Germaine Richier

GERMAINE RICHIER

February 27 - April 12, 2014

Tuesday - Saturday, 10am - 6pm Mondays by appointment

909 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10021

+1 212 772 2004 +1 212 812 2902 View of the exhibition Germaine Richier at Dominique Lévy Gallery and Galerie Perrotin, New York, from February 27 to April 12, 2014.

GERMAINE RICHIER February 27 – April 12, 2014 Dominique Lévy Gallery / Galerie Perrotin, New York

Dominique Lévy and Galerie Perrotin jointly present the first the Kunstmuseum Bern in Switzerland, as well as American exhibition in half a century devoted to the work of “Giacometti, Marini, Richier: The Tortured Figure” at Musée seminal postwar French artist Germaine Richier (1902 – 1959). Cantonal des Beaux-Arts of Lausanne in Switzerland.

On view in the landmark building at 909 Madison Avenue Germaine Richier has been organized with the support of where both galleries reside, Germaine Richier presents the artist’s family. The exhibition is accompanied by a fully more than forty important sculptures ranging from early illustrated catalogue, one of the first scholarly studies of the torsos and figures, to startling hybrids of humans crossed artist’s work ever published in the United States. Researched with bats, toads, spiders, and vegetal organisms, that and edited by Jennifer Buonocore and Clara Touboul, with brought the artist international recognition before her un- support from Daphné Valroff, the book features original timely death at the age of 57. The exhibition traces the essays by Sarah Wilson and Anna Swinbourne. It also re- evolution of a defiantly independent vision and the artistic produces a 1953 text by André Pieyre de Mandiargues, trajectory of a woman whose life was imprinted indelibly by never before translated in English, as well as important ar- two World Wars; who began her career in the studio of chival documents from the Germaine Richier Estate. Antoine Bourdelle; and who went on to break convention and leave a vivid mark on the history of Modern art. In addition to works coming from the Germaine Richier Estate, loans from American and European private collec- The exhibition complements Richier’s sculptures with a tions contribute to an in-depth examination of Richier’s selection of photographs by her contemporary Brassaï, who oeuvre, which defies easy classification.Germaine Richier documented the artist’s studio and captured the defying explores the daring ways in which Richier’s art bridges the power of her work. Brassaï’s portraits of Richier convey the tradition of classical figurative sculpture with an idiosyn- unique magical chaos of her environment. As depicted in cratic visual language born of an anguished, searching, and, these photographs, Richier surrounded herself with a wild ultimately, spiritual post-World War psyche. jumble of sculptures spanning different periods of her output -- a veritable sculptural forest that has inspired the installa- The Exhibition tion design for Germaine Richier in New York. Visitors to the exhibition discover there a deliberately dense, non- Germaine Richier reintroduces American audiences to one chronological, and eccentric installation, where sculptures of the first female sculptors ever to receive critical acclaim and photographs overflow into the stairwells and draw within her lifetime – an artist who exhibited at five consecu- visitors on a journey into the artist’s world. tive Venice Biennales beginning in 1948, was featured at the first São Paulo Biennale in 1951, and was avidly col- Germaine Richier will remain on view through April 12th lected in Europe and the United States. on Manhattan’s Upper East Side, in the same neighborhood where the artist’s first American solo exhibition was pre- Born in 1902 in Grans, France, Germaine Richier moved sented to broad critical acclaim in 1957 at the legendary to Paris in 1926 and became a student in the studio of Martha Jackson Gallery. The exhibition coincides with a Antoine Bourdelle, with whom she worked until his death major retrospective of Richier’s work currently on view at in 1929. Like Antoine Bourdelle, Auguste Rodin, and View of the exhibition Germaine Richier at Dominique Lévy Gallery and Galerie Perrotin, New York, from February 27 to April 12, 2014.

