DOCSLIB.ORG

Cupids Bow Construction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cupids Bow Construction 34 PHI IT RUM CONTOURING AND CUPIDS BOW CONSTRUCTION JYII OPERATED LIPS WITH BILATERAL CLEFT HANG LIKE CURTAIN WITHOUT ANIMATION PHILTRUM DIMPLE OR CUPIDS BOW THIS CON DITION IS EASILY UNDERSTOOD AS THERE IS NO MUSCLE IN THE PROLABIUM AND THERE IS NO RESIDUAL OF THE NORMAL CUPIDS BOW OR DIMPLE IN THE BILATERAL CLEFT DEFORMITY IF THE VERTICAL LENGTH OF THE LIP IS WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS THE PROBLEMS OF THE CUPIDS BOW AND PHILTRUM DIMPLE BECOME PRIORITIES IN FACT IF THERE IS EVER TO BE BOW AND DIMPLEAND LIP WITHOUT THEM IS UNNATURALTHEY MUST BE HANDMADE IF CORRECTLY DESIGNED CUPIDS BOW AND DIMPLE CAN BE CREATED DURING THE PRIMARY SURGERY IF THEY WERE NOT THEN SECONDARY BOW AND DIMPLE FORMATION IS NECESSARY THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS OF ACHIEVING THIS GOAL DIMPLE MAKING EVEN WHEN THE BILATERAL SCARS HAVE BEEN PLACED STRATEGICALLY IN THE PHILTRUM COLUMN POSITIONS THE LIP STILL LOOKS UNNATURAL WITHOUT PHILTRUM HOLLOW FLANKED BY EMINENCES GOUGING PHITRUM GERALD OCONNOR AND MAR MCGREGOR OF ST FRANCIS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SAN FRANCISCO NOTED IN 1958 OBVIOUS ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES THAT IMMEDIATELY SINGLE OUT THE OPERATED CLEFT LIP FROM THE NORMAL ARE THE ABSENCE OR LACK OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORMAL PHILTRUM MEDIAN GROOVE EITHER PRE OR POSTOPERATIVELY 439 AFAR IMCREGOR THE ABSENCE LACK OF DEVELOPMENT OR ALIGNMENT OF THE NORMAL PROMI RHE RHE NENCE THAT IS IN THE UPPER LIP SKIN JUST ABOVE JUNCRION AT VERMILION BORDER THIS HAS BEEN CALLED THE WHITE LINE OR WHIRE ROLL GILLIES THEY CALLED IT THE CUTANEOUS UPIWEEP OF THE UPPER LIP NOTED THAT MARCKS AND TREVASKIS CLAIMED ITS PRESENCE IN ALL CASES AND OF EMPHASIZED ITS IMPORTANCE AS LANDMARK IN ALIGNMENT THE CLEFT LIP ELEMENTS OCONNORAND MCGREGOR ELABORATED ON THE FUNCTION OF THE PHILTRUM THE OF RHE TWO MEDIAL THE PHILTRUM BESIDES BEING POSSIBLY JUNCTION POINT SIDEWALLS NASAL SECRETIONS TO RUN DOWN NASAL PROCESSES HAS ELEVARED TO PERMIT LIKE FOR EITHER SIDE OF THE UPPER LIP AND THE CUTANEOUS UPSWEEP ACTS GUTTER FROM THE MOUTH PERSPIRATION OR NASAL SECRETIONS TO DRAIN AWAY OPENING ALSO IN THE PHILTRUM AND CUTANEOUS UPSWEEP ARE SO CONSTRUCTED OUR MOTIONS OF THE IN ALL OPINION TO PERMIT THE MANY AND VARIED LIPS DIRECTIONS JO LITTLE IS NEEDED IN THE THE GIVING EXTRA MATERIAL WHEN PLAY UPPER LIP EXCESS MATERIAL LIES IN SORT OF REVERSE FOLDED POSITION TO ACT AS READY AND BACK THE RESERVE FOR ALL COMPLICATED LIP MOTIONS YET SPRING TO NORM WHEN AT REST VT AS THEY POINTED OUT THE THIS PHILTRUM ABSENCE IS ACCENTUATED IN THE DOUBLE CLEFT LIP BY PROMI NENCE OF THE PROLABIUM AND THE PRESENCE OF THE FLATTENED SURGICAL JUNCTION SCARS ON EITHER SIDE OF THE PROLABIUM AND TO IMITATE THE PHILTRUM GROOVE CUTANEOUS UPSWEEP THEY ELEVATED THE SKIN OF THE PROLABIUM