The Home Field Advantage in Athletics: a Meta-Analysis1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Challenge of Religion: Colloquium on Interdisciplinary
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studies in Religion and Society 3 The Challenge of Religion Colloquium on interdisciplinary research programmes 3-5 February 2010, Uppsala University Editors: Anders Bäckström, Per Pettersson The main sponsors of the colloquium are The IMPACT of Religion Pro- gramme, The Uppsala Religion and Society Research Centre (CRS), and The Faculties of Theology and Law at Uppsala University Current information on the IMPACT of Religion Programme is available at http://www.impactofreligion.uu.se Office: Department of Theology Thunbergsvägen 3B SE-751 20 Uppsala Phone +46 18 471 2171 E-mail: [email protected] © Authors and CRS 2011 ISSN 1654-630X ISBN 978-91-554-8068-4 Printed in Sweden by Edita Västra Aros. Västerås 2011 Distributor: CRS crs.uu.se Contents Introduction.................................................................................................. vii Contributors ...................................................................................................ix Programme.....................................................................................................xi The study of the Challenge of Religion in Europe – an introduction Anders Bäckström ...........................................................................................1 The Challenge of Religion: Historical Considerations Hugh McLeod .................................................................................................5 Response to Hugh McLeod Mats Kumlien................................................................................................13 -
The Paradox of Championships “Be Careful, Sports Fans, What You
The Paradox of Championships “Be Careful, Sports Fans, What You Wish For” Robert A. Baade Victor A. Matheson James D. Vail Professor of Economics Department of Economics Lake Forest College Fernald House Lake Forest, IL Williams College Phone: 847-735-5136 Williamstown, MA 01267 Fax: 847-735-6193 Phone: 413-597-2144 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 413-597-4045 E-mail: [email protected] ABTRACT: This paper examines issues related to the economic impact of sports championships on the local economy of host cities. While boosters frequently claim a large positive effect of such championships, a closer examination leads to the conclusion that the impact is likely much smaller than touted and may even be negative. Key Words: Mega-event, sports, sporting events, impact analysis JEL Classification Codes: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism; R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock 1 INTRODUCTION Economics has frequently been used as a rationale in defense of public subsidies for professional sports. Subsidy advocates argue that new teams and/or stadiums provide an economic stimulus, and public support for professional sports should be construed as an investment rather than expenditure. This proposition is thought to be particularly true when the public subventions for sport produce championship teams. Two issues need to be analyzed in conjunction with this thesis. First, do greater subsidies translate into more frequent championships? Second, do sports championships correspond to higher levels of economic activity? The purpose of this report is to provide answers to these questions. A direct correlation between subsidies and championships has theoretical appeal. -
The Sport Psychiatrist and Golf
Clin Sports Med 24 (2005) 959–971 CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE The Sport Psychiatrist and Golf Terrence P. Clark, MDa, Ian R. Tofler, MB, BSb, Michael T. Lardon, MDc,* aDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 52 Dogwood Lane, Mountain Home, TN 37684, USA bCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science/University of California, Los Angeles, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA cDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 3750 Convoy Street, #318, San Diego, CA 92111, USA olf is a mentally challenging game. The sport psychiatrist knowledge- able in the game of golf is well-positioned to consult to competitive G golfers. Golf is the only sport in which practice and competition take place in different environments: the practice range and the golf course. Addi- tionally, no other sport has world-class, top-30 players ranging in age from 19 (Sergio Garcia, 1999) to 50 ( Jay Haas, 2005). This broad age range speaks to the fact that aging world-class golfers can compensate for physical deterioration with mental maturation. Most significant, however, and warranting the authors’ discussion here, are issues of time management. The sport of golf is uniquely challenging because its duration, interrupted pace of play, and excessive amount of idle time make the competitor vulnerable to external and internal distracters [1,2]. A golf round of 18 holes takes 4 to 5 hours to play, weather permitting. A golf swing lasts only about 3 seconds; thus the professional player swings the club for a total of about 3 1/2 minutes in an entire 4 1/2-hour round! The pre-shot routine takes about 30 seconds, resulting in the professional golfer having greater than 3 1/2 hours of idle time during the heat of competition. -
2013 - 2014 Media Guide
