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The Biological Bulletin Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts One Hundred and Second Report for the Year 1999 One Hundred and Eleventh Year Officers of the Corporation Sheldon J. Segal, Chairman of the Board of Trustees Frederick Bay. Co-Vice Chair Mary J. Greer, Co-Vice Chair John E. Dowling, President of the Corporation John E. Burris, Director and Chief Executive Officer Mary B. Conrad. Treasurer Robert E. Mainer, Clerk of the Corporation Contents Report of the Director and CEO Rl Report of the Treasurer R7 Financial Statements RN Report of the Library Director R19 Educational Programs Summer Courses R21 R25 Special Topics Courses Other Programs R32 Photo credits: Summer Research Programs B. Armstrong . .R5. R21, R22, R23, R24. R25, R27. R35 Principal Investigators R30, R31, R35, R36. R37. R69, R84 R3(i Other Research Personnel J. Atema R44 Library Readers R38 M. Dobbins R46 Institutions Represented R39 M. Dornblaser Rl Year-Round Research Programs R43 L. Eckelbecker R58 Honors R55 L. M. Colder R3 (bottom) Board of Trustees and Committees R62 R. Howard R55 R66 Administrative Support Staff T. Kleindinst R19 Members of the Corporation B. Liles R2 Life Members R69 G. G. Lower R7 Members R70 A. C. Malier R43 Associate Members R80 R4 P. Presley Certificate of Organisation R84 R. Silver R48 (bottom) Articles of Amendment R84 Tsoi/Kobus R3 (top) R84 R62 Bylaws L. Amai-al Zettler . Publications . R89 Report of the Director and Chief Executive Officer I am pleased to share with you this report as I have biomedical and environmental sciences well into the 2P' each year for the past seven years. 1999 is especially Century. meaningful as it marks my last full year serving as Director and CEO of this wonderful institution. In August The Marine Resources Center of 2000 I will leave the Laboratory to serve as the President of Beloit College, a small liberal arts institution One of the of this was in Wisconsin. This is an exciting opportunity for my many gratifying gifts campaign made a dear friend of the Marine family and me, but leaving the MBL. the community that recently by long-time, Late in 1999. Trustee we call home, and our friends and colleagues, will be Biological Laboratory. Honorary difficult. Ellen Grass made a historic gift when she endowed the director's chair of the Marine Resources Center. This is I have been proud to serve as Director of the Marine the first time in the of the that a Biological Laboratory. The MBL is a remarkable and history Laboratory research center director's chair has been endowed. This special place, thanks largely to the dedication and far-sighted gift will enable us to expand our research commitment of its scientists and staff. Curiosity, projects in the Marine Resources Center, while ensuring camaraderie, and thoughtfulness abound here. Throughout the MBL's ability to attract high-quality leadership for my tenure I have been impressed by the innovation and this key facility in perpetuity. technical expertise at the Laboratory, which enables awe- The MRC is one of the world's most advanced inspiring advances in our knowledge. facilities for maintaining and culturing aquatic organisms 1999 was a landmark year of growth and prosperity for essential for biological, biomedical, ecological and the Marine Biological Laboratory. I am pleased to report aquacultural research. As I reported last year, the Ryan- that our finances are sound, our educational programs Dowling Program in Scientific Aquaculture has been exceptional and expanding, and our research efforts established at the Marine Resources Center. We are in the increasingly exciting and novel. More and more, public final stages of conducting a national search for a scientific awareness of the MBL's importance to biology, aquaculturist who will oversee this exciting effort. biomedicine. and environmental science is growing. The MRC is already actively culturing organisms for I am excited about what the future holds for the Marine biomedical research. Currently the MRC is host to a Biological Thanks to the of the Laboratory. generosity colony of zebrafish. These tiny freshwater fish have donors to the we have many Discovery Campaign, become an exciting and important research model used by enhanced our educational already program, strengthened embryologists, geneticists and developmental our resident and summer research made programs, major neuroscientists. Interestingly, zebrafish and humans share strides towards building a new research facility for The much of the same genetic material. These two-inch Ecosystems Center, and begun shoring up our physical natives of India may hold the key to understanding how plant. Although we have work yet to do to complete the all vertebrates including humans develop from an Campaign by December 2000, the Laboratory is now well embryo into a whole organism. What we learn from a positioned to continue its leadership role in the zebrafish ultimately may help us understand and perhaps Rl R2 Annual Report projects around the world in Brazil, Alaska, Sweden, Russia, and East Africa, as well as closer to home in