LIE TRANSFORMATION GROUPS and GEOMETRY 1. Introduction
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Affine Springer Fibers and Affine Deligne-Lusztig Varieties
Affine Springer Fibers and Affine Deligne-Lusztig Varieties Ulrich G¨ortz Abstract. We give a survey on the notion of affine Grassmannian, on affine Springer fibers and the purity conjecture of Goresky, Kottwitz, and MacPher- son, and on affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties and results about their dimensions in the hyperspecial and Iwahori cases. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 22E67; 20G25; 14G35. Keywords. Affine Grassmannian; affine Springer fibers; affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties. 1. Introduction These notes are based on the lectures I gave at the Workshop on Affine Flag Man- ifolds and Principal Bundles which took place in Berlin in September 2008. There are three chapters, corresponding to the main topics of the course. The first one is the construction of the affine Grassmannian and the affine flag variety, which are the ambient spaces of the varieties considered afterwards. In the following chapter we look at affine Springer fibers. They were first investigated in 1988 by Kazhdan and Lusztig [41], and played a prominent role in the recent work about the “fun- damental lemma”, culminating in the proof of the latter by Ngˆo. See Section 3.8. Finally, we study affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties, a “σ-linear variant” of affine Springer fibers over fields of positive characteristic, σ denoting the Frobenius au- tomorphism. The term “affine Deligne-Lusztig variety” was coined by Rapoport who first considered the variety structure on these sets. The sets themselves appear implicitly already much earlier in the study of twisted orbital integrals. We remark that the term “affine” in both cases is not related to the varieties in question being affine, but rather refers to the fact that these are notions defined in the context of an affine root system. -
Dynamics for Discrete Subgroups of Sl 2(C)
DYNAMICS FOR DISCRETE SUBGROUPS OF SL2(C) HEE OH Dedicated to Gregory Margulis with affection and admiration Abstract. Margulis wrote in the preface of his book Discrete subgroups of semisimple Lie groups [30]: \A number of important topics have been omitted. The most significant of these is the theory of Kleinian groups and Thurston's theory of 3-dimensional manifolds: these two theories can be united under the common title Theory of discrete subgroups of SL2(C)". In this article, we will discuss a few recent advances regarding this missing topic from his book, which were influenced by his earlier works. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Kleinian groups 2 3. Mixing and classification of N-orbit closures 10 4. Almost all results on orbit closures 13 5. Unipotent blowup and renormalizations 18 6. Interior frames and boundary frames 25 7. Rigid acylindrical groups and circular slices of Λ 27 8. Geometrically finite acylindrical hyperbolic 3-manifolds 32 9. Unipotent flows in higher dimensional hyperbolic manifolds 35 References 44 1. Introduction A discrete subgroup of PSL2(C) is called a Kleinian group. In this article, we discuss dynamics of unipotent flows on the homogeneous space Γn PSL2(C) for a Kleinian group Γ which is not necessarily a lattice of PSL2(C). Unlike the lattice case, the geometry and topology of the associated hyperbolic 3-manifold M = ΓnH3 influence both topological and measure theoretic rigidity properties of unipotent flows. Around 1984-6, Margulis settled the Oppenheim conjecture by proving that every bounded SO(2; 1)-orbit in the space SL3(Z)n SL3(R) is compact ([28], [27]). -
Material on Algebraic and Lie Groups
2 Lie groups and algebraic groups. 2.1 Basic Definitions. In this subsection we will introduce the class of groups to be studied. We first recall that a Lie group is a group that is also a differentiable manifold 1 and multiplication (x, y xy) and inverse (x x ) are C1 maps. An algebraic group is a group7! that is also an algebraic7! variety such that multi- plication and inverse are morphisms. Before we can introduce our main characters we first consider GL(n, C) as an affi ne algebraic group. Here Mn(C) denotes the space of n n matrices and GL(n, C) = g Mn(C) det(g) =) . Now Mn(C) is given the structure nf2 2 j 6 g of affi ne space C with the coordinates xij for X = [xij] . This implies that GL(n, C) is Z-open and as a variety is isomorphic with the affi ne variety 1 Mn(C) det . This implies that (GL(n, C)) = C[xij, det ]. f g O Lemma 1 If G is an algebraic group over an algebraically closed field, F , then every point in G is smooth. Proof. Let Lg : G G be given by Lgx = gx. Then Lg is an isomorphism ! 1 1 of G as an algebraic variety (Lg = Lg ). Since isomorphisms preserve the set of smooth points we see that if x G is smooth so is every element of Gx = G. 2 Proposition 2 If G is an algebraic group over an algebraically closed field F then the Z-connected components Proof. -
