DOCSLIB.ORG

Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells Through Upconversion Nanoparticles Insertion Mathilde Schoenauer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells Through Upconversion Nanoparticles Insertion Mathilde Schoenauer Enhancing perovskite solar cells through upconversion nanoparticles insertion Mathilde Schoenauer To cite this version: Mathilde Schoenauer. Enhancing perovskite solar cells through upconversion nanoparticles insertion. Materials. Sorbonne Université, 2018. English. NNT : 2018SORUS369. tel-02865362 HAL Id: tel-02865362 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02865362 Submitted on 11 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Doctoral School Physique et Chimie des Matériaux (ED 397) LPEM, ESPCI Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells Through Upconversion Nanoparticles Insertion THESIS In order to obtain the title of Philosophiæ Doctor of Sorbonne Université Specialty: Material Sciences By Mathilde Schoenauer Sebag Directed by Zhuoying Chen and Lionel Aigouy Publically defended on the 28/09/2018 in front of a jury composed by: Mrs Christel Laberty-Robert President of the jury LCMP, UPMC Mrs Emmanuelle Deleporte Reviewer LAC, ENS Cachan Mr Antonio Garcia-Martin Reviewer IMN, CSIC Mr Artem A. Bakulin Member of the jury Imperial College London Mr Lionel Aigouy Ph.-D. Supervisor LPEM, ESPCI Mrs Zhuoying Chen Ph.-D. Director LPEM, ESPCI Acknowledgments There are many people my gratitude goes to. Starting with Zhuoying, who showed strong motivation where I could be lacking of it, and who taught me how to seek for interesting results where all I could see was wasted time! Wherever my professional path takes me, I will try to adopt her determination and her skill to focalize and fix one thing at a time. Lionel has been during these three years a joyful and nevertheless scientifically solid base on which I was grateful to rely in the hopeless moments. The cocktail I shall drink for the next years, made by Lionel: a powerful mix of slyness and handy skills, being serious and playing down at the same time ! My gratitude goes to our team which also counts Laurent, with whom it was a pleasure to work and chat, Hengyang, with whom we shared synthesis secrets, Hungju (Mr Simulation!), for his holy help and whom I thank for the norwegian dreams drifting across our discussions, as well as Cyrine, Tingting and Gabriel. This work would be much diminished without the help of Zhelu, whose kindness is one of the most sincere one I have ever seen. An inspiring balance between hard worker and world curious. I would like to thank the team in Chimie Paris we had the chance to work with, Patrick and Karmel. Tough though interesting doubting mornings are part of a research’s life! Big thank also to Zhipeng Shao for his precious help on perovskite fabrication. I had the chance to share my office with Silvanna, whose passionnate debates on italian traditions or plays or books brought my thoughts in some fresh nest before diving back in the inextricable science, Huyen and Jonathan. I am also thanking all the others students in the lab, passed or present: Louiza, Nathalie, Lorenzo, Marie, Anne, Fatimata, Alexis, Eva, Clément, Manon, Marion, Alex, François, Paul, Thomas, Robin and Joujou. Je voudrais également remercier Marie-Claude, pour les joyeuses et artistiques discussions, ainsi que Sophie. Francis, toujours très disponible et serviable, m’a beaucoup aidé et je lui souhaite le tour du monde qu’il mérite. Je remercie Armel, dont les bonnes ondes ne font qu’à peine finir de s’estomper, Bruno Bresson, pour son aide au MEB et sa bienveillance, et Hervé Aubin et Cheryl Palma-Feuillet pour leur aide également au MEB. Les observations au TEM n’auraient pas été faisables sans la disponibilité et la gentillesse de Tianzhen, et l’utilisation de l’évaporateur du LPEM m’a été accordée avec élégance par Stéphane Holé. Je tiens également à remercier l’équipe du plateau technique de l’IPGG, Olivier, Guillaume et Guillaume. Merci à Nicolas Sanson, Thomas, Sandrine et Nicolas Lequeux, qui à 4 m’ont apporté un indispensable éclairage quant à la magie des nanobâtonnets. Merci également à Kamran, pour ses encouragements et les fenêtres ouvertes sur des étendues désertiques et autres récits, et Yannick de Wilde pour avoir eu confiance en une chimiste. La vie au labo n’aurait été sans commune comparaison si l’équipe de choc Réré-Wiwi-Dada avait manqué à l’appel. Merci à Rémi, un homme sans pareil, avec qui il est toujours agréable de plonger dans une piscine, à Dada, qui sait offrir les meilleures pauses café que l’univers ait songé à créer, sans parler des résolutions de problèmes physiques, et bien sûr Herr Rischau, mit wem reden heisst fliessen, über Wahrheit und Rationalität. I am profoundly thankful to Ni Zhao and her team to have welcomed me in CUHK, in particular Jason Cao and Yang Zhou who spent extra time with me at the lab to form me. The discussions with Yang were of precious help for the understanding of the complexity of perovskite material