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Redalyc.Hyles Tithymali Deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Catania, A. Hyles tithymali deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) - first record for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 36, núm. 141, marzo, 2008, pp. 69-71 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45514106 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Nº 141 16/3/08 17:20 Página 69 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (141), marzo 2008: 69-71 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 Hyles tithymali deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) - first record for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) A. Catania Abstract The presence of Hyles tithymali deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) is recorded for the first time from the Maltese archipelago. KEYWORDS: Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, H. tithymali deserticola, new record, Malta. Hyles tithymali deserticola (Staudinger, 1901) - primera cita para Malta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Resumen Se cita por primera vez para Malta a Hyles tithymali deserticola (Staudinger, 1901). PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, H. tithymali deserticola, nueva cita, Malta. Introduction The genus Hyles Hübner, 1819, in the Maltese Islands is represented by Hyles livornica (Esper, 1779), a notorious migratory species and which generally breeds here as well, and the endemic Hyles sammuti (Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998) (SAMMUT, 2000). Material examined MALTA, 1 0, Pembroke, 15-IV-2007, leg A. & C. Catania (in coll. Catania); 1 1, Dingli, Dingli Cliffs, 23-IV-2007, leg A. Catania (in coll. Catania); 1 1, Rabat, Dwejra, 25-IV-2007, leg. J. Agius (in coll. Agius). All three specimens where recorded at UV light at about 10.00 pm. During the week that these specimens were recorded, the Maltese Islands witnessed a strong and sustained migration of Hyles livornica. A very small number of Hyles sammuti was also recorded at light. This is usual for the species in the Maltese Islands to produce a small brood from overwintering pupae, with majority of the pupae hatching during September-October. Initial comparison of the three specimens with the very good illustrations in DANNER et al., (1998) suggested that they belong to Hyles tithymali deserticola. Confirmation in this respect was done from digital images of the specimens by Mr. Tony Pittaway, Dr. Ian Kitching and Dr. Anna Hundsdoerfer. Conclusion The three specimens for Hyles tithymali deserticola recorded here must have reached the Maltese Islands with migrating Hyles livornica from the North African coast. This is suggested by the fact that 69 SHILAP Nº 141 16/3/08 17:20 Página 70 A. CATANIA the three specimens where [a] recorded during a heavy and sustained migration of Hyles livornica, [b] recorded from different and quite distant localities and [c] no early stages of the newly recorded sub- species have ever been recorded. According to Mr. Pittaway the taxon Hyles sammuti represents a fertile hybrid between Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hyles tithymali (Boisduval) (PITTAWAY, 1997-2007). This conclu- sion is supported by mt DNA work of HUNDSDORFER et al. (2005), it is yet to be ascertained, if the population of the Hyles euphorbiae-complex (HEC) on Sicily is also classified as Hyles sammuti. This is only known from a single specimen taken from Zafferana. Hopefully, further genetic research will help elucidate the relationships within the HEC. However it should be noted at this stage that, except for the three specimens of H. tithymali deser- ticola, H. tithymali or any of its subspecies have never been recorded from Malta. If hybridisation took place, when did this happen and did Malta have typical H. euphorbiae? It is important to note that since the 1850’s, when Lepidoptera started being studied locally, no H. tithymali was ever recorded in Malta. The zone of hybridization between these two species run along the Mediterranean from Crete, through southern Italy, Sicily, Malta (Pittaway and Kitching pers. comm). Mr. Tony Pittaway’s hypothesis is that with the effect of global warming the Mediterranean region is getting warmer and this hybrid zone is thus pushed further north. Hyles tithymali is a much more drought resistant and heat tolerant species than Hyles euphorbiae .The overall effect would be that more desert species will eventually colonize the Mediterranean and the Maltese archipelago. If Hyles tithymali deserticola becomes a regular visitor in larger numbers and eventually settles as a breeding resident species, H. sammuti and H. t. deserticola would interbreed with the result that H. sammuti, which is less heat tolerant, would be replaced by H. t. deserticola. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Mr. Paul Sammut of Rabat, Malta for this comments and suggestions, Mr. Jonathan Agius for allowing me to use the data of the specimen he recorded and to my father Mr. Charles Catania of Pembroke, Malta for his constant encouragements and setting up a light trap. I would also like to thank Mr. Tony Pittaway, Dr. Ian Kitching and Dr. Anna Hundsdoerfer for confirm- ing the identity of the new subspecies and for their useful comments. Finally thanks also go to Dr. An- tonio Vives for providing the Spanish translation. BIBLIOGRAPHY DANNER, F., EITSCHBERGER, U., & SURHOLT, B., 1998.– Die Schwärmer der westlichen Palaearktis.– Her- bipoliana, 4(1): 1-368; 4(2): 1-772. HUNDSDOERFER, A. K., KITCHING, I, J. & WINK, M., 2005.– The phylogeny of Hyles euphorbiae complex (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Molecular evidence from sequence data and ISSR-PCR fingerprints.– Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 5(3): 173-198. http://www.elsevier.de/ode. accessed 16th. July 2007. PITTAWAY, A. R., 1993.– The Moths of the Western Palaearctic: 240 pp. Harley Books & Natural History Museum, London. PITTAWAY, A. R., 1997-2007.– Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. http://tpittaway.tripod.com/sphinx/list.htm. Accessed 16th. July 2007. SAMMUT, P., 2000.– Kullana Kulturali 12 - Il-Lepidoptera: X + 246 pp. Pubblikazzjoni Indipendenza, Malta. A. C. Rama-Rama Plot 20 Triq Mons. A. Cilia Zebbug ZBG 04 MALTA / MALTA (Recibido para publicación / Received for publication 5-IX-2007) (Revisado y aceptado / Revised and accepted 7-X-2007) 70 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (141), marzo 2008 SHILAP Nº 141 16/3/08 17:21 Página 71 HYLES TITHYMALI DESERTICOLA (STAUDINGER, 1901) - FIRST RECORD FOR THE MALTESE ISLANDS 1 2 Figs. 1-2.– 1. Hyles tithymali deserticola - MALTA, Pembroke, 15-IV-2007. 2. Hyles sammuti - MALTA, Siggiewi, Ghar Lapsi, 15-IX-2006. SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (141), marzo 2008 71.
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