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Mathis Maler Mathis Maler 11 20 0 5 MAMATHISTHIS MALERMALERDERDER INHALT · CONTENTS · SOMMAIRE MATHIS DER MALER KÜNSTLER IN DUNKLER ZEIT 3 M AN ARTIST DURING A DARK PERIOD IN TIME 4 M ARTISTE EN DES TEMPS SOMBRES DU XXE SIÈCLE 5 Impressum · Imprint · Impressum Hindemith-Forum Mitteilungen der Hindemith-Stiftung/Bulletin of the Hindemith Foundation/Publication de ZUR MUSIKALISCHEN KONZEPTION DER la Fondation Hindemith Heft 11/Number 11/Cahier No 11 OPER 6 M ON THE MUSICAL CONCEPTION OF © Hindemith-Institut, Frankfurt am Main 2005 M Redaktion/Editor/Rédaction: THE OPERA 7 CONCEPTION MUSICALE DE Heinz-Jürgen Winkler Beiträge/Contributors/Articles de: L’OPÉRA 8 Christoph Becher (CB), Susanne Schaal-Gotthardt (SSG), Giselher Schubert (GS), Heinz-Jürgen Winkler (HJW) WIE EINE KATZE MIT NEUN LEBEN · Ein Gespräch Redaktionsschluß/Copy deadline/ mit Leon Fleisher 9 · Siebzehn Minuten Sensation, Etat des informations: 15. Mai 2005 Hindemith-Institut linker Hand 9 M LIKE A CAT WITH NINE LIVES · Eschersheimer Landstr. 29-39 60322 Frankfurt am Main Tel.: ++49-69-5 97 03 62 A Conversation with Leon Fleisher 11 · Fax: ++49-69-5 96 31 04 M e-mail: [email protected] Seventeen Minute Sensation, Left Hand 11 internet: www.hindemith.org COMME UN CHAT À NEUF VIES · Entretien avec Gestaltung/Design/Graphisme: Stefan Weis, Mainz Leon Fleisher 13 · Dix-sept minutes sensationnelles Herstellung und Druck/Production and printing/Réalisation et impression: pour la main gauche 13 Schott Musik International, Mainz Übersetzung engl./English translation/ Traduction anglaise: David Babcock Übersetzung frz./French translation/ CD Neuerscheinungen 14 M CD new releases 14 M Traduction française: Jacques Lasserre Bearbeitung/Adaptation: François Margot Nouveautés sur CD 14 Bildnachweise/Picture credits/Illustrations: Hindemith-Institut, Susesch Bayat, Helge Grünewald, Klaus Lefebvre, Neuveröffentlichungen 17 M New Publications 17 M Christina Lutz Sorg Nouvelles publications 17 Printed in Germany Cover: Szenenphoto von der Uraufführung der Oper Mathis Veranstaltungen 20 M Events 20 M Manifestations 20 der Maler am 28. Mai 1938 in Zürich / Photo of a scene from the world premiere of the opera Mathis der Maler on 28 May 1938 in Zurich. / Première représentation de Mathis der Maler, à Zurich, Forum 22 le 28 mai 1938 Hindemith-Forum 11/2005 MATHIS DER MALER KÜNSTLER IN DUNKLER ZEIT An den Beginn ihrer Hamburger Opernin- tendanz hat die australische Dirigentin Si- mone Young eine Oper von Paul Hinde- mith gesetzt: Mathis der Maler, ein Schlüsselwerk in musikalischer wie in zeitgeschichtlicher Hinsicht. Geschrieben in den Jahren 1932 bis 1935 wurde das Werk zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit der Situation des Künstlers in Deutsch- lands dunkelster Zeit. „Natürlich wurde [Mathis der Maler] zu einem Zeitpunkt vollendet, als die Ver- hältnisse in Deutschland etwas seltsam waren. Und dass Erscheinungen dieser Art, wie Bücherverbrennung, in der Oper vorkommen – die lagen ja damals sehr auf der Hand, am Anfang der Nazizeit –, Szenenphoto von der Aufführung der Oper Mathis der Maler in Hamburg, 1952 / Photo of a scene from the das kann ich nicht leugnen. Aber darüber performance of the opera Mathis der Maler in Hamburg, 1952 / Représentation de Mathis der Maler à hinaus möchte ich nicht sagen, dass es ir- Hambourg, 1952 gend etwas Bekenntnishaftes hat.” Eher unwillig bekannte Paul Hinde- schichte über Matthias Grünewald (gebo- deutschland und in der Schweiz Bauern mith später, die Verbrennung protestanti- ren um 1480, gestorben 1528 an der gegen die Willkür der Lehnherrschaft und scher Bücher im 3. Bild seiner Oper Ma- Pest), den die Bauernkriege mitrissen kämpften bis zu ihrer blutigen Niederlage this der Maler sei ein Reflex auf den Na- und dessen Lebenswerk von dem welt- im Mai/Juni 1525 – wird vom religiösen tionalsozialismus. Und zu eilig klingt die berühmten Isenheimer Altar gekrönt Konflikt zwischen Katholiken und Luthe- nachgeschobene Versicherung, die Oper wurde, schien ihm nicht musikdrama- rischen überlagert. Indem Hindemith bei- drücke ansonsten kein Bekenntnis aus. tisch genug zu sein: „Grünewald wäre de Konflikte immer stärker in die narrati- Muß man das glauben? Ist das nicht der gut, wenn er nicht gerade Maler wäre. ve Struktur der Handlung einbezog, uns wohlbekannte Hindemith, der kein Wesen und Zweck einer Oper um Grüne- machte er sie theatralisch erlebbar. So Aufhebens um seine Person, keine Wahr- wald könnte doch nur die Malerei sein geriet die „neue Zeit”, von der er in sei- nehmung seines Privatlebens und -emp- und man käme ja nicht darum herum, nem Werkkommentar sprach, in den Mit- findens, keine ästhetische Diskussion den Mann in Begeisterung malen zu las- telpunkt des Bühnengeschehens. Mathis über seine Kunst und keinen Diskurs sen; ein