and of Chinese culture. I would also like to thank the team in Madrid Antonio and Maria, as well as the team in Cambridge, Jiangbin and Artem. Je remercie l’équipe du Laboratoire de Physique Expérimentale de Centrale Supélec composé de Gloria et Franz, et mes collègues doctorants-enseignants Cyrille et Delphine. L’enseignement y a été un grand plaisir. Il existe des professeurs, disseminés ici et là dans les universités les lycées les collèges les écoles, qui ont conféré une certaine magie à la physique et la chimie, grâce à leur talents de conteurs modernes, ou bien qui ont encouragé ma curiosité. Je leur adresse une pensée : de Mr Sabban à Mr Barbet- Massin, de Ludovic Tortech à Didier Gourier, dont la pédagogie n’a d’égale que la passion pour son domaine, Mr Nasset (1ere), la toute première professeure de Physique-Chimie à Epin dont le nom m’échappe, à Madame Delay (CP), merci à Mr Barboux, et aux coffrets pour chimistes en herbes des années 60 glanés chez Emmaus. Je voudrais remercier le monsieur de la sécurité dont je ne connais toujours pas le prénom malgré nos longues discussions sur Baden Baden ou l’impunité, et le personnel du ménage, qui travaille discrètement à ce que nos poubelles soient vidées. Merci au SDF Brice qui dort dans la rue derrière l’ESPCI et qui vend des livres d’histoires et qui en a toujours de bonnes à raconter (des histoires). Merci à l’école républicaine, bien que l’égalité des chances ait encore du chemin devant elle. I would like to thank things and immaterial things, which have participated to my comfort and my fulfilment during those years: la route des thés pour les voyages orientaux que ses saveurs parfumées m’ont permis de réaliser tout en restant dans le 5e arrondissement, le mug dont l’imperfection rend le contact réconfortant, la boulangerie Morange de la rue mouffetard pour les pains au chocolat succulents, ainsi que les artistes qui m’inspirent et grâce auxquels une journée pluvieuse à l’ESPCI à taper un manuscrit peut se transformer momentanément et aléatoirement en souk, en salle à la population exigeante, en marathon plein d’adrénaline, en voyage à bord d’un taxi brousse malien, en chevauchée mongole, en pub british, en arène antique : Bambooman, Joni Void, Boston 168, Verdi, Matmos, Ali Farka Touré, Ballaké Cissoko, Leopold Nord, Roman Fluegel, , Liu Fang, Francis Bebey, Oumou Sangaré , Huun Hur Tu, Matthew Herbert, Dakha Brakha, Tosca, Tinariwen… Merci aux arbres supports de ce manuscrit. Et ceux qui font, ont fait et feront qui je suis. Mes partenaires musicaux : Olivier, Guigui, Marc, Tony, Stefan, Tom, Min-Jung. Mention pour celui qui a en partie réveillé tout cela (et pour son inspirante approche), Fred ! Et Théis pour sa savante lanterne. Merci à Alister pour m’avoir passé le pied à l’étrier de la MAO, pour l’olivier qui nous survivra. L’impro Erard, qui a vu le jour en même temps que ce travail, pour leur énergie et leur malice, pour les moments sur scène, autant ceux où l’on brille que ceux on l’on choie piteusement, et pour ceux à venir : Debbie, Lucille, Momo, Auré, Faysal, Tom, Matthieu, Adibou, Paul R et Paul B, Raph, Geoffrey, Maxime, Simon, Théo, Cécile, Sylvain, Guillaume, Caroline et Clément. Ma vie théâtrale fut également marquée pendant ces 3 ans par mon passage chez la compagnie des Gens Pensent Pas Moins dont je tiens à saluer les membres inspirés ! La famille a deux noms, et je tiens à saluer tous les cousins pour ces moments où l’on n’a plus à rien prouver : Gohu, Timothée, Jérôme, Banal, Maxime, Benoit, Toux, Nayan, Phosfaure, Deub, Manillas et Yomgui. Je voudrais aussi remercier mon grand ami petit, Jugurtha, empereur de l’émerveillement et qui représente une base si solide qu’elle en devient piédestal, et Rémi pour sa sage légèreté. I need to thank those who boost my summers and make winter shorter by invading my space and thoughts with exotic memories and languages, Katya, Henry, Dan, Martin, Josh, Sam, Elsa, Paul Seelman, le grand Gaspard, Brandon, Pat le roi, and Miki. Les camarades chimistes, Brice, Caroline, Thomas, Mathilde, Florian, Marie, Mylord, je les salue et lève mon bécher à leur santé. Je voudrais remercier les amis « non groupés » pour l’enchantement qu’ils me procurent, les histoires qu’ils me racontent, les progrès qu’ils m’aident à faire, pour les conversations, les désaccords et la fourberie dont ils sont capables, merci à vous Capucine, Irène, Sophie, Hugo Partouche, Eliott, Elliot et Clara, Arthur et Zoé, Esther, Robin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Photon Upconversion Based on Sensitized Triplet–Triplet Annihilation
