Geología Del Área Del Embalse Las Maderas, Provincia De Jujuy, Con Referencia a Las Acumulaciones Bioclásticas Fosfáticas Del Tremadociano Y Floiano

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Geología Del Área Del Embalse Las Maderas, Provincia De Jujuy, Con Referencia a Las Acumulaciones Bioclásticas Fosfáticas Del Tremadociano Y Floiano 95 Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 75 (1): 95-114 (2018) Geología del área del embalse Las Maderas, provincia de Jujuy, con referencia a las acumulaciones bioclásticas fosfáticas del Tremadociano y Floiano María DUPERRON1, Roberto A. SCASSO1 y María Cristina MOYA2 1Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales (IGEBA). Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univer- sidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires y CONICET. 2CONICET-CIUNSa. Universidad Nacional de Salta, Geología, Salta. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Editor: Diego A. Kietzmann RESUMEN Se describe la geología del área del Embalse Las Maderas, Provincia de Jujuy, correspondiente a la Cordillera Oriental. La sucesión expuesta corresponde al basamento metamórfico del noroeste (Complejo Puncoviscana), y a las sedimentitas marinas del Paleozoi- co inferior (Grupos Mesón y Santa Victoria), aflorantes en las sierras que flanquean al embalse. Además se registra la presencia de conglomerados sinorogénicos del Cenozoico (Formación Piquete, correspondiente al Grupo Jujuy, y Formación La Troja), localizados en las depresiones intermontanas. La estructura se caracteriza por la presencia de pliegues volcados asociados a corrimientos que se desarrollan sobre las metasedimentitas de bajo grado del basamento; corresponde a un estilo estructural de piel gruesa, con pliegues de flexión de falla con vergencia oriental y occidental segmentados por fallas paralelas. Se estudiaron con especial énfasis las rocas fosfáticas contenidas en el Grupo Santa Victoria. Su origen no se asocia a un intervalo de fosfogénesis sensu-stricto, sino al retrabajo sedimentario de partículas fosfáticas biogénicas. Se diferenciaron estratos con alta concentración de bioclastos dominados por res- tos de braquiópodos linguliformes (de alto contenido fosfático) de la Formación Floresta que se clasifican como phosbio-grainstones y phosbio-rudstones, y otros de baja concentración con una proporción significativa de restos de braquiópodos rinconelliformes y trilobites además de braquiópodos linguliformes (de bajo contenido fosfático) en las Formaciones Áspero y San Bernardo, que se clasifican como biophosbio-rudstones. Palabras clave: Ordovícico Inferior, Noroeste Argentino, Fosfatos, Sedimentitas marinas, Braquiópodos linguliformes ABSTRACT Geology of the area of Embalse Las Maderas, Jujuy Province, with a note on the Tremadocian-Floian bioclastic-phosphatic accumu- lations. The geology of the embalse Las Maderas area, Jujuy Province in the Cordillera Oriental (Eastern Andean Cordillera) of Argentina is described. The exposed succession corresponds to the metamorphic basement of northwestern Argentina (Puncoviscana Complex) and the marine sedimentary rocks of the lower Paleozoic (Mesón and Santa Victoria Groups), cropping out in the hills around the reservoir. Cenozoic synorogenic conglomerates of the Piquete Formation (Jujuy Group) and The La Troja Formation are located in the intermontane lowlands. The structure is characterized by overturned folds associated with thrusts developed on the low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the basement, consistent with a thick-skin structural style, with East vergent fault flexured folds cut by pa- rallel oriented faults. Phosphatic rocks of the Santa Victoria Group were studied in detail. Their origin is associated to the sedimentary reworking of biogenic particles and it is not constrained to a phosphogenic interval sensu stricto. Beds with high phosphate content and high concentration of linguliform bioclasts of the Floresta Formation were classified as phosbio-grainstones and phosbio-rudsto- nes. Other beds with lower phosphate content in the Áspero and San Bernardo Formations incorporated a significant proportion of rhynchonelliform brachiopods and trilobites together with the linguliform brachiopods, and were classified as biophosbio-rudstones. Keywords: Lower Ordovician, Northwestern Argentina, Phosphate, Marine sediments, Linguliform brachiopods Geología del área del embalse Las Maderas 96 INTRODUCCIÓN constituidos principalmente por acumu- getada por la selva de Yungas, esta zona laciones de conchillas de braquiópodos ofrece escasos afloramientos en las pa- El Ordovícico de la Cordillera Oriental se linguliformes (Plan Fosforita del Servicio redes de roca de la quebrada del río Los destaca por presentar las sucesiones tre- Nacional Geológico Minero, Moya et al. Sauces, en los cortes de la ruta nacional madocianas más completas de Sudaméri- 2012, Leanza 1972, Barrionuevo 1976, N°9 (localidad del Abra de Santa Laura), ca (Moya y Monteros 2011) así como por Fernández 1983, 1984, Moya et al. 1994, en los caminos que rodean al embalse sus faunas características del Paleozoico Moya 1998, Aceñolaza et al. 2003, 2008, Las Maderas y en las márgenes del mis- temprano, siendo muy abundantes los es- Saiz Cobbe 2007, Saiz Cobbe y Moya mo (Fig. 1). tudios de trilobites, graptolitos, conodontes 