DOCSLIB.ORG

'Wild Coast' in South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Wild Coast' in South Africa Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa. Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods in Pondoland Sylvain Guyot, Julien Dellier To cite this version: Sylvain Guyot, Julien Dellier. Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa. Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods in Pondoland. VDM VERLAG, pp.236, 2009. hal-00420064 HAL Id: hal-00420064 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420064 Submitted on 29 Sep 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods in Pondoland Sylvain Guyot Julien Dellier (Eds.) 5 ThisbookisdedicatedtoChloéandHéloïse 7 Contents Contents ............................................................................................................... 7 Foreword ............................................................................................................ 11 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ 15 Authors............................................................................................................... 17 Chapter1:GeneralIntroduction ......................................................................... 23 1.Backgroundtothebook.................................................................................... 23 2.AbooktoclarifycurrentterritorialdynamicsinPondoland............................. 27 3.Presentationofthedifferentchapters ............................................................. 29 Chapter2:TheWildCoast:theContestedTerritory ............................................ 33 1.IntroductiontoEcofrontiersandspatialprocess............................................. 33 2.IntroductiontotheWildCoastoftheEasternCape,SouthAfrica.................... 35 3.TRALSO’sinvolvementintheWildCoast.......................................................... 37 4.ThenatureofconflictsintheWildCoast:Whataretheissues? ...................... 39 5.ControlandManagementofResources ........................................................... 43 6.Conclusion......................................................................................................... 53 References ............................................................................................................ 56 Chapter3:TheFightforLandRightsVersusOutsider’s‘Appetites’:WildCoastEco FrontierDynamics............................................................................................... 59 1.Introduction ...................................................................................................... 59 2.Nationalpoliciesoflandconflictsresolution .................................................... 63 3.TheWildCoast,adynamicecofrontiermarkedbycompetitionandconflicts 65 4.Four“variations”onecofrontiersandlandconflicts ....................................... 71 5.Perspectives....................................................................................................... 95 References ............................................................................................................ 97 8 Chapter 4: Ambiguous Spaces: Natural Resource Management Buffer Zones and RuralLivelihoodsinPondoland,SouthAfrica.................................................... 101 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 101 2.PondolandCase............................................................................................... 104 3.Conclusion....................................................................................................... 113 References .......................................................................................................... 114 Chapter 5: Subsistence Fishing among Indigenous People in the Eastern Cape’s ‘WildCoast’inSouthAfrica:TheCaseofScambeniandCagubaVillages........... 117 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 117 2.StudyArea....................................................................................................... 118 3.TheInternationalExperience.......................................................................... 120 4.TheSouthAfricanExperience ......................................................................... 121 5.SubsistenceinCagubaandScambeniVillages................................................ 122 6.Conclusion....................................................................................................... 126 References .......................................................................................................... 126 Chapter 6: Questioning Homogenous Degradation Narratives in Transkei: LivelihoodsandNaturalResourceUseintwoPondolandVillages..................... 129 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 129 2.TheAfricandegradationnarrative .................................................................. 