    Coordination Chemistry Reviews 254 (2010) 2560–2573 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Coordination Chemistry Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ccr Review Photon upconversion based on sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation Tanya N. Singh-Rachford, Felix N. Castellano ∗ Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States Contents 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................2560 1.1. Original experimental observations of TTA in solution ......................................................................................2560 1.2. Requirements for the sensitizer and acceptor/annihilator molecules .......................................................................2561 2. Photon upconversion in solution ....................................................................................................................2561 2.1. Development of metal–organic upconverting compositions ................................................................................2561 2.2. Upconversion quantum yields ............................................................................................................... 2565 2.3. Triplet–triplet annihilation rate constants in solution.......................................................................................2566 3. Alternative acceptor/annihilators....................................................................................................................2567
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Simulation of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Solar Cells
    FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITÄT ERLANGEN-NÜRNBERG TECHNISCHE FAKULTÄT • DEPARTMENT INFORMATIK Lehrstuhl für Informatik 10 (Systemsimulation) Optical Simulation of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Solar Cells Constantin Vogel Master Thesis Optical Simulation of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Solar Cells Constantin Vogel Master Thesis Aufgabensteller: Prof. Dr. Ch. Pflaum Betreuer: M. Sc. J. Hornich, Dr. K. Forberich Bearbeitungszeitraum: 01.07.2015–18.01.2015 Erklärung: Ich versichere, dass ich die Arbeit ohne fremde Hilfe und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Quellen angefertigt habe und dass die Arbeit in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegen hat und von dieser als Teil einer Prüfungsleistung angenommen wurde. Alle Ausführungen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß übernommen wurden, sind als solche gekennzeichnet. Der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, vertreten durch den Lehrstuhl für Systemsimulation (Informatik 10), wird für Zwecke der Forschung und Lehre ein einfaches, kostenloses, zeitlich und örtlich unbeschränktes Nutzungsrecht an den Arbeitsergebnissen der Master Thesis einschließlich etwaiger Schutzrechte und Urheberrechte eingeräumt. Erlangen, den 18. Januar 2016 . Acknowledgements I want to thank Christoph Pflaum and Julian Hornich (LSS), Karen Forberich (iMEET), Robyn Klupp Taylor and Fabrizio-Zagros Sadafi (LFG) for their productive collaboration. 4 Abstract Energy is a resource that experiences shortage due to climate change and consequences mankind has drawn. Thus, research tries to boost efficiency
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Photochemistry and Light Upconversion
    Introduction to Photochemistry and Light Upconversion CT Japan Photochemistry Workshop Tomoyasu Mani Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 10/29/2019 1 Department of Chemistry at the University of Connecticut • @ Storrs, CT • 26 tenure‐track or tenured professors • Located in the Chemistry Building • 65 cutting‐edge research and teaching labs 2 From Low to High Upconversion Based on Triplet-Triplet Annihilation https://mani.chem.uconn.edu/photochem-workshop/ 3 Energy Flows High to Low Potential Energy © Science Media Group. ©The McGraw‐Hill 4 Energy Flows Low to High ?? Potential Energy ©The McGraw‐Hill 5 What is Photochemistry? The chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, a chemical reaction is caused by using UV, visible, infrared light. 700 nm 600 nm 500 nm 400 nm 6 Why Important? Photosynthesis is Driven by Light! We can see “inside” by Light! 7 Converting Light to Something Else. Making Molecules with Light. Making Electricity from Light. 8 What is Going On? General Jablonski Diagram Singlet Manifold S3 S2 IC S1 Energy Photon Fluorescence Absorption Ground State IC = internal conversion 9 Photoexcitation = Excess Energy Singlet Manifold Excited S3 S2 IC S1 Energy Photon Fluorescence Absorption Ground Ground State State IC = internal conversion 10 Fluorescence Emission BLUE Light https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/biotechnology/Chemistry-Pictures-Laser-activated/97/web/2019/08 11 What is Going On? General Jablonski Diagram Singlet Manifold Triplet Manifold S3 T3 S2 T2 IC Triplet-triplet absorption
    [Show full text]
  • Deuteration of Perylene Enhances Photochemical Upconversion Efficiency
