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Facebook Engagement on College Students' Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Functioning Scott .S Deatherage Purdue University

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Facebook Engagement on College Students' Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Functioning Scott .S Deatherage Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 8-2016 Facebook engagement on college students' interpersonal and intrapersonal functioning Scott .S Deatherage Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Deatherage, Scott .,S "Facebook engagement on college students' interpersonal and intrapersonal functioning" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 748. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/748 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30Updated1212612015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Scott S. Deatherage Entitled F ACEBOOK ENGAGEMENT ON COLLEGE STUDENTS' INTERPERSONAL & INTRAPERSONAL FUNCTIONING For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Heather L. Servaty-Seib, Ph.D. Reyno! Junco, Ed.D. Chair Eric D. Deemer, Ph.D. Christopher D. Slaten, Ph.D. Susan L. Prieto-Welch, Ph.D. To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University's "Policy of Integrity in Research" and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Heather L. Servaty-Seib, Ph.D. Approved by: Ala Sumarpungavan, Ph.D. 2/3/2015 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date FACEBOOK ENGAGEMENT ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL FUNCTIONING A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Scott S. Deatherage In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii For my wife, who hates me less than she should. And for our children, who I hope will never know the ambivalence of a dissertation (unless the really want to). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 Overview of the Problem .........................................................................................1 Importance of the Present Study ..............................................................................8 Statement of Purpose ...............................................................................................9 Terminology and Concepts ....................................................................................11 Relevance to Counseling Psychology ....................................................................12 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................15 Emerging Adult and College Student Development Theory .................................16 College Students and Facebook .............................................................................23 The “What” of Facebook Engagement ..................................................................30 The “Who” of Facebook Engagement ...................................................................35 The “Why” of Facebook Engagement ...................................................................40 Self-Determination Theory of Motivation .............................................................49 Summary and Critique of the Facebook Literature ................................................55 Research Questions and Hypotheses .....................................................................59 CHAPTER III. METHOD .................................................................................................62 Participants .............................................................................................................62 Measures ................................................................................................................65 Procedure ...............................................................................................................74 CHAPTER IV. RESULTS .................................................................................................76 Data Screening .......................................................................................................76 Preliminary Analyses .............................................................................................80 Primary Analyses ...................................................................................................87 CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION ..........................................................................................118 Primary Study Findings .......................................................................................119 Contributions to the Literature .............................................................................141 Clinical Implications ............................................................................................144 Limitations ...........................................................................................................148 Future Research ...................................................................................................153 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................158 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................161 APPENDICES Appendix A The Facebook Website ..................................................................183 Appendix B Demographic & Background Questionnaire ..................................187 iv Appendix C Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults—Short ...........189 Appendix D Social Connectedness Scale ..........................................................190 Appendix E Identity Distress Scale ....................................................................191 Appendix F Satisfaction with Life Scale ...........................................................192 Appendix G Big Five Inventory (Conscientiousness Subscale) .........................193 Appendix H Facebook Activity Measure ...........................................................194 Appendix I Facebook Motives Questionnaire ..................................................196 Appendix J Motives for Facebook Survey (Escapism Subscale) ......................197 Appendix K Purdue University Recruitment Email ..........................................198 Appendix L Information Letter .........................................................................199 Appendix M Purdue University Follow-Up Email ............................................201 Appendix N Preliminary Analyses (MANOVA Results) ...................................202 VITA ................................................................................................................................206 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1. Significant Associations with Facebook Activities Found in the Literature ......32 Table 2. Significant Associations with Facebook Users Found in the Literature ..............36 Table 3. Significant Associations with Facebook Motivations Found in the Literature ..43 Table 4. Comparison of Sample and Institution Demographics .......................................64 Table 5. Summary of Assessed Variables..........................................................................66 Table 6. Summary of Removed Cases from 328 Respondents .........................................78 Table 7. Descriptive Statistics for Primary Study Variables .............................................82 Table 8. Bivariate Correlations of Primary Study Variables ............................................84 Table 9. Bivariate Correlations among Demographic Variables and DVs .......................86 Table 10. Summary of Variables Predicting Social Connectedness .................................90 Table 11. Summary of Variables Predicting Life-satisfaction ..........................................92 Table 12. Summary of Variables Predicting Loneliness ..................................................94 Table 13. Summary of Variables Predicting Identity Distress .........................................96 Table 14. Summary of Hypotheses Testing ......................................................................96 Table 15. Summary of Variables Predicting Conscientiousness ......................................98 Table 16. Combined Regression Results for all DVs ......................................................100 Table 17. Canonical Solution for Facebook Motivations Predicting Facebook Activities for Significant Functions .................................................................................106 Table 18. Summary of Canonical Variates Predicting Social Connectedness.................112 Table 19. Summary of Canonical Variates Predicting
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