 荆山 speaking, Chenying and Shouying are traceable while with rice as the main crop. No matter whether there are the locations of Danyang and Yingdu 郢都 are still any remains of fosses around the central settlement, its oblivious and scholars differ on this issue. Since Chu area must be larger than ordinary sites and be of higher capitals are the political, economical and cultural cen- scale and have public amenities such as large buildings ters of Chu State, the research on Chu capitals directly or altars. The site ought to have definite functional sec- affects further study of Chu culture. tions and the cemetery ought to be divided into that of Based on previous research, I intend to summarize the aristocracy and the plebeians. The relevant docu- the exploration of Danyang, Yingdu and Shouying in ments and the unearthed inscriptions on tortoise shells recent years, review the insufficiency of the former re- from Zhouyuan 周原 saying “the viscount of Chu search and current methods and advance some personal (actually the ruler of Chu) came to inform” indicate that opinion on the locations of Chu capitals and later explo- Zhou had frequent contact and exchange with Chu.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
    Cancer Prevention Research Table of Contents June 2017 * Volume 10 * Number 6 RESEARCH ARTICLES 355 Combined Genetic Biomarkers and Betel Quid Chewing for Identifying High-Risk Group for 319 Statin Use, Serum Lipids, and Prostate Oral Cancer Occurrence Inflammation in Men with a Negative Prostate Chia-Min Chung, Chien-Hung Lee, Mu-Kuan Chen, Biopsy: Results from the REDUCE Trial Ka-Wo Lee, Cheng-Che E. Lan, Aij-Lie Kwan, Emma H. Allott, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Ming-Hsui Tsai, and Ying-Chin Ko Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland 363 A Presurgical Study of Lecithin Formulation of Green Tea Extract in Women with Early 327 Sleep Duration across the Adult Lifecourse and Breast Cancer Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study in Matteo Lazzeroni, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, Xuanwei, China Sara Gandini, Harriet Johansson, Davide Serrano, Jason Y. Wong, Bryan A. Bassig, Roel Vermeulen, Wei Hu, Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Valentina Aristarco, Bofu Ning, Wei Jie Seow, Bu-Tian Ji, Debora Macis, Serena Mora, Pietro Caldarella, George S. Downward, Hormuzd A. Katki, Gianmatteo Pagani, Giancarlo Pruneri, Antonella Riva, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Nathaniel Rothman, Giovanna Petrangolini, Paolo Morazzoni, Robert S. Chapman, and Qing Lan Andrea DeCensi, and Bernardo Bonanni 337 Bitter Melon Enhances Natural Killer–Mediated Toxicity against Head and Neck Cancer Cells Sourav Bhattacharya, Naoshad Muhammad, CORRECTION Robert Steele, Jacki Kornbluth, and Ratna B. Ray 371 Correction: New Perspectives of Curcumin 345 Bioactivity of Oral Linaclotide in Human in Cancer Prevention Colorectum for Cancer Chemoprevention David S. Weinberg, Jieru E. Lin, Nathan R.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Colours of Chinese Regimes: a Panchronic Philological Study with Historical Accounts of China
    TRAMES, 2012, 16(66/61), 3, 237–285 OFFICIAL COLOURS OF CHINESE REGIMES: A PANCHRONIC PHILOLOGICAL STUDY WITH HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF CHINA Jingyi Gao Institute of the Estonian Language, University of Tartu, and Tallinn University Abstract. The paper reports a panchronic philological study on the official colours of Chinese regimes. The historical accounts of the Chinese regimes are introduced. The official colours are summarised with philological references of archaic texts. Remarkably, it has been suggested that the official colours of the most ancient regimes should be the three primitive colours: (1) white-yellow, (2) black-grue yellow, and (3) red-yellow, instead of the simple colours. There were inconsistent historical records on the official colours of the most ancient regimes because the composite colour categories had been split. It has solved the historical problem with the linguistic theory of composite colour categories. Besides, it is concluded how the official colours were determined: At first, the official colour might be naturally determined according to the substance of the ruling population. There might be three groups of people in the Far East. (1) The developed hunter gatherers with livestock preferred the white-yellow colour of milk. (2) The farmers preferred the red-yellow colour of sun and fire. (3) The herders preferred the black-grue-yellow colour of water bodies. Later, after the Han-Chinese consolidation, the official colour could be politically determined according to the main property of the five elements in Sino-metaphysics. The red colour has been predominate in China for many reasons. Keywords: colour symbolism, official colours, national colours, five elements, philology, Chinese history, Chinese language, etymology, basic colour terms DOI: 10.3176/tr.2012.3.03 1.