    Deuteration of Perylene Enhances Photochemical Upconversion Efficiency Andrew Danos,y Rowan W. MacQueen,y Yuen Yap Cheng,y Miroslav Dvoˇr´ak,z,k Tamim A. Darwish,{ Dane R. McCamey,x and Timothy W. Schmidt∗,y School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic, National Deuteration Facility, Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia, and School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail: [email protected] ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed ySchool of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia zDepartment of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Tech- nical University in Prague, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic {National Deuteration Facility, Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia xSchool of Physics, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia kSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 1 Abstract Photochemical upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation is a promising technol- ogy for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Previous studies have shown that the efficiency of upconversion depends largely on two rate constants intrinsic to the emitting species. Here we report that one of these rate constants can be altered by deuteration, leading to enhanced upconversion efficiency. For perylene, deuteration decreases the first order decay rate constant by 16±9 % at 298 K, which increases the linear upconversion response by 45±21% in the low excitation regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Application in Upconversion Displays
    Photophysics of Upconversion: Towards Application in Upconversion Displays zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer DOKTOR-INGENIEURIN (Dr.-Ing.) von der KIT-Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von M. Tech., Reetu Elza Joseph geb. in: Kottayam, Kerala, Indien Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17 Dezember 2020 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. Bryce Sydney Richards Korreferent: Priv.-Doz. Dr. rer. nat. Karl W. Krämer This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en Kurzfassung Der Regenbogen besteht aus sieben Farben. Von Violett nach Rot, nimmt die Photonenenergie des Lichts ab. Durch die Kombination der Energien von zwei roten Photonen kann ein blaues Photon erzeugt werden. Ein solcher Prozess wird als Upconversion (UC) bezeichnet. UC kann in organischen und anorganischen Systemen beobachtet werden. Zum Beispiel ist die Kombination von zwei roten Photonen zur Erzeugung von blauem Licht in einem organischen System möglich, das aus Platin(II)-Tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin und Perylen besteht. In anorganischen Systemen ist die Umwandlung von Nah-Infrarot (Photonen mit einer Energie, die geringer ist als die der roten Photonen, mit Wellenlängen zwischen 780 und 2500 nm) in sichtbares Licht häufiger. Diese Energieumwandlung wird durch Energieübertragung zwischen den leiterartigen, angeregten Energiezuständen ermöglicht, die in bestimmten Lanthanid-Ionen existieren. Insbesondere das dreiwertige Erbium-Ion (Er3+) ist wegen der Positionen seiner höheren angeregten Energiezustände, die bei Vielfachen tiefer liegender angeregter Zustände liegen, hervorzuheben. Bei der Sensibilisierung mit einem dreiwertigen Ytterbium-Ion (Yb3+), das effektiv nahinfrarotes Licht um 980 nm absorbieren und die Energie auf ein Er3+-Ion übertragen kann, werden vom Er3+-Ion verschiedene Emissionslinien im Sichtbaren beobachtet, wobei die stärksten im grünen und roten Bereich liegen.
    [Show full text]
  • Cds/Zns Core–Shell Nanocrystal Photosensitizers for Visible to UV Upconversion† Cite This: Chem
    Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue CdS/ZnS core–shell nanocrystal photosensitizers for visible to UV upconversion† Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2017,8, 5488 Victor Gray, a Pan Xia, b Zhiyuan Huang,c Emily Moses,c Alexander Fast,d Dmitry A. Fishman,d Valentine I. Vullev, c Maria Abrahamsson, a Kasper Moth- Poulsen a and Ming Lee Tang *c Herein we report the first example of nanocrystal (NC) sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation based photon upconversion from the visible to ultraviolet (vis-to-UV). Many photocatalyzed reactions, such as water splitting, require UV photons in order to function efficiently. Upconversion is one possible means of extending the usable range of photons into the visible. Vis-to-UV upconversion is achieved with CdS/ZnS core–shell NCs as the sensitizer and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) as annihilator and emitter. The ZnS shell was crucial in order to achieve any appreciable upconversion. From time resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption measurements we conclude that the ZnS shell affects the NC and triplet energy transfer (TET) from NC to PPO in two distinct ways. Upon ZnS growth the surface traps are passivated Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. Received 11th April 2017 thus increasing the TET. The shell, however, also acts as a tunneling barrier for TET, reducing the Accepted 30th May 2017 0 efficiency. This leads to an optimal shell thickness where the upconversion quantum yield (F UC)is DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01610g 0 maximized. Here the maximum F UC was determined to be 5.2 Æ 0.5% for 4 monolayers of ZnS shell on rsc.li/chemical-science CdS NCs.