MIDVERTICAL SUBCUTANEOUS AND DOWN THE MIDDLE EACH FLAP BASED INFERIORLY WAS CUT SPLIT OF THE PRONGWHEN THREADED LATERALLY INTO TUNNEL ALONG THE ARCH LEFT CENTRAL BOW JUST UNDER THE MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION LINE THE SKIN HOLLOW AND EMPHASIZED THE BILATERAL UPSWEEP PROLABIAL MAINTAIN THE WAS SUTURED DEEP INTO THE HOLLOW IN AN ATTEMPT TO GROOVE HIS RESIDENTS RECENTLY MAR MCGREGORNICKNAMED FEARLESS BY ASKED BECAUSE OF HIS WILLINGNESS TO TAKE ON ANY PROBLEM WAS HOW REMINISCED THAT HE FELT ABOUT HIS PHILTRUM OPERATION TODAY HE THEY HAD DONE FOUR OF THESE PROCEDURES AND HAD BEEN ENCOURAGED AFTER FOR BY THE RESULTS OVER PERIOD OF ABOUT YEAR WHICH ONE 440 THE REASON OR ANOTHER PATIENTS WERE LOST TO FOLLOWUP THUS THEIR AND INGENIOUS ORIGINAL PRELIMINARY REPORT NOW15 YEARS WITHOUT RECORDS THAT OCONNOR AND PFLOTOGTAPLLL SUGGESTS MCGREGOR COMBINED THE ECONOMY OF THE SCOTS IN ITS CONCEPTION WITH HIT OF THE IRISH THEREAFTER IN OF OF THE BLARNEY SPITE THE INGENIOUS FRE TENDS DESIGN FOR SHIFTING PHILTRUM TISSUE NATURE TO SMOOTH OUT WEVTT MANMADE DEPRESSIONS IN THE UPPER LIP WHICH ALWAYS HAVE BEEN AND CONTINUE TO BE AS ELUSIVE AS LEPRECHAUNS AND ALPS VALLEYS AR THE ROME INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS IN 1967 AUSTRIAN OTTO NEUNER OF BERNE UNIVERSITY DENTAL INSTITUTE SWITZERLAND PRE SENTED SOME IMPRESSIVELY ARTISTIC SECONDARY CORRECTIONS OF BILATERAL CLEFTS ONE OF THE METHODS HE DESCRIBED WAS REMARKABLY SIMILAR TO OF THAT OCONNORAND MCGREGOR HE TRANSPOSED TWO INFERIORLY BASED SUBCUTANEOUS FLAPS FROM THE MIDVERTICAL TO THE LATERAL HORIZONTAL POSITION TO CREATE PHIFTRUM HOLLOW AND THE ELEVA OF BOW RIONS CUPIDS CURVE THE CASE HE PRESENTED HAD PHOTO GRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF DIMPLE TO THIS HE ADDED BILATERAL VY OTTO NEUNER VERMILION ADVANCEMENTS TO ACCENTUATE THE RED LIP EVERSION AND THE CENTRAL RUBERCLE OF THE BOW II II THE ROLLOVER THERE IS ALSO POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN THE BILATERAL CLEFT LIP OF ONIZUKAS 1971 UNILATERAL PHILTRUM ROLLOVER FLAP 441 ALSO FOLLOWS ONIZUKAS PHIL AN EVEN BETTER DOUBLE ROLLOVER THE OF TAKING TISSUE TRUM ADAPTATION OF GREAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE IT WHERE IT IS NEEDED FROM WHERE IT IS NOT WANTED AND MOVING TO CHONDROCUTANEOUSPHILTRUM STATED IN INNOVATIVE EDWARD SCHMID OF STUTTGART GERMANY AN ABSENT PHILTRUM HAVE GIVEN SO FAR NONE OF THE ATTEMPTS TO RECONSTRUCT RESULT IN PRACTICED PHILTRAL IMITATION SATISFACTORY LEXER PARTICULAR OF BILATERAL CLEFT FOTMATION IN WHOMNO AFTERDEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH OUR SOLUTION IS TO TAKE SUITABLE CURANEOCARTI THE PHILTRUM CAN OCCUR THESE AS FROM THE EAR AND TRANSPLANT COMPOSITE GRAFTS LAGINOUS FRAGMENTS OBRAINED PERMANENT TROUGHSHAPED GROOVES ARE INTO THE UPPER LIP ELEVATIONS TO THE SIDES OF THE WHICH ARE BORDERED BY LATERAL CORRESPONDING TO THE BY THE CARTILAGE IT IS POSSIBLE PHILTRUM OWING TO SUPPORT GIVEN IN THE