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Atsisiųsti Iš Lina MIKALOnienė Valentinas MIKELėnAS Paulius MILIAUSKAS Vilius MITKEVIčius Agnė Tikniūtė Įmonių teisinių formų KONVERGENCIJA IR DIVERGENCIJA: ar Lietuvos teisinis reglamentavimas yra patrauklus tarptautiniame kontekste? Mokslo studija THE CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF LEGAL FORMS OF ENTERPRISES: is Lithuanian legal regulation attractive in international context? Scientific Study VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO LEIDYKLA VILNIUS, 2017 Rekomenduota spausdinti Vilniaus universiteto Teisės fakulteto tarybos 2017 m. rugsėjo 18 d. posėdyje (protokolas Nr. 01) Projekto vykdytojai: LINA MIKALOnienė, VALENTINAS MIKELėnAS (projekto vadovas, mokslinis redaktorius), PAULIUS MILIAUSKAS, VILIUS MITKEVIčius, Agnė Tikniūtė. Projekto vykdytojų įnašas L. Mikalonienė rengė studijos II (kartu su V. Mitkevičiumi) ir IV dalis; V. Mikelėnas – I ir V dalis; P. Miliauskas – III dalies 1, 2, 3 ir 5 skyrius; V. Mitkevičius – II dalį (kartu su L. Mikaloniene); A. Tikniūtė – III dalies 4 skyrių. Recenzentai: Prof. dr. VIRGINIJUS Bitė Prof. dr. EGIDIJA TAMošiūnienė Mokslinį tyrimą finansavo Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. MIP-020/2015) Leidinio bibliografinė informacija pateikiama Lietuvos nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos Nacionalinės bibliografijos duomenų banke (NBDB) ISBN 978-609-459-885-2 (internete) ISBN 978-609-459-886-9 (spausdintinis) © Lina Mikalonienė, 2017 © Valentinas Mikelėnas, 2017 © Paulius Miliauskas, 2017 © Vilius Mitkevičius, 2017 © Agnė Tikniūtė, 2017 © Vilniaus universitetas, 2017 TURINYS SUTRUMPINIMŲ SĄRAŠAS .......................................................................... 9 SĄVOKOS IR APIBRėŽIMAI . 12 ĮŽANGA . 13 I DALIS / INDIVIDUALI ĮMONĖ . 15 1 skyrius. Individualaus verslo reikšmė ........................................................... 16 2 skyrius. Individualaus verslo teisinis reglamentavimas užsienio valstybėse ......... 19 2.1. Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos ................................................................ 19 2.2. Jungtinė Karalystė . 20 2.3. Nyderlandų Karalystė ......................................................................... 21 2.4. Prancūzijos Respublika ....................................................................... 22 2.5. Švedijos Karalystė .............................................................................. 23 2.6. Vokietijos Federacinė Respublika .......................................................... 24 3 skyrius. Lietuvos Respublika ....................................................................... 24 4 skyrius. Apibendrinimas ............................................................................ 31 II DALIS / ŪKINĖS BENDRIJOS ................................................... 33 1 skyrius. Bendrosios pastabos ...................................................................... 34 2 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų funkciniai analogai lyginamosios teisėtyros kontekste ... 37 3 skyrius. Komercinės partnerystės teisinis subjektiškumas ................................ 40 4 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų teisinių formų reglamentavimo principai ................... 45 4.1. Bendrijos veiklos sutartis ..................................................................... 46 4.2. Bendrijos veiklos sutartis ir bendrijos dalyvių sutartis ............................... 50 4.3. Bendrijos veiklos sutarties forma. 54 4.4. Reikalavimai steigėjams (dalyviams) ir jų įnašai į ūkines bendrijas .............. 58 5 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisės ir pareigos .......................................... 60 5.1. Ūkinių bendrijų valdymas ................................................................... 60 5.2. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisė į informaciją ............................................. 63 5.3. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisė į pelno dalį ............................................... 66 5.4. Fiduciarinės ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių pareigos ......................................... 66 5.5. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių pareiga dengti nuostolius ................................... 71 6 TURINYS 6 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių statuso pasibaigimas ................................... 73 6.1. Savanoriškas ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisių perleidimas ir naujų dalyvių priėmimas ................................................................. 77 6.2. Savanoriškas ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių pasitraukimas ............................... 79 6.3. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių statuso pasibaigimas dėl su dalyvio asmeniu susijusių aplinkybių .............................................................. 83 6.4. Priverstinis ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių statuso pasibaigimas teismine tvarka ................................................................................ 