131 3.ThedegradationnarrativeinTranskei ............................................................ 135 4.Studyarea:descriptionofthevillagesandlivelihoodactivities ..................... 138 5.Researchmethodology ................................................................................... 140 6.Calculatingtherelativevalueoflivelihoods ................................................... 141 7.CriticalViewsofTranskeianNarratives........................................................... 152 References .......................................................................................................... 155 Chapter 7: Transhumance and Ticks in Pondoland: a Crisis in Livestock Managementonthe“WildCoast” .................................................................... 163 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 163 2.BackgroundonMbotyi,researchandlivestockinthearea............................ 166 3.Keepinganimalshealthytranshumanceandgrazing................................... 169 4.TicksandDipping ............................................................................................ 176 5.TheImpactofTicksandPerceptionsofTickborneDiseases.......................... 183 9 6.Someconcludingcomments........................................................................... 187 References .......................................................................................................... 188 Chapter 8: The Mismatch between Smallholder Realities and Agricultural Development Interventions: from ‘Betterment’ to the Massive Food Production Programme....................................................................................................... 191 1.Introduction .................................................................................................... 191 2.(Neo)colonialrepresentationsofAfricans,landanddevelopment............... 193 3.Previousagriculturaldevelopmentprogrammesintheformerhomelands... 195 4.TheMassiveFoodProductionProgramme,MFPP.......................................... 198 5.Locallivelihoodsandtheroleofagricultureintheformerhomelands.......... 200 6.Descriptionofthestudyarea.......................................................................... 202 7.Datacollectionandanalysis............................................................................ 203 8.LocallivelihoodsandagriculturalengagementinXopozo.............................. 205 9.Xopozo’sengagementintheMFPP ................................................................ 210 10.ViewsofsmallholderagricultureintheMFPP .............................................. 214 11.Discussionandconclusions:Stereotypicalviewsofsmallholdersarestill shapingagriculturaldevelopment ...................................................................... 217 Recordedinterviews ........................................................................................... 221 References .......................................................................................................... 221 PlacesofReference........................................................................................... 229 ListofFigures.................................................................................................... 231 ListofTables..................................................................................................... 233 11 Foreword Pondoland?WhatisPondolandallabout?WhatdoesitmeantostudyPondoland? 440000inhabitantsonly,lessthan1%ofthewholepopulationofSouthAfrica?In anemergingcountry,wellknownontheworldmapforitspoliticalachievement,for eradicating both the colonial and the apartheid regimes and for its peaceful settlement,isthereanypointtohaveacademicsbickeringaboutPondoland,which is,atfirstglance,a“culdesac”withinSouthAfrica? WhyaresomanypeopleinterestedinPondolandissues?Togetofftheroad?To carryoutfieldworkinarural,scenicandoftenpristineenvironment?Tobeintouch withruralpeople,withrealpeoplemind,heartandvalues?Pondolandisfarfrom
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender and Forests
    Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis Gender and Forests “The bold experimentation and collaborative learning conveyed in this volume trace an odyssey through which conversations around gender and forests CLIMATE CHANGE, TENURE, VALUE CHAINS AND moved from initial dismissive laughter to powerful research and practice ongoing Gender and across scales and contexts, scientific disciplines, and diverse ways of knowing and being.” EMERGING ISSUES —Susan Paulson, University of Florida, USA “This volume provides clear guidance, with a clear conceptual framework and case study applications. Although focusing on forestry, it is also relevant to others working on climate change, tenure, and value chains.” —Ruth Meinzen-Dick, International Food Policy Research Institute, USA “This excellent book provides hard and convincing evidence of the need for significant changes in the way that gender issues are dealt with by the