    [Show full text]
  • [Hal-00921702, V2] Targeted Update -- Aggressive
    Author manuscript, published in "ESOP - 23rd European Symposium on Programming - 2014 (2014)" Targeted Update | Aggressive Memory Abstraction Beyond Common Sense and its Application on Static Numeric Analysis Zhoulai Fu ? IMDEA Software Abstract. Summarizing techniques are widely used in the reasoning of unbounded data structures. These techniques prohibit strong update unless certain restricted safety conditions are satisfied. We find that by setting and enforcing the analysis boundaries to a limited scope of pro- gram identifiers, called targets in this paper, more cases of strong update can be shown sound, not with regard to the entire heap, but with regard to the targets. We have implemented the analysis for inferring numeric properties in Java programs. The experimental results show a tangible precision enhancement compared with classical approaches while pre- serving a high scalability. Keywords: abstract interpretation, points-to analysis, abstract numeric do- main, abstract semantics, strong update 1 Introduction Static analysis of heap-manipulating programs has received much attention due to its fundamental role supporting a growing list of other analyses (Blanchet et al., 2003b; Chen et al., 2003; Fink et al., 2008). Summarizing techniques, where the heap is partitioned into finite groups,can manipulate unbounded data struc- tures through summarized dimensions (Gopan et al., 2004). These techniques hal-00921702, version 2 - 23 Jan 2014 have many possible uses in heap analyses, such as points-to analysis (Emami et al., 1994) and TVLA (Lev-Ami and Sagiv, 2000), and also have been inves- tigated as a basis underpinning the extension of classic numeric abstract do- mains to pointer-aware programs (Fu, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Bofutsushosan Improves Gut Barrier Function with a Bloom Of
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bofutsushosan improves gut barrier function with a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila and improves glucose metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity Shiho Fujisaka1*, Isao Usui1,2, Allah Nawaz1,3, Yoshiko Igarashi1, Keisuke Okabe1,4, Yukihiro Furusawa5, Shiro Watanabe6, Seiji Yamamoto7, Masakiyo Sasahara7, Yoshiyuki Watanabe1, Yoshinori Nagai8, Kunimasa Yagi1, Takashi Nakagawa 3 & Kazuyuki Tobe1* Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier function. Herein, we report that Bofutsushosan (BFT), a Japanese herbal medicine, Kampo, which has been clinically used for constipation in Asian countries, ameliorates glucose metabolism in mice with diet–induced obesity. A 16S rRNA sequence analysis of fecal samples showed that BFT dramatically increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, which was mainly associated with a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK). BFT decreased the gut permeability as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage assay, associated with increased expression of tight-junction related protein, claudin-1, in the colon. The BFT treatment group also showed signifcant decreases of the plasma endotoxin level and expression of the hepatic lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Antibiotic treatment abrogated the metabolic efects of BFT. Moreover, many of these changes could be reproduced when the cecal contents of BFT-treated donors were transferred to antibiotic-pretreated high fat diet-fed mice. These data demonstrate that BFT modifes the gut microbiota with an increase in AKK, which may contribute to improving gut barrier function and preventing metabolic endotoxemia, leading to attenuation of diet-induced infammation and glucose intolerance. Understanding the interaction between a medicine and the gut microbiota may provide insights into new pharmacological targets to improve glucose metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Proof of Investors' Binding Borrowing Constraint Appendix 2: System Of
    Appendix 1: Proof of Investors’ Binding Borrowing Constraint PROOF: Use the Kuhn-Tucker condition to check whether the collateral constraint is binding. We have h I RI I mt[mt pt ht + ht − bt ] = 0 If (11) is not binding, then mt = 0: We can write the investor’s FOC Equation (18) as: I I I I h I I I I i Ut;cI ct ;ht ;nt = bIEt (1 + it)Ut+1;cI ct+1;ht+1;nt+1 (42) At steady state, we have bI (1 + i) = 1 However from (6); we know bR (1 + i) = 1 at steady state. With parameter restrictions that bR > bI; therefore bI (1 + i) < 1; contradiction. Therefore we cannot have mt = 0: Therefore, mt > 0; and I h I RI thus we have bt = mt pt ht + ht : Q.E.D. Appendix 2: System of Steady-State Conditions This appendix lays out the system of equilibrium conditions in steady state. Y cR + prhR = + idR (43) N R R R r R R R UhR c ;h = pt UcR c ;h (44) R R R R R R UnR c ;h = −WUcR c ;h (45) 1 = bR(1 + i) (46) Y cI + phd hI + hRI + ibI = + I + prhRI (47) t N I I I h I I I h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UhI c ;h + mmp (48) I I I h I I I r h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UcI c ;h p + mmp (49) I I I [1 − bI (1 + i)]UcI c ;h = m (50) bI = mphhI (51) 26 ©International Monetary Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School Of
