3936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 6,
-2117. By 1\Ir. 1\TEWTON of Minnesota: Petition of the Wallace The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. WALSH] and the Sena K Chute Post of the American Legionl opposed to soldiers' bonus tor frO!Jl Delaware [l\fr. \VoLcOTT] are absent on public busi being brought up this year, etc.; to the Committee on Ways and ness. 1\Ieans. . The Senator from Arizona [l\Ir... ~sHuRST], the Senator from 2118: By Mr. O'CON~'"ELL: Petition of the National Indus Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR], the Senator from Mississippi [1\Ir. trial Conference Board of-Boston, Mass., asking for the Federal HARRISON], the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. SIMMONs], tax commission to examine the present i_nternal-revenue laws, the Senator from Alabama [Mr. UNDERwooD], and the S::!.nator etc. ;- to the Committee on Ways and Means. from California 1:1\Ir. PHELAN] are detained from the Senste on 2119. Also, petition of the Grasselli Chemical Co., of New official business. · York, urging the adoption of measures to help the country's The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sixty-six Sena_tors have an foreign commerce; to the ·committee on Interstate and Foreign swered to their names. There is a quorum present. Commerce. ADDITIONAL PATENT OFFICE EMPLOYEES (S. DOC. NO. 24ti). 2120. Also. petition of tile National Organization for Public Health Nursing of New York City, relative to certain provisions The PRESIDENT pro tempore, as in legislative session, laid in the Army reorganization bill-; to the Committee on Military before the Senate a communication from the Secretary of the Affairs. · Treasury, transmitting a letter from the Secretary of the 2121. By Mr. ROWAN: Petition of citizens of the city of New Interior, · submitting a supplemental estimate of appropriation York, urging the pas age of the bill to give relief to the starving in the sum of $39,700 required by the Patent Office for addi people of Europe, etc. ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. tional employees for the fiscal year 1920, which, with the ac 2122. Also, petition of the board of directors of the Dried Fruit companying paper, was referred to the Committee on Appropria Association of New York, indorsing the Calder bill regarding tions and ordered to be printed. the national food and drug act; to the Committee on Interstate TRAINING OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES (S. DOC: NO. 246). and Foreign Commerce. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com 2123. .Also, petition of the Merchants' Association of New York munication from the Chief of the United States Bureau of City, relative to certuin provisions in the Army reorganization Efficiency, transmitting, in response to a resolution of January bill, etc.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 7, 1920, a report on the advisability of establishing a tr·aining 2124. .Also, petition of the H. H. Jennings Co., of New York school for Federal employees in the DistTict of Columbia, City~ relative to the channel at Absecon Inlet, etc.; to the Com which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Com mittee on Ri'vers and Harbors. mittee on Finance and ordered to be printed. 2125. Also, petition of the National Jewelers' Board of Trade, MESSAGE FROM ~HE HOUSE. of New York City, urging the passage of House bill 11980; to A message from the House of Representatives. by D. K. the Committee on \Vays and Means. Hempstead, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House hall 2126. Also, petition of the National Conservation Association, passed the following bill and joint resolution, in which it re of w·ashington, D. C., relative to the water-power bill, House quested the concurrence of the Senate: bill 3184; to the Committee on Water Power. H. R.l1984. An act to inc~ease the force and salaries in the 2127. Also, petition of Joseph B. Thomas, treasurer _of the Patent Office, and for other purposes; and Cornucopia Mines Co., of Oregon, regarding the gold in the H. J. Res. 305. Joint resolution to amend a certain paragraph United States; to the Committee on Mines and Mining. 1 of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the cur 2128. By l\Ir. SINCLAIR: Petition of Newburg Branch Club, rent and contingent expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affair!';, No. 63, \Vomen's Auxuliary, Newburg, N.Dak., protesting against for fulfilling treaty stipulations 'vith various Indian tribe., universal military training; to the Committee on Military Affairs. and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2129. Also, petition of Newburg Branch Club, No. 63, Women's 1921," approved February 14, 1920. Auxiliary, Newburg, N. Dak., opposing passage of the sedition bills; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED. 2130. By l\Ir. STEENERSO~: Petition of citizens and ex The message also announcetl that the Speaker of the Honse soldiers of Shelly, Norman County, Minn., favoring a bonus of had signed the following enrolled bills and joint resolution, $50 for each month of service rendered ; to the Committee on and they were theqmpon signed by the President pro temvore: \Vays and Means. · H. R. 11756. An act to extend the time for the construction , - 2131. Bv Mr. TINKHAM : Petition of the George S. Shepherd of a bridge across the Connecticut River between Springfield Post, No.7, Department of Massachusetts, relative to the bonus and West Springfield. in Hampden County, 1\Iass.; for ex-service men and women; to the Committee on Ways and H. R.12160. An act authorizing the construction of a bridge l\leans. and approaches tb.ereto across Red River at a point a little 2132. By Mr. \VARD: Resolution adopted by the Board of east of north of Nocona, in Montagt:e County, Tex.; and Aldermen of Kingston, N. Y.,· favo1ing continuance of Lever S. J. Re . 