forest sector and should be mandatory reading for all current and future forest professionals.” —John Innes, University of British Columbia, Canada “This accessible volume brings together a diverse set of authors and case studies that focus on gender as Forests an important dimension of all aspects of forest use and management. Chapters drawing on experiences from all the world’s regions are usefully connected through a conceptual framework (The Gender Box).” —Marianne Schmink, University of Florida, USA his enlightening book brings together the work of gender and forestry specialists from various backgrounds and fields of research and action to analyse global gender conditions as related to forests. Using a variety of Tmethods and approaches, they build on a spectrum of theoretical perspectives to bring depth and breadth to the relevant issues and address timely and under-studied themes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nedbank Sani2c Combined
    1 of 29 2015/09/07 09:17 Nedbank Sani2C Combined GC Results after Day 3 Trail, Adventure and Race Event GC Combined Cat Combined GC Event Cat Event Time Day1 Time Day2 Time Day3 Time GC Team# Team name Rider1 Rider2 Category Cat2 P_Cat2 Race 1 1 1 1 2:38:03 3:38:15 2:33:34 8:49:52 2634 Blend Darren Lill Waylon Woolcock Mens Team Race 2 2 2 2 2:40:09 3:36:37 2:34:01 8:50:47 2722 EAI Wheeler Johann Rabie Konny Looser Mens Team Race 3 3 3 3 2:40:10 3:44:29 2:35:17 8:59:56 2558 Team RECM Erik Kleinhans Nico Bell Mens Team Race 4 4 4 4 2:45:12 3:42:58 2:40:18 9:08:28 2741 Biogen Vulcan Max Knox Kevin Evans Mens Team Race 5 5 5 5 2:45:11 3:49:10 2:40:09 9:14:30 2745 The Gear Change David George Justin Tuck Mens Team Race 6 6 6 6 2:46:31 3:53:16 2:41:27 9:21:14 2645 Team TIB Andrew Hill Christopher Wolhuter Mens Team Race 7 7 7 7 2:47:14 3:58:17 2:40:57 9:26:28 2048 IXU Scott Van Den Berg Guylin Hendrik Kruger Mens Team Race 8 8 8 8 2:48:43 3:53:16 2:48:05 9:30:04 2192 CONTEGO Pro MTB Adriaan Louw Luke Evans Mens Team Race 9 9 9 9 2:53:39 3:59:47 2:41:26 9:34:52 2044 Jowetts / Roag Warren Price Matthew Wilkinson Mens Team Race 10 10 10 10 2:50:37 4:04:34 2:42:33 9:37:44 2371 Complete Cyclist Subvets Mike Hewan Franco Ferreira Mens Team Race 11 11 11 11 2:54:06 4:01:45 2:46:28 9:42:19 2372 william simpson Derrin Smith Michael Posthumus Mens Team Race 12 12 12 12 2:51:01 4:09:31 2:44:51 9:45:23 2718 SG100 Gordon Gilbert Alan Gordon Mens Team Race 13 13 13 13 2:57:11 4:07:56 2:51:20 9:56:27 2070 RMB Change a life Ndumiso Dontso Sipho Kupiso Mens
    [Show full text]
  • HSRC Review December 2018 Fa.Pdf
    ReviewPUBLICATION OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL VOL. 16 | NO. 4 | DECEMBER 2018 DIGITAL disruption - THE IMPACT SOCIAL INNOVATION – the need to consult YOUNG PEOPLE - TRANSITIONING OUT OF POVERTY Feature Article Editor’s note CONTENTS n a recent survey, we asked our readers what they thought the Deconstructing the Fourth Industrial HSRC Review should focus on. One Revolution: Defining the concept and 3 I respondent answered, “anything that research agenda reflects the extreme crisis through which we are living”. The future of research: Knowledge 5 production outside institutions Without more context, the concept of an ‘extreme crisis’ will differ among people in Understanding the risks and 7 an unequal society such as ours. However, opportunities of digital evolution by students at the University of Cape there seems to be growing angst among Town, explaining how they used media South Africans, caused by the slumping Tweeting #FeesMustFall: The case of houses and mobilised sympathisers they 9 economy, political uncertainty, fragile #UCTShutdown call ‘twitter cows’. social cohesion and, for many, a struggle Social innovation: Making a case for to keep up with the pace of the global In May this year, parliament heard that 12 participatory approaches digital revolution. 31% of South African municipalities were dysfunctional and another 31% almost In their presentations at the 2018 HSRC Who might engage in anti-immigrant dysfunctional. People in some poor Social Sciences Research Conference violence? A quantitative analysis of 14 communities have protested violently in September, HSRC researchers anti-immigrant aggression about the resultant deteriorating service demonstrated the organisation’s continued delivery, destroying infrastructure that they Low-skilled immigration and the South focus on things that have an impact on the 17 actually need to transition out of poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Pretorian 2016