    [Show full text]
  • Triplet-Sensitization by Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Near-Infrared-To-Visible Upconversion
    DEBBIE: Triplet-Sensitization by Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Near-Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Nwinhaus, Lea et al. "Triplet-Sensitization by Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Near-Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion." ACS Energy Letters 4, 4 (March 2019): 888-895 © 2019 American Chemical Society As Published 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00283 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123322 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Triplet-sensitization by lead halide perovskite thin films for near-infrared-to-visible upconversion Lea Nienhaus,‡,&,* Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena,† Sarah Wieghold,†,& Markus Einzinger,¶ Ting-An Lin,¶ Katherine E. Shulenberger,‡ Nathan D. Klein,‡ Mengfei Wu,¶ Vladimir Bulović,¶ Tonio Buonassisi,† Marc A. Baldo,¶,* and Moungi G. Bawendi‡,* ‡Department of Chemistry, ¶Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 *corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Lead halide-based perovskite thin films have attracted great attention due to the explosive increase in perovskite solar cell efficiencies. The same optoelectronic properties that make perovskites ideal absorber materials in solar cells are also beneficial in other light-harvesting applications and make them prime candidates as triplet sensitizers in upconversion via triplet- triplet annihilation in rubrene.
    [Show full text]
  • Template for Electronic Submission to ACS Journals
    Light Emitting Photon Upconversion Nanoparticles in the Generation of Transdermal Reactive Oxygen Species Martin Prieto a, ‡, Alina Y. Rwei c, d, ‡, Teresa Alejo a, Wei Tuo c, Maria Teresa Lopez-Franco a, Gracia Mendoza a, Victor Sebastian a, b, Daniel S. Kohane c* Manuel Arruebo a ,b,* a Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro - Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018-Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain b Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029-Madrid, Spain. c Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115. d Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. ‡: Both authors contributed equally to this work. 1 *: Corresponding authors: DSK ([email protected]) and MA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Common photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy do not penetrate the skin effectively. In addition, the visible blue and red lights used to excite such photosensitizers have shallow penetration depths through tissue. To overcome these limitations, we have synthesized ultraviolet and visible light emitting, energy-transfer based upconversion nanoparticles, and co-encapsulated them inside PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Nd3+ has been introduced as sensitizer in the upconversion nanostructures to allow their excitation at 808 nm. The subcytotoxic doses of the hybrid nanoparticles have been evaluated on different cell lines (i.e., fibroblasts, HaCaT, THP-1 monocytic cell line, U251MG, and mMSCs cells). Upon NIR light excitation the upconversion nanoparticles emitted UV and VIS light which consequently activated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    [Show full text]
  • Pushing the Efficiency Limits of Solar Cells with Molecular Photon Upconversion
    Pushing the Efficiency Limits of Solar Cells with Molecular Photon Upconversion Summary: The abundant and sustained nature of sunlight leaves little doubt that access to inexpensive solar energy conversion technology will play a pivotal role in future global health and sustainability. As such, it is necessary to generate less expensive cells and/or increase solar cell efficiencies in order to decrease module costs per energy generated ($/kWh). As a step towards this goal we have introduced an entirely new solar energy conversion strategy that incorporates molecular photon upconversion directly into a solar cell. Photon upconversion (UC)—combining low energy light to generate a higher energy light—is a strategy to efficiently utilize the previously unharnessed, low energy portions of the solar spectrum. Our efforts thus far have demonstrated that the mechanism is feasible but the proof-of-concept device efficiency is low. Here we propose the steps necessary to significantly increase device performance. If successful, this integrated upconversion solar cell will be a lower cost alternative to traditional silicon solar cells which could have far reaching global implication for the distribution and utilization of inexpensive renewable energy. I. Description of invention: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a promising alternative to traditional silicon solar cells because they can be generated using low cost, solution processable manufacturing. Since the mid-1990s the record DSSC efficiency has increased from 11% to 14.1%1 through incremental
    [Show full text]
  • Photon Upconversion Improvements Via Molecular Antennae and Their Applications
