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Home , Andrew Mlangeni, Umkhonto we Sizwe

m9 m9 ANTI NEWS The Newspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement 10, .lo iansval rail line blown up Teorror Act tria _opens in Pretiori e biggest trial of black rs in since iia it i964, 11 men and ,Oman appeared in court toria on May 19. sy aea accused under the rism Act andl the Internal couintry and of having recruit. epeople to undergo military ~tafing. All of them are alleged to be embers of the African National igress of South Africa, its milltarY wing Umkhonto We Sizwe or touth African Commuist Explosives Five of those on trial - all of them in thlei early 20s - are said to havei crossed into South Africa int tseecond half of 1976,brih ing with them weapons and explosves. They are charged with sounting sabotage oprations and recruiting people to the ANC in the northern Tranavaal and in atd Alexandra townships outside . One of them, Naledi Tsiki, is alleged to have sabotaged the railway line near Pietersblirg in the northern Transvaal, and another, Mosima Sexwale, to have seriously injured two members of the security police and damaged a police vehicle after they tried to arrest him near the South African border. Another. Elias Masinga, is accused of "infiltrating" the Soweto Students Representative Council between October and December 1976 and recruiting students to undergo military training. - Two other men, 67-year-old Martin Ramokgeadi and.48-year-old , are accused of being heads of the central structure of the ANC in Johannesburg between June 1976 and January 1977. Of the other five, four are accused of being in possession of firearms and explosives and of encouraging people to undergo military training or to form ANC where his son, Elas Masinga, is on trial under the Terrorism Act military training or to form ANC cells, and one, Paulin Mohale, of having typed a leaflet "The Voice Police murder detainee ANOTHER detainee, Aaron Khoza, has died under interrogation by the South African security police. He sws detained in Pietermaritzburg on December 9 and died on March 26. A police spokesman commented that as far s the polic were conerned, he had hanged himself In his call. His death'brings to 19 the number of detainees murdered by the South African security 'police in the 15 months since Jseph Mdluli died on March 19 last year. of the ANC (Spear of the Nation)." The trial was postponed to June 20 at the request of the defence. who also gsked for one of the accused, Michael Ngubeni, to be sent for observation under the Mental Disorders Act. As they filed out of the courtin leg-irons, the trialists shouted "" (Power) and were answered by shouts of "Ngewethu" (is ours) from the public gallery. In April two other men, Stanley Nkosi and Patrick Mohlathe, were sentenced to 10 years. gaol under the Terrorism Act, after being convicted of being in possession of explosives in Sowto and of lheving received military training in Swaziland. They said that they had joined the African National Congress because they believed that only armed struggle would topple the Vorster regime. "The ANC was a peaceful orgenisetion before it was banned," they told the court, but it had taken the "painful decision" to'embark on violence "to make the the whites aware that majority rule is needed". Kaun . declares Zamrbia in 'state of war' with Rhodesia PRESIDENT Kaunda of has declared that Zambia is in "a state of war" +with Rhodesia, following " threats by the Smith regime to invade the country. At a news conference on May 16, he said that Rhodesian aircraft would be shot down if they flew over Zambian territory. He also condemned the Vorster regime in South Africa, and said that if Rhodesia attacked Zambia, it would probably be in collusion with South Africa. charged the white minority regime in Rhodesia with committing repeated actsof aggression against neighbouring black states. Speaking at the UN conference on Namibia and Zimbabwe in Maputo, he said that every attempt to find a solution in Rhodesia had been frustrated by the illegal regime and its "refusal to accept reality". Rhodesian attacks against Botswana have escalated to sch an extent that a virtual war situation esists also between Rhodesia and Botswana. On May16 a big contingent of Rhodesian trops crossed into Botswana and attacked base camps at two villages in the north and east of the country, The Botswana authorities have ,also arrested seven members of the Rhodesian special unit, the Selsus Scouts, who it charges were posing as refuges and reconnoitring camps so that they could be attacked by the Rhodesian security forces. TWO leading officials of the 'African National Council have been sentenced to death by the Smith regime, in what appears to be a deliberate move to increase the number of hangings in Rhodesia. The two men, Robert Bhebe, an ANC Provincial Official in Umtali, and Pins Zehama, a Provincial Official in Salisbury, were sentenced for allegedly, recruiting young people for military training. Because the Rhodesian judiciary realises that convicted prisoners are unlikely to serve their full term if they are given long gaol. sentences, it appears to be more and more resorting to the death penalty. The sentencesare part of a last ditch stand by a white minority which knows that its days are numbered. At least 112 Zimbabweans are known to have been~sentencedto death before illegal courts since April 1975, when the regime announced that it would no longer announce the names of those whom it had executed. More than a third of those known to have been given the death penalty for political offences since April 1975 were sentenced after Smith's broadcast of September 24 1976, when he was represented as having accepted the principle of majority rule within two years. Demand for Britis action against the hangings and report of Week of Action on Zimbabwe, page 3 REMEMBER SOWETO! Demonstration June 18 Pickets and meeting June 16 Details, back page More Zimbabweans sentenced to hang + + * +++++++++ ...... +++ m ++++

On the first anniversary of Soweto Scottish TUC pledges itself to renewed, support for the people of Southern Africa and effective solidarity action in support of the liberation struggle JAMES MILNE G6ENERAL'SECRETAK? AT THIS CRUCIAL STAGE IN THE HISTORY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA AUEW-TASS' URGES THE TUC AND THE LABOUR PARTY TO INTENSIFY OUR SOLIDARITY WITH THOSE STRUGGLING AGAINST RACIALIST GOVERNMENT. WE DEMAND THE IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF TASS MEMBER DAVID KITSON AND ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS INCLUDING THOSE SENTENCED TO DEATH B0B MANSFIELD President KEN BILL General Secretary The Technical Administrative and Supervisory Section AMALGAMATED UNION OF ENGINEERING WORKERS Onslow Hall, Little Green, Richmond, Surrey. Tel 01-948 2271 On this first anniversary of the Soweto massacre ASLEF re-affirms its support for the aims- of the: Anti- Apartheid Movement and the liberation of the people, of RAY BUCKTON GENERAL SECRETARY ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOWETO MASSACRE Tobacco Workers Union re-affirms Its support for the cause of freedom in Southern Africa and the aims of the Anti-Apartheid Movement Ray Martin President Doug Grieve General Secretary Scottish NU M Scottish Miners extend their fraternal solidarity to all'those in South Africa iviho are organising, struggling and sacrificing for an end to the apartheid laws in that country. Michael McGahey President Bill McLean General Secretary Dave Bolton Vice President Southern Africa 000>

Anti-ApartheidNews June1977 Page3 Call to stop Smith hangigs in Zimbabweweek of action. "DITCH Ian Smith" was the message that went to the British Government from meeting and demonstrations all over Britain, during the Week of Action on Zimbabwe, May 9-14. In London anti-apartheid spporters picketed the Foreign Office on May 12 to demand that the Government take immediate action to save the lives of those who have been sentenced to hang by the Smith regime. They handed in a letter to the Foreign Secretry asking him to make a clear declaration that the regime's use of the death sentence amount, to murder and that those who carry out the sentence are criminally liable. With the letter wee a liat of the namseof 108 peolewho are known to have been sentenced to hang in Rhodea since Ajeil 1975 (four e men, whoe names have been kept secret, are known to have been senteaced to death). Another listgave the names of Rhodeian judges and court officials who have been responsible for recent death sentences. The picket wee followed by a meeting in Central Hall, Weitminta - "Zibabw a: Wht Now?"' with aflm of the nasacre of over 800 Zi mbabwean refugees atea cmp at Nhazon la in Mozambique, whiech ws Perpetrated by Rhodesian troops lest August. Abl ~Minty, Noan Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, Pointed to South Africa ac the major supporter of the Smith regime and the country whom interests the US and Britalrrwate 7trying to protect, when they made Propoeel for a "solution" in Zimbabwe. Speaking on behalf of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front, K Kangal sid that the Zimbabwean freed m fighters would not lay down their arms until there was an independent state of Zimbabwe. He reacted sharply to suggestions that the liberation movements had not responded positively to the US-UK +proposals. "We have our ,own proposals which have been known about for yars. Where is the positive response to theae?" he asked. Discussion at the meeting was led by a panel consisting of Naison Kheswena, Deputy UK Repreen tative f ZAPU, Rex Chiwera, representing ZANU, Lionel Cliffe andJudyActon. w n On May 13 pickets wre mounted outside the head offices of Shell and BP to protest against their role as suppliers of oil to Rhodesia, in contravention of UN sanctiona. The day before Shell's annual shareholders meeting wes also picketed, while more protesters spoke against Shell's activities inside the meeting. Elsewhere in London during the week, meetings were held in Greenwhich, North Kensington and Lambeth, and on Saturday May 114 an afternoon of Zimbabwean poetry and song was held at St Clements Church Hall, North London.Masembers of Greemeich AntiApartheid Group leafleted the workforce at a local Delta Metal factory apleeling to them to act in solidarity with the workers at the firm's Rhodesian subsidiary. ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action) organised a series of. meetings in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Coventry, Leads and Colchester, Essex, with showings of the film about the massacre at Nhazonis. At the meeting in Birmingham on May 9 over 30 people took part in a discussion on the backgro sd to the Zimbabwean liberation struggle, led by a Zimbabwean doctor, Felix Muchemera, and ZIMA' aSecretary, Kennedy Cruickshank. OnMay 10 a disco in Birmingham raised funds for ZIMA. In Bristol a new ZIMA support goup was formed as a reult of a meeting hed on May 10. Further details from Hadley Bashforth, 74 Cumberland Road, Bi5tol 1. in Leads t ,o mstings took piace on May 12 - one at lunchtime at Leads University Students Union and an evening meeting at Leeds Trades Hall, Where the chairman was the aex-President of Leeds Trades Council, John Fennell, and the speakerswere Felix Muche mwg Ad Kennedy Cruickshank. Among other centre, where meetings were baeld as prit oftie Week of Action were Cardiff, --Southampton, Northampton and Two new posters on Zimbabwe, "Wanred for Murder: Ian Smith" and "Zimbabwe: Majority Rule Now", 15p each, and two leaflets "Rhodesia: Who are the Murder. "ers? "and "Zimbabwe: Majority Role Now"; £a501 er 1000, are available from Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St, London WIP2D2 End Smith's oil supplies - Kaunda PRESIDENT Kaunda of Zambia hes called on Western governments to take immediateaction to end the supply of oil to the Smith regime. "There could be no greater contribution to the liberation struggle today in Soathern Africa than to end the vale of oil to rebel Rhodesia." His demand followed the announcement by the British Government on April Bfthat an official inquiry was being sat up to examine whether British oil companies were involved in sanctions busting. Joint evidence submitted to the inquiry by the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the Haslemere "Group-shows just how Shell and BP, the major British companies involved,have gone about sanctions busting. The South African subsidiqries of both companies have made big sales of oil to another South African firm known as Freight Services Ltd: Freight Services has then sold the oil to Rhodesia. The companies argue that UK sanctions legislation does not prevent the South Africanregistered subsidiaries of British companies from trading with Rhodesia. They also say that South African legislation effectively makes it impossible for them to restrict sales in order to prevent oil from their refineries reaching Rhodesia. The AAM -Haslemeresubmission urges that the loopholes in British sanctions should be closed It also argues thatif the companies' claims are true, it becomes even more necessary for the British Government to work for an extension of oil sanctions to cover South Africa. Shell and BPin South Africa by Martin Bailey, published jointly by the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the Haslemere Group, is available from AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London WIP 2D, Price 35p. Rees promises sympathy for draft evaders HOME Secretary Merlyn Rees has AAM delegation that Rhodesians ers are currently appealing against given assurences to the Anti- evading the draft would in future the refusal of the British authorities Apartheid Movementthatwar havetheir cases heardat ministerial to grant them asylum (April AA resisters from Southern Africa will level before it was decided whether NEWS). They were told that the in fu ture get moresympathetic or not to allowthem to enter Secretaryof State was "not a'tistrea tment from the British immi- Britain. fledthatyourfearofperscutionis gration authoriies - butthe 7nthepastatleasttwoyoung well-founded" -although the Govemment still refutw to grant Zimbabweans have been sent back South African Defe eAct provides any automatic right of entry to to Rhodesia after they had tried to for a maximum penalty of 10 years' R odesian and South African draft enter Britain to avoid serving in the imprisonment foranyone failing to g ...,,_ ,iwoaSsteafrinors,- ... . or "jtiv*. viceaftercall, TheomeSecmrarytoilan Two SouthAfricandraft doig- UP. 