    The Pretorian 2016 Annual Magazine of Pretoria Boys High School www.boyshigh.com Valediction 4 Matric Results 12 Matrics 14 Academic Awards 15 Staff and Governors 17 Tributes 22 House Reports 32 Annual Events 52 Special Events 63 The Bill Schroder Centre 68 Tours 76 Services 82 The Bush School 93 ‘Scene’ Around Boys High 96 Spotted at Boys High 97 Music Department 98 Cultural Activities 110 CONTENTS 124 Clubs and Societies Production credits 160 Creative Writing Editor: John Illsley Layout: Elizabeth Barnard 190 Art Department Typing: Cathy Louw 192 Art Gallery Advertising: Jamie Fisher Proof Reading: Heidi Stuart 198 Photo Gallery Sub Editors Art: Debbie Cloete 202 Athletics English Creative Writing: Penny Vlag 212 Basketball Afrikaans Creative Writing: Amanda Robinson French Creative Writing: Hedwig Coetzee 218 Climbing German Creative Writing: Corli Janse van Rensburg 220 Cricket Sepedi Creative Writing: Brenda Bopape Photography 238 Cross Country Formal group photographs: Martin Gibbs Photography Principal Sports Photographer: Duncan McFarlane www.dmcfarlane,photium.com 244 Fencing PBHS Photographic Society contributors 246 Golf Jarod Coetzee, Craig Kunte, Zander Taljaard, Alexander van Twisk, Jaryd van Straaten, Duncan Lotter, Malcolm van Suilichem, Ockert van Wyk, Cuan 248 Hockey Gilson, Lê Anh Vu, Cole Govender, Sachin du Plooy-Naran, Jonathan Slaghuis 264 Rugby Other photographs Jamie-Lee Fisher, Malcolm Armstrong, Joni Jones, Mervyn Moodley, Mike 292 Squash Smuts, Debbie Cloete, Peter Franken, Rob Blackmore, Cornelius Smit, Jocelyn Tucker, Ryan o’Donoghue, Mark Blew, Erlo Rust, Karen Botha, 296 Swimming Chan Dowra, Nick Zambara, Lamorna Georgiades, Marina Petrou, Desireé 298 Tennis Glover, Andrew De Kock, John Illsley, Jaydon Kelly, Melissa Rust.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa: IP Management and the Commercialization of Publicly Funded Research Outcomes Jennifer Brant and Mclean Sibanda1
    South Africa: IP Management and the Commercialization of Publicly Funded Research Outcomes Jennifer Brant and McLean Sibanda1 1 The authors thank the Edison Fellowship program at the George Mason University School of Law for supporting this project. They also thank Jay Kesan, Mark Schultz, Kerry Faul, Sebastian Lohse, and Kaveri Marathe for their feedback on earlier versions of this paper. All errors and omissions are the authors’ alone. 1 © WIPO, 2018 World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes, P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO) The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publicly perform this publication, including for commercial purposes, without explicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes were made to the original content. Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem or logo, unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO. Please contact us via the WIPO website to obtain permission. For any derivative work, please include the following disclaimer: “The Secretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to the transformation or translation of the original content.” When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics, trademarks or logos, is attributed to a third-party, the user of such content is solely responsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Worlds
    Local Worlds Rural Livelihood Strategies in Eastern Cape, South Africa Flora Hajdu Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 366 Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies Linköping 2006 Linköping Studies in Arts and Science • No. 366 At the Faculty of Arts and Science at Linköpings universitet, research and doctoral studies are carried out within broad prob- lem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. This thesis comes from the Department of Water and Environmental Studies at the Tema Institute. Distributed by: Department of Water and Environmental Studies Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Flora Hajdu Local Worlds Rural Livelihood Strategies in Eastern Cape, South Africa Edition 1:1 ISBN 91-85523-25-9 ISSN 0282-9800 © Flora Hajdu and Department of Water and Environmental Studies Original front cover photos: Flora Hajdu View over Cutwini and workers at the Mazizi Tea Plantation Printed by: LiU-Tryck, Linköping 2006 ‘It’s not the kings and generals that make history, but the masses of the people; the workers, the peasants, the doctors, the clergy’ Nelson Mandela ‘None but ourselves can free our minds’ Bob Marley Contents List of Figures, Tables and Boxes..................................................................xi Abbreviations.............................................................................................. xiii South African Institutions
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Africa, Regionalism and the SADC1