156. A joint resolution authorizing the Secretary food and fuel control act; to the Committee on Agriculture. - of War to bring back on Army transports from Danzig, Poland, residents of the United States of Polish origin who were engaged in the war on the side of the allied and associated SENATE. powers. PETITIONS AND MEMORIAI:S. SATUnDAY, 111 arch 6, 1920. Mr. KNOX. As in legislati"ve session, I present a re-solution (Legislatire day of lVednesday, March 3, 1920.) adopted by the City Council of Philadelphia, Pa., which I usk to have inserted in the RECORD. The Senate met in open executive session at 12 o'clock noon, There being no objection, the resolution was ordered to be on the expiration of the recess. printed in the RECORD and to lie on the table, as follows: • 1\.fr. CURTIS. 1\lr. President, I suggest the ab ence of a CLERK'S OFFICE; CITY COUNCIL, quorum. Philadelphia, March 8, 1920. The PRESIDEXT pro tempore. . The Secretary will call the Hon. PHILANDER C. KNOX, - roll. United States Senator. Sm: This is to certify that the following is a true and correct copy The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to of the original resolution passed by the. city council on the 2d day of their names : March, 1920 : · • Beckham Glass Lenroot Smith, Ga. Resolution for the restoration of mail-tube service. Borah Gore Lodge Smith, !ld. Brandegee Gronna 1\lcLean Smith, S.C. "Whereas the pneumatic tube service, which represents the be~inning Calder Hale ::ucNary Smoot of this rea practical reform, had its origin in this city unaer the Capper Harris 1\Ioses Spencer inspiration of our first citizen, John Wanamal{er, and has demon Chamberlain Henderson l\Iyers strated its usefulness by more than 20 years' actual daily service Sterling to the satisfaction of its patrons and the public in general; and Colt Ilitchcock Nelson Sutherland " Wherea.s its arbitrary, indefensible abolition last year caused great Culberson Johnson, S. Dak. New 'l'homas hardship and inconvenience to all elements of our population, arous ummins Jones, N. Mex. Not·rls Townsend ing a spirit of indignant protest, particulai·Iy throughout the busi Curtis Jones, ·wash. Nugent 'l'rammell ness community, where thE.' loss entailed is very severe: Therefore Dial Kellog~ Overman Wadsworth Dillingham Kendnck Phipps Walsh, Mont. be it ' Fletcb..er Kenyon Pittman, Warren "Resolved That the council of the city of Philadelphia, reiterating the France Keyes Poindexter Watson position on 'this subject expressed again and again heretofore by our Frelingbuyscn King Ransdell Williams municipal government, requests the immediate restoration of the pneu Gay Kirby ~heppard matic mail tubes, as set forth in House bill No. 11634; and be it Gerry Knox Sherman "Resotved, That this body go on record as indorsing most emphatica11y House concurrent resolution Nl1. 44, now before the SPnate Po~t Offi.ce Mr. GERRY. The Renator from Virginia [Mr. SWANSON] is Committee, for the presen-ation of this p1·operty pending furtlier con - detained by illnes in hi..;; fnmily. gressional action in the matter; and be it also 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3937
"Resolved, That council favors the creation by Congress of a compe referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and or.; tent commission for the investigation of the whole question of mail trans portation, especially in great cities, and of the Post Office Department dered to be printed. as well." ' Mr. CALDER submitted an amendment providing that here Attest: WM. H. '!J'ELTON, . after every day set aside by a State to be observed as a holiday Clerk of Otty Oouttcd. the:cein in addition to the holidays now prescribed by law for the Mr. CAPPER presented a resolution adopted at a convention Postal Service shall be a holiday within the provisions of law for of veterans of the World War, held at Columbus, Kans., favor the employees of the Postal Se.r:vice within such States, etc., in ing legislation providing for a bonus for ex-service men, which tended to be proposed by him to the Post Office appropriation was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. bill, which was ordered to lie on the table and be printed. He also presented a memorial of the Photo-En.gravers' Union He also submitted an amendment providing for the repeal of No. 41, of Topeka, Kans., remonstrating against the passage of the requirement in section 4 of the act of June 29, 1906, relative the so-called Sterling-Graham sedition bill, which was referred to the filing of a certificate of arrival from the Department of to the Committee -on i:he Judiciary. Labor with the clerk· of. the court at the time of the filing of He also presented memorials of sundry· citizens of Overbrook, petition for naturalization, intended to be proposed by him to the Elkhart Beloit, Hardner, Little River, Abbeyville, and Oakhill, legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill, wh:ich was all in the State of Kansas, and of_sm;ulry citizens of Elk City, referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be Okla. ; Granger, Mo. ; and Guide Rock, Nebr., remonstrating printed. · against compulsory military trl"!