2013 - 2014 MEDIA GUIDE www.bcsfootball.org The Coaches’ Trophy Each year the winner of the BCS National Champi- onship Game is presented with The Coaches’ Trophy in an on-field ceremony after the game. The current presenting sponsor of the trophy is Dr Pepper. The Coaches’ Trophy is a trademark and copyright image owned by the American Football Coaches As- sociation. It has been awarded to the top team in the Coaches’ Poll since 1986. The USA Today Coaches’ Poll is one of the elements in the BCS Standings. The Trophy — valued at $30,000 — features a foot- ball made of Waterford® Crystal and an ebony base. The winning institution retains The Trophy for perma- nent display on campus. Any portrayal of The Coaches’ Trophy must be li- censed through the AFCA and must clearly indicate the AFCA’s ownership of The Coaches’ Trophy. Specific licensing information and criteria and a his- tory of The Coaches’ Trophy are available at www.championlicensing.com. TABLE OF CONTENTS AFCA Football Coaches’ Trophy ............................................IFC Table of Contents .........................................................................1 BCS Media Contacts/Governance Groups ...............................2-3 Important Dates ...........................................................................4 The 2013-14 Bowl Championship Series ...............................5-11 The BCS Standings ....................................................................12 College Football Playoff .......................................................13-14 -
When NBA Teams Don't Want To
GAMES TO LOSE When NBA teams don’t want to win Team X Stefano Bertani Federico Fabbri Jorge Machado Scott Shapiro MBA 211 Game Theory, Spring 2010 Games to Lose – MBA 211 Game Theory Games to lose – When NBA teams don’t want to win 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Situation ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 NBA Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 NBA Playoff Seeding ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 NBA Playoff Tournament ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Home Court Advantage .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Structure of the paper ............................................................................................................................ 5 2. Situation analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Scenario analysis ................................................................................................................................... -
Predictors and Mechanisms Associated with the Yips and Choking
Paradoxical performance: Predictors and mechanisms associated with the yips and choking Item Type Thesis Authors Clarke, Philip; Akehurst, Sally; Sheffield, David Download date 25/09/2021 05:44:44 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621568 UNIVERSITY OF DERBY PARADOXICAL PERFORMANCE: PREDICTORS AND MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE YIPS AND CHOKING Philip Clarke Doctor of Philosophy 2017 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ i Table of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Table of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... viii List of Appendices ................................................................................................................. x Preface................................................................................................................................... xi Dissemination ...................................................................................................................... xii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. -
Bayesian Analysis of Home Advantage in North American Professional Sports Before and During COVID‑19 Nico Higgs & Ian Stavness*
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bayesian analysis of home advantage in North American professional sports before and during COVID‑19 Nico Higgs & Ian Stavness* Home advantage in professional sports is a widely accepted phenomenon despite the lack of any controlled experiments at the professional level. The return to play of professional sports during the COVID‑19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to analyze the hypothesized efect of home advantage in neutral settings. While recent work has examined the efect of COVID‑19 restrictions on home advantage in European football, comparatively few studies have examined the efect of restrictions in the North American professional sports leagues. In this work, we infer the efect of and changes in home advantage prior to and during COVID‑19 in the professional North American leagues for hockey, basketball, baseball, and American football. We propose a Bayesian multi‑level regression model that infers the efect of home advantage while accounting for relative team strengths. We also demonstrate that the Negative Binomial distribution is the most appropriate likelihood to use in modelling North American sports leagues as they are prone to overdispersion in their points scored. Our model gives strong evidence that home advantage was negatively impacted in the NHL and NBA during their strongly restricted COVID‑19 playofs, while the MLB and NFL showed little to no change during their weakly restricted COVID‑19 seasons. In professional sports, home teams tend to win more on average than visiting teams1–3. Tis phenomenon has been widely studied across several felds including psychology4,5, economics6,7, and statistics8,9 among others10. -
How Much of the NBA Home Court Advantage Is Explained by Rest?