    Southern Africa, regionalism and the SADC Southern Africa, regionalism and the SADC1 Johan F Kirsten School of Social and Government Studies Potchefstroom Campus North-West University Samevatting Suider-Afrika is `n belangrike streek in Afrika waar politieke en ekonomiese samewerking tussen state reeds dekades gelede `n aanvang geneem het. Dit was die geval selfs voor Uniewording in 1910, maar sedert die 1990`s het dit dramaties toegeneem. Die veranderde realiteit met betrekking tot regionalisme in Suider-Afrika het saamgeval met die beëindiging van Apartheid in Suid-Afrika en die gepaardgaande normalisering van internasionale verhoudinge in die streek. Dit is ook die geval dat die groei van regionalisme in Suider-Afrika en die positiewe ekonomiese en veiligheidsamewerking tussen die state van die streek wat daaruit gevloei het, direk verband hou met die beëindiging van die burgeroorloë in Mosambiek (1992) en Angola (2002) en die endemiese algemene konflik wat so kenmerkend van Afrika was in die tweede helfte van die twintigste eeu. Die “wedloop om Afrika” en die eksterne buitelandse koloniale belange wat daarmee saamgeval het, het natuurlik baie bygedra tot die gebrek aan eenheid in Afrika. Die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG) het midde-in hierdie ontstuimige historiese omstandighede sy beslag as regionale organisasie in die sub-kontinent gekry. Veral sedert 1994 het politieke en ekonomiese interaksie skerp gegroei en het `n definitiewe regionale identiteit en bewussyn in Suider-Afrika begin ontwikkel. Regionalisme in Suider-Afrika word natuurlik spesifiek met die SAOG geassosieer as `n internasionale organisasie met `n tweeledige doel, naamlik die bevordering van ekonomiese integrasie en die versterking van regionale solidariteit , vrede en veiligheid in die streek.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining the Persistence of Rural Poverty in South Africa
    Explaining the Persistence of Rural Poverty in South Africa Expert Group Meeting on Eradicating Rural Poverty to Implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa, 27 February - 1 March 2017 Final Draft Andries du Toit Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies University of the Western Cape South Africa Du Toit – Explaining the Persistence of Rural Poverty in South Africa Introduction What are the reasons for the persistence of rural poverty in South Africa? Any answer needs to begin with the unusual nature of South Africa’s growth path. While our history is not unique — the patterns of colonial development, institutionalised racism, and brutal exploitation that characterise it are all too common throughout the developing world — these dynamics have in South Africa led to distinctive social and economic formations. As a result the configuration of rural poverty and inequality in South Africa is ‘extreme and exceptional’ (Bernstein 1996): atypical both among middle income countries worldwide and on the continent of Africa. But South Africa is not a complete outlier. The patterns and tendencies that are described here are significant for other countries in the postcolonial world. There is a danger that some of the dynamics that have exacerbated and perpetuated rural poverty in South Africa may be replicated elsewhere on the continent. Recent developments around the commercialization of agricultural land and the design of rural investment opportunities lead to the prospect that rural landscapes may start to resemble those created by inappropriate and poorly conceptualized development visions in South Africa (Hall, 2011). The following pages describe these dynamics, and raise questions about their implications.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Awards 2001
    CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The essence of this report is to share a tourism journey of progress with an unwavering commitment and dedication to achieve excellence. I joined the NCTA in 1998 as the Chief Executive Officer. The infancy years we were faced with many challenges relating to limited resources and organizational infra-structure. The period 1999-2001 focused on developing and implementing an organizational and an institutional framework to execute our mandate efficiently and effectively. Resultantly the years ahead reflects a remarkable tourism growth trajectory and a corporate governance of excellence. The provincial investment into tourism resulted in high returns over the years, with a positive impact that extended beyond the province to the rest of the country. The value is inherent in the fact that by promoting the unique Northern Cape brand, its features and benefits as a tourist destination is really an investment in all aspects of the provincial fiscal health. Our successes over the years has been defined by the strategic management and consistency with which we communicate with the domestic and international market. We are resilient in the face of any who doubt that we can sustain the momentum. In a province where dreams have indeed come true, it is vital that everyone must pull together. This is a core Northern Cape strength. It is in our cultural DNA to work in partnership for the common benefit of Northern Cape communities. Through strategic partnering, we can continue to secure ongoing commitment and unfailing dedication. Through good corporate governance, the NCTA is able to effectively lobby for further public-private sector support.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration, Development and Urban Food Security