-ining, which were ordered to RIVER AND HARBOR APPROPRIATIONS. lie on the table. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. CALDER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the rivers and 'harbors appropriation bill, which was Bills were intr6duced, read the first time, and, by unanimous referred to the Committee on Commerce and ordered to be consent, the second time, and referred as follows: printed. By Mr. CALDER: A bill (S. 4020) grantiflg an increase of pension to Susan W. POSSESSIONS OF GREECE. Allison; to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. LODGE submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. 324), By Mr. GORE: ,...-hich was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations: A bill (S . .4021) to provide for the .acquisition of a site and Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that Northern Epirus (in the erection thereon of a public building at Cordell, Okla. ; cluding Corytza), the Twelve Islands of the lEgean, and the western A bill ( S. 4022) to provide for the acquisition of a site and coast of Asia Minor, where a strong Greek population predominates, the erection thereon of a public building at Elk City, Okla: ; and should be awarded by the peace conference to Greece and become 1n corporated i~ -the Kingd_om of Greece. A bill ( S. 4023) to provide for the acquisition of a site and the erection thereon of a public building at Clinton, Okla. ; to DEVELOP::!.~T OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES. the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 1\Ir. FLETCHER. Mr. President, I now renew the reque. t I By Mr. WADSWORTH: made the other day for unanimous consent, and I am ·sure it A bill (S. 4024) to provide for the reimbursement of act~al will cause no discussion whatever. All the parties who are in expenses to officers of the Army, contract surgeons, and dental terested in the matter have agreed to it. I move that the Com surgeons when traveling on duty without troops within the mittee on Banking and Currency be discharged from the further T(:!ITitory of Alaska ; and consideration of the bill ( S. 3942) to encourage the development A bill ( S. 4025) for the relief of disbursing offic~rs of the of the agricultural resources of the United States through Feu United States Army; to the Committee on Military Affairs. era! and State cooperation, giving preference in the matter of By Mr. SPENCER: • . employment and the establishment of rural homes to those who A bill (S. 4026) granting an increase of pension to James have served with the military and naval forces, and that it be re M. Millirons (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee ferred to the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid on Pensions. Lands. By Mr. GRONNA (for Mr. McCUMBER): l\fr. McLEA.l~. 1\Ir. President, I wish to say that the Com A hill (S. 4027) to enable the Commissioner of Internal Reve mittee on Banking and Currency has no disposition to escape nue to simplify the regulations under which exported property any responsibility which properly belongs to it, neither has it any is exempt from the transportation tax, and to prevent discrimi disposition to encroach upon the jurisdidion of other committees. nation against agricultural and other commodities transported This bill was referred to our committee and we began hearings to a P~ort or pla-ce of export to supply foreign requirements ; to upon it. It was soon suggested that the bill ought not to be the Committee on Finance. considered by our committee, because it had nothing to do with SHORT-TBIE RURAL CREDITS. banking and currency, and that a similar bill which was intro Mr. GORE. Mr. President, as in legislative session, I give duced in the House had been referred to the Committee on Ways notice of an amendment which I intend to offer to the regular and Means. The bill does involve a large issue of Government Agricultural appropriation bill. I ask that it be printed and nontaxable bonds, and it was my view that it ought to go to tlle referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Committee on Finance of the Senate. The author of the bill is There being no objection, the amendment was ordered to be anxious to have it referred to the Committee on Irrigation and printed and referred to the Committee on Agriculture and For Reclamation of Arid Lands, and if it is believed that it should estry and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: go there, it is immaterial to me, and I have no objection to the