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 351 4th International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology and Social Science (MMETSS 2019) The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School of Diplomacy in the Warring States Period Chen Xirui The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University [email protected] Keywords: Warring States Period; Legalists; Strategists; Modern Economic and Political Activities Abstract: In the Warring States Period, the legalist theory was popular, and the style of reforming the country was permeated in the land of China. The Seven Warring States known as Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao have successively changed their laws and set the foundation for the country. The national strength hovers between the valley and school’s doctrines have accelerated the historical process of the Great Unification. The legalists laid a political foundation for the big country, constructed a power framework and formulated a complete policy. On the rule of law, the strategist further opened the gap between the powers of the country. In other words, the rule of law has created conditions for the cross-border family to seek the country and the activity of the latter has intensified the pursuit of the former. This has sparked the civilization to have a depth and breadth thinking of that period, where the need of ideology and research are crucial and necessary. This article will specifically address the background of the legalists, the background of these two generations, their historical facts and major achievements as well as the research into the practical theory that was studies during that period.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing Confucianism in Contemporary China
    TRACING CONFUCIANISM IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Ruichang Wang and Ruiping Fan Abstract: With the reform and opening policy implemented by the Chinese government since the late 1970s, mainland China has witnessed a sustained resurgence of Confucianism first in academic studies and then in social practices. This essay traces the development of this resurgence and demonstrates how the essential elements and authentic moral and intellectual resources of long-standing Confucian culture have been recovered in scholarly concerns, ordinary ideas, and everyday life activities. We first introduce how the Modern New Confucianism reappeared in mainland China in the three groups of the Chinese scholars in the Confucian studies in the 1980s and early 1990s. Then we describe how a group of innovative mainland Confucian thinkers has since the mid-1990s come of age launching new versions of Confucian thought differing from that of the overseas New Confucians and their forefathers, followed by our summary of public Confucian pursuits and activities in the mainland society in the recent decade. Finally, we provide a few concluding remarks about the difficulties encountered in the Confucian development and our general expectations for future. 1 Introduction Confucianism is not just a philosophical doctrine constructed by Confucius (551- 479BCE) and developed by his followers. It is more like a religion in the general sense. In fact, Confucius took himself as a cultural transmitter rather than a creator (cf. Analects 7.1, 7.20), inheriting the Sinic culture that had long existed before him.2 Dr. RUICHANG WANG, Professor, School of Culture & Communications, Capital university of Economics and Business. Emai: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: a Law and Economics Perspective
    Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 43 Number 2 Summer 2020 Article 3 Summer 2020 Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective Miron Mushkat Roda Mushkat Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Miron Mushkat and Roda Mushkat, Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective, 43 HASTINGS INT'L & COMP. L. Rev. 137 (2020). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol43/ iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 - Mushkat_HICLR_V43-2 (Do Not Delette) 5/1/2020 4:08 PM Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective MIRON MUSHKAT AND RODA MUSHKAT Abstract Pervasive graft, widely observed throughout Chinese history but deprived of proper outlets and suppressed in the years following the Communist Revolution, resurfaced on massive scale when partial marketization of the economy was embraced in 1978 and beyond. The authorities had endeavored to alleviate the problem, but in an uneven and less than determined fashion. The battle against corruption has greatly intensified after Xi Jinping ascended to power in 2012. The multiyear antigraft campaign that has unfolded has been carried out in an ironfisted and relentless fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Is King Ping?