ADELIC VERSION of MARGULIS ARITHMETICITY THEOREM Hee Oh 1. Introduction Let R Denote the Set of All Prime Numbers Including
ADELIC VERSION OF MARGULIS ARITHMETICITY THEOREM Hee Oh Abstract. In this paper, we generalize Margulis’s S-arithmeticity theorem to the case when S can be taken as an infinite set of primes. Let R be the set of all primes including infinite one ∞ and set Q∞ = R. Let S be any subset of R. For each p ∈ S, let Gp be a connected semisimple adjoint Qp-group without any Qp-anisotropic factors and Dp ⊂ Gp(Qp) be a compact open subgroup for almost all finite prime p ∈ S. Let (GS , Dp) denote the restricted topological product of Gp(Qp)’s, p ∈ S with respect to Dp’s. Note that if S is finite, (GS , Dp) = Qp∈S Gp(Qp). We show that if Pp∈S rank Qp (Gp) ≥ 2, any irreducible lattice in (GS , Dp) is a rational lattice. We also present a criterion on the collections Gp and Dp for (GS , Dp) to admit an irreducible lattice. In addition, we describe discrete subgroups of (GA, Dp) generated by lattices in a pair of opposite horospherical subgroups. 1. Introduction Let R denote the set of all prime numbers including the infinite prime ∞ and Rf the set of finite prime numbers, i.e., Rf = R−{∞}. We set Q∞ = R. For each p ∈ R, let Gp be a non-trivial connected semisimple algebraic Qp-group and for each p ∈ Rf , let Dp be a compact open subgroup of Gp(Qp). The adele group of Gp, p ∈ R with respect to Dp, p ∈ Rf is defined to be the restricted topological product of the groups Gp(Qp) with respect to the distinguished subgroups Dp. -
A Quasideterminantal Approach to Quantized Flag Varieties
A QUASIDETERMINANTAL APPROACH TO QUANTIZED FLAG VARIETIES BY AARON LAUVE A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School—New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Mathematics Written under the direction of Vladimir Retakh & Robert L. Wilson and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2005 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION A Quasideterminantal Approach to Quantized Flag Varieties by Aaron Lauve Dissertation Director: Vladimir Retakh & Robert L. Wilson We provide an efficient, uniform means to attach flag varieties, and coordinate rings of flag varieties, to numerous noncommutative settings. Our approach is to use the quasideterminant to define a generic noncommutative flag, then specialize this flag to any specific noncommutative setting wherein an amenable determinant exists. ii Acknowledgements For finding interesting problems and worrying about my future, I extend a warm thank you to my advisor, Vladimir Retakh. For a willingness to work through even the most boring of details if it would make me feel better, I extend a warm thank you to my advisor, Robert L. Wilson. For helpful mathematical discussions during my time at Rutgers, I would like to acknowledge Earl Taft, Jacob Towber, Kia Dalili, Sasa Radomirovic, Michael Richter, and the David Nacin Memorial Lecture Series—Nacin, Weingart, Schutzer. A most heartfelt thank you is extended to 326 Wayne ST, Maria, Kia, Saˇsa,Laura, and Ray. Without your steadying influence and constant comraderie, my time at Rut- gers may have been shorter, but certainly would have been darker. Thank you. Before there was Maria and 326 Wayne ST, there were others who supported me. -
Matrix Lie Groups
Maths Seminar 2007 MATRIX LIE GROUPS Claudiu C Remsing Dept of Mathematics (Pure and Applied) Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 26 September 2007 RhodesUniv CCR 0 Maths Seminar 2007 TALK OUTLINE 1. What is a matrix Lie group ? 2. Matrices revisited. 3. Examples of matrix Lie groups. 4. Matrix Lie algebras. 5. A glimpse at elementary Lie theory. 6. Life beyond elementary Lie theory. RhodesUniv CCR 1 Maths Seminar 2007 1. What is a matrix Lie group ? Matrix Lie groups are groups of invertible • matrices that have desirable geometric features. So matrix Lie groups are simultaneously algebraic and geometric objects. Matrix Lie groups naturally arise in • – geometry (classical, algebraic, differential) – complex analyis – differential equations – Fourier analysis – algebra (group theory, ring theory) – number theory – combinatorics. RhodesUniv CCR 2 Maths Seminar 2007 Matrix Lie groups are encountered in many • applications in – physics (geometric mechanics, quantum con- trol) – engineering (motion control, robotics) – computational chemistry (molecular mo- tion) – computer science (computer animation, computer vision, quantum computation). “It turns out that matrix [Lie] groups • pop up in virtually any investigation of objects with symmetries, such as molecules in chemistry, particles in physics, and projective spaces in geometry”. (K. Tapp, 2005) RhodesUniv CCR 3 Maths Seminar 2007 EXAMPLE 1 : The Euclidean group E (2). • E (2) = F : R2 R2 F is an isometry . → | n o The vector space R2 is equipped with the standard Euclidean structure (the “dot product”) x y = x y + x y (x, y R2), • 1 1 2 2 ∈ hence with the Euclidean distance d (x, y) = (y x) (y x) (x, y R2). -