'Support strggl e THE Anti-Apartheid Movement has launched a statement "Crisis in outhern Africa: What is bur Responsibility" which it ii circhilating to British and international organisations opposed to apartheid. The statement calls for a the cesation-of almilitary links vvith South Africa and the imposition of a strict embargo on all military and police equipment " the halting of all new investment and loans to South Africa " a UN mandatory arms, embargo against Soith Africa * action to tighten the existing UN mandatory sanctions against Rhodesia. It says that Southern Africa is today facing the greatest crisis in the 4story of the subcontinent and argues that the intransigence shown by the white minority freedom -AAM ISOUTHIERAIMA~ What is ow responsibt? regimes leaves the African majority with little choice but to fight for their freedom, The time has come, it declares, for anend to all collaboration with apartheid South Africa. "Our unequivocal support for the African liberation struggle, "it appeals, must be seen in action. Copies of "Crisis in Southern Africa: What is our Regsonsbi. lity?"vre available fro he Anti-Apartheid Movemnt, 89 Charlotte St, London WlP 2DO. Tel 01-580 5311. Shareholders call on Midland Bank to end loansto S Africa MIDLAND Bank was again asked to efd all loans to the South African Government and state corporations atits annual shareholders meeting on April 20. A resolution calling on it to change its policy was proposed by the then Deputy Leader of the Greater London Council, IlItyd Harrington, who argued that to lend money to theShuth African Government "is both morally unacceptable and financially unwise." The resolution was supported by at least 10 London boroughs and seven County Councils, and Iltogether got 3.6 mitlion ltes in ts favour -6.9 per cant of the total vote. OIter speakers for the motion included Revd David Haslam, Secretary of ELTSA (End Loands to Southern Africa), Councillor Unwin, represnting the London Borough of Hammersmith, Revd Derek Farrow of the Methodist Church's Central Finance Board, Robert Caffyn, speaking on behalf of a pension fund, and Teli Griffith from Aberystwyth Students Union. Also present atthe meeting was the General Secretary of the Netherlands Missionary Council who described the negotiations which had led to the big Dutch Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank's decision to stop lending to the South African Government. Dutch bank breaks SA links THE Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank has confirmed that it has decided not to make any further loans to South Africa. The bank is one of the five big European banks among them the-British Midland Bank - which had previously made substantial loam to South Africa through the European-American Banking Corporation. In a letter to the World Council of Churches, the bank said that its policy of no more loans to South Africa would remain in force until there were "fundamental sharges" there. Another Dutch-bank, the Algemene Bankt Nederland, told the WCC in March that it had not extended "for some time new loans to the South African Government or its agencies", The WCC is now awaiting a reply to a letter to the bank from its General Secretary, Dr Philip Potter, dated March 29. which asked: "How long, in fact, is quite some time? For what reason or reasons has the bank not extended new loans to the South African Government during that period, and what developmens in South Africa do you believe torbe necessaril'before normal financial relations can be resumed?" New edition of AAM companies list TtfE new edition of theAAM "List ofCompeies with-Subsidiaries or Associates in South Africa" is published this month with a new introduction and appendix. This is the only publicatidn which lists British firms which have subsidiaris and associate companies in South Africa. Price 40p. Selected British Companies in South Africa " isa)s available, price 15p. This document gives short accounts of the activities in Southern Africa of leading British companies - among them GEC, British Steel Corporation, ICI and Courtaulds Frot: AAM, 89 Charlotte St, m I June1977 Pope3 "Anti-Apartheid News

Page 4 Anti-ApearteidNews June1977 -Western manoeuvres- to prop up apartheid Fight for fre edom of choice FOR us the central issue in Southern Africa is that of self. determination. This means that our people have the right to determine their own philosophy and to use it as a basis to work out their own economic strategy and relations with other countries. The current series of US initiatives in the area began with former Secretary of State Kissinger - he said that the US must become involved in order to prevent the spread of Communism. Other Western analysts have argued that the big powers must intervene in Southern Africa because of the strategic significance of South Africa and the Cape route. When those who are responsible for formulating British policy talk about Namibia, they emphasise the importance of uranium and other minerals Which are found there. Now that countries like Canada and Australia are considering limiting their uranium exports, the supply of uranium has become a central issue. But nowhere in all their deliberations do Western spokesmen talk seriously about the denial of human rights in Southern Africa and the issues of self-determination and human freedom. The latest meeting between Prime Minister Vorster and US Vice President Walter Mondale in Vienna is a continuation of the Kissinger policy: essentially'this seeks to maintain the status quo in South Africa while engineering changes in Zimbabwe and Namibia to make the regimes there more viable and at the same time protect Western interests. The Western powers want the Vorster regime to carry on in South Africa: they may advocate small modifications in racial policy, but they are not thinking at all in terms of the overthrow of the apartheid system or the achievement of majority rule. When the Western ambassadors in Cape Town met Vorster to. discuss Narhibia, Vorster said that for the first time the Western World was doing what he had been asking it to - to'consult the South "African Government and take it seriously. The meeting between Vorster and Mondale has reinforced the South African .regime's feeling thatit is winningin its attempts to gain international respectability and that it is accepted by the ihternational community. We have been told that the main items on the agenda at the meeting were Zimbabwe and Namibia - but for black South Africans the question is what is the price that the West is offering Vorster for concessions in those areas. Is it more arms? Is it economic support which will enable him to build up the regime's apparatus of repression? is it political support at the UN and elsewhere? In recent months South Africa has stepped up its support for Smith. There are some indications that Vorsters intelligence sources told him that African countries were divided on their attitude towards the Turnhalle confer- BBC staff fight for TV black-out of Cup Final THE 12,000-strong BBC television union, the Association of Boredcasting Staff, called on its members to black coverage of the 1977 Cup Final in protest against its transmission to South Africa - but were frustrated by a court injunction granted to the BBC which ruled that the blacking would be illegal. - Te ABS General Secretary, D A Hearn, referred in a branch circular to an exchange of letters he had had with the BBC Director General in which he had stated: "1 must also make it clear, in view of the statement of policy on racialism made by the Association's recent annual delegate conference, that the ABS will take whatever industrial action is necessary to seek to prevent any broadcast of the Cup Final to South Africa," I Full support was pledge by the ACTT, the union most concerned with the ITV coverage of the Cup Final, for their ABS colleagues' stand. Alan Sapper, ACTT General Secretary, said that despite the recent change of ACTT policy on South Africa, the union was committed to support others involved in an industrial matter such as this T Equity demands apology for SA sale THE British Actors Equity Association Annual General Meeting last month heard strong protests from members over the sale to South African Television of "How Green Was My Valley"; a TV programme prodqced jointly by the BBC and the US 20th Century Fox Corporation. The programme was sold to SABC by Fox, but its sale was held to have been in breach of a BBC-Equity written agreement that such programmes should not be sold to South Africa. Equity decided that they should demand from the BBC both an apology and a penalty payment for the breach of the agreement, and further that the Union would not negotlate for payment for its members involved in the production as a result Af the ence in Namibia and that the West might be disposed torecognise a government set up by the Turnhalle. Therefore; he calculated that there might WHAT are the aims of current Western initiatives in Southern Africe? Is the West seeking genuinely to promote majority rule? Or would the effect of its proposals be t perpetuate white supremacy under another guise? A Zimbabwean with wide experience in the field of international diplomacy looks at the background to US Vice President Walter Mondale's meeting with Vorster in Vienna last month. He examines the options that appear to have been considered by Western p6icy makers and concludes that none of them would lead to genuine self-determination and freedom for the people of the area. also be a chance of winning international approval for some sort of "internal settlement" in Rhodesia, and encouraged Smith to work for an egreement with "moderate" Africans. This hat not worked out because the regime has been unable to find anyone to play the same role as, say, Chief Clemens Kapuuo has played in Namibia. Sources suggest that the Western powers have considered three options on Zimbabwe: to disdngage from the situation; to, reconvene the Geneva conference with or without lan Smith; or to allow time for the liberation struggle Demands by Scottish TUC THE Scottish TUC called on the British Government to place an immlediate ban on further British investment in South Africa at its conference last month. A resolution passed by the conference cited especially firms like British Steel and British Leyland in which the Government has a holding. The conference also called for the release of all South African political prisoners and asked its affiliates to intensify pressure in support of trade union rights for South African workers. Union calls for SA boycott THE Tobacco Workers Union has launched a campaign to persuade their members not to buy South African products. The'union sent out special-circulars to branches, as well as placing advertisements in the weekly press, in response to the bannings of South African trade unionistsand their advisers last November. to build up pressure against the minority regime and then to intervene before the point at which it must unconditionally surrender. A necessary pert of the third option would be for the West to continue to appear to be taking initiatives aimed at reaching a settlement With the announcement that an Anglo-American negotiating mssion is' to set up an -office in South Africa, it seems clear that it is this third option which has been adopted by the US and British Governments. It is a crucial;; part of this present Western strategy that the liberation struggle naust not be allowed to develop to the point where Smith is forced to surrender. On Nanibia, the West has considered the options of su pporting SWAPO; of waiting andwatching the oucome of the Turnhallp talks; or of pressurising the South African regime into inviting SWAPO to take part in talks. The recent series of meetings between the ambassadors of the US, Britain, France, West Germany and Canada, and the South African regime show that it has adopted the, last strategy. .The real choice in Southern Africa is between those who want to maintain the status quo and those who are struggling to overthrow if. For those who support the aspiration of thee black majority to self- determination, there is only one path - to talk to those who are fighting and to give them moral and material support. Release Dave Kitson A 100-strong meeting at the annual conference of AUEW (TASS) in May demanded the release of David Kitson from Local Prison where he is serving a 20-year sentence. Albert Dlomo of the African National Congress of South Africa described his own experiences as a prisoner on and ex- prisoner Fred Crneson spoke about the current political situation in Southern Africa. The meeting was organised by AUEW (TASS) Kitson Committee. Three TU bodies affiliate to AAM 'THE Associatlorrof Broadcasting Staffs, the BBC television union, has affiliated to the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The 500,000-member Region One of the Transport and General Workers Union, which covers the London area, has also affiliated, as well as the Fords Dagenham Shop Stewards Committee, which represents 26,000 motor workers at the multinational's big, Essex plant -. - , N-ATO support for Vorster THE Prime Minister of Norway, Odver Nordli, called on NATO member countries to stpport the Southern African freedom struggle, at the NATO Ministerial Meeting held in London, May 10-11. Addressing the meeting, he said: '"VWiust not allow arry doubt to persist about the solidarity of the Western world with the peoples of Southern Africa in their struggle for majority rule, human dignity and human rights." In a letter delivered so British Foreign Secretary David Owen, as President of the NATO Ministerial Council, the Anti-Apartheid Movement again uiged that NATO countries shouldand all military \ support for South Africa, either on a multilateral or a bilateal basis. It stated that South Africa cottinues to'use the NATO Codificatian Systam for Spares and Equipment and asked the meeting to decide that the system shouild be withdrawn and that South Africa should be denied all other similar facilities. Several NATO member countries have given assurances that they do not make the system eavailable to South Africa, and the Movement's letter therefore stated: 'We wee no reason why all NATO members should not adopta similar polieyof denying this form of support to the Pretoria regime." No uranium from Namibia T-IS cancellation of Britain's contract withRio Tinto, Zinc Corporation for the supply of uranium from Namibia was called for by Labour MP Alex Lyon at a press conference called to coincide with RTZ's annual shareholders meeting on May 24. VORStER CALLAIGHAN and how theyawe ste'na~ He was speaking at the launching of the new Campaign against the Namibian Uranium Contract (CANUC) which has already circularised Constituency Labour -Parties all over Britain asking them to demand that the Government cancels the contract. Details of campaign activities will be announced in the JulyAulust issue of AA NEWS A leaflet "Verster and Callaghan: How they are Stealing the Wealth of Namibie", ad e bacground paper,-"Why the Contract should be Cancelled", are wailable from CANUC, eJo Asi-APsrtheid Mome.g 1114 Charlotte St, London WlP 2DO.