CENTER WHICH ARE SHORTENED STRETCH LIPS SLIGHTLY EDWARD SCHMID WITH THE CENTRAL SCHMID USED COMPOSITE AURICULAR GRAFTS POR THINNED TO AID IN PHILTRUM TION OF THE CARTILAGE OR PERFORATED OF THE WAS HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION WHEN THE ENTIRE SKIN PHILTRUM THE GRAFT SCARRED THE ENTIRE PHILTRUM WAS REPLACED BY COMPOSITE 442 AND COMMONER MORE INTRIGUING APPLICATION OF THIS PRINCIPLE QN INVOLVED USE OF PHILTRUMSHAPED AURICULAR CARTILAGE PERFORATED IN THE CENTER AND CARRYING WITH IT ONLY THE AMOUNT OF SKIN NECES THE OF THE BOW AS DESCRIBED SARY TO CREATE TIP PHILTRAL BY SCHMID OF THE THE VERMILION IS FROM THE AND IN THE ZONE PHILTRUM SEPARATED LIP MADE IN THE LATTER TUNNEL IS THE CARTILAGE FRAGMENT WITHOUT SKIN CAN NOWBE INTRODUCED INTO THE SUBCUTANEOUS SPACE WHILE THE SKIN ATTACHED TO THE IS SUTURED BETWEEN THE AND CARTILAGE LIP THE VERMILION WHICH WAS RETRACTED DOWNWARDS OF IN THE HAVE PIECES CARTILAGE LIP NEVER BEEN PARTICULARLY ENTICING TO MC BUT SCHMID FACED THE PROBLEM HEAD ON HAVE BEEN ASKED WHETHERSUCH OF DID IMPLANTATIONS CARTILAGE NOT IMPAIR THE PATIENT SENSITIVITY EG DURING KISSING HAVE ASKED MY PATIENTS THIS AND THEIR ANSWERS HAVE REASSURED ME OTHER STIFF UPPER LIPS NEUNER OF BERNE CONFIRMED IN ROME IN 1967 THE VALUE OF SCHMIDS AURICULAR IN FORMATION CARTILAGE GRAFT THE OF PHILTRUM HOLLOW IFE ADVOCATED USE OF THE CARTILAGE WITH PREFORMED HOLLOW FROM THE SCAPHOID FOSSA OF THE EAR INSERTED THROUGH MIDVERTICAL MUCOSAL INCISION CUPIDS BOW IN BILATERAL CLEFTS IN THE BILATERAL THERE IS OF ORIGINAL CLEFT NO VESTIGE CUPIDS BOW AND ONLY BY SHAPING THE PROLABIUM AND EVEN ITS INFERIOR BORDER 443 AND IN LATERAL VERMILION OR VERMILION POSSIBLY BRINGING FLAPS FLAPS RIDGED WITH MUCOCUTANEOUS WHITE ROLL RIDGE CAN SEMBLANCE OF BOWBE CREATED IF THIS PROCEDURE HAS NOR BEEN DONE PRIMAR ILY THERE ARE WAYS AND MEANS OF SECONDARY BOW CONSTRUCTION TRANSFORMING BLAIRBROWN INTO HAGEDORNLEALESURIER WHEN TRIANGULAR FLAPS FROM THE LATERAL LIP SEGMENTS HAVE BEEN SLID TOWARD EACH OTHER BELOW THE INFERIOR EDGE OF THE PROLABIUM TO TOUCH TIP TO RIP AS IN THE BLAIRBROWN METHOD OFTEN SINGLE MUCOCURANEOUS ARC IS CREATED WITH THE SUGGESTION OF CENTRAL VERMILION WHISTLING DEFORMITY THE ADVANTAGE OF THE HAGE DORNLEMESURIER METHOD WAS THAT IT CREATED AN ARTIFICIAL CUPID BOW THUS BY TURNING THE TRIANGULAR FLAPS WITH ADDITIONAL EXCISIONS INTO QUADRILATERAL FLAPS WIDER AT THEIR MEDIAL ENDS THE SEMBLANCE OF CUPIDS BOW IS ACHIEVED EVEN WITH MIDLINE TUBERCLE WEEKS POSTOPERATIVE THE UNNATURAL POSITION OF THE SKIN SCARS OF COURSE IS MORE NOTICEABLE WEEKS AFRER BUT FOREVER THREE SURGERY WILL DETRACT IN SOME DEGREE FROM THE ULTIMATE RESULT 444 BOW GIUJES CUPIDS OPERATION ANOTHER SECONDARY METHOD OF CREATING AN ARTIFICIAL CUPIDS BOW SIR HAROLD GILLIES IN THIS WAS INGENIOUSLY DESIGNED BY 1932 WAS INCIDENTALLY THE ONE OF HIS ARTISTIC PROCEDURES THAT PROPELLED ME FOR OF TO CROSS THE ATLANTIC STUDY WITH HIM WENT TO LEARN AND OF BOWSBUT IN THE WAS ALSO