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier African Food Security Urban Network Reports and Papers 2012 No. 09: Migration, Development and Urban Food Security Jonathan Crush Balsillie School of International Affairs/WLU, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/afsun Part of the Food Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Crush, J. (2012). Migration, Development and Urban Food Security (rep., pp. i-51). Kingston, ON and Cape Town: African Food Security Urban Network. Urban Food Security Series No. 8. This AFSUN Urban Food Security Series is brought to you for free and open access by the Reports and Papers at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in African Food Security Urban Network by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN FOOD SECURITY SERIES NO. 9 AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) SOUTHERN AFRICAN MIGRATION PROGRAMME (SAMP) MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN FOOD SECURITY JONATHAN CRUSH SERIES EDITOR: JONATHAN CRUSH URBAN FOOD SECURITY SERIES NO. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The financial support of the Canadian Government for AFSUN through the CIDA UPCD Tier One program is acknowledged, as is the support of IDRC and OSISA for SAMP. The assistance of Cassandra Eberhardt, Bruce Frayne, Jane Battersby, Godfrey Tawodzera and Wade Pendleton is acknowledged. This report has also been published as SAMP Migration Policy Series No. 60. Cover Photograph: Peter Mackenzie for SAMP © AFSUN 2012, SAMP 2012 ISBN 978-1-920409-78-4 First published 2012 Production by Bronwen Müller, Cape Town All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Town Universityseptember of 6, Cape 2015 Town
    Shifting Economic Perceptions in South Africa: The Impact of Migration By Samuel C. Telzak TLZSAM001 A Dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Social Science in Sociology Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town UniversitySeptember of 6, Cape 2015 Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the encouragement and guidance of a number of individuals. First and foremost, I would like to thank Jeremy Seekings, Professor of Sociology and Political Studies, University of Cape Town, for his support and keen insights throughout this process. Nearly three years ago, he introduced me to the wonders of primary research and encouraged me to expand my academic horizons. Through countless hours of fieldwork and hundreds of pages of writing, his support has been invaluable. I am also extremely grateful to Thobani Ncapai of the Centre for Social Science Research, who has been my guide for much of the past three years. In both Cape Town and the rural Eastern Cape, his knowledge of and connections with the local communities proved indispensible. It is not an understatement to say that this research never would have happened without him.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Livelihoods and Landscapes in the Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: Past Influences and Future Trajectories
    Land 2015, 4, 1060-1089; doi:10.3390/land4041060 OPEN ACCESS land ISSN 2073-445X www.mdpi.com/journal/land/ Article Changing Livelihoods and Landscapes in the Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: Past Influences and Future Trajectories Sheona Shackleton 1,* and Marty Luckert 2 1 Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 2 Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, 515 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-46-603-7009. Academic Editors: Claudia A. Radel and Jacqueline M. Vadjunec Received: 30 June 2015 / Accepted: 5 November 2015 / Published: 19 November 2015 Abstract: This paper seeks to understand the drivers and pathways of local livelihood change and the prospects for transformation towards a more sustainable future. Data are used from several studies, and a participatory social learning process, which formed part of a larger project in two sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Secondary information from a wealth of related work is used to place our results within the historic context and more general trends in the country. Findings indicate that livelihoods in the rural Eastern Cape are on new trajectories. Agricultural production has declined markedly, at a time when the need for diversification of livelihoods and food security seems to be at a premium. This decline is driven by a suite of drivers that interact with, and are influenced by, other changes and stresses affecting local livelihoods. We distil out the factors, ranging from historical processes to national policies and local dynamics, that hamper peoples’ motivation and ability to respond to locally identified vulnerabilities and, which, when taken together, could drive households into a trap.
    [Show full text]