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World History, Part – 2 Visionias ™ https://t.me/UPSC_PDF Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF VISION IAS ™ www.visionias.in www.visionias.wordpress.com WORLD HISTORY, PART – 2 (Supplementary Material) Table of Contents 1] What were the factors that caused the Second World War? ........................................................................................ 4 2] Summary of Events during the World War II ................................................................................................................. 5 3] Important Events and Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 6 4] Role of the Navy in WWII ........................................................................................................................................... 11 5] Role of Air-force in Allied victory in WWII .................................................................................................................. 12 6] Axis Defeated (July 1943-5) ........................................................................................................................................ 12 7] Why Axis Powers lost the World War II ...................................................................................................................... 13 8] Impact of World War II ............................................................................................................................................... 13 9] Different Socio-Economic Systems.............................................................................................................................. 14 9.1 Capitalism .................................................................................................................................................................. 14 9.2 Communism .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 9.3 Socialism .................................................................................................................................................................... 14 10] Forms and Shades of Socialism ................................................................................................................................. 15 11] Evolution of Socialism as a Politico-Economic System. ............................................................................................. 18 12] Ideas of Karl Marx..................................................................................................................................................... 20 13] Socialism in Russia: Social Revolutionaries, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks .................................................................. 24 14] Lenin and Marxism ................................................................................................................................................... 28 15] Socialism in India ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 16] Stalinism ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 16.1 Challenges before Stalin & his Solutions ................................................................................................................. 33 16.2 Why Stalin focused on heavy industrialization? ...................................................................................................... 33 16.3 Introduction of the Five Year Plans ......................................................................................................................... 34 16.4 Collectivization of Agriculture (1929) ...................................................................................................................... 34 16.5 Result of Stalinism ................................................................................................................................................... 35 17] De-Stalinization ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 18] Brezhnev Era (1964-82) ............................................................................................................................................. 37 19] Fall of Communist States .......................................................................................................................................... 37 19.1 Domino Effect .......................................................................................................................................................... 37 19.2 Economic Failure of Communism in Eastern Europe and USSR .............................................................................. 37 19.3 Mikhail Gorbachev .................................................................................................................................................. 38 19.4 Why Mikhail Gorbachev’s Policies led to fall of USSR? ........................................................................................... 39 20] Communism after USSR ............................................................................................................................................ 40 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF Website ➡ https://upscpdf.com https://t.me/UPSC_PDF 21] Chinese Communism vs. Russian Communism ......................................................................................................... 41 21.1 Problems of China in 1949....................................................................................................................................... 41 21.2 Why was there a shift from the Russian Model? .................................................................................................... 41 21.3 Similarity with the Russian Model till 1958 ............................................................................................................. 42 21.3.1 Russia like Agricultural Changes (1950-56) ............................................................................................................ 42 21.3.2 Russia like Industrial Changes (1953-8).................................................................................................................. 42 21.4 Differences with Russian approach under Khrushchev ........................................................................................... 42 21.5 Cultural Revolution (1966-9) ................................................................................................................................... 44 22] Communism in China after Mao’s death in 1976 ...................................................................................................... 45 23] Why Communism survived in China and failed in USSR? .......................................................................................... 47 24] Italy: Rise of Mussolini and the Fascists .................................................................................................................... 48 24.1 March on Rome (1922) ............................................................................................................................................ 48 24.2 The Acerbo Law helped Mussolini in Consolidating Power (1923) ......................................................................... 49 24.3 Further movements towards a Totalitarian State ................................................................................................... 50 24.4 Corporate State or Corporative State ...................................................................................................................... 50 24.5 Lateran Treaty (1929) .............................................................................................................................................. 50 24.6 Changes ................................................................................................................................................................... 50 24.7 Evaluation of Mussolini’s Rule in Italy ..................................................................................................................... 51 24.7.1 The Positives of Fascism for Italians ....................................................................................................................... 51 24.7.2 Negatives of Fascism in Italy .................................................................................................................................. 51 24.8 Reasons that led to the fall of Mussolini ................................................................................................................. 52 24.9 How totalitarian was Mussolini’s System ................................................................................................................ 52 25] Germany: Weimar Republic and the Rise of Hitler .................................................................................................... 52 25.1 German Revolution (November 1918-August 1919) ............................................................................................... 52 25.2 Attempts against Weimar
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