Vorster pulls the strings as Smith attacks front-line states WHEN President Keunda dclared that Zambia was in a "state of war" with Rhodem last month, he stated that Smith was acting in collsiso With South, Africa. AA NEWS reports on how Vorster is helping to build the Rhodesian war machine' IAN Smith's latest threats to attack the Zambian people are nothing new, All three frontline states bordering on Rhodesia have for years been on the receiving end of the white minority's attempt$ to bully and intimidate them into withdrawing support from the Zimbabwean liberation struggle. RhodesianmedLeopards,avehicledesignedforoperationinthebush,witha personnel compartnsent Smith's acceptance of the which provides protection from blast if the vehicle hits a mine Kissinger package deal in September last year was in fact a signal for actually assisting on site. lRhodesia or to closure of the east 12 Mirages are being delivered a series of increasingly destructive It is. of course, inconceivable border as a method of forcing the to the Smith regime by South and punitive raids on Mozambique that a regime which is supposedly a whites o a settlement. Africa or have already arrived. and Botswana by Rhodesian troops pariah in the international commu- What has happened in practice is Brand new French Alouette hellnity could have survived a decade that South African military assis- copters, presumably loaned by the backed u withfighter bombers of economic sanctions and tence to Smith has been substan- Vorster regime, have been sighted even as the Geneva constituticnal escalating guerrilla warfare without tially increased since the beginning in three out of Rhodesia's four conference to work out a negotia- surreptitious external lupport on a of this year. "Vorster is not operational areas. ted settlement for Zimbetiwe was in massive scale. prepared to let Smith go down in Other new equipment acquired progres the regime, .in collusion On the military front, while flames," one South African told the recently via South Africa includes with Vorster and the West, was overt collaboration between Smith press, "If the expected intensifica- British-made 105 mm recoilless making feverish preparations for and Vorster was allegedly curtailed tion of the war shows signs of rifles, which are mounted on jeeps war against neighbouring African in 1975 with the withdrawal of the cracking the Rhodesian military or to form tank-busting units, mortars from Rhode- White morale, he will probabi and 5.5 howitzers. Film brought bck from Zim- sia, supplies of arms, ammunition, provide troops under the guise of Britain and its Western allies, Filme brought bekvfro Zteam fuel and volunteers for the security volunteers. The aim would not be while professing a desire to bring babwe by a O anish television team forces have in fact continued to to prop up Salisbury indefinitely, about majority rule in Zimbabwe in October1976. for example, flow. " . but to provide Smith with a posi- by "peaceful" means, do not even revealed details of four military The British Government's tion'of strength from which to implement the mostminimal airfields being constructed by the decision in January this year negotiate a moderate majority rule measures to put pressure on Smith. regime in strategic locations around unilaterally to call off the Geneva settlement." Theyhaveconsistently refused to the country -g incluing the north- talks in the face of the growing The truth is that Vorster's consider imposing economic sancwest, a jumping-off point for unityand negotiating muscle of the policies have always been geared to tions upon South Africa or even to even iontoAngola. These Paaied iatriotic Front in fact gave South maintaining white supremacist rule tighten up the arms embargo on the have runways capable of airfelds Africa an opportunity. to come in Zimbabwe: it is merely the vorster regime. They continue to fiher boms andte oftaking right out into the open again. tactics that have change from time allow mercenaries to leave openly fighter bombers and the heaviest Publicly, Vorster hasassured totime. andfreelytojoin Smith's security air transports, and are equipped Smith that South Africa will not According to recent reports in forces whilerefusingasyumsoworkshops putany pressure on Rhodesian The Guardian, Rhodesian Air Force refugees and draft dodgers from It is widelybelieved that US whites to accept a solution pilots, up till now equipped with Zimbabwe. In effect, by doing support and financial bucking have "dictated from outside". In a state- ,outmoded Hawker Hunters, have nothing to prevent fresh military been forthcoming, and the ment to Parliament on January 28, been icompleting conversion supplies reaching Vorster and Mozambique Government has Vorster confirmedthat South courses underSouth African Smith, they are making a negotiareported that US technicians are Africa remained firmly opposed to supervision on Mirage fighter jets at ted solution even more Improbable. any form of economic boycott of, bases in the northern Transvaal. At Zimbabweans on the roadt o freedom UNLIKE the stereotype of "refugees", Zimbabweans who have fled from Smith's repression into neighbouring African countries know that they are on the winning side. A recent visitor to Zimbabwean camps in Mozambique has reported that the people there are "bursting with energy, highly motivated and highly organised". "le who does not work, neither shall he eat" reads the sign erected by residents over the gate of one camp. Every day at least 30 new civilien refugees - those who are too young or too ;Id for service in the guerrilla army, mothers with young children, and those who for any reason do not join the freedom fighters - enter Mozambique. They are accommodated in camps under the joint supervision of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Mozambique Government. Young voluntary income tax. Mozambican conjunction with OXFAM- Canada. people in the camps have felled workers earning over a certain A new leaflet explaining the need thousands of trees to clear land for salary are encouraged to deposit, for support-and solidarity with planting and to build their own one day's wages each month in the Zimbabwean refugees in Mozamsleepingquarters,storeflouses, tbank. bique,Zambia,Botswanaand kitchens, infirmaries and schools. This account is taken from "A Tanzania has been produced jointly The camps are visited regularly Quest for Dignity", a special report by War on Want, Mozambique by Or Hugo Idoyag, tha repre- on Southern Africa published by Solidarity Action and Zimbabwe sentative of the UNHCR in Mozam- Searboro Missions, Ontario, in Medical Aid. bique. "I was amazed," he told a visitor. "I have never seen people workingsohard.Thewholelifeof Bishop'sspeech from tedock the camps is very, very impressive." Though the camps have reaped RT REVD Donal Lamont, Roman TV, however, and the fact tat at least one harvest from the . Catholic Bishop of Umtali and journalists were unable to make surrounding land, they are not yet deported by the Smith regime in contact with villagers in the war self- sufficient. The UN supplements March this year, told a press con- zones, meant rhat the true situatheir own food stocks with World ference in London in May that the ion had beaome greatly distorted Food Programme Allotments, and a six anda half million people as far as people in Britain and number of voluntarycontributors of Zimbabwe were in total other Western countries were have provided such items as seeds, sympathy with tie aims of the concerned tools, books and clothing since national liberation movemenr. Bishop Lamont's unswor sttemost refugees arrive with onlywhat Parts of Zimbabwe were now meent at his trial under the Law and they have on their backs. - "occupied" areas, he said, in the Order (Maintennce) Act in In spite of its own enormous sense that the regime's security October 1976, "Speech from the Problems of post-war recontruction forces were only able to venture Dock", is published by Kevin Maythe Mozambique Government has into them for brief forays. The hew Publishers in ae60ation with given substantial aid to the camps rigid control exercised by the the Catholic Institute for Internefrom its solidarity bank, a kind of regime over the press, radiqqnd, tignal Relatiols. Price 90p. Regime forced to cut* imports to buy arms. SO ineffective have been the UN sanctions against the Smith regime, 'that they have had to impose their own. The use of quotas, patticularly on imports of manufactures, has been the main factor behind the large trade surplus recorded by the Rhodesian economy. This was the only positive element in the regime's Annual ,Economic Survey published last month. It reports the declining output of almost all Iaectors of the economy and falling living standeards, even for the white population, in 1976 and-1975. Increases in sales tax and income and company taxes at the beginning of this year are likely to ensure a further year of decline in output and living standards. The only "thriving" parts of the economy are military expenditure and mining - the latter buoyed up by the high price of metals in world markets. The success of the freedom fighters is producing a serious and increasing drain on the economy. With falling output in the private sector, its Jabour requirements have, fallen and the clamour-against conscription appears to have died down a bit. More important, Rhodesia's war machine, even more than that of its ally South Africa, has to rely on imported equipment. This brings us back to the import quotes. Even Smith's most devoted friends will not go on supplying him arms on credit. A trade surplus was therefore essential if the regime was to be able to continue fighting. Since export income is largely beyond the control of the regime, this meant that "inessential" imports have to be cut. To some extent the general depression will cut these automatically, but In addition severe import quotas and petrol rationing have also been invoked to intensify the process. The survey also underlines the increasing importance of the trade routes through South Africa. The closure of the Mozambique border last March seems to have had remarkably little effect on the level of exports which actually rose last year. Accountants stay put in Britain PRICE Waterhouse, one of Britain's biggest accounting firms, has withdrawn its plans to send six staff members to work in Rhodesia, on the advice of the Foreign.Office. FCO Mittister of State Ted Rowlands intervened after reports about the proposed staff transfer had been brought to his attention by Anti-Apartheid Movement Chairman, Bob Hughes.MP. Earlier Price Waterhotuse had claimed that it could send staff to Rhodesia without contravening British sanctions legislation. The employees would have gone specifi cally to help the firm's ,Rhodesian subsidiary to overcome staff shortages caused by conscription into the army of the illegal regime. r