PHILTRUMS CUPIDS PROCESS TAUGHT OF TROUTS TRICKS OF SHOESAND SHIPSAND SEALINGWAXOF CABBAGESAND KINGS OF THE SIX IN IT WAS SAID THAT GILLIES WAS ONE TOP FLYFISHERMEN HE AND HIS STRETCH OF THE ENGLAND ONE DAY WERE STROLLING ALONG THE THE SECTION OF RIVER TEST IN MAYFLY SEASON MY MIND WAS ON LIP OUR BOOK REALIZED THAT WHEN THE MUCOCUTANEOUS LINE CURVES WITHOUT ANY PEAKS BUT THE LIP IS LOOSE WITH NO REASON TO INSERT AN ABBE FLAP THE GILLIES CUPIDS BOW PROCEDURE CAN BE USEFUL TRIED TO DRAW HIM OUT ON THIS SUBJECT BUT HE SIMPLY COUNTERED BY HOOK OF TOBACCO TIN AND WITH FLOSS SILK TIED PICKING OUT GREEN COCKS HACKLE AND FLUE FOR AND IDENTICAL FLY OF BROWN WINGS TAIL TO THE PALE WATERY OLIVE MAYFLIES HOVERING OVER THE QUIET RIVER THAT AFTERNOON ONLY AFTER CATCH WAS SIR HAROLD WILLING TO RETURN TO THE CUPIDS BOWAND THEN AND THERE WE COMPOSED FEW LINES FOR OUR 1957 PRINCIPLES AND ART FIRST ESTIMATE BY MEASUREMENT FROM THE ALAR BASE THE DESIRED LIFT MATK THE ELLIPTICAL SKIN AREAS AND EXCISE THEM THEN UNDERMINE THE LIP MUCOSA FROM SORR ITS MUSCLE EXCEPT AT THE CENTRAL POINT WHICH IS TO REMAIN FIXED NICK THE RIGHT MUSCLE BANDS AT THE CENTRE OF EACH HOW
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Six Steps to the “Perfect” Lip Deborah S
    September 2012 1081 Volume 11 • Issue 9 Copyright © 2012 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Journal of Drugs in Dermatology SPECIAL TOPIC Six Steps to the “Perfect” Lip Deborah S. Sarnoff MD FAAD FACPa and Robert H. Gotkin MD FACSb,c aRonald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY bLenox Hill Hospital—Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Institute, New York, NY cNorth Shore—LIJ Health Systems, Manhasset, NY ABSTRACT Full lips have always been associated with youth and beauty. Because of this, lip enhancement is one of the most frequently re- quested procedures in a cosmetic practice. For novice injectors, we recommend hyaluronic acid (HA) as the filler of choice. There is no skin test required; it is an easily obtainable, “off-the-shelf” product that is natural feeling when skillfully implanted in the soft tissues. Hyaluronic acid is easily reversible with hyaluronidase and, therefore, has an excellent safety profile. While Restylane® is the only FDA-approved HA filler with a specific indication for lip augmentation, one can use the following HA products off-label: Juvéderm® Ultra, Juvéderm Ultra Plus, Juvéderm Ultra XC, Juvéderm Ultra PLUS XC, Restylane-L®, Perlane®, Perlane-L®, and Belotero®. We present our six steps to achieve aesthetically pleasing augmented lips. While there is no single prescription for a “perfect” lip, nor a “one size fits all” approach for lip augmentation, these 6 steps can be used as a basic template for achieving a natural look. For more comprehensive, global perioral rejuvenation, our 6-step technique can be combined with the injection of neuromodulating agents and fractional laser skin resurfacing during the same treatment session.