    where is king ping? Asia Major (2018) 3d ser. Vol. 31.1: 1-27 chen minzhen and yuri pines Where is King Ping? The History and Historiography of the Zhou Dynasty’s Eastward Relocation abstract: This article introduces new evidence about an important, dramatic event in early Chinese history, namely the fall of the Western Zhou in 771 bc and the subsequent eastward relocation of the dynasty. The recently discovered bamboo manuscript, Xinian 繫年, now in the Tsinghua (Qinghua) University collection, presents a new account of the events, most notably the claim that for nine years (749–741 bc) there was no single king on the Zhou throne. This departs considerably from the tradi- tional story preserved in Records of the Historian (Shiji 史記). Facing this contradic- tion, scholars have opted to reinterpret Xinian so as to make it conform to Shiji. The present authors analyze the Xinian version of events and its reliability; further, we explore the reasons for the disappearance of this version from the subsequent histo- riographic tradition. It is a point of departure that addresses a broad methodological problem: how to deal with ostensible contradictions between unearthed and trans- mitted texts. keywords: Zhou, historiography, manuscripts, Shiji, Sima Qian, Western Zhou, Xinian he fall of the Western Zhou capital in 771 bc and the subsequent T relocation of the Zhou 周 dynastic center eastward, to the vicinity of Luoyang 洛陽, was one of the most dramatic events in early Chi- nese history. It was a point of no return from the period of relative stability under the dominance of the Zhou ruling house to the age of prolonged warfare and aggravating interstate conflicts that lasted for more than five centuries thereafter.
    [Show full text]
  • Xiang Yang Chen 1 CURRICULUM VITAE XIANG YANG CHEN
    Xiang Yang Chen CURRICULUM VITAE XIANG YANG CHEN Addresses: Laboratory of Neural Injury and Repair Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany P.O. Box 509 Albany, NY 12201-0509 Telephones: (518) 486-4916 (office), 486-4916 (lab); Fax: (518) 486-4910 e-mail: [email protected] PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1997-present Associate Professor, 2002-present (Adjunct Assistant Professor, 1997-2002), Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201, USA. 1995-present Research Scientist VI, 2006-present (Research Scientist V 02-06, Research Scientist IV 99-02, Research Scientist III 97-99, Research Scientist II 96-97, Research Scientist I 95-96), Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201. 1995-present Principal Investigator, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and University of New York at Albany, NY 12201. 1990-1995 Postdoctoral Research Affiliate, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201, USA. 1986-1990 Demonstrator, Dept. of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 1982-1986 Lecturer, 85-86 (Teaching Assistant, 82-85), Dept. of Physiology, Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China; Research Fellow, 82-86, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China. 1970-1977 “Bare-foot” Doctor, Dongjiang Medical Clinic, Parchen, Quensen County, Jiangsu Province, China. EDUCATION 1977-1982 B.Sc. (The highest Honors) in Physiology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 1 Xiang Yang Chen 1986-1990 Ph.D. in Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 1990-1995 Postdoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Li CHEN, Ph.D
    Li CHEN, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Communication Faculty Biography Dr. Li Chen is an Assistant Professor of Social Media and Data Analytics at Weber State University. While completing two doctoral degrees in mass communications and media arts, she has been engaged in the exploration of research methods from qualitative to quantitative to computational data analytics. Her dissertation has employed social network analysis and social media research methods to investigate the associations between celebrity culture, networked media, and social movements. Her teaching and research interests include applied data science, media and diversity, and popular communication. Before pursuing her doctoral degrees, she has been working in the Chinese media industry for seven years as a broadcasting journalist, an editor, and a media relations practitioner. Obsessed with the beautiful nature, she is in love with clouds, cats, and trees. Education Ph.D., Mass Communications, Syracuse University (2020) M.A., Media Studies, Syracuse University (2015) Ph.D., Broadcasting and Television Arts, Beijing Normal University (2011) M.A., Journalism, Nanjing University (2002) B.A., Journalism, Renmin University of China (1999) 1 Courses Taught at Weber State Comm 2010: Mass Media & Society Comm 2200: Multi-camera Production & Performance Comm 3460: Public Relations & Social Media Publications Chen, L. (2020). The US Cultural Industry. In C. Jiang, W. Sun, and M. Dai. (Eds.). The World Culture Development Report (forthcoming). (In Chinese) Liebler, C. M., Chen, L., & Peng, A. (2018). Corporeal commodification: Chinese women's bodies as advertisements. In K. Golombisky (Ed.). Feminists Perspectives on Advertising: What’s the Big Idea (pp. 165-187). Lexington Books. Liebler, C.
    [Show full text]