After Soweto: year of strugg Riot police attack workers, AGAIN and again, since the police shootings in Soweto lst June, the South Afrfcan police have opened fire on unarmed demonstrators. In addition, in Johannesburg and Cape Town, they have incited black migrant worke-s to attack local residents. Mr N F: "On December 26, some time after midday, we were told by the Riot Polide to stay in our home& Soon afterwards our house was attacked by men Wearing white doeks (head-cloths). The house was set alight with a petrol bomb, arid I tried to escape by the back door. "t was caught and attacked. I managed somehow to get away and came into 6th Avenue, where another group saw me, and I was attacked again. "While on the ground, I saw a big poice lorry approaching and throught that I would now be saved. Instead, when the lorry drew alongside, the policeman shouted 'Mask hom dood' (kill A Cape Town priest, Revd David Russell, together with other Ministers, published eyewitness accounts of police incitement of hostel dwellers in Cape Town during the Christmas weekend. Their first pamphlet him) and drove on. "Soon after that my attackers must have thought I was d'ead - I had been hacked all about the head - and they left, After a time I managed to make my way to the Office, where officials called for the ambulance.' Mr arid Mrs V N: "Our house ws attacked on Sunday December 26. We saw the hostel dwellers with white doeks together with the Riot Police. The Riot Police shot at the residents, opening the way for the attack. The Riot Police made no atempt to stop those who were throwing petrol bombs. "My wife was beaten up and -had to have six stitches above her eye. Our house wes burnt - we was banned and they issued a second memorandum "The Riot Police and the, Suppression of Truth" in April. The Anglican Bishop of Cape Town, Ravd Patrick Matolengwe, Revd David Russell and Father Richard O'Riordan are currently facing charges of producing undesirable literature. The following are some of the eyewitness reports of attacks by the riot police on Cape Town residents published in the memorandum. lost everything - nur furniture - bit me in the hand and leg. I was everything. A child in a nearby terrified andscreaming.Theyhousewaskilled eventuallytookthedogoffme. "A Mr Botha (a black resident) "1 was not takeg to get treatwas shot dead, when getting out of ment for my wounds, but instead his car, after coming back from wa kept in the cells of Lange church. We are all shocked. There police station for the night. My had bean no fightin-that we knew leg was bleeding through the of before the Riot Police shot the night. Some fellow prisoners wy through." helped me to bandage it with 18-year-old boy: "One morning in rags. February I was picked up by three "I was brought before the Riot Policemen in a Lange Street, Lange Court the next morning and taken to the bushy area not and charged with a pass offence, far from the Catholic Church. but was acquitted when I pidu. "Iwasthenbetenwith a cedmypasstoshow that I was baton several times by each of the actually born in Cape Town. three Riot Police. After this I was After being allowed to go, f went pushed away and allowed to go. A to the Clinic, where a doctor police dog was then set on me and treated my wounds." Journalist tortured by Security Police HUNDREDS of detainees have suffered brutal torture at the hands of the South African securitY police during the last year. Many students who have fled to Botswana have made sttements describing how they were beaten and given electric shock treatment. A former Dominican priest who worked with the Human Rights Committee in South Africa described how every ex-detainee he met told him that they had been tortured. NAT SERACHE is a journalist who sent reports to the BBC Africa Service as well as reporting for South African newspapers on the ddmonstrations in Soweto. The following is the account he gave after his escape to Botswana last April of the torture inflicted on him by the security police. I NAT Serache Was detained on three occasions by the South African police since September last year. On the first occasion I was detained from September 3 to September 14 under the General Law Amendment Act. I was kept at Square, tortured for a few days, and then after my release went to a Doctor Brosse who sent hip findings to a lawyers. On the second occasion I was detained from November 7 1976 to February 3 1977. I was first taken to Doornkop Military Base where police threatened to shoot six of us after we had been held' for four hours. They said they were tired of interrogating terrorists. We were kept at John Vorster Square for two days and then Kliptown Police Station for five, days, then Jabulani Police Station and then Protea, where I had my first taste of electric shock treatment With a hand generator which I could hear being wound up while I was blindfolded. On the third occasion I was detaind from Match,.19 1977 to April 4 1977 but only released on April 7 because I had difficulty raising R1000 bail. I was detained at Bloemfontein Prison where I was tortured by a Sergeant Hendrick Prinsloo, aLieutenant Human and another Sergeant also called Prinsloo, and others who did not identify themselves. They questioned me in relays. The second Sergeant Prinsloo blindfolded me and others fitted electrodes to my dhest, ears and testicles at different times. They also punched me. On one night I was kept standing from 8 pm to 6 am and a few days later they used pliers on my testicles because I refused to sign certain forms. Then Ihad to sign the forms because I could not 'resist the pain of the pliers on my testicles. The only part of the form I saw was the dotted line for my signature because the forms were folded over. I signed many of them. The second Sergeant Prinsloo said to me: "If you mention these forms we are going to eliminate you - you won't know what hit you if you talk about the forms-".. Vorster's reign ofl Hundreds shot dead 6.17 black people are known to have died in dam since last June - the great majority shot dead by - according to lists compiled by the South Afric for Race Relations. The true figure is almost cart 19 tortured to death AT least 19 detainees are known to have died un gation by the security police since March 1976. Over 1000 detained OVER 1000 people have been detained without last June, according to figures collected by the C Institute of Southern Africa. 471 people were ti detention at the end of.April 1977. At least 3001 under the age of 16 have been among those detai the last year. 'Amandla Sov days are numi "Sons and Daughters of Africa: Stand together firm and united and show the oppressor that we' will not be intimidated. We have the strength to hit back. Our otganised strength, unity and militant actions will give us more power then Vorster and all his guns. Rally to the call of the ANC - the tried and trusted organisation of all our people that Vorster and his police can never crusht United in this task we will smash the brute force of the oppresor "Demonstrate against the brutal murder of our children, of our brothers and sisters in soweto and other townships. Demonstrate your resolute opposition to the apartheid state, to racial oppression and the massacre of our people. "Vorster, your days are numbered! lzek'unyathelif Afrikal Amandla Sowatol Forward to the liberation of our South Africal Amandla Neawethul Meatla Ke Aronal Afrika Mayibuye! Forward to People's Power" Issued by the African National Congress in June 1976, shortly after the Soweto massacre on June 16. "Parents, you should rejoice for having given birth to this type of a child. A child who prefers to fight it out with the oppressors rather then to be submerged in drunkenness, frustration and thuggery. A child who prefers to die from a bullet rather than to swallow a poisonous education which relegates him and his parents to a position of perpetual subordintion. Aren't you proud of the soldiers of liberation you have given, birth to? Jf you ere proud,* DURING the las school students a tance to aperthei Africa. At the s massive political The following leaflets and news protests. support them Do so on Monday. "Parent-workers, t and stay, away fromv black society, have rK lose from Operation , but our chains. Let oi tremblel The-people, Africa are resolved they will be crying: 'I Release our Children We won't Abort our( Going to Workl','yN Murder our Children kieries!' "Our slogan is: Av Vorsterl Down with ( Power to the Peoplel' Issued by the Soweto Representative Coun of the September 13-: home. "The Racists do not bullets. Their gum o down our march for I the march to freedoir end. Reject all ceaes the racists grant us. C are crumbs. We went crumlbs. "Reject the CRC, Council, the brneg, managemnt couqmt1 black people suffer al "If you strike you system Where ithurts home, spread the wor "Freedom comes v flea. We shall orr 'Issued in the Caps Per

Y1e terror, mnonstratiOns by the police rican I nstitute ertainly higher under interro- ut trial since a Christian still in 0childrdn'tined over weto!. Vorster your aered' - ANC leat year hundreds of thousands of people, its and workers, have demonstrated their resisrteid in all the major industrial centres of Soutt etame time thousands of workers took part in ical strikes in Johannesburg and Cape Town. ving are extracts from some of the underground sewssheets which called on people to join the lonot go to work er, head our call, om work. We, the ne nothing to tion Azikhwelwa, Let our oppressors ople of South ed - in one word srg 'Kruger, Idrenl' 'Racists, our Children by ', " won't dren with Knobis: Away with with Oppression! oplel" naseto Students Council in support .r 13-15 stay-at) not spare their an try to out h for freedom. But seom must not onceslons that t us. Concessions went freeadomnot CRC, Indian wnelands, the ymrittees. All ffaralike. ue you will hit the t hurts. Take this hawrd. ones with secrisjuePteinwlar in support of the September 15-16 stay-ar-home. "Countrymen, this is not yet the time to retreat. Surely, not at a time when two universities have been reduced to ashes to support the cause. Surely, now at a time when almost everybody conscious has been arrested, surely a retreat is impossible when our brothers studying in other parts of the country have razed their schools to the ground and brought educational machinery to a halt. "If we are still looking for favours from M C Botha Minister of Education) to recognise us as matriculants, it simply means that we are not independent but servants of the system like Gatsha Buthelezi who is paid by Vorster, do we also want Vorster's certificate? To hell with a paperl A certificate?'The certificate we want now is our land, and for that we shall fight till the racists are defeated. Criminal Vorster keep your certificates and give us back our birthrights. Education is in itself good but the first school for an oppressed people is a revolution." Issued in Soweto in mid-September in support of the demonstration in Johannesburg City Centre. "People of South Africa - Sons and Daughters of the soil . African* National Congress and its military wing Umkhonto We Sizwe has declared: WE SHALL AVENGE THE BRUTAL MUR-, DER OF OUR INNOCENT CHILDREN. WE SHALL AVENGE THE RUTHLESS KILLING AND MAIMING OF OUR PEOPLE WHO HAVE RISEN IN HEROIC PROTEST AGAINST THE APARTHEID MONSTER!' "These racist murderers who slaughter unarmed children and women, fled in panic when they came face to face with the armed freedom fighters of UMKHONTO in Zimbabwe in 1967 and 1968. Their racist arrogance shrank when our MPLA comrades thrashed them in Angola. And now the time is coming when UMKHONTO will punish the racists on our own soil. The mass struggle of our people helps to bring that day nearer. "Already Vorster is trembling because last October bombs destroyed the Jabulani police station, the Mzimhlops railway line and the Tzaneen to Pietersburg railway. He knows that armed freedom struggles start in small ways as happened in Angola, Mozambique and Vietnam. "The freedom fighters organise the people in the towns and the countryside: the mas struggle grows side by side with the armed struggle. In this way we build a PEOPLE'S POWER that will punish the oppressor for hit crimes and establish freedom and justice over every inch of our beloved South Africal" issued by the African National Congress and distributed in a series of pamphiet bomb explosions on December 15 1976. T 'The courage of the youth of South Africa- an inspiration to us all" HIS June we shall be AAM President c-,ommemorating t e Tlrs[ anpiversary of the tragic shooting of young schoolchildren in Soweto. But how can we do so adequately? Can we imagine the grief and suffering felt by the brothers and sisters, the parents and the-friends of the hundreds of young black South Africans who have been killed or detained since June 16 last year? Is our sympathy enough? Seventeen years ago the world mourned the dead of Sharpeville. Many of us told the world then that Sharpeville was no -isolated incident, but the logical consequence of apartheid policies. Now the world is mourning the dead of Soweto; yet South Africa's traditional allies appear 'unmoved. I sense, however, that unlike Sharpvill e Soweto is the beginning of the end. Despite all the obstacles, justice will triumph. The courage of the youth of South Africa should be an inspiration to us all. On this anniversary, I urge you to recall that great appeal by Chief Lutuli who, speaking for black South Africans, called upon humanity to oppose apartheid. And let us never forget that it is those who ignored his appeal who are responsible for the violence we are now witnessing in South Africa. I should like to make a special plea: that we redouble our efforts to end all British collaboration with apartheid. We in, UPW expressesits full solidarity with the black workers, students and schoolchildren of Southern -Africa in their liberation struggleTom Jackson General Secretary On this first anniversary of Soweto THE FIRE BRIGADES UNION the aims of the Anti-Apartheid Movement reaffirms its solidarity with EnochHumphries TerenceParry President GeneralSecretary ON this first anniversary of Sowto CPSA reaffirms its support for "he Anti-Apartheid Movement. Civil and Public Services Association. ACTT ^ remembers the dead of Soweto and pledges full support for the people of Southern Africa. Alan Sapper General Secretary Bishop Ambrose Reeves Britain will be judged not by our words but by our deeds. It is my fervent hope that we achieve in the days ahead that which we failed to achieve after Sharpeville. Bishop Ambrose Reeves President of the Anti-Apartheid MOvement USIAW Backs for Peace and Justice sI Africa i II istribtv an SY SHOOTINGS, DETENTION AND I_10RTURE 1