Alberto Giacometti (who also studied in Bourdelle’s studio), Quichotte à la lance” (1949) and “Don Quichotte” (1950-51) Richier explored the tradition of bronze figurative sculpture suggest a new phase. but charted a new territory beyond that tradition. Inspired by the creatures she encountered in the stories of the Provence In the 1950s, the artist’s figures underwent a remarkable region where the artist grew up, and deeply influenced by transformation as she experimented with hybrids and untried her first visit to the ruins of Pompeii in 1935, Richier’s work geometries, even while remaining connected to her own train- mixes qualities of both the classical and the mythical. She ing. “La Tauromachie” (1953) depicts a figure familiar to the was enraptured by the natural world. The idea of reverse bullrings of the Camargue region in the South of France. In evolution – the devolution of the human mammal to bat, to this sculpture Richier skillfully shifts the horseman’s staff to bird, and to insect – was a powerful metaphor not only for one side, throwing off symmetry and imbuing the tableaux with nature but for the regression of civilization in the aftermath a unique vitality. During the first half of the 50s, Richier cre- of the atrocities of the war years. ated many sculptures depicting seated women; on view in the exhibition, “L’Eau” (1953-54) is the last of a series in which In Germaine Richier, the artist’s career is traced by major female forms are completely human. The type of Ur-Woman works of each period. Among early sculptures on view are depicted in this sculpture subsequently gives way to the artist’s the highly classical standing figures of “Loretto” (1934) and signature human-insect hybrids, astonishing figures in which “Nu ou La Grosse” (1939), darkly patinated bronzes that Richier’s dual interests in nature and classicism, instinct and express the prerogatives of classicism – balance and har- technique, would merge powerfully. “La Sauterelle, grande” mony – and reflect the influence of Richier’s mentors. As the (1955-1956) is a prime example from this period. exhibition moves into the 1940s, visitors find Richier coming more fully into her own, expressing two imperatives that shape The latest work on view in Germaine Richier is the large her work until her death – the challenge of imbuing static five-sculpture grouping “L’Echiquier, grand” (1959), which materials with movement, and the wildness of nature experi- marks the apogee of the artist’s career. Coursing through enced in her Provencal childhood. Modest in scale but aston- the exhibition is vivid evidence of Richier’s rich variety of ishingly alive, “La Mante, moyenne” (1946) is neither mantis patinas, which range from dark tones to gold finishes, render- nor man, crouched and gesturing. The figure of “La Forêt” ing animated effects. Her unconventional use of color – (1946) is a perfect illustration of Richier’s link to her roots: In perhaps one of the most extraordinary and unexpected as- a letter to her mother that year, Richier asked her family to pects of Germaine Richier’s work – is exemplified in the late send to Paris a bundle of specific branches for her to use painted bronze “Le Couple peint” (1959). instead of wires in the process of making this sculpture. The work of Germaine Richier is represented in numerous In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Richier’s work mani- public collections including the Tate Gallery, London, UK; fests both a heightened mysticism and technical adven- Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US; Musée turousness. In a series of works inspired by Miguel de National d’Art Moderne, Paris, France; Louisiana Museum Cervantes’s Don Quixote, the artist’s figures become more of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark; Kunstmuseum Bern, expressionistic and elongated, in stances slightly askew, Bern, Switzerland; and the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, with patinas of a wider color range. Works such as “Don the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Venice, Italy. “La Tauromachie” 1953, Natural polished bronze, 45 11/16 x 21 1/4 x 39 3/4 in / 116 x 54 x 101 cm “La Spirale” 1957, Polished natural bronze, 113 3/8 x 22 1/2 x 22 1/2 in / 288 x 57 x 57 cm The human image has never been forgotten in the arts. The sculptor is not protected from the crises that have jolted modern art, but in sculpture, an art of slower evolution according to some, the disruptions are of a different nature. In some way it is sculpture that knew how to preserve the human face from these upheavals (in fact, today’s sculptors do not renounce the making of busts). The face: that is to say, an entity, a whole of expressions and gestures brought into accord with the form. This form, clearly, evolved to such a point that I would call it “hybrid.” Whence come the dangers that threaten us through excess, and that are tempered through measure.

As an art of measure, contemporary sculpture can and should erect and set up its forms, not in pediments, but in front of monuments and in other public places. In order to make our times and the public understand the works of today, sculpture would have to take over the sites that — one asks why — have been denied it: large public squares, gardens, theaters, buildings, stadiums. As long as sculpture is not brought back into the “domain of man and woman,” into the places common to humanity, its face will be as if it were disfigured.

What characterizes sculpture, in my opinion, is the way in which it renounces the full, solid form. Holes and perforations conduct like flashes of lightning into the material, which becomes organic and open, encircled on all sides, lit up in and through the hollows. A form lives to the extent to which it does not withdraw from expression. And we decidedly cannot conceal human expression in the drama of our time.

— Germaine Richier, Paris, 1959 “Le Grain” 1955, Dark patinated bronze, 56 7/8 x 12 13/16 x 12 1/4 in / 145 x 35 x 34 cm View of the exhibition Germaine Richier at Dominique Lévy Gallery and Galerie Perrotin, New York, from February 27 to April 12, 2014.

Germaine Richier (b.1902 Grans, France, d.1959 Montpellier, France)

SOLO SHOWS (selection) 2014 Germaine Richier, Dominique Lévy Gallery and Galerie Perrotin, New York, USA 2013 Germaine Richier: Rétrospective, Kunstmuseum Bern, Switzerland 2007 Germaine Richier, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy 1997 Germaine Richier, Akademie der Kunste, Berlin, Germany 1996 Germaine Richier: Rétrospective, Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul, France 1993 Olivier Debré. 50 tableaux pour un timbre. Découverte d’une autre édition artistique de la Poste: Germaine Richier, timbre Europa 1993, Musée de la Poste, Paris, France 1988 Germaine Richier, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Copenhagen, Denmark 1964 Germaine Richier, Musée Réattu, Arles, France 1963 Hommage à Germaine Richier, Musée Grimaldi-Chateau, Antibes; Germaine Richier, Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland; 1959 Germaine Richier, Galerie Creuzevault, Paris, France Germaine Richier, Musée Grimaldi, Antibes, France; Germaine Richier, Appel and Paolozzi, Martha Jackson Gallery, New York, USA; Sculpture by Germaine Richier, University School of Fine and Applied Arts, Boston, USA 1958 Sculpture by Germaine Richier, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA; Germaine Richier, Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland 1957 Germaine Richier, Martha Jackson Gallery, New York, USA 1956 Germaine Richier, Musée National d’Art Moderne, Paris, France; Germaine Richier, Galerie Berggruen, Paris, France 1955 Germaine Richier, Hanover Gallery, London, UK Viera da Silva, Germaine Richier, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1954 Germaine Richier, Allan Frumkin Gallery, Chicago, USA 1951 Die Plastiksammlung Werner Bär, Kunstmuseum, Winterthur, Switzerland 1948 Germaine Richier, Galerie Maeght, Paris, France 1947 Sculptures of Germaine Richier, Engraving Studio of Roger Lacourière, Anglo-French Art Center, London, UK 1946 Germaine Richier, Galerie Georges Moos, Geneva, Switzerland 1937 Méditerranée, Pavillon Languedoc Méditerranéen, Paris, France 1934 Germaine Richier, Galerie Max Kaganovitch, Paris, France