    Photon upconversion improvements via molecular antennae and their applications by David Jason Garfield A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Gabor Samorjai, Co-chair Professor P. James Schuck, Co-chair Professor Peidong Yang Professor Daniel M. Kammen Fall 2017 Photon upconversion improvements via molecular antenna and their applications Copyright ã David Jason Garfield 2017 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract Photon upconversion improvements via molecular antennae and their applications by David Jason Garfield Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor Gabor Samorjai, Co-chair Professor P. James Schuck, Co-chair The efficient conversion of low-energy, near-infrared (NIR) photons to higher energies promises advancements across a range of disparate fields, from more efficient solar energy capture to advanced biologic studies and therapies. At the forefront of this effort, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) contain an array of lanthanide ions alloyed into a ceramic matrix, most commonly NaYF4. These lanthanide ions possess a 4f orbital manifold with a series of ladder-like, long-lived electronic states, allowing the sequential absorption of NIR photons at relatively low photon flux. The electrons climb the 4f Stark levels, absorbing multiple photons from the excitation source before relaxing back to the ground state upon emission of a photon with an energy higher than those from the source. While UCNPs are among the most efficient systems for converting NIR light to visible, they still hold key limitations, namely, they only weakly absorb incoming photons, hindering their external quantum efficiencies and overall performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Visible-To-UV Photon Upconversion a Study of Annihilator Candidates for Upconversion Through Core-Shell Nanoparticle Sensitized Triplet-Triplet Annihilation
    1. CdS/ZnS sensitizer 3. Annihilator 2. Mediator O TET CdS N TTA TET ZnS Towards visible-to-UV photon upconversion A study of annihilator candidates for upconversion through core-shell nanoparticle sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation Master’s Thesis in Nanotechnology AXEL OLESUND Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2018 Towards visible-to-UV photon upconversion A study of annihilator candidates for upconversion through core-shell nanoparticle sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation AXEL OLESUND Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 2018 Towards visible-to-UV photon upconversion A study of annihilator candidates for upconversion through core-shell nanoparticle sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation AXEL OLESUND © AXEL OLESUND, 2018. Supervisor: Fredrik Edhborg, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Examiner: Bo Albinsson, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg Telephone +46 31 772 1000 Cover: Visualization of the mechanisms involved for transferring energy between participating compounds in sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation. Typeset in LATEX Gothenburg, Sweden 2018 iv Towards visible-to-UV photon upconversion A study of annihilator candidates for upconversion through core-shell nanoparticle sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation AXEL OLESUND Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Abstract Efficient harvesting of solar energy may provide the key to solving current global energy issues. Today's solar technologies have some limitations as they only exploit parts of the solar spectra efficiently. Upconversion (UC) is a promising concept where lower energy photons are transformed into photons of higher energy, and pro- vides a pathway to more efficient use of solar energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Progress in Photon Upconverting Gels
    Review Recent Progress in Photon Upconverting Gels Pankaj Bharmoria 1, Nobuhiro Yanai 1,2,* and Nobuo Kimizuka 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; [email protected] 2 PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.Y.); [email protected] (N.K.); Tel.: +81-92-802-2836 (N.Y.); +81-92-802-2832 (N.K.) Received: 5 March 2019; Accepted: 21 March 2019; Published: 26 March 2019 Abstract: Recent progress in the development of gels showing triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is reviewed. Among the two families of upconverting gels reported, those display TTA-UC based on molecular diffusion show performances comparable to those in solutions, and the TTA-UC therein are affected by dissolved molecular oxygen. Meanwhile, air-stable TTA-UC is achieved in organogels and hydrogels by suitably accumulating TTA-UC chromophores which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding networks of the gelators. The unique feature of the air-stable upconverting gels is that the self-assembled nanostructures are protected from molecular oxygen dissolved in the microscopically interconnected solution phase. The presence of the bicontinuous structures formed by the upconverting fibrous nanoassemblies and the solution phase is utilized to design photochemical reaction systems induced by TTA-UC. Future challenges include in vivo applications of hydrogels showing near infrared-to-visible TTA-UC. Keywords: photon upconversion; triplet-triplet annihilation; photoluminescence; oxygen blocking; self-assembly 1.
    [Show full text]