    [Show full text]
  • Macroanatomical Investigations on the Oral Cavity of Male Porcupines (Hystrix Cristata)
    Walaa Fadil Obead et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 10(3), 2018, 623-626 Macroanatomical investigations on the oral cavity of male Porcupines (Hystrix cristata) Walaa Fadil Obead1, Abdularazzaq baqer kadhim2 , fatimha Swadi zghair2 1Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine'' University of Kerbala, Iraq. 2Division of Anatomy and Histology'', Faculty of Veterinary Medicine'' University of Qadysiah, Iraq. Abstract: ''Six adult males hystrix crestate was utilizes to decide the district anatomy of their mouth. The mouth was the advent via disjunct the temporo-mandibular united and the topographically and Morphometric tagged of the tongue, cheek pouch, major salivary glands, palate, lips and teeth were studied. The upper flange discovered a philtrum rollover from ''the median bulkhead of the nostrils and terminating at the oral chapping in a dissimilarity triangle to depiction the elongated incisors''. The lower flange bent a smooth arch ventral to the upper flange. A standard number of jagged Palatine ridges are eight. Histological appearance of the tongue was confirmed after staining of the eosin and the haematoxylin. The parotid, the mandibular, and the sublingual are major salivary glands were well developed''. This labor information baseline investigates data on the anatomy of the Hystrix cristata mouth and will have usefulness informative the adaptive appearance in this rodent to its lifestyle, habitat and diet. Keyword: Oral cavity, Tongue, Salivary gland, Palate, Hystrix crestate. INTRODUCTION sublingual organs be inverse and fine urbanized.'' (9, 10).The aim ''Rodents include main and the majority varied collection of of the study anatomy and histology of oral cavity of porcupian. mammals through over 1700 dissimilar types (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Oral-Peripheral Examination
    Oral-Peripheral Examination SCSD 632 Week 2 Phonological Disorders 3. General Cautions Relating to the Oral-Peripheral Examination a. Use your initial impressions of the child’s speech and facial characteristics to guide your examination. b. Remember that one facial or oral abnormality may be associated with others. c. If you suspect an abnormality in structure or function you may want to get a second opinion from a more experienced SLP or an SLP who specializes in craniofacial or motor-speech disorders before initiating referrals to other professionals. d. Remember that in the case of most “special” conditions, it is not your role to diagnose the condition; rather it is your responsibility to make appropriate referrals. e. Remember that in Canada you cannot usually refer directly to a specialist; be sensitive in your approach to the family doctor or referring physician. f. Be sensitive about how you present your results to parents, especially when you are recommending referrals to other professionals. The parents have the right to refuse the referral. g. An oral-peripheral examination is at least as important for your young patients as for your older patients. 1 Oral-Peripheral Examination | Oral and Facial Structure z Face z Lips z Teeth z Hard palate z Soft palate z Tongue When you perform an oral-peripheral examination what are you looking for when you examine each of the following structures? a. Facial Characteristics: overall expression and appearance, size, shape and overall symmetry of the head and facial structures b. Teeth: maxillary central incisors should extend just slightly over the mandibular central incisors; the lower canine tooth should be half-way between the upper lateral incisor and the upper canine tooth c.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleft-Lip-And-Palate-Repair.Pdf
    Dr. Alyssa Smith: Hello everyone. Welcome to another episode of ENT in a nutshell. My name is Alyssa Smith. And today, we're joined by pediatric otolaryngologist, Dr. Raj Petersson. In this episode, we'll be discussing cleft lip and palate. Thanks for being here Dr. Petersson. Dr. Raj Petersson: Thank you so much for having me. Dr. Alyssa Smith: So, let's first talk about presentation. How do these patients typically present? Dr. Raj Petersson: Most of the time, actually, if it's cleft lip, they will present after prenatal detection. So, ultrasound is pretty good for detecting cleft lips. We'd say about 95% of the time they can be picked up by trans vaginal ultrasound as early as 13 weeks, and probably around 80% through trans abdominal ultrasound, but the resolution isn't Quite as good. But most of the time, these are going to get picked up beforehand. Sometimes, in literature, you might see that the rates are 16 to 93% detection with ultrasound, 2D ultrasound. And I think some of that speaks to the experience of the ultrasonographer and knowing what to look for. But most of the cleft lips are going to be diagnosed on ultra sound prenatally. Cleft palate though is very hard to see. So, it's rare that if it's cleft palate only that you're going to pick it up on ultrasound. A lot of times, when they pick up the cleft lip, they will just call it cleft lip and palate, and just lump it together. And most of the time, they're going to be right because usually we're going to see a palate with a lip just in terms of freQuency.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Perioral Anatomy