SEc. -. That there is hereby constituted a joint committee of the reference suggested by the Senator from Florida. Senate and House of Representatives, to consist of the chairman of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Florida asks Henate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, the chairman of the unanimous consent to move, as in legislative session, that the House . Comm~ttee on Agriculture, and the chairmen of the Committees on Banking and Currency of the two Houses, and two other members of Committee on Banking and Currency be discharged from the each of said committees, to be designated by the chairmen of the respec further consideration of Senate bill 3942 and that it be referred tive committees, and it shall be the duty of said joint committee to to the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of .Arid Lands. investigate and report at as early a date as may be as to the practica bility of establishing a system of short-time rural credits in the United Is there objection to the request of the Senator from Florida? States and to recommend such legislation as may be deemed practicable Mr. SMOOT. 1\lr. President, I simply wish to make a shbrt and desirable to that end. The said committee is hereby authorized to reply. I am. not going to object to the request of the Senator bold meetings either during or between sessions. The sum of $15,000 is hereby appropriated, the same to be immediately from Florida. As I stated before, I think the bill should g0 available, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, either to the Committee on Finance or to the Committee on to defray all necessary expenses of said joint committee, who shall be Public Lands. The proper committee, in my opinion, is the selected by the committee. Committee on Public Lands; but the chairman of the Com AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. mittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands claims that ~Ir. CUMMINS (Mr. GRONNA in the chair) submitted an similar bills have been referred to the Irrigation arid Recla amendment proposing to appropriate $1,800 for salary to Alanson mation Committee, and he desires to have this bill go to that D. Gaston, a Senate messenger, etc., intended to be proposed by committee.. I have no objection to it whatever, but I think I him to .the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation ought to take this occasion to say that, as far as I am person bill, which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations and ally concerned, I can not support any kind of a proposition to ordered to be printed. exempt bonds for irrigation purposes or any other purpose from Mr. RANSDELL submitted an amendment proposing to appro Federal taxation, and this bill involves that question. . priate $102,300 for investigations of the best methods of ro·ad l\Ir. FLETCHER. That is a· matter for the committee and making, especially ordinary sand-clay, clay, and dirt roads, and for the Senate to determine. the best kind of l'oad-making materials, etc., intended to be pro The PRESIDENT pro tempore. s there objection to the re posed by him to the Agricultural appropriation bill, which was quest of the Senator from Florida? The Chair hears none.
LIX--248 I
3938 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SE~.J.~TE. 1\fARCH 6;
The Senato-r from Florida moves that the Committee on Bank If Miss Lathrop is paying her on-'ll exi;>enses and the writer ing and Currency be discharged from the further co-nsideration was mistaken, well and good ;. I have not a wo-rd to say if she of Senate bill 3042 and that it be referred to the Committee on can be spared from her work in this country. If I can do any· Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. thing in the future to stop this practice by calling the attention The motion was agreed to. of the Senate and of the country to junketing trips, I am going to do it, irrespective of whether it pleases any Senator or MISS JULIA LATHRop's TRIP TO EUROPE. whether it pleases any favored employee of the Government. 1\ir. KENYON. Mr. President, I think it does not require. I am greatly delighted to hear the Senator make the explana· very much courage on the part of Members of the Senate to tion that l\Iiss Lathrop is not going abroad at the expense of the attack on the floor people upon the outside, even when they Government. l\Iy information was otherwise. If the Senator attack men. I think it requires a less degree of courage when desires to see the letter from which I quoted, I am perfectly they attack women. · , willing to show it to him. l\Iiss Lathrop is employed to look On yesterday the Senator from Utah [lli. SMOOT]~ who here after the welfare of American children, and I am in favo-r of tofore has been very careful about putting into the RECORD such work. letters from people, placed in the RECoRD a letter which was. a lUr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, the Senator from Iowa has covert attack, if not an open one, upon the head of the C~il refen·ed to a question which • asked the Senator from Utah when dren's Bureau, who is doing such good work . for humanrty. he was making his statement on yesterday. I