87 7 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisių apsauga ............................................ 90 7.1. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisė į išvestinį ieškinį ....................................... 90 7.2. Ūkinių bendrijų dalyvių teisė pasitraukti ir susigrąžinti investicijas teismine tvarka ................................................................................ 92 8 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų kreditorių teisių apsauga ........................................ 93 8.1. Komanditoriaus prievolės .................................................................. 93 8.2. Ūkinių bendrijų turto paskirstymas ..................................................... 95 8.3. Buvusio tikrojo nario atsakomybė pagal ūkinių bendrijų prievoles kreditoriams ....................................................................... 97 9 skyrius. Ūkinių bendrijų teisinių formų konkurencingumas ........................... 98 10 skyrius. Apibendrinimas ......................................................................... 104 10.1. Teisinio reglamentavimo gairės ir kryptys ............................................ 104 10.2. Siūlymų teisinei aplinkai tobulinti santrauka ........................................ 108 III DALIS / AKCINĖS bendrovės IR Uždarosios AKCINĖS bendrovės ................................... 111 1 skyrius. Bendrovė ir pagrindiniai jos požymiai ............................................ 112 1.1. Bendrovę apibūdinantys požymiai ....................................................... 112 1.2. Bendrovių teisinės sistemos bruožai ir nuosavybės struktūra .................... 118 1.3. Bendrovės interesai .......................................................................... 130 1.4. Bendrovių teisės nuostatų dispozityvus pobūdis ir reguliavimo metodas .... 139 2 skyrius. Kapitalas ir akcijos ...................................................................... 144 2.1. Kapitalas ir nominalioji akcijos vertė .................................................... 144 3 skyrius. Bendrovės organai ....................................................................... 155 3.1. Vienpakopė ir dvipakopė valdymo sistema ........................................... 155 3.2. Kontroliuojančių akcininkų pareigos ..................................................... 171 TURINYS 7 4 skyrius. Mažumos akcininko teisių apsaugos priemonės uždaro tipo bendrovėse .............................................................................. 184 4.1. Problemos pristatymas, tyrimo krypties apibrėžimas .............................. 184 4.2. Mažumos ir daugumos akcininko sąvokos ............................................ 188 4.3. UAB akcininko padėties specifika ....................................................... 189 4.4. Daugumos akcininko piktnaudžiavimo formos uždaro tipo bendrovėje ..................................................................... 192 4.5. Tiriamos jurisdikcijos ir bendrovės formos ........................................... 196 4.6. Lyginamoji analizė. 224 5 skyrius. Apibendrinimas .......................................................................... 247 5.1. Bendrovių teisinio reglamentavimo gairės ir kryptys ............................... 247 IV DALIS / MAžOSIOS BENDRIJOS .......................................... 251 1 skyrius. Bendrosios pastabos .................................................................... 252 2 skyrius. Mažosios bendrijos funkciniai analogai lyginamosios teisėtyros kontekste .............................................................................. 254 3 skyrius. Reikalavimai mažosios bendrijos steigėjams (nariams) ........................ 264 4 skyrius. Mažosios bendrijos valdymas ......................................................... 268 4.1. Decentralizuoto mažosios bendrijos valdymo modelis ............................ 270 4.2. Centralizuoto mažosios bendrijos valdymo modelis ................................ 271 5 skyrius. Mažosios bendrijos narių teisės ir pareigos . 275 5.1. Steigėjų (narių) įnašai į mažąją bendriją ir narių paslaugos bei darbai mažajai bendrijai. 275 5.2. Mažosios bendrijos nario balsavimo teisė .............................................. 280 5.3. Mažosios bendrijos nario teisė į grynojo turto dalį likviduojant bendriją ......................................................................... 283 5.4. Mažosios bendrijos nario teisė į informaciją .......................................... 284 5.5. Fiduciarinės mažosios bendrijos nario pareigos ...................................... 286 6 skyrius. Mažosios bendrijos nario statuso pasibaigimas .................................. 290 6.1. Savanoriškas mažosios bendrijos nario teisių perleidimas ........................ 292 6.2. Savanoriškas mažosios bendrijos nario pasitraukimas ............................. 295 6.3. Mažosios bendrijos nario statuso pasibaigimas dėl su dalyvio asmeniu susijusių aplinkybių
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