    2.0 ANCC CE Contact Hours Understanding the Perioral Anatomy Tracey A. Hotta , RN, BScN, CPSN, CANS gently infl ate and cause lip eversion. Injection into Rejuvenation of the perioral region can be very challenging the lateral upper lip border should be done to avoid because of the many factors that affect the appearance the fade-away lip. The client may also require injec- of this area, such as repeated muscle movement caus- tions into the vermillion border to further highlight ing radial lip lines, loss of the maxillary and mandibular or defi ne the lip. The injections may be performed bony support, and decrease and descent of the adipose by linear threading (needle or cannula) or serial tissue causing the formation of “jowls.” Environmental puncture, depending on the preferred technique of issues must also be addressed, such as smoking, sun the provider. damage, and poor dental health. When assessing a client Group 2—Atrophic lips ( Figure 2 ): These clients have for perioral rejuvenation, it is critical that the provider un- atrophic lips, which may be due to aging or genetics, derstands the perioral anatomy so that high-risk areas may and are seeking augmentation to make them look be identifi ed and precautions are taken to prevent serious more youthful. After an assessment and counseling adverse events from occurring. as to the limitations that may be achieved, a treat- ment plan is established. The treatment would begin he lips function to provide the ability to eat, speak, with injection into the wet–dry junction to achieve and express emotion and, as a sensory organ, to desired volume; additional injections may be per- T symbolize sensuality and sexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • General Anatomy of Gastro-Intestinal System
    General Anatomy of Gastro-IntesTinal System The teeth, Oral cavity, Tongue, Salivary glands, Pharynx. Their vessels and innervation IKIvo Klepáček Primordium of the alimentary canal (GastroInTestinal Canal) GIT devel– systema gastropulmonale – it develops from the embryonal intestine (entoderm) ; lower respiratory structurses are splitted from intewstine as a tracheobronchial pouch Ventral (head) intestine part is added to ectodermal pouch called stomodeum, caudal part of the intestine is added to ectodermal pouch called proctodeum Division of the alimentary tract: 1) oral ectodermal segment 2) main entodermal segment 3) caudal ectodermal segment děivision of the main segment: ventral gut (foregut – to biliary duct opening) middle gut (midgut – to 2/3 colon) IKdorsal gut (hindgut – to upper part of the anal canal Digestive System: Oral cavity (ectodermal origin) The gut and ist derivatives (entodermal origin) is devided in four sections: 1. Pharyngeal gut or pharynx 2. Foregut - esophagus, stomach, ¼ of duodenum, liver and gallblader, pancreas 3. Midgut – ¾ of duodenum, jejujnum, ilium, colon caecum, colon ascendens and 2/3 of colon transversum 4. Hindgut – 1/3 of colon transversum, colon descendens, colon sigmoideum, colon rectum, IKcanalis analis IK Alimentary tube (canal) - general structure – tunica mucosa (mucous membrane 1 • epithelium • lamina propria mucosae (lymph tissue) • lamina muscularis mucosae – tunica submucosa (submucous layer) – vessels, erves (plexus submucosus Meissneri) – tunica muscularis externa 7 (outer
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Ageing Lip
    AESTHETIC FOCUS Anatomy of the ageing lip With lip augmentation an ever popular option for those seeking more youthful looks it is vital that practitioners have a proper understanding of anatomy. In the first of our two-part special focus on lipsDr Foutsizoglou provides a comprehensive guide to function and anatomy. BY SOTIRIOS FOUTSIZOGLOU he lips are pliable, mobile, muscular folds that encircle the opening of the oral cavity. They contain the orbicularis oris and superior and inferior labial vessels and nerves. The lips are covered externally by skin and internally by mucous membrane. A sagittal cut through the lip can reveal the layers of soft tissue that form this relatively simple anatomical structure. That is, from Tsuperficial to deep: skin, superficial fat compartment, orbicularis oris muscle, deep fat compartment and mucosa. The lips are used for grasping food, sucking