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Promotion of Sustainable Development in Asopos River Basin

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Promotion of Sustainable Development in Asopos River Basin Promotion of sustainable development in Asopos River Basin Name: Tzompras Theofanis Ub number: 11005120011 University: International Hellenic University Superviror: Ass.Prof Evangelinos Konstantinos Date: 30/12/2013 1 Abstract This project is concern the pollution in the Asopos River. The pollution mainly caused by human activities. Specifically for more than 40 years, the widely region of Asopos has been converted to an industrial zone. Hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI) is the main pollutant in groundwater. This project tries to promote a sustainable plan which includes environmental connection and social similarities concerning the pollution, perception and resistance. Social, government and business cooperate to find the best solution for the problem. An extend research which was basically include a questionnaire and a risk assessment in combination with the gathering information from old research was enough to complete the research. To sum up the project focus on the environmental, economic and social functions of Asopos. Moreover, identify the main social, economic and environmental impacts of degradation to promote sustainability in the area. The results of the research and the evidences suggest that different household profiles show different willingness to pay, depending on attitudes against the environmental damage, population age and place of residence. Finally, as it was expected the findings show a mistrust between different parts of the society(municipality, residents, local activists etc). 2 Table of contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Background history .................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Related legislation ......................................................................................................... 10 2. Literature review last........................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Asopos literature ........................................................................................................... 13 2.11 Pressures and impacts of pollution in Asopos River Basin ...................................... 13 2.2 River and Industrial pollution ........................................................................................ 16 2.3 Environment and economic growth .............................................................................. 16 2.4 Economic growth and society ....................................................................................... 18 2.5 Governmental and eco-social perspective .................................................................... 18 2.6 Social Movements ......................................................................................................... 20 2.7 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................ 21 3 Community ........................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 23 3.3 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................ 25 3.31 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 25 3.32 The questionnaire .................................................................................................... 26 4 Government.......................................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Political and Economic interaction ................................................................................ 31 5 Industries .............................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Management of Industrial Pollution: ............................................................................ 33 5.2 Plan and Priorities.......................................................................................................... 33 5.21 Use yardstick competition to improve environmental performance over time. .... 35 5.3 Promote Good Management ........................................................................................ 35 5.4 Ambient and Emissions Standards ................................................................................ 36 5.6 Comparative Risk Assessment ....................................................................................... 37 5.7 Issues in the Use of Risk Assessment ............................................................................ 37 5.71 Defining the Scope of the Analysis .......................................................................... 37 5.72 Quality of Data Required ......................................................................................... 39 3 6 Data Analysis and Discussion ................................................................................................ 41 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 41 6.1 Data collected ................................................................................................................ 41 6.2 Demographic Data ......................................................................................................... 56 6.3 Analysis and discussion ................................................................................................. 59 7 Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................................ 61 8 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 62 4 Figure 1 Industrial unit distribution and average daily flow of waste water for each industrial activity (m3/day) (Loizidou 2009) ............................................................................................ 13 Figure 2 Estimation of average flow of wastewater for the 3 main polluters for the next 20 years (m3/day) ........................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 3 Current ways of disposal of wastewater in Asopos (source: Loizidou 2009) ............ 15 Figure 4 The environmental Kuznets curve: a development-environment relationship ........ 17 Figure 5 Deaths due to cancer at Oinofyta (1988-2005) (source www.amen.gr) ................... 24 Figure 6 The draft strategy has been developed around this structure ................................. 34 Figure 7 Implementation plan ................................................................................................. 34 Figure 8 Environmental condition of the region ..................................................................... 41 Figure 9 Environmental issues in Asopos ................................................................................ 42 Figure 10 Underground water condition in the region of Asopos .......................................... 42 Figure 11 Use of water by boreholes (drinking-cooking) recent ............................................. 43 Figure 12 Use the water by boreholes (drinking-cooking) earlier ........................................... 43 Figure 13 Use of the water by boreholes (home use only) now ............................................. 44 Figure 14 Use the water by boreholes (home use only) earlier .............................................. 44 Figure 15 Source on information about the Asopos case ....................................................... 45 Figure 16 Aspects of the problem that residents are aware ................................................... 45 Figure 17 Importance of the problem for the region .............................................................. 46 Figure 18 Main impacts caused by the pollution .................................................................... 46 Figure 19 The main sources of pollution ................................................................................. 47 Figure 20 Does the pollution cause health issues? ................................................................. 47 Figure 21 Are the impacts on residents' economic situation? ................................................ 48 Figure 22 Are there impacts in the local economy? ................................................................ 48 Figure 23 Are there any impacts on the quality of agricultural products? ............................. 49 Figure 24 Are there any impacts on the quality on industrial products? ................................ 49 Figure 25 People who had face health problems .................................................................... 50 Figure 26 Change in habits because of the pollution .............................................................. 50 Figure 27 Impacts in habits because
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