für die Musik sehr dürftiges und reagiert darauf, gestaltet aber nicht, und über seine gesellschaftliche Haltung woll- für meine Begriffe komisches Motiv.” Erst in dieser Passivität besteht der Gegensatz te? Der am liebsten hinter seinen Partitu- nachdem Hindemith auf die Idee gekom- zu Cardillac, nicht darin, daß dieser der ren und Zeichnungen sowie hinter sei- men war, die künstlerische Eingebung, egozentrischere Künstlertyp ist. nem Musizieren verschwunden wäre? die dem Malen vorausgeht, zum dramati- Indes steht Mathis nicht allein im Es kann kein Zweifel daran bestehen, schen Ereignis zu machen, begann er mit Kreuzungspunkt der Konflikte: Zwischen daß Hindemith im Ringen des Malers der Arbeit am Libretto. Und wieder darf die Fronten gerät auch Kardinal Albrecht Matthias Grünewald um seine Position man es als ein Zeichen der Bewußtheit von Brandenburg. Der oberste deutsche die eigene Haltung zu einer politisch zu- über die tagespolitische Bedeutung des Kirchenfürst, wie alle anderen, außer gespitzten Gegenwart darstellen wollte. Stoffes werten, daß er sich über den Fort- Regina, eine historische Figur, fällt in der Schon die Entstehungsgeschichte der gang der Handlung mehrmals den Kopf Oper den aktiven Entschluß, sein Leben Oper war von der Reaktion auf die Natio- zerbrach. in Einsamkeit zu beenden. In Wirklichkeit nalsozialisten gezeichnet. Daß Verleger Seit 1971 Andres Briner drei Libretto- zog sich Mathis zurück, während sich Willy Strecker 1932 auf einen „großen” Entwürfe in seiner Hindemith-Biographie Albrecht bis zum Schluß mehr um seine Stoff aus deutscher Geistesgeschichte veröffentlicht hat, weiß man, daß Hinde- irdischen Reichtümer sorgte als um das drängte – je älter, desto besser –, zielte mith die Parallelen zum Dritten Reich im- Seelenheil seiner Mitbürger. Hindemith fraglos darauf ab, seinen Komponisten mer kräftiger nachzog. Er tat dies durch hat also gerade den Ausgang verschoben den Kämpfen der Gegenwart zu entzie- Herausarbeiten der beiden großen ge- und damit Albrecht zur Gegenfigur des hen, gleichzeitig aber mit einem nationa- sellschaftlichen Konflikte, vor deren Hin- Malers aufgebaut. Sein Verhalten wird len Sujet dem Geist der Zeit zu schmei- tergrund sich Grünewalds Leben abspielt. Modell: Wo die Kontrahenten eine Ent- cheln. Seine Vorschläge begeisterten Hin- Der soziale Konflikt des Bauernkrieges - scheidung von ihm verlangen, entzieht er demith zunächst nur wenig. Eine Ge- im Herbst 1524 erhoben sich in Süd- sich, statt sich instrumentalisieren zu las- Hindemith-Forum 11/2005 3 sen. Anders Mathis: Er hat zwar verstan- There can be no doubt that Hindemith painting. Once again, we can appraise it den, daß die Besinnung des Künstlers auf wanted to represent his own attitude to- as a sign of his consciousness of the cur- die schöpferischen Kräfte, die aus dem wards a politically critical present in the rent political meaning of the material that heimatlichen Boden emporsteigen, der struggle of the painter Matthias he continually racked his brains over how Einmischung in die aktuellen Auseinan- Grünewald. The history of the opera’s to continue the plot. dersetzungen überlegen ist. Aber er resi- composition was already marked by the Ever since Andres Briner published gniert darüber. Mit diesem Ende entzog reaction to the National Socialists. The three libretto sketches in his 1971 Hin- sich Hindemith der Vereinnahmung fact that, in 1932, the publisher Willy demith biography, we know that the durch die Nazis ebenso wie dem Wider- Strecker insisted on a ”rough” story-line composer drew ever stronger parallels to stand gegen sie. Das war freilich, wie taken from German history – the older, the Third Reich. He did this by elaborat- Claudia Maurer-Zenck festgestellt hat, the better – was undoubtedly aimed at ing upon the two great societal conflicts kein Zeichen der „inneren Emigration”. removing his composer from the strug- forming the background to Grünewald’s Eher der Versuch, ein Bekenntnis zur gles of the present, whilst flattering the life. The social conflict of the peasants’ Kunst jenseits der tagespolitischen Aus- spirit of the age with a national subject. war, during which farmers in southern einandersetzungen zu formulieren. Doch At first, Hindemith was not overly thrilled Germany and Switzerland rose up against die Geschichte gab Hindemiths Bauern- with his suggestions. A story about the arbitrariness of their lords in the au- führer Schwalb recht, der auf die Frage, Matthias Grünewald (born around 1480, tumn of 1524 and fought until their wann „zerschlagene Köpfe je Besserung” died of the plague in 1528), caught up in bloody defeat in 1525, is superimposed brachten, zynisch antwortet: „Eher als the peasants’ wars and whose life’s work by the religious conflict between deine gemalten Heiligen”. CB was
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