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MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS of UPPER SHIMSHA-1 WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING GIS and REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES by D S Asmita

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MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS of UPPER SHIMSHA-1 WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING GIS and REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES by D S Asmita PAGE 1 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA-1 WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES by D S Asmita Submission date: 05-Aug-2020 04:41PM (UTC+0530) Submission ID: 1366175289 File name: 1NH16CV030.main.3rd.attempt.pdf (1.38M) Word count: 9031 Character count: 48223 DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 2 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI-590018 2019-2020 “FINAL YEAR PROJECT” MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA-1 WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR 8TH SEMESTER FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL, USN NAME 1NH16CV030 D S ASMITA 1NH16CV037 DIVYA S KAMBALI 1NH16CV045 JENNIFER ROSE BIJU 1NH16CV062 MANIKYA H M UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr. MAHESHA N ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 3 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We express our sincere thanks to Dr. MOHAN MANGHNANI, Chairman of New Horizon College of Engineering for providing necessary infrastructure and creating good environment. We would like to express our great thanks to Dr. MANJUNATHA, Principal of New Horizon College of Engineering, for granting us permission to undertake the VTU prescribed project. We express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to the Head of Civil Engineering Department Dr. NIRANJAN P.S, for providing necessary facilities and encouraging us to make this project. We sincerely acknowledge the encouragement, timely help and guidance of Dr. MAHESHA N, Associate Professor, Department of Civil engineering. We also express our special gratitude to staff members of the Department of Civil Engineering. Their valuable guidance in both field and office work helped us to complete the project within the prescribed time. Finally, we express our sincere thanks to lab instructors who helped us to complete the project successful and all our friends for their kind co-operation and help for the successful completion of the project. BATCH B-35 DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 4 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 The trust is a recipient of Prestigious Rajyotsava State Award 2012 Conferred by the Government of Karnataka. Awarded Outstanding Technical Education Institute in Karnataka – 2016 Outer Ring Road, Near Marathahalli, Bengaluru -560103 (Department of Civil Engineering) CERTIFICATE Certified that the project work entitled “MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA-1 WATERSHED, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES”, is a bonafide work carried out by D S ASMITA with USN 1NH16CV030, DIVYA S KAMBALI with USN 1NH16CV037, JENNIFER ROSE BIJU with USN 1NH16CV045 and MANIKYA H M with USN 1NH16CV062 in partial fulfillment for the award Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2019-2020. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project has been certified as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of project work. Signature of guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal Examiners: 1. ………………… 2. ………………… DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 5 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 ABSTRACT: Globally the availability of fresh water is a limited resource and needs sustainable management of this resource. However, in certain area with changing water demand, there is a perceived sense of inadequate rainfall over the years and hence overall yield resulting of this precipitation. One such case is applicable for the upstream catchment (Upper Shimsha-1 watershed) of river Shimsha that originates in Tumkur district of Karnataka with changing agriculture practice and increase in population, water demand has increased that has often pushed for the need to draw water from other watersheds. Consequently, Tumkur district is fed with water drawn from river Hemavathy through human-made channels. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a known and effective tool in performing many operations like digitization, delineation of streams of a watershed and carry out a variety of spatial analysis. This tool can be efficiently used to carry out hydrological analysis and hence used for sustainable watershed management projects. Morphometric analysis is very essential and significant in all hydrological investigation for development and management of watershed. Quantitative morphometry has known to hold an important part in the hydrological processes. Watershed management is a term used to describe the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to provide betterment in the quality of water and other natural resources within any watershed by properly utilizing the available areas of the land and also water bodies in a much profitable way. Hence from previous studies it is clear that the morphometric analysis based on GIS and remote sensing technique is very useful to understand the prevailing geo-hydrological characteristics and for watershed planning and management. Key words: GIS, Remote Sensing, Watershed, Morphometry, Watershed management. DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 6 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 CONTENT Page number 1. Introduction 7 1.1 About Shimsha river 7 1.2 Study area 8 1.3 Morphometric analysis 10-11 1.4 Morphometric parameters 11-14 1.5 GIS and Remote sensing 15 2. Statement of the problem 15 3. Objective of the study 16 4. Significance of the study 16 5. Project organization 17 6. Literature review 17-19 7. Proposed work plan 19 8. From Toposheet : 8.1 Thematic maps extraction (Geomorphology map, 20-31 Lithology map, land use /land cover Map, Structural map, Slope Map, Soil Map) DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 7 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 9. From DEM(DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL): 9.1. Downloading DEM image from Bhuvan Website and delineation of Drainage map using DEM and Arc GIS 10.3.1 and QGIS 3.2.1 32-33 9.2. Properties of DEM 33 9.3. Extraction of drainage network and Stream ordering 33-34 9.4. Morphometric Analysis on linear, areal and Relief Parameters and Preparation of Morphometric table. 36-37 10. Weighted Overlay Analysis 38-43 11. Delineation of ground water potential zones. 44 12. Proposal of Ground Water Recharge Structures 45 13. Outcomes 46 14. Results 46-48 15. Conclusion 48-49 16. References 50-51 DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 8 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 1. INTRODUCTION: Water is one of the very important resources for all the living things on the earth. Without water no living organisms exists on the earth as of the other planets of the Universe. Among whole water on the earth 96.5% is concentrated in the oceans is not useful for domestic and agriculture purpose and apart from this the remaining water exists in the form of River, lakes, glaciers, water vapors, soil moisture and ground water. The water stored underneath the earth surface in aquifers is referred as groundwater. In present days groundwater becomes major source for domestic and agricultural activities apart from the places with the availability of surface water such as rivers and lakes. Groundwater is the resource which is gathered in the porous underlined subsurface rocks. In the hard rocks such as Igneous and Metamorphic terrains the porosity permeability of the rocks only restricted to the structural features such as fractures, fissures, joints, lineaments and also weathering. So, the groundwater occurrence and movements are being subsurface phenomenon in identifying groundwater potential zones amongst any terrains like even hard rock extensively depends on Geology, Lineaments, geomorphology, slope, drainages, soil and land use/land cover. Out of all the various methods for identifications and creating maps of groundwater potential zones the geophysical and remote sensing methods are the popular leading methods. 1.1 About Shimsha river: The river Cauvery has been one of the major rivers of South India and Shimsha is a river which flows through the state of Karnataka, India. It is one among all the tributaries of river Cauvery. The river’s origination is in the southern parts of the Devarayanadurga hill in the Tumkur district of Karnataka and it flows for about 221km before joining the river Cauvery. For our case study we are considering only the upper portion of river Shimsha with definite boundary lines. The Shimsha has a number of small tributaries – Chikkahole, Hebbahalla, Kanihalla, Kanva, Mullahalla, and Veeravaishnavi. However, the riverbed was dry for three years until the monsoon of 2013, when the abundant rain in the catchment areas allowed the river to flow again. 1.2 Study area: DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NHCE, BENGALURU PAGE 9 of 52 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF UPPER SHIMSHA 1 WATERSHED USING GIS AND RS TECHNIQUES B-35 The upper Shimsha-1 watershed (Map. 1), which is a tributary of Cauvery river located in the Tumkur district of Karnataka state, covering an area of 1220.77km2. It extends from 130 8’ 10”N to 130 33’ 9” N latitude and 760 46’ 43” E to 770 16’ 33” E longitude. This watershed covers major parts of Tumkur and Gubbi taluks of Tumkur district covers in the SOI toposheets numbers 57C/15, 57C/16, 57G/02, 57G/03 and 57G/04 of scale 1:50,000. It consists of nearly 23 sub-watersheds (Map-2) and 49 mini-watersheds.(See Table 1).
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