liquids, clearing food from the oral vestibule, forming speech, osculation, and controlling the size of the oral aperture. Functions of the lips as part of the tactile senses. Lips are very sensitive to touch, warmth and cold. Food intake Lips serve to close the mouth airtight shut, Erogenous zone to hold food and drink inside. Because of their high number of nerve endings, the lips are an erogenous zone. Mastication The lips therefore play a crucial role in Lips help to hold food between upper and osculation and other acts of intimacy. lower teeth during chewing. Facial expressions Figure 1: Anatomical landmarks of the lip. Deglutition The lips form an integral part of facial Lips push food into the oral cavity proper expression e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Mucocele of the Upper Lip: Case Report of an Uncommon Presentation and Its Differential Diagnosis
    C LINICAL P RACTICE Mucocele of the Upper Lip: Case Report of an Uncommon Presentation and Its Differential Diagnosis • Indra Z. Mustapha, DDS, MS • • Stanley A. Boucree Jr, DDS, MD, MPH • Abstract This report describes a lesion of the upper lip that was definitively diagnosed by histologic examination as a muco- cele or mucus retention phenomenon. The usual location of mucoceles is the lower lip. This case illustrates an uncommon presentation of mucocele with respect to symptoms, location and duration. The features of a variety of oral lesions are discussed and compared, to help clinicians in establishing an appropriate differential diagnosis. MeSH Key Words: biopsy; diagnosis, differential; lip diseases/pathology; mucocele/pathology © J Can Dent Assoc 2004; 70(5):318–21 This article has been peer reviewed. mucocele is a mucus retention phenomenon of the tion of mucoceles. Cohen and others8 observed that, of major and, more commonly, the minor salivary 63 mucoceles, 82% were found on the lower lip, 8% on the glands.1 This lesion has also been called a mucus buccal mucosa, 3% on the retromolar area, and 1% on the A 2 extravasation phenomenon. Although such a lesion can occur palate. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology collected anywhere in the oral mucosa, the term mucocele has been data on 2,339 cases of mucocele and found that 33.0% applied only infrequently to lesions of the upper lip.3–5 occurred on the lower lip, 7.7% on the buccal mucosa, Mucoceles are usually associated with the minor salivary 6.3% on the floor of the mouth, 6.1% on the tongue and glands and hence are less likely to occur on the anterior hard only 0.4% on the upper lip.7 Curtis and Hutchinson9 docu- palate and the attached gingiva, which do not typically possess mented a single case of mucus extravasation phenomenon minor salivary glands.
    [Show full text]
  • Facial and Palatal Development
    11. FACIAL AND PALATAL DEVELOPMENT Letty Moss-Salentijn DDS, PhD Dr. Edwin S.Robinson Professor of Dentistry (in Anatomy and Cell Biology) E-mail: [email protected] READING ASSIGNMENT: Larsen 3rd edition: p.352; pp.365-371; 398-404. SUMMARY: The external human face develops between the 4th and 6th weeks of embryonic development. Facial swellings arise on the frontonasal process (2 medial nasal and 2 lateral nasal processes) and the first pharyngeal arch (2 mandibular and 2 maxillary processes). By a process of merging and some localized fusion these processes come together to form the continuous surfaces of the external face. The primary palate is formed in this period by fusion/merging of the medial nasal and maxillary processes. Subsequently, between 6th and 12th embryonic/fetal weeks, the secondary palate is formed as the result of fusion between palatal processes growing from the oral surfaces of the maxillary processes. Each merging and fusion site is also the site of a potential facial or palatal cleft. LEARNING OBJECTIVES You should be able to: a. Demonstrate on a frontal image of a human face those parts of the face that are formed by contributions from the frontonasal process and those that are formed by contributions from the first pharyngeal arch. b. Describe the following as to site, composition, time of appearance, and fate: oropharyngeal membrane, oronasal membrane. c. List the derivatives of the four pairs of facial processes and the pair of palatal processes. d. Describe the development of the nose and primary palate. e. Explain the differences between the processes of merging and fusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Fetal Pig Dissection Lab Analysis Questions Answer All These Questions Thoroughly and Completely After Having Completed the Dissection in Class