How Much of the NBA Home Court Advantage Is Explained by Rest? Oliver Entine Dylan Small Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Home Court Advantage in Different Pro Sports Home Team Winning % Basketball (NBA) 0.608 Football (NFL) 0.581 Hockey (NHL) 0.550 Baseball (Major Leagues) 0.535 Data from NBA 2001-2002 through 2005-2006 seasons; NFL 2001 through 2005 seasons; NHL 1998-1999 through 2002- 2003 seasons; baseball 1991-2002 seasons. Summary: The home advantage in basketball is the biggest of the four major American pro sports. Possible Sources of Home Court Advantage in Basketball • Psychological support of the crowd. • Comfort of being at home, rather than traveling. • Referees give home teams the benefit of the doubt? • Teams are familiar with particulars/eccentricities of their home court. • Different distributions of rest between home and away teams (we will focus on this). Previous Literature • Martin Manley and Dean Oliver have studied how the home court advantage differs between the regular season and the playoffs: They found no evidence of a big difference between the home court advantage in the playoffs vs. regular season. Oliver estimated that the home court advantage is about 1% less in the playoffs. • We focus on the regular season. Distribution of Rest for Home vs. Away Teams Days of Rest Home Team Away Team 0 0.14 0.33 1 0.59 0.47 2 0.18 0.13 3 0.06 0.05 4+ 0.04 0.03 Source: 1999-2000 season. Summary: Away teams are much more likely to play back to back games, and are less likely to have two or more days of rest. -
Super Bowl* 65 103,985
per Bow Su l* BY THE NUMBERS FOR PEOPLE WHO FOR PEOPLE WHO DON’T CARE ABOUT FOOTBALL CARE ABOUT FOOTBALL MOST SUPER BOWL8 APPEARANCES: THE ROMANL NUMERAL FOR 50 A 4-WAY TIE BETWEEN Recently, the NFL has used Roman the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Dallas Cowboys, numerals to identify the gladiator-like games, the New England Patriots, and (if you include but they must not like the “L” because it won’t Super Bowl 50) the Denver Broncos be used to identify this year’s game MOST SUPER BOWL WINS: PITTSBURGH STEELERS $5 MILLION 6 THE COST FOR A 30-SECOND COMMERCIAL IN SUPER BOWL 50 MOST SUPER BOWL LOSSES: DENVER BRONCOS 5 $42,000 THE COST OF A 30-SECOND COMMERCIAL IN SUPER BOWL IV 8 TEAMS HAVE WON BACK-TO-BACK SUPER BOWL CHAMPIONSHIPS: $25,000 the Green Bay Packers, the Miami Dolphins, COST OF THE LOMBARDI TROPHY, the Denver Broncos, the San Francisco 49ers, made by Tiffany & Co., which is awarded the Dallas Cowboys, the Pittsburgh Steelers, to Super Bowl champions and the New England Patriots 4 TEAMS NFL TEAMS WHO HAVE NEVER APPEARED IN A SUPER BOWL: THE AVERAGE # the Cleveland Browns, the Jacksonville Jaguars, OF PEOPLE AT A the Detroit Lions, and the Houston Texans SUPER BOWL PARTY 17 MOST INDIVIDUAL SUPER BOWL WINS: 9 MILLION POUNDS Charles Haley (with the San Francisco OF GUACAMOLE WILL BE EATEN 5 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys) DURING SUPER BOWL 50 MOST INDIVIDUAL 1.25 BILLION SUPER BOWL WINS FOR A CHICKEN WINGS WILL BE EATEN QUARTERBACK: DURING SUPER BOWL 50 A 3-way tie between Tom Brady, Joe 4 Montana, and Terry Bradshaw 14,500 TONS OF CHIPS -
The Championship Program
The Championship Program First Practice—Oct. 4 First Contest—Oct. 21 Online Requirements For All Sports POSTING SCHEDULES Schools must post season schedules on the AHSAA website in the Members’ Area by the dead- line dates listed below. Failure to do so could result in a fine assessed to the school. Schools may go online and make any changes immediately as they occur. Deadlines for posting schedules: May 1— fall sports (football only) June 1 — fall sports (cross country, swimming & diving, volleyball) Sept. 15 — winter sports (basketball, bowling, indoor track wrestling) Jan. 15 — spring sports (baseball, golf, outdoor track, soccer, softball, tennis) POSTING ROSTERS Schools are required to post team rosters prior to its first contest of the season. POSTING SCORES Schools are also required to post scores of contests online immediately following all contests in the regular season (and within 24 hours after regular season tournaments) and in the play- offs or be subject to a fine. In the post-season playoffs, failure to report scores immediately after a contest will subject the school to a fine. 1. Bowling is a championship sport for the 2021-22 season, providing competition for girls and boys in two classifications (1A-5A) (6A-7A). 