INSIDE SOUTHERN AFRICA SduthAfrn SA police fire 1 on protesters. SOUTH African police opened fire again on demonstrators in Soweto onApril 27, as residents protested againstbig rent rises. At least 49 proteters were arrested and three taknto hospital with gunshot Ted: es debts were protesting against rent increases of up to 50 per cent - which have come on top of steep rise in food and transport costs. One deimionstrator cartied adustbin lid inscribed: "Salary R28 - Rent R22 - Food RIOClothing R36 - School R20 Luxury?" According to the Johannesburg Chamber of Commerce the minimum monthly costof maintaining a household of five in Soweto has risen to £104.66 over the last six months -An increase of 14.5 per cent, which is over twice the national inflation rate. There are 96,000 houses in Soweto, with 70000 registered tenants and an estimated 300,000 illegal residents -or 10 people to every house. Most houses have no electricity, no ceilings and no internal doors. The demonstrations in Soweto were followed by protests by Coloured residents in the El Dorado Park area of Johannesburg - also against rent increases. Police fired teargas against the demonstrators - most of them women and children. Red Cross condemns gaol conditions THE conditions under which the South African Goverrimenrtholds politfcal prisoners have been sharply attacked by a representstive of the International Committee forthe Red Cross, Alexandre Hay. . I On a visit to South Africa in April he said that the restrictions placed on political prisoners were "very severe". "I am not convinced that these things are necessary for security reasons," he added. He particularly attacked the communications blackout enforced on prisoners - the fact that they are not allowed newspapers or radios and that they receive few Visits fro~n their families because of the difficulty of travelling to Robben Island. He was refused permission by the South African Government to visit detainees held under the Terrorism Act and the Internal Security Act. The Red Cross insists that its representatives should see detainees alone, to ensure confidentiality. But the authorities proposed that the Red Crs only be allowed to visit in the presence of a magistrate. The app llngconditions in which priseners on Robben island are held were described at a London press conference in April by two former prisoners, Albert Dtomo and They said that medical care was totally inadequate andthat several prisoners are known to have died on the Island or to have been sent 'ho et die. Letters were often withheld from prisoners and visits were tarfe because it was financially impossible for most prioners' wives and families to travel to Robben Island, off the southernmost tip of South Africa. THE International Association of Democratic Lawyers, based in Brusels, has called on the Vorstar regime to release af South African political prisoners, It says that black South Africans are fighting for human rights and apartheid constitutes a crime against humanity and a serious threat to world peace. Children held in solitary AT least 150 children under the age of 16 have been detained by the security police in the last six months. Sme as young as 10-years old have been held in solitary confinement for several months. Of those still held, 17 are known to be under 16 - the true figure is probably higher, as the ages of only 20 per cent of detainees is known. In a trial involving 86 school pupis from Kagiso, Krugrsdorp, 53 were aged 16 or under - there were sixteen 15-year-olds, five 14-year-olds, five aged 13. one 12 and one 10. All were detained before their trial and were ultimately acquitted of public violence. In the Cape. large numbers of children aged 12, 13 and 14 have been held under the Terrorism Act. some for several months. Provisions in the South African Terrorism Act specifically override provisions which in other cases protect the interests of children. According to a South African law professor: "There is nothing in law to protect s child, no matter how young, from the Terrorism Act. And there is nothing the courts can do to question his detention." Government rejects plan on Coloureds THE South African Government has rejected the main recommendstons of the Therpn Commission On the status of Coloured people, which it set up last year. Among the recommendations which were dismissed by a Government White Paper were: * that Coloureds should be given representation in Parliament " that the Mixed Marriages Act and the Immorality Act should be repealed " that alluniversities should be open to Coloured students " that job reservation between ,Coloureds and whites should be abolished. The Government White Paper accepted the Commission's proposal that Coloured people should be allowed to become membgls of white scientific, professional and business bodies if their members agreed - but it stated that it would prefer.Coloureds to form separate organisations. " It stated that the would be amended so that industrial areas will in future be available for Coloured and Indian businessmen to iet up factories; but it rejected the Commission's recommendation that local authorities should be empowered to grant permission for members of different races to use the same entertainment or recreational faeclitie If the owner so requested. The White Paper stated that differences in wages and employment privileges should be eliminated - butrefused to drop job reservation, and specifically defended the statement made by the Minister for Labour on:the introduction of the Industrial Conciliation Act in 1966, that job reservation was intended to secure the living standardsof white workers. The White Paper has been sharply condemned by the Coloured Labour Party and rejected by a large section of the pro-overnment Federal Party. Indian Council boycotted SOUTH African Asians are to be forced bylaw to register to vote in elections for the stooge Indian Council - because so far only 11 per cent have-done so. In spite of two extensions of the registration deadline, the vast majority of those eligible to register have shown that they regard the Council as a puppet institution. A new Bill was introducel in April providing for penalties of three months' gaol or a R50fine for those who do not register. Zimbabwe Black: white ratio - 23:1 THE proportion of blacks towhites In Rhodesia is now23,1 - or 6.300,000 blacks to 274,000 white. The white emigration rate is now higher than the birth rate, so the number of whites in the country is falling. Immigration has dropped from a monthly average of around 1000 in 1975 to less than 500 in each of the last three months of 1976. Emigration has risen from about 400 a nmonth in 1968 to 900 a month in 1975 and over 1100 last year. Prisoners murdered by warder REPORTS from inside Khami Prison in Rhodesia say that at least two men serving gaol sentences thete have died recently because thby were deliberately given the wrong medicinesy a wrderf. George Mutusi, a member of the African National Congress of South Africa, and Reggie Hlatshweyo both died last year after being given overdoses of sleeping tablets instead of the treatment they'neededfor high blood pressure. According to the reports at least five other prisoners died between 1973 and 1975 because they were given the wrong medicines. The sourcs accuse a medical warder, Daniel Mupende, of deliberately giving prisonerswho suffer from low or high blood ressure many grams of sleeping drugs. They say also that books sent to prisoners by charitable orgaersations, stationery and newspapers are held back by warders and sold on a prisonblack market. Priest aids fighters FATHER Laurence Lynch, a Roman Catholic priest, and Michael Pocock, a British-born Anglican headmaster, were both sentenced to 3Y year conditionally suspended prisou terms in April. They were convicted of helping guerrillas and failing to report their presenceto the security forces. Father Lynch ran the Mount Meleray Mission in the Eastern Highlands of Inyanga, while Mr Pocock was the principal of St Mary Magdalene School in the same district. According to an agreed statement of facts presented by the prosecution. avroup of 13 armed guerrillas had arrived at St Mary Magdalene School on February 2. Pocock had assembled students and staff at the guerrillas' request and an hour-long political meeting took place. In the case of Father Lynch, the agreed statement said that on February 20 the same group of 13 armed guerrillas arrived at Mount Meleray Mission and had been given food nd soft drinks. Father Lynch had spoken tothe guerrillas and three of them, carrying arms, had attended Mass. Namibia New offer rejected by SWAPO SWAPO President Saim Nujomea has rejected new plans for Namibia put forward by the Vorster regime following the talks in Cape Town between Vorster and representatives of the Western powers. At a press conference in Luanda on May 12. he said that the Western countries were proposing that SWAPO should take part in the Turnhalle meeting, together with 'stooge tribal bodies. But he repeated SWAPO's stand that It would only negotiate directly With the Soutb. Africen authorities and that it demanded the total withdrawal of South African troops and the release of political plisoners. Representatives of the three main churches in Namibia have also told the Western envoys that they rejectaeny agreement based on the Turnhalle talks. In a memorandum, leaders of the churches wernedthat the plan for an interim government put forward by the participants in the Turanlellswasmerely aeoatinuation ,of South Afriea's aBtustan policies in Namibilaand coudonly be carried out if the South African armed forceg contlnued to occupy Namibla. Namibian guerrillas go on trial FOUR SWAPO freedom fighters appeared before the Windhoek Supreme Court at the beginning of May on charges under the South African Terrorism Act of breaking "law and order" in Nemibia. All are pleading not guilty. Benjamin Chtispus Uulenga and Ruben Itengula are both alleged to have crossedthe border from Angola in the company of other SWAPO guerrllasand to have been involved,in battles with South African troops in Ovamboland. Uulenga, who was badly wounded in the left leg and hip, is said to have been captured after firing at a South African Puma helicopter. Michael Shikongo, described as an active SWAPO supporter, is llegesito have provided guerrillas with food, hile Lazarus Guiteb, SWAPO Secretary in Otjiwarongo, is also accused of actively organi. ,sing in support of the freedom fighters. SWAPO members picketed the Supreme Court in Windhoek at the start of the trials, singing SWAPO songs and carrying bannersreading "South Africa has no right to try ,the Namiban people. You will not exterminate SWAPO" and "You ere on trial, not SWAPO". Namibians join SWAPO ANOTHER group of Namibians has unconditionally resolved to join SWAPO ( Peoples Organisation of Namibia) as an affiliated organisation. The 17,000 member Association for the Preservation of the Tjanuaha-Mahararo Royal House is the seventh group to have declared its support for SWAPO over the past few months. Daniel Tjongarero, Vice-Chairman of SWAPO, said in Windhoek that the Royal House, a Herero grouping, had decided that a united opposition to the Vorster regime was essential in present circumstances.'South Africa was forcing onto the Namihian people and, with other "enemies of freedom", was endeavouring to play liberation groups off against each'other in an attempt "to create an Angola-type situation after liberation". The Association for the preservation of the Tjamuaha-Maherero Royal House was formed in 1971 after the power struggle which developed emong the Hereros following the death of Chief Hose Kutako. It has stood in opposition to Chief Clemens Kapuso, leader of the Herero delegation to the Turnhalle constitutional talks. The Royal House's decision to join SWAPO is another body-blow-to the Vorster regime's claim that SWAPO is only one among alarge number of regional political parties in Namibia.