    Name _______ Period Date Fetal Pig Dissection Lab Analysis Questions Answer all these questions thoroughly and completely after having completed the dissection in class. You are responsible for knowing this information for quizzes and the pig tests. You may want to indicate answers on separate paper (like in your notebook). Pig Lab #1 - External Anatomy 1. What is meant by gestation period? 2. What is the approximate age of your pig? 3. How many digits are present? 4. What differences can be observed in the structure of an artery and a vein? 5. How does a fetus get rid of its waste products? 6. What type of external features are used to separate mammals into orders? 7. Name the two external characteristics which distinguish mammals from other animals. 8. What goes in and out of the external nares? 9. What is another word for pinna? What is its function? 10. What is the function of the pig's vibrissae? Explain completely. 11. What is the function of the pig's nictitating membrane? 12. What is another name for the chest region of the pig? 13. What is another name for the "belly " region of the pig? 14. What is meant by urogenital openings? 15. Describe the major differences between a male and female pig's urogenital opening(s). 16. What does the urethral opening excrete in males? Females? 17. What is the vaginal orifice? 18. What does the scrotum contain? 19. Explain the difference between digitigrade, plantigrade, and unguligrade locomotion. Which type is seen in pigs? Dogs? Deer? Humans? Pig Lab #2 - Oral Cavity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Partial Fusion Between Upper and Lower Lips in the Rat: a Report of A
    Partial Fusion Between Upper and Lower Lips in the Rat: A Report of a Case JEROME W. BODNER, D.D.S. ALASTAIR N. GOSS, B.D.S. JAMES K. AVERY, D.D.S., Ph.D. Ann Arbor, Michigan Congenital abnormalities of the lips and cireumoral structures are comparatively common in humans. The most frequent abnormalities are unilateral, bilateral, and median clefts of the upper lip and micro- and macrostomia. These defects are the result of abnormal fusion between the medial and lateral nasal, maxillary, and mandibular processes which contribute to the formation of this area of the face (7). Other malformations are labial pits in the lower lip which are from persistence of some or all of the lateral and medial sulci in the mandibular process (138) and double lip which occurs almost always in the upper lip (11). These lip and cireumoral defects may occur alone, in association with other facial abnormalities, or with generalized defects of the body (8). Most of these abnormalities occur spontaneously or can be induced in experimental animals. This has been of great benefit in determining the etiology and site of lip abnormalities in the developing embryo. How- ever, care must be taken in extrapolating findings from animal to hu- mans in the facial region, for, though the developmental processes are similar, they are not the same. In particular, the median structures of the upper lip are distinctly different between humans, which have a philtrum, and experimental animals such as the macque monkey, rat, and mouse, in which the philtrum is absent (6). Fusion of the upper lip to the lower lip is very rare.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Velopharyngeal Mechanism
    Anatomy and Physiology of the Velopharyngeal Mechanism Anatomy: The anatomy of the velopharyngeal mechanism includes: the nasal cavity, the lips, the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the muscles of the palate. Nasal Cavity: Nasal Bridge Columella Nares Nasal Aperture Nasal Septum: vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, quadrangular cartilage Choana: opening in the back of the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx Lips: Philtrum: extends form the columella to the lip Cupid’s bow: dip in the superior lip Vermillion: red color of the lips Oral Cavity: Faucial Pillars: structures that help with the movement of the Velopharynx and the tongue Alveolar Ridge: the ridge between the superior teeth and the hard palate Hard Palate Incisive Foramen: located above the pre-mandible/maxilla Soft Palate/Velum Tongue Uvula The Pharynx: Oral pharynx Nasal pharynx Hypopharynx Posterior wall of the pharynx Lateral walls of the pharynx For more information, go to: www.leadersproject.org/cleft-palate-directory Physiology: The velopharyngeal mechanism acts as a valve separating the oral cavity and the nasal cavity during speech and swallowing. Velopharyngeal Closure: ● The physiology includes velopharyngeal closure ● This process occurs with 3 movements: ○ The velum (soft palate) moves posteriorly towards the posterior wall of the pharynx ○ The posterior wall of the pharynx moves anteriorly towards the velum ○ The lateral walls of the pharynx move medially to the velum ● At rest, the velum is in its lowest position ● During the production of oral sounds, the velum moves posteriorly and superiorly ● The phonetic context influences the elevation and displacement of the velum ○ map vs. man ○ cat vs.
    [Show full text]