2. Each school team is limited to 18 dates and 5 tournaments, at the varsity level and 12 dates and 2 tournaments at the middle school and junior high level. Note: A tournament is definedas an organized sport competition with three or more teams, that uses elimination and/or round-robin formats, and determines a champi- on. All tournaments must be sanctioned by the AHSAA. -
The Consequences of Choking in Sport Post-Print
Running Head: CONSEQUENCES OF CHOKING IN SPORT 1 2 3 The Consequences of Choking in Sport: A Constructive or Destructive Experience? 4 5 6 7 Dr Denise M Hill 8 Swansea University, Wales, UK 9 10 Matthew Cheesbrough 11 University of Portsmouth, England, UK 12 13 Paul Gorczynski 14 University of Portsmouth, England, UK 15 16 Nic Matthews 17 Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Submitted: 17th May 2018 25 Re-submitted 1: 23rd July 2018 26 Re-submitted 2: 14th September 2018 27 CONSEQUENCES OF CHOKING IN SPORT 2 1 Abstract 2 Through an empirical phenomenological methodology, the study examined the short- and long-term 3 consequences of choking in sport. Eleven intermediate golfers (10 males, 1 female, aged 23-50 4 years; M = 34.6; SD = 8.9) with handicaps between 6 and 18 (M = 10.91; SD = 3.98), completed 5 phenomenological interviews which explored the perceived psychological impact of their choking 6 episode(s). While the reported short-term consequences were negative (i.e., collapse in performance 7 standards, limited attention/emotional control and negative affect), most participants considered the 8 long-term impact of choking was constructive, for it encouraged adversity-related growth. 9 However, a small number of golfers identified the long-term consequences were highly destructive, 10 including a loss of self-confidence, withdrawal from the sport, and in one case, lowered self-worth. 11 The findings of the study extend the choking literature by informing strategies that can be used to 12 encourage constructive, rather than destructive consequences from any choking episode that 13 athletes may experience. -
Home Advantage and Tied Games in Soccer
HOME ADVANTAGE AND TIED GAMES IN SOCCER P.C. van der Kruit 0. Introduction. Home advantage and the occurence of tied matches are an important feature of soccer. In the national competition in the Netherlands about half the games end in a victory for the home team, one quarter end up tied, while only one quarter results in a win for the visiting team. In addition, the number of goals scored per game (one average about 3) is rather low. The home advantage is supposedly evened out between the teams by playing a full competition, where each two teams play two matches with both as home team in turn. I have wondered about the matter of the considerable home advantage in soccer ever since I first became interested in it.1 This was the result of the book “Speel nooit een uitwedstrijd – Topprestaties in sport en management”2 by Pieter Winsemius (1987). In this book he discusses various aspects of business management and illustrates these with facts and anecdotes from sports. In the first chapter he notes that in the German Bundesliga the top teams get their high positions in the standings on the basis of regularly winning away games. Teams on lower positions have often lost only a few more home matches, but it is the away games where they have gained much fewer points. The message is clear: never play an away game! In management terms this lesson means, according to Winsemius, for example that you arrange difficult meetings to take place in your own office. Clearly, home advantage plays an important role in soccer competitions.