AnU-APsrte§UONOWS _ .r-11 - Why the Coop -has banned adverts for - South African products IT has long been the policy of the London Co-op (thelargest single retail pu-op in theworld) to refuse to promote the sale of South African goods, and to seek alternatives. This policy has been progressively applied: a stage has nowbeen reached when for the year ended January 1977 the sales of South African produce have fallen to £200,000. about half of one per cant of LCS food shop sales. Recently the TUC asked the Cooperative Union to help in a one week'i boycott of South African goods, and the London Society, amongst others, earned congratulations from the secretary of the TUC for its "magnificent response". Quickly reacting to a prominent advertisement eulogisiqg South African goods in the Cooperative News.the London Society moved a resolution at the annual meeting of the Co-operative Press seeking to discourage such advertisements in future. Despite the upport of the Co-operative Press Board, the resolution was phssed by only one vote - thanks to the total opposition of the Glasgow mseeting, There is still a lot of work to be done there! But as a result of this resolution, those responsible for the Move- mest's nationally advertised programme have decided to omit South Africani goods from the scheme for a year. This is a real breakthrough, which we need to follow up. There is a very high professional leel of promotion tof South African produce, which is hard to resist: we must ensure that these offensive promotions are resisted. Can similar pressure be exerted on Marks and Spencer, for instance, who are currently advertising South African apples at a time when top quality fruit is available from France and New Zealand? A resolution passed at the meetings of the London Co-op early this May called on the Society to approach the TUC, the Labour Party and other Co-operative Societies in a combined action to secure the phased withdrawal of South African goods from the shops. There was virtually no opposition to this resolution, but it must also be said that only twelve out of 37 sectional meetings obtained a quorum (20 members) - an all tirni low - and the total . vote in favour of the resolution was less than 300, out of a nominal memberihip of one million. This failure to mobilise sufficient support does not make the task of convincing many times that number of managers and staff that it iS in their own interests to support the black South Africans. The staff THECo-operative Movement has suspended the promotion of South African goods for the next year, and the big London Co-op Society is moving towards a phased withdrawal of South African products from its shops. DAVID HUTTON, whols a Director of the LCS; argues that this is a big breakthrough for the boycott movement, but that more work must be done to explain why shoppers should boycott South African goods. of co-operative shops earn their living by increasing soles, and on their success in this task the future of the Society depends. . What South African produce is still being sold? More than half of it, suprisingly enough, consists of pilchards. Coilish plichards are more expensive to buy and supplies are limited. Whenever Cornish pilchards are available, the LCS puts them on sole, often cutting the People's Republic of Angola attacked from north and south THE People's Republic of Angola is under attack both from separatist movements backed by Zaire anti from apartheid South Africa. PAUL FAUVET reports on Angola's continbing struggle to.protect its independence. THE nature of Mozambique and Angola as "front-line states" is clearly )rought home by the attacks that both these countries have suffered since independence. Rhodesian incursions into Mozambique are fairly wellknown (although their scale is still not fully appreciated), but little publicity has been given to the threatening situation on the borders of the People's Republic of Angola. Angola faces attack from hostile neighbours across both her southern and northern frontiers. The dictatorship of General Mobutu Sese Seko in Zaire provides sonctqary for the Cabindan separatists of FLEC (Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave) and for the forces of FNLA, defeated in teli 1975/76 war. These organisations, together with European and American mercenaries, launch. terrorist raids across the northern borders. Angolan President Agostinho Neto has warned that Zaire is being used as a base for a planned invasikn of Angola later this year, under the code name of "Cobra 77". Nato was able to point out the location of 17 military bases inside Zaire near the Angolan border, where FNLA and regular Zairois * troops are being trained together for aggression against Angola. Mobutu's depiction of the revolt in Zaire's Shaba province led by the Congolese National Liberation Front (FLNC] as nothing but an "invasion" from Angola, is an attempt to internatiorsalise the conflict and win support for supposedly retaliatory measures Mobutu is reported to be in regular contact with the other major threat to Angola - the South African apartheid regime, which now maintains 50,000 troops in northern Namibia. This display of military might poses a standing threat to Angolan security. There are constant South African incursions across the border, shooting incidents, overflying of Angolan airspace, and occasional destruction of Angolan property. The South Africans also provide training facilities for the other Angolan puppet movement. Jonas Savimbi's UNITA. At least four bases in Namibia are being provided by South Africa for UNITA use at Rundu, Grootfontein. Ondangwa and Changwena. For the South Africans, UNITA is useful not merely against the People's Republic of Angola, but also against SWAPO forces UNITAmsakes fantastic claims about its strength insde, Angola, Statements from its leaders that it controls half the population, or two-thirds of the territory are common. It also claims to have taken large numbers of Cuban prisoners - but has been unable to produce a single one to substantiate this. In reality, UNITA's presence is confined largely to the sparselypopulated province of Cuando Cubango in south-eastern Angola, and to a lesser extent Moxico ar d Bie provinces. Its continuing activity depends not on any degree of serious popular support, but on the facilities provided by South Africa. UNITA activities hardly merit the term "guerrilla warfare": instead they take the form of banditry, With the occasional wholesale massacre of innocent villagers. On MPLA's initiative selfdefence committees have been established in many southern villa, gas to protect the population from UNITA's depredations. The South Africans have also been busy building new airfields in the Caprivi strip. These can hardly be designed purely for use inside Namibia. They pose a threatboth to Angola and to the other adjacent African states, Botswanasal -d Zambi . aiiiii iii price to match their South African counterparts. At certain times of the year South African oranges cannot be matched by fruit of comparable quality froh alternative sources. In terms of mopy value, however, it is the-rade of f80,000 in cigarettes comiingfrom the South African connected Rothman group which is the mst important. How can we stop cuastomsers if they have become addicted to this part cular product? Wht needs to be done? " If pressure is to be effective it'must come from people who trade as all as ote in the Co-op. HeIp the Co-p to help you. * The capaigo must be extended to private competitors - it is no good boycotting South African produce in outlets responsible for 10 percent of the trade if it is freely - available in the other 90 per cent. * More publicity must be given by both Co-op and anti-' apartheid groups on WHY South African goods are being boycotted. On this issue it is ineffective to do good in-secret. The trade unions and the Labour Party must be involved. So far most of the-sacrifices have been made by the Co-op - the Union of Post Office Workers is a conspicudon exception. Too many members of the Labour Party -or even of more militant left parties - will not even make the "sacrifice" of buying from socially-oweed shops until they are in all ways better than any of their capitalist rivals. David Hutton is writing in a personal capacity. thetr' apeitrbforlieste THE Vorster regime is now THE Vorster regime is now holding over 300 'prisoners convicted bnder its security laws -33 of them for life. In the first of a series of profiles"f South Africa's political prisoners, AA NEWS tells the story of Andrew Mlangeni who has been incarcerated on Robben Island since he was sentenced to life imprisonment in June 1964. ANDREW Mlangeni Was born'and grew up in Soweto - Where his wife and four children still live. As a-teenager he worked as a caddie ona whites-only golf course to help with his family's upkeep, until his brother was able to help get him into St Peter's School where he passed his Junior Certificate. Later he worked as a clerk in a drawing office, and then as a bus driver. In February 1961 heaccomponied a reporter for New Age, Joe Gqabi, to Boomplats near Lydenburg in the eastern Transvaal, to investigate the forced removal of the Bapedi tribe from laonds they had occupied for many years to a place near Rietfontein. The two men were arrested for being on Trust land without permission and when they appeared in court a new charge was brought against them - that they had made subversive statements. 'Special branch police were brought from Pretoria for the trial, but they were acquitted. Andrew Miangeni was again arrested at , Johannesburg, in July 1963 with , and 8 others, and was charged under the Sabotage Act and the.Suppression of Communism Act. He admitted carrying massages for Umkhonto We Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, but it remained in issule whether he was actually in Johannesburg when acts of sabotagg took place and whether he himself had participated in hiding dynamite. The judge did not give him the benefit of the doubt, and sentenced him to life imprisonment. CHALLENGE, monthly paper of the Young Communist League. Price 8p. Subscription £1.30 for 12 issues. Send to 28 Bedford St, London WC2. PEACE NEWS for non-violent PHOTO CRAFT struggles and making alternatives. Information, analysis, strategies for 4 Heath Street social change. £3 for 6 months London NW3 subscription. £1 for trial se issues. 00hotographic dealers and From 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham, photographers LABOUR's independent monthly - LABOUR LEADER - for socialism and the Labour Party. Annual subscription £1.30. Send for a sample copy from ILP, 49 Top Moor Side, Ceeds LS1 1 9LW. SANITY, the paper of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmamepnt (CND), keeps you in touch with the arms race, the threat of war and hor pce. £1 a year from l ~J~s~~L~4 ire House, Bulfards WE' titt.llp1OPT,,

MP Naicker- 'died as a soldier on the. attack' A VERY moving and powerful farewell was given to M P Naicker by a vast crowd of people from Britain, Europe and Africa at Golders Green Crematorium on Sunday May 8. , Acting President of the African National Congress of South A'frica, said that MP "died as a soldier on theatack"'and that he remained "a citizen of a country that disclaimed him". The South Party's national chairman, Yussuf Dadoo, told how PAP had fought all his adult life for a free South Africa Brian Bunting told the mourners: "Pick up hlssword and fight for a new South Africa." He spoke also of the great warmth of MP's per-, sonality and the affection which he inspired in thosa who worked-with -him. "He was a part of all our families," he said. Maremuthoo Pragalathan Nailcer, popularly known as "MP", was a descendant of the 1860 indentured loIourers uprooted from lea and dumped in sub-tropical Nat for the cultivation and production of sugar. Born on July 28 192&of working class parents, MP experienced the tremendous hardships that ravaged the already poverty stricken working people brought on by the consequence of the 1929 depression. He left school with not much formaleducation but with a political awarenees inculcated by a devoted teacher who was committed to liberation, that was to set MP on a political course afhich lasted for nearly 40 years. Soon after leaving school he worked for a while as a book-keeper's clerk in the coastal town of Umkoomas and later he got a job as a van driver in a bakery at which his father worked in Durban. He joined the Communist Party atthe age of 18. He was immediately thrown into the militant trade unionism that was sweeping the country. His trade union involvement brought him into contact with Police brutality. He was beaten up and arrested for ihe first (and not the last time when helping to orgenise a laundry workers' strike in Durban. Soon he was involved in several different orgenisations and study groups, one of which was the Liberal Study Circle, one of the few but most effective forums for the study of nationalism and Marxism. It was in the Anti-Segregealon" Council, a militant bloc within the reactionary-led Natal Indian Congresswhere MP's potential as a leader stood out. This bloc, led byDr G M Naicker, made a deter. mined bid to oust the reactionary elemetslin Congress.The bloc sent out its activists throughosut Natal for grass roots suppcit for a programe of militant strfuggle and unity with the African p4ople end for complete equality of all nationaliiet. With the militants now firmly installed in the leadership of the South African Indian Congress, the Indian community was led into a serias of struggles which have become sagas of the liberation movement. The passive of 1946 is one such example. It was in this struggle that MP distinguished himself as an able and first-class organiser. He became the secretary of the Natal Passive IaResistance Council. The year 1949 was-a perticularly trying and difficult period for the progressive movement. With-the advent of the Nationalist (Malan) regime, a reign of terror and intimidation was unleashed in the African reserves and on progressive orgarisatiopen in the country. In Durban a racist-engineered pogrom took place between the African and Indian people, MP,.like many of his colleagues, went into the thick of the rioting to restore peace and harmony. During this ghastly time, MP worked tirelessly. Quite often he would come home exhausted and hungry and at times barely clothed, having given the shirt off his back to some victim of the riot. His courage won the admiration of the Indian and African people alike. 