2008, Chiliguay et al. 2008, Castro et al. y braquiópodos correspondientes a latitu- 2009, 2011, Muñoz et al. 2012, Eveling et des intermedias a altas (Moya 2003, Be- al. 2012). El propósito del presente trabajo METODOLOGÍA nedetto 2003). Se destacan los estudios es dar a conocer el resultado de estudios realizados en años recientes sobre bioes- enfocados a la prospección de fosfatos en Se realizó el levantamiento de un mapa tratigrafía (Rubinstein y Toro 2001, Torte- el extremo norte de la sierra de Mojotoro y geológico y estructural de la zona de es- llo et al. 2002, Benedetto 2005, Ortega y en la sierra Las Maderas, que han permiti- tudio a escala 1:160.000, reconociéndose Albanesi 2005, Zeballo et al. 2006, Toro do definir la estratigrafía y la estructura del las principales formaciones y zonas de fa- y Maletz 2007), paleogeografía (Vaccari sector y comparar las acumulaciones fos- lla. Se levantó un perfil estratigráfico en la et al. 2006, Sánchez y Benedetto 2007) y fáticas con las de otros sectores de la sie- sección del Abra de Santa Laura a lo lar- paleoecología (Buatois y Mángano 2004, rra de Mojotoro y de la Cordillera Oriental. go de la ruta 9, sobre el flanco oriental de Mángano y Buatois 2004, Waisfeld et al. Se han detectado y caracterizado varios la sierra de Mojotoro (Fig. 1), y otro en la 2006) del Noroeste argentino, sintetizados niveles fosfáticos que constituyen anoma- costa oriental del embalse Las Maderas. en Benedetto et al. (2007). Con respec- lías de interés, conformados por distintos En estas secciones se realizaron observa- to a los braquiópodos linguliformes de la tipos de partículas fosfáticas cuyos prin- ciones sobre litología, tamaño de grano de Cordillera Oriental, los estudios especí- cipales rasgos también se dan a conocer las rocas, geometría de los estratos, es- ficos sobre su sistemática son escasos, por primera vez en este trabajo. El objetivo tructuras sedimentarias y contenido fósil; pudiendo nombrarse los de Harrington ulterior de la línea de trabajo desarrollada además, se midieron sistemáticamente (1937, 1938) y Ulrich y Cooper (1938), es analizar en detalle los procesos que rumbo e inclinación de las capas con una y aquellos realizados recientemente por llevan a la concentración sedimentaria de brújula Brunton, y se tomaron muestras Benedetto y Muñoz (2015), Mergl et al. las partículas fosfáticas; avances prelimi- de roca para realizar cortes delgados. En (2015) y Benedetto et al. (2018). Las suce- nares en este sentido han sido comparti- el resto del área los afloramientos son es- siones ordovícicas del noroeste han sido dos en Duperron et al. (2014), Eveling et casos y se encuentran aislados entre la muy bien estudiadas en el área de la Que- al. (2015) y Duperron (2016). frondosa cubierta vegetal de la Selva de brada de Humahuaca (Buatois y Mánga- Yungas. Las observaciones geológicas no 2003, Buatois et al. 2003, 2006, Moya realizadas en el campo se complemen- et al. 2003a, Zeballo et al. 2003, 2005a ZONA DE TRABAJO taron con fotointerpretación, utilizándose y b, Astini et al. 2004, Zeballo y Tortello para este fin imágenes satelitales Landsat 2005, Esteban y Tortello 2009, del Huerto La zona de trabajo se ubica en la provin- y NOAA y un modelo de elevación digital Benítez 2013, Tortello et al. 2013, Zeba- cia de Jujuy, en proximidad al límite aus- de la zona. llo y Albanesi 2013, Esteban et al. 2015, tral con la provincia de Salta y al sur de la Las rocas se asignaron a las unidades entre otros) y en diferentes localidades de ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy (Fig. 1). formacionales del Grupo Santa Victoria la sierra de Mojotoro (Moya 1988, 1998, Se extiende entre los paralelos 24° 24’ y definidas por Moya (1998) y Moya et al. 2008). Sin embargo, las localidades cono- 24° 30’ S y entre los meridianos 65° 12’ y (2012) en la sierra de Mojotoro, en función cidas del extremo norte de la sierra de Mo- 65º 21’ O. La región pertenece al sector de su litología y escaso contenido fosilífe- jotoro no han sido estudiadas en detalle este de la provincia geológica de Cordille- ro. De esta forma se confeccionaron las (Moya 1998; Moya et al. 1999, Benedetto ra Oriental, representando el límite orien- columnas sedimentarias de la sierra de y Carrasco 2002, Sánchez y Vaccari 2003, tal de la misma. El río Los Sauces fluye Mojotoro y la sierra Las Maderas (Fig. 2). Salas et al. 2007, Salas y Vaccari 2012, en forma paralela al flanco occidental de Las figuras 3 y 4 contienen fotografías de Cichowolski et al. 2015), y aquellas corres- la sierra de Mojotoro. En el área central las formaciones en afloramiento. pondientes a la sierra Las Maderas han los embalses La Ciénaga y Las Maderas, Se realizaron descripciones petrográficas sido objeto tan solo de un bajo número de se sitúan en una depresión tectónica flan- de muestras de roca estudiadas al micros- observaciones paleontológicas (Waisfeld queada por la sierra de Mojotoro hacia el copio de polarización (Fig. 5). Se utilizó y Vaccari 2008). Aparte de esto, las rocas oeste y por sierras de bajo relieve hacia el la clasificación de Dott (1964) modificada del Ordovícico del noroeste han sido ob- este, denominadas en este trabajo sierra por Pettijohn et al.
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  • Back Matter (PDF)
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