Arxiv:1507.08163V2 [Math.DG] 10 Nov 2015 Ainld C´Ordoba)
GEOMETRIC FLOWS AND THEIR SOLITONS ON HOMOGENEOUS SPACES JORGE LAURET Dedicated to Sergio. Abstract. We develop a general approach to study geometric flows on homogeneous spaces. Our main tool will be a dynamical system defined on the variety of Lie algebras called the bracket flow, which coincides with the original geometric flow after a natural change of variables. The advantage of using this method relies on the fact that the possible pointed (or Cheeger-Gromov) limits of solutions, as well as self-similar solutions or soliton structures, can be much better visualized. The approach has already been worked out in the Ricci flow case and for general curvature flows of almost-hermitian structures on Lie groups. This paper is intended as an attempt to motivate the use of the method on homogeneous spaces for any flow of geometric structures under minimal natural assumptions. As a novel application, we find a closed G2-structure on a nilpotent Lie group which is an expanding soliton for the Laplacian flow and is not an eigenvector. Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Geometric flows on homogeneous spaces 2 1.2. Bracket flow 3 1.3. Solitons 4 2. Some linear algebra related to geometric structures 5 3. The space of homogeneous spaces 8 3.1. Varying Lie brackets viewpoint 8 3.2. Invariant geometric structures 9 3.3. Degenerations and pinching conditions 11 3.4. Convergence 12 4. Geometric flows 13 arXiv:1507.08163v2 [math.DG] 10 Nov 2015 4.1. Bracket flow 14 4.2. Evolution of the bracket norm 18 4.3. -
Topics on the Geometry of Homogeneous Spaces
TOPICS ON THE GEOMETRY OF HOMOGENEOUS SPACES LAURENT MANIVEL Abstract. This is a survey paper about a selection of results in complex algebraic geometry that appeared in the recent and less recent litterature, and in which rational homogeneous spaces play a prominent r^ole.This selection is largely arbitrary and mainly reflects the interests of the author. Rational homogeneous varieties are very special projective varieties, which ap- pear in a variety of circumstances as exhibiting extremal behavior. In the quite re- cent years, a series of very interesting examples of pairs (sometimes called Fourier- Mukai partners) of derived equivalent, but not isomorphic, and even non bira- tionally equivalent manifolds have been discovered by several authors, starting from the special geometry of certain homogeneous spaces. We will not discuss derived categories and will not describe these derived equivalences: this would require more sophisticated tools and much ampler discussions. Neither will we say much about Homological Projective Duality, which can be considered as the unifying thread of all these apparently disparate examples. Our much more modest goal will be to describe their geometry, starting from the ambient homogeneous spaces. In order to do so, we will have to explain how one can approach homogeneous spaces just playing with Dynkin diagram, without knowing much about Lie the- ory. In particular we will explain how to describe the VMRT (variety of minimal rational tangents) of a generalized Grassmannian. This will show us how to com- pute the index of these varieties, remind us of their importance in the classification problem of Fano manifolds, in rigidity questions, and also, will explain their close relationships with prehomogeneous vector spaces. -
LECTURE 12: LIE GROUPS and THEIR LIE ALGEBRAS 1. Lie
LECTURE 12: LIE GROUPS AND THEIR LIE ALGEBRAS 1. Lie groups Definition 1.1. A Lie group G is a smooth manifold equipped with a group structure so that the group multiplication µ : G × G ! G; (g1; g2) 7! g1 · g2 is a smooth map. Example. Here are some basic examples: • Rn, considered as a group under addition. • R∗ = R − f0g, considered as a group under multiplication. • S1, Considered as a group under multiplication. • Linear Lie groups GL(n; R), SL(n; R), O(n) etc. • If M and N are Lie groups, so is their product M × N. Remarks. (1) (Hilbert's 5th problem, [Gleason and Montgomery-Zippin, 1950's]) Any topological group whose underlying space is a topological manifold is a Lie group. (2) Not every smooth manifold admits a Lie group structure. For example, the only spheres that admit a Lie group structure are S0, S1 and S3; among all the compact 2 dimensional surfaces the only one that admits a Lie group structure is T 2 = S1 × S1. (3) Here are two simple topological constraints for a manifold to be a Lie group: • If G is a Lie group, then TG is a trivial bundle. n { Proof: We identify TeG = R . The vector bundle isomorphism is given by φ : G × TeG ! T G; φ(x; ξ) = (x; dLx(ξ)) • If G is a Lie group, then π1(G) is an abelian group. { Proof: Suppose α1, α2 2 π1(G). Define α : [0; 1] × [0; 1] ! G by α(t1; t2) = α1(t1) · α2(t2). Then along the bottom edge followed by the right edge we have the composition α1 ◦ α2, where ◦ is the product of loops in the fundamental group, while along the left edge followed by the top edge we get α2 ◦ α1. -