the woods of northern New England and along coastal estuarine systems at both Plum Island, north of Boston, and here in Waquoit Bay on Cape Cod. This summer, for example. Senior Scientist Bruce Peterson will travel to Siberia to work on the Russian- American Initiative on Land-Shelf Environments sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The goal of the project is to estimate the flux of nutrients from Eurasia to the Arctic Ocean. Nearby on Martha's Vineyard, scientists from The Ecosystems Center are working on a pilot ecosystem restoration program. Assistant Scientists Chris Neill and Mathew Williams have begun collaborating with The Nature on a of how a forest treat a wide range of birth defects, among other Conservancy 10-year study disorders. functions. The project involves large-scale cutting, and restoration on a track of land on the MRC Director Roger Hanlon and his colleagues made burning, Pre-treatment will be conducted in substantial progress in 1999 in adapting and applying Vineyard. monitoring 2000; cutting and treatments are scheduled to DNA fingerprints to test sexual selection processes in burning begin in 2001. This is a great to see how a squid. Their results are being used by fishery managers as opportunity forest works and to determine how a less forested they decide whether to continue to allow targeted fishing prior, functioned. Center scientists will concentrate on on spawning squids off Cape Cod. In another area of landscape how such treatments influence water research at the MRC, studies have progressed on understanding balance, soil and the retention and understanding the mechanisms and function of nitrogen cycling, movement of to coastal The polarization vision in cephalopods. MRC investigators nitrogen adjacent ponds. will also The Nature with recently found that cuttlefish are able to overcome the project provide Conservancy information on restoration and counter-shading camouflage of silvery fishes by detecting practical design as well as a to polarization patterns that are reflected by fish scales. The techniques, provide place bring people who are interested in and its result is that cuttlefish and squid can easily detect and biodiversity preservation connection with functions. Center scientists see prey upon species that are otherwise camouflaged to most ecosystem this as a for how predators. pilot project they might eventually restore larger areas of fire-adapted ecosystems in the Vineyard State Forest and at the Massachusetts Military The Ecosystems Center Reservation. Because of the need to identify and confront real and One of the most crucial objectives remaining to be met present worldwide threats to the environment, it is not in our Discovery Campaign is building the new surprising that The Ecosystems Center has grown so Environmental Sciences Building to house the MBL's dramatically in size, scope, and reputation. The staff has Ecosystems Center. Founded 25 years ago, the Center is increased six-fold and the budget has more than doubled home to an interdisciplinary group of scientists whose in recent years, making the Center's office and laboratory expertise covers the fields of terrestrial and aquatic space inadequate, and forcing researchers to work at ecology, microbiology, chemistry, botany, zoology, scattered locations around the MBL campus. physiology, hydrology, mathematics, and genetics. Their Soon, Ecosystems Center scientists will be in the goal is to study the impact of humankind on the Environmental Sciences Building on Albatross Street. environment and discover what must be done to sustain This new building will have a cutting-edge geographic and manage the earth's resources. information systems facility, state-of-the-art laboratories Among key environmental issues being examined are for plant and soil sample analysis, a stable isotope the ecological consequences of global warming, the laboratory, offices, teaching facilities, a effects of tropical deforestation, how trees in northeast classroom/conference room for the Semester in forests are handling excess nitrogen, and how pollution Environmental Science Program, ample storage areas for and habitat destruction are damaging coastal ecosystems. all equipment, and field staging areas. The problems are global and so are the Center's research To that end, the MBL has received an important sites. MBL scientists have been conducting more than 30 challenge grant of $500.000 from The Kresge Foundation. Report of the Director and CEO R3 Other Research Initiatives Elsewhere at the MBL, scientists are working on a variety of biological and biomedical problems. Dr. David Keefe has developed a new method of non-invasively imaging the meiotic spindle of eggs during human in vitro fertilization at his clinic at Women and Infants Hospital in Rhode Island. This technique was developed at the MBL using the polscope designed by Dr. Rudolf Oldenbourg. Application of this exciting technology has doubled the pregnancy rates during intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and improved clinicians' ability to predict fertilization.
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