'The building of unity between the African and Indian people - indeed among all nationalities was foremost in his political work. In this respect he earned the recognition of the ANC leadership with whomh be was extremely popular. Soweto uprisings slide THE Important International" Geneva On May76 it opend at Defence and Aid Fund xhlbition the New York Ethical Union, under "Sonmo and the uprisings of 1976 the sponsorship of the American in outh Africa" is being repro- Committee onAfricaand other dcd in setes of slides Consisting of anti-apartheid organisations in the 155 photographs, including facsimi- US. 1w of leaflets and other documents Its value in demonstrating the, clt ated during the uprisings, the evils of apartheid has been wellexhibition has received enthusiastic understood by the ruling circles in intran al acclaim. SouthAfrica.ANationalistParty ltwas first shown at the Africa MP attacked the exhibition in the Cetre in London in March and has South African House of Assembly scbeen on dislayat the U last Marc/ as pact of the "fereign hedures NeW~'r sf-aid ArI onslaughts" on South:Afrkats - political system, The positive results of this difficult but fundamental task bore fruiton June 26 1950 - the first national political strike by all the oppressed people of South Africa In Durban, which 18 months before had been the scene of bloody rioting, the two oppressed groups now stood shoulder to shoulder against the regime. This unity Was further developed and in 1952 MP was in the forefront of the historic . In this, as in several other campaigns, Saro, his Wife, was always at his sideand in 19524was herself in prison. MP had an unlimited capacity for work. By this time he had, taken on the responsibility of manager, correspondent and editor of the Durban offices of New Age; Ie pushed upthe circulation, raised thousands of pounds and wrote some of the most stirringaccounts of the struggle in Pondpland. His exposure of the kidnapping of Garyila Anderson rocked Pretoria and the authorities were-forced to release Ganyile, The Ne Age office became one of the centres of activity, attracting scores of young people, some of whom ware later to become outstanding cadres in the trade unions, the Congress movement and MK (Ulmkonto We Sizel). Eventually when he was forced to leave South Africa as aresult of continuous harassment, imprisonment and bannings, he made sure he got a lot of victims or would-be victims out of the-way of the Security Branch - at great risk to himself - and organised their . escae out of the country. In Botswana he ensured that the refugees were provided with food and shelter. He also organised their social and recreational activities. Very soon hejaeame a popular personality with the people of Bot wana. After some time in Botswana, he arrivedin Britain here he took on the responsibility of actiig as the ANC's Director of Publicity and editor of Sechaba, a task to which, in his usual style, he gave everything he had. For his work as a political journalist he was awarded the Julius Fucik prize and elected to the executive committee of the IOJ. It was in the course of his duties that he died on April 29 on a -plane from Amsterdam to Berlin in the German Democratic Republic No more fitting tribute could have been paid to MP - outstanding Communist and Congress fighter - than the slogans of Soweto that were echoed at his memorial service - "Don't MournlMobilisel" ;xhibition Requests for the exhibition have been pouring in to the IDAF from soliderity groups, religious and educationat organisations and even governments, and it was considered that slides would be the most effective way of Mqeeting this demand. The Fund expects the slides to be ready by June, in time for the anniversary of the shootings in Soweto last yer, Further details: IDAF, 104 Newgate St, London EC1, Migrant labourSouth Africa's shame Another Blanket: A report on migrant labour. Published by gney for Industrial Mission. MIGRANT labour isin many respects the economic cornerstone of apartheid. It also provides the most graphic illustration of the spqial consequences of apartheid., Last year the Agency for Industrial Mission, assisted by some sociologists from the University of the Witwatersrand, promoted an enquiry into one aspecq of migrant labour. A team of theological students followed migrant workers from their homes in Lesotho through to the gold mines on the Rand owned by the Anglo -American Corporation. For the most part, Another Blanket is the words of the migrants themselves, The title comes from a song they sing as they leave their villages behind -"1 assume another blanket" - and change their identity. The introduction sums up what this change means: "They speak of the concrete realities of migrancy -broken homes, loneliness, infanticide, illegitimacy at home; prostitution, corruption, drunkenness, homosexuality in the compound.. They uncover the human dimension of migrency statistics. On the job, they tall of fear and frustration, racial tension and resentment underground. None of this is particularly unexpected, although it is a moving confirmation of what any critical observer might have expected." In two appendices, some of the factual background to migrant labour is described. The gold mines have over the years become increasingly dependent on' migrang: in 1936, more than half their black employees were South Africans, but by 1978 only onefifth were. Lesotho is the most important supplier, followed byMozambique - the rest are cornperatively insignificant. In recent years the mines have tried-to diver si; in 1975 they began a recruiing campaign in Rhodesia, which was so ucGessful that they had to impose a ceiling on the numbers being-recruited. Doubtless Smith was gratified at South Africa's help in solving his unemployment problem. Since the study was sponsored by the churches, it has much of interest to say on their role in South Africa. Most migrant workers regard the church as a stooge of the mines - hardly surprising when one reads that a mine in Western Transvaal isthe employer of nine black and two white ministers. The then, logical students who lived in the mine compounds conducting the interviews for the study evidently came away determined to shift their-churches' stance on migrant labour. The Agency for Industrial Mission needed permission from Anglo American to conduct its enquiry, A draft report was sent to the mining company, and the chairman of the Gold Division, has a-one-page foreword which Is, inadvertently, more revealing than enything else. He writes: "We are as anxious as anyone to find out what our black employees are thinking and what their grievances and aspirations are." This~anxiety apparently does not extend to wanting trade unions and democratically elected representatives of the workers who would leave Anglo American in no doubt what their grievancesand aspirations ena.A o America describes the report as "an authentic and fair recording". How can he judge, if he-does not know whatJth -migrants think? And if it is authentic and fair, then the company has admitted responsibityforwhant -wust-ratksi one of the-most degrading and exploitatiesocial orgenisations since the abolition of slavery. Rupert Pennant-Rea SECHABA Officiat.organ of the African National Congress of South Africa Vol 11. Second quarter 1977 The Victory of our Cause is Assured Oliver Tambo at-the UN How June 16 Demo was Planned Interview with Tebello Motapanyana, Secretary General of SASM The ANC is the Answer Interview with Nkosazana Diamini about the role of the ANC antl its relationship with the black consciousness movement Annual subscription £2. Single copies 50p From: Sechaba Publications, 49 Rathbone Street, London WIA 4NL A Window-on Soweto byJoyce Sikakan A personal account of living in South Africa's largest , this book documents the historical and social background to the experience. Illustrated 80p PublicationdateJune 9 Published by IDAF, 104 Newgats St, London ECl Conference SATURDAY JUNE 18 10.30am.5.30pm South Wales Institute of Engineers, Park Place, Cardiff Trade Union and Liberation Movement speakers Cardiff AA Group, 43 ladysmith Rd, Pepylan, Cardiff ______t -

ACTION -NATIONALAND INTER NATIONAL Britain Oxford A Conference calling for the release of politicaL prisoners in Southern Afria took place at Ruskin College Oxfordon Saturday May 14. It was attended by about 65 delegates, who listened to Nkosazana Diarnini. who spoke movingly about the plight of students who took part in + the uprisings in the townships last year; [Jidymus Mutate, who talked about thq hangings of politicalke prIsonersin Zimbabwe, and Shapue Kukungusa Western European epresentative of SWAPO, who spoke on the current situation in Namibia. There were workshops on ZimbabTe, Namibia end South Africa led by Albert lomo, Fred Carison end lugt Lein, and a petition seas launched calling fccthe release of David Kitten from Pretoria Local Prison. This had already been signed by 150 MPs and by studenth and tutors from Ruskin College. The conference was supported by the Oxford and District Trades Council and trade union branches which sent delegates, included COHSE NUPE, ASTMS and TGWU. It was sponsored bythe Ruskin Kitson Committee, AUEW-TASS Kitson Committee and the Oxford s Anti-Aprtheid Group. Petition forms are available from: : Anne Mobbs, Oxford AA Group, 105 Cardigan St, Oxford, tel Oxford 53755. Haringey -HARINGEY Anti-Apartheid Group is organising a jumble and gift sale to raise funds for the AAM on Saturday June 11. Contributions of jumble, good second-hand 6iothing, books, china, bric-a-brac, homemade cakes and produce are all needed for the sale, which will start at2 pmin South Haringey Infants School, Mattison Road, N4. On Tuesday June 21 the Group will hold a film evening at 8 pm at the YWCA Community Project,, 628 High Road. N17, showing AY "Thereis n risis" nd a firm on Nemible: Margaret Ling; - V RoadN4, tel 3486657. Exeter EXETER and District AntiApartheid Committee is'stging "Amandlal" - an evning of music, poems end sketches from and about South Africa - in theBedford Room. Barnfield Theatre. as part of the 1977 Silver Jubilae Exeter Festival on June 2. The evening will feature Staverton Bridge. A repeat performance of the show wilt take place on June 24 at the Rising Sun, Torquay. Contact: Exeter and District AA Cdmitnittee. Tel Longdown 384, Leeds LEEDS Anti-Apartheid Group is planning to hold a torAlight vigil in Leeds City Centre on June 16 to make the anniversary of the police shooting of students and other demonstrators in Soweto last year. Leeds Council has agreed to hear a delegation from the group which will make representations AAlocal groups plan to step up action OVER 40 representati s of local anti-apartheid groups met in Manchester on Saturday May? to discuasa how to campaign move effectively and coordinate their work. They came from 13 groupa and from places as far apart as Glasgow and Exeter. Immediate activities discussed were campaigns on Zimbabwe and to mark the first anniversary of the Soweto shootings in South Africa. It was agreed.that in the longer term priority should be given to actions exposing the role that British investment plays in Southern Africa and calling for its withdrawal. Representatives stressed