Lie Group and Geometry on the Lie Group SL2(R)
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR Lie group and Geometry on the Lie Group SL2(R) PROJECT REPORT – SEMESTER IV MOUSUMI MALICK 2-YEARS MSc(2011-2012) Guided by –Prof.DEBAPRIYA BISWAS Lie group and Geometry on the Lie Group SL2(R) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled “Lie group and Geometry on the Lie group SL2(R)” being submitted by Mousumi Malick Roll no.-10MA40017, Department of Mathematics is a survey of some beautiful results in Lie groups and its geometry and this has been carried out under my supervision. Dr. Debapriya Biswas Department of Mathematics Date- Indian Institute of Technology Khargpur 1 Lie group and Geometry on the Lie Group SL2(R) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Debapriya Biswas for her help and guidance in preparing this project. Thanks are also due to the other professor of this department for their constant encouragement. Date- place-IIT Kharagpur Mousumi Malick 2 Lie group and Geometry on the Lie Group SL2(R) CONTENTS 1.Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 2.Definition of general linear group: ............................................................... 5 3.Definition of a general Lie group:................................................................... 5 4.Definition of group action: ............................................................................. 5 5. Definition of orbit under a group action: ...................................................... 5 6.1.The general linear -
On the Third-Degree Continuous Cohomology of Simple Lie Groups 2
ON THE THIRD-DEGREE CONTINUOUS COHOMOLOGY OF SIMPLE LIE GROUPS CARLOS DE LA CRUZ MENGUAL ABSTRACT. We show that the class of connected, simple Lie groups that have non-vanishing third-degree continuous cohomology with trivial ℝ-coefficients consists precisely of all simple §ℝ complex Lie groups and of SL2( ). 1. INTRODUCTION ∙ Continuous cohomology Hc is an invariant of topological groups, defined in an analogous fashion to the ordinary group cohomology, but with the additional assumption that cochains— with values in a topological group-module as coefficient space—are continuous. A basic refer- ence in the subject is the book by Borel–Wallach [1], while a concise survey by Stasheff [12] provides an overview of the theory, its relations to other cohomology theories for topological groups, and some interpretations of algebraic nature for low-degree cohomology classes. In the case of connected, (semi)simple Lie groups and trivial real coefficients, continuous cohomology is also known to successfully detect geometric information. For example, the situ- ation for degree two is well understood: Let G be a connected, non-compact, simple Lie group 2 ℝ with finite center. Then Hc(G; ) ≠ 0 if and only G is of Hermitian type, i.e. if its associated symmetric space of non-compact type admits a G-invariant complex structure. If that is the case, 2 ℝ Hc(G; ) is one-dimensional, and explicit continuous 2-cocycles were produced by Guichardet– Wigner in [6] as an obstruction to extending to G a homomorphism K → S1, where K<G is a maximal compact subgroup. The goal of this note is to clarify a similar geometric interpretation of the third-degree con- tinuous cohomology of simple Lie groups. -
Twisted Loop Groups and Their Affine Flag Varieties
TWISTED LOOP GROUPS AND THEIR AFFINE FLAG VARIETIES G. PAPPAS* AND M. RAPOPORT Introduction Loop groups are familiar objects in several branches of mathematics. Let us mention here three variants. The first variant is differential-geometric in nature. One starts with a Lie group G (e.g., a compact Lie group or its complexification). The associated loop group is then the group of (C0-, or C1-, or C∞-) maps of S1 into G, cf. [P-S] and the literature cited there. A twisted version arises from an automorphism α of G. The associated twisted loop group is the group of maps γ : R → G such that γ(θ + 2π) = α(γ(θ)) . The second variant is algebraic and arises in the context of Kac-Moody algebras. Here one constructs an infinite-dimensional algebraic group variety with Lie algebra equal or closely related to a given Kac-Moody algebra. (This statement is an oversimplification and the situation is in fact more complicated: there exist various constructions at a formal, a minimal, and a maximal level which produce infinite-dimensional groups with Lie algebras closely related to the given Kac-Moody Lie algebra, see [Ma2], also [T2], [T3] and the literature cited there). The third variant is algebraic-geometric in nature and is our main concern in this paper. Let us recall the basic definitions in the untwisted case. Let k be a field and let G0 be an algebraic group over Spec (k). We consider the functor LG0 on the category of k-algebras, R 7→ LG0(R) = G0(R((t))).