the importance of relating thework done by AA groups to the local community and it was suggested that they should discover what companies with factories in their about the Soweto shootings and the current situation in South Africa. - On May 12 the:Group held a meeting on Zimbabwe which dis-. cussed the work being done by ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action) to sand meqlcal supplies to refugees from Zimbaebwe. Barnet BARNET Anti-Apartheid Group held a fund-raising social on April 16 at which around £125 was raised for the Anti-Apartheid Movement. It was attended by over 100 people who listened to songs from the'ANC Mayibuye group. On May 17 the Grouphelda meeting on Zimbabwe at which the speake' vas Reg Austin. It isalso planning a public meeting on June 14 to mark the anniversary of the police shooting of demonstrators in Soweto on June 16 last year. Further details: Frank di, tel 903 4921. West, London WEST I.ondon Anti-Apartheid Group held a public meeting on Zimbabwe at Westway Luncheon Club, Ladbroke Grove, on May 12, The speakers were Chemist Fiziea, UK Secretary of ZAPU, and Jeremy Srickhill, speaking on behalf of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. ment. The Group is planning to hold a fund-raising cheese and wine party at the WMA Hrall, Westbourne Park Road, on June 18. Italso mans a monthly stall on Portobello Road market on the last Saturday of every month. Helpers and saleable goods needed. Contact: Peter Jones, 92A -Heather Park Drive, Wembley, Middx. Tel 902 2117. Norwich NORWICH and Norfolk AntiApartheid Group is holding a film show on June 16at City Library, Norwich, to mark the first anniversary of the Soweto shootings. The films shown will be "South Africa: There is No Crisis" and "Last Grave at Dimbaza". The.Group's annual general areas had links with Southern Africa. It was also denided that more work should be done in oposition to Britih economic links with illegally occupied Namibia end in support of SWAPO (South Wt Africa People's Orgenisation of Namibia). The organisation of boycott ,campaigns against South African fruit and other products was discussed, and it was agreed that more should be done on this. It we also suggested that more groups could !adopt individual political prisoners and campaign ,or their release. It was agreed that it was important for local groups to form links with local trade union branches and other labour movement organisationsand work to involve them in anti-apartheid campaigns, meeting will take place at Norwich Labour Club at 8 pm on Wednesday June 22. On May 10 Norwich AA held a public meeting on Namibia and Zimbabwe in Suckling Hall, St Anidrews Street, at which the speakers were Barbara Rogers of the Namibia Support Committee and a representative of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front. Contact: Norwich and Norfolk AA Group, 169 College Rd, Norwich. BCC THE British Councitof Churches urged the British Government to propose that the UN arms embargo against South Africa be made mandatory, at its Assembly at the end of April. A resolution passed by theAssembly asked the Government to improve in effectiveness the existing British arms ban and not to "collaborate militarily in any way with the South African Government". Lampeter THE governing body of St David's University College, Lampeter, has adopted a policy 8f refusing to invest in companies with a significant involvement in South Africa. At a meeting in April, the Executive Committee of the College's Council voted to avoid companies with South African interests that were "material in relation to their overall activities" Oppenheimer HARRY Oppenheimer, boss of Anglo American, the South African industrial giant, was greeted with a barrage of press silence when he delivered a prestige lecture to leading British industrialists in London last month - with the exception Qf one article which pointed out that Oppenheimer did not believe in the principle of one man one vote His talk, over lunch in Westminster, was arranged by the Industrial Sobiety, a body whose aim is to prolote industrial harmony. His talk came just a week before. the publication of a report of conditions on Anglo American Corporation mines, which was described by The Times as "a chronicle of degradation and humiliation". and there wee an extensive discus-; sion about wys of doing this. Several new ways of rising funds were proposed - both to finance local groups' own activities and the AAM office. It was generally felt that there was a need to circulate more information about events and policies towards Southern Africa aid to keep a close liaison between the AAM Executive and National Committees and local antiapartheid groups. A further local groups meeting will be held later this year - poetbly over s weekend end again using a pooled fare system. Further information: Yvonne Strechan, AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London Wl P 2D. Tel 1-580 5311. You the Jury THE BBC radio programme "You" the Jury" voted to support the World Council of Churches grants to liberation movements on May 12. Voting by the lOO-strong studio j.ury swung in' favoir of the grants after participanls had heard a case put by Pauline Webb, an executive member of the WCC, Baptist Church leader Dr Ernest Paine, and Zimbabwean Ignatius Chigwendere., The case wes opposed by a team led by Lord Chalfonrt. WHO report A LABOUR MP, Frank Hooley, has asked Foreign Secretary David Owen to take action on the recent report by the World Health Organisation on the treatment of mentally ill blacks in South Africa (May AA NEWS). The report alleges that most African mental patients are held against their will in camps run by private profit-making companies, which receive big subsidies from the South African Government. In a letter to the Foreign Secretary, Frank Hooley says that the charges in the WHO report, if borne oUt, would constitute violations of the UN Charter and the 1957 Supplementary Slavery Convention. IDAF Meeting THE International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa held its annual conference in Geneva, May 6- 8. at the invitation of its Swiss affiliate, the Commission de Parrainage Scolaire. Representatives were present from the Fund's national committees in six countries, Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the US, and reports were received, in addition, from affiliates in Australia and New Zealared. Canon L JohnCollins was re-elected as the Fund's President. and Mr Kader Asmal (Ireland), Dean Gunner Helander (Sweden) and MrGilbert Rlst (Switzerland), as Vic-PresidentsA I , . I i , ( ) -CPC Africa Day THE Christian Peace Cooference, an international smenifcal body involving churches in the West, in the socialist countries and in the third world, asked member churches and international Christien organisations to observe Africa Sunday on May 22, In a letter to member organisations, the CPCs Secretary General. Dr Karoly Toth, welcomed the independence of Angola and Mozambique and said that the moment for "revolutionary transformation" in Southern Africa was ripe. Portugal Conference JIN June over 500 delegates repreIsenting organisations from all over ,the world will essemble in Lisbon ;for the first ever World Confer-, ,ence Against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism in Southern Africa. " Delegates will discuss a wide range of subjects, concentrating especially on economic, military and other forms of Western collaboration with the minority regimes in Southern Africa. Participating organisations will include political parties, solidarity groups, youth organisations and major international bodies. In Portugal a committee which includes academics, churchmen, lawyers and other diftinguished national figures has taken on the task of preparing for the conference. Major support for the meeting is coming from the African National Congress of South Africa. SWAPO and ZAPU. Ireland Freedom Fair IRISH Anti-Apartheid Movement held a public meeting on Zimbabwe in Dublin on Wednesday May 25, at whichthe main speaker was the Zimbabwe African People's Union representative ini Europe, Arthur Chadzin vws Among the other speakers were-Barry Desmond TO, Michael O'Kennedy TD and Rafick Mottiar. The Movement received a telegram of congratulations from the UN Committee Against Apartheid Chairman, Leslie Harriman, following its demonstration last February against European countries wich continue to supply arms and8 equipment to the South African army and police. At its Freedom Fair in Dublin on April 2, Irish AAM raised over £2000 which it has sent to the African National Congress for the jjefuLges from Soweto. TIrhe Fair was visited by over 800 people in the course of six hours, The Movement has written to the Irish Lawn Tennis Association requesting-that they withdraw from the Women's Federation Cup Tournament to be held at Eastbourne in June, if South Africa participates. Contact: Irish AAM, 20 Beechpark Road, Foxrock, Co Dublin.. Tel Dubtlie 5 ' 890;3,6, t

'Get rid of apartheid -aim of sports boycott THE jargon of apertheid selection teams which come to exist. sportisbecomingmore Britain,eveniftheyareall Byusingtermslikemeritselec. complicated - but the reality Coloured, African or Asian. are as tion, all Koornhof and comspany*. behind it is the same. A lead, much a "racial" team as if they had want is to talk about the composi. ing Sports Correspondent been all white. Andlike more tionof teams goingabroad. But arguesthataslong manifestly racially-selected teams opponents of herrenvolk philoso. raserthatilon s tere is they must beboycotted and Oi~ies want to smash apartheid. racialsegregationinSouth opposed. Twodifferentthings. African sport and in'all the' The worldwide campaign isto There is, of course, one excepother aspectsofSouth getridofapartheid,hottoproduce tion - teams chosen by the African life, so long must the a black and white minstrel show for genuinely non-racial bodies in " sports boycott be kept up. South African sportsmen going South Africa. Of course, they 3THEjargonofapartheid,constaotly abroad, don'tgetpermitstogoabroad, being revised by South African It wouldn't matter a lot if the unlike the smokescreen "mixed" 4 sports minister Koornhof and his Springboks were all-white, even all teams which, somehow, are allowed : cronies, is intended to confuse and , if apartheid did not out of South Africa because it suits divideopponentsofracism, governmentpolicyofthemoment.. UUt of toe propaganda machine have come such phrases as "multiracial" or multi-nationai" and, newest of all, "merit selection". Ruigby boss, Danie Craven, I think, was the first to use the expression - to indicate to the outside world' that things have changed, that nonwhites will be chosen, like nonblacks, on sporting merit alone, And that skin colour does not come into it. But it does - for the apparatus of racial segregation in sport, and In all aspects of South African life, remains. True it has been weakened by the boycott, but it is still there. While it remains, so must the boycott. And any of these-merit- 'Racialists keep out' SA sportsmen MAY was a bad month for white South African sportsmen. AS well as the withdrawat of the invitation to the South Afriaas to participate in the Woman's World Bowls Championshipa in Britain 0 the Denmark Gymnastic Association withdrew an invitation to South African gymnasts to take part in a gymnastics competition in - Denmark * South Afria's women cricketers were not invited told to participate in the Woman's World Crickat Championhips in India * the Columbian Government refused via to South Africa's women golfers for an international tournament in Columbia' 0 the Australian Government refused viam to the South African team for the World Archery Championship in Australia. REMEMBER SOWETO MARCH AND RALLY SATURDAY JUNE18 Assemble: Speakers Corner Hyde Park 1 pin. March to Bull Ring TebelloMotopanyane, former Secretary General =.ep ipman, President Elect NUS South African Student Movement (SASM) - H w President NUSS Nkosazana Diamini, former Vice President South GHI, Secretary-General AUEW (TASS) African Students Organisation (SASO) Chairman: Charles Clarke, President NUS, Organised by NUS, 3 Endslegh St, London WC1. Tel 0t-387 1277 T THURSDAY JUNE 16 1 -2 pm South Africa House, Trafalgar Square and South African Airways, Oxford Circus Organised by Anti- Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte Street London WlP 2D Tel 01-580 5311 PUBLIC MEETING THURSDAY JUNE 16 8pm "Soweto - A Year Later" Africa Centre, 38 King St, London WC2 Speaker: Nkosazana Dlsmini former Vice President SASO IDAF slidehosw "Soweto and the Uprisings of 1976 In South Africa" Admission 40p; students 2op THURSDAY JUNE 16 12 --2 pm South African Consulate V G L 69StGeorgiesPlace,GlsgoW¢ Organised by Glasgow AAM, c/o 19 Rupert St, Glasgow G4 Tel 4133 4946 (day), 041-332 0238 (evenings) lal sports events