think I have been The Senator from Utah said: for• 18 years consistently oppo-sed to the establishment of new I call attention to this-- bureaus and new departments. I have taken that position in the That is, her trip to Czechoslovakia- interest of the economical administration of the affairs of the because I believe that ali such junketing trips should cease. Government. I have co-ntended that the Children's Bureau might Further be said : be carried on and that its good work might be conducted without I have been trying to find out from what appropriation the moneys the establishment of a new bureau. It was originally stated on are spent for• this purpose, but so far I am uninformed. the floor here that the establishment ·of this bureau would not It would have been better if the Senator had informed him cost to exceed $25,000 per annum. I then contended that it self before makin~ the attack on this lady. The facts should would cost much more, and it is now costing the Government go in the RECORD. If there is no one else to speak for her, I over $400,000 a year~ taking the course of all other similar will. bureaus after their establishment. The Senator from Iowa has The Czecho-Slovak Republic asked the State Department to always stood here with me in the interest of economy. permit Miss Lathrop to come to- _that country and ass~t them In asking ·the question of the Senator from Utah I merely in the problems affecting the children of that struggling new desired to illustrate my idea, that when such bureaus are estab nation. She has done a great work in this country in the lished, although it is stated upon the floor of the Senate that Children's Bureau, and instead of the Government paying any they will cost but little money, they invariably cost about one part of this expense she pays it out of her own pocket. The hundred times more than it is contended. in the :first instance that Acting Secretary of State requested the Secretary of Labor to they will cost. I repeat it was stated on the floor that the Chil excuse her from her work for a. brief period, not exceeding, I dren's Bureau would not C(}St to exceed $25,000 per annum, and think, 90 days. . yet we are now appropriating nearly $400,000 annually for its Mr. President, I notice that the Senator from North Carolina expenses. I merely wished to show that I was right in my con [Mr. OVERMAN] also referred to the matter, and referred to tention that it would cost over $25,000. this bureau as one wh~h was to cost but $25,000 per annum. I 1\fr. KENYON. I do not think the Senator means to state have observed that generally when the Children's Bureau is that I stood with him in his fight against the appropriation for here for appropriations there are certain Senators who have the Children's Bureau. endeavored to cripple its work~ though I do not find when they Mr. OVERMAN. No. come to voting on questions of eradicating the boll weevil or 1\fr. KENYON. I never thought it was proper economy to studying the diseases of plants or eradicating the cattle tick economize on little children. that there is much said against such bureaus or such ap Mr. OVERMAN. The Senator fr(}m Iowa, I am aware, is very propriations~ I can not understar;td it. I know we are living in much interested in this matter, but I contended: that the work a reactionary age. I know that when some candidates fo~· the could be done in the department then existing rather than estab Presidency now are asked to give their political views on ques lishing a new bureau; that was my idea in the first instance, tions they point with pride to the platforms of 1861 and 1865 and I believe n0w it is correct I believe thn t if we had carried and 1869 for their views, and I know among that kind of poli on this work originally through :Miss Lathrop or some other good ticians there is a tendency to regard such instituti I • 19~0. OONGI{ESSIONAL REGORD-- SENATE. 3939" in tile United StnteR. I can find children in 'Vashington needing . I am adhering to my original idea when I say that there is the research worl?;: of this department and its civilizing influ a great· deal of work of this character to be performed here ences ns much as do the children in Czechosl•:>'lukia or tn the at borne. She was appointed for that purpose, not to resign interior of Poland. . or cease to draw her salary and -go abroad to take care of the Yesterday I talked with a newspaper man just returned from children of other countries, but for the express purpose of 'Varsaw, Poland. More than a million children require help in taking care of the children in this country. So I think that Poland if they are to be restored to health or to a reasonable the criticism of the Senator from Utah-not making any objec prospect of reaching years of maturity. tion to the defense, if any defense is necessary, by the junior The effort to improve their condition is to be made as a sepa Senator from Iowa-is properly ·offered, not as directed against rate matter; it has no connection with the child-welfare work of Mi s Lath.rop but as against her superior officers who ~ailed the Children's Bureau of the United States, for which 1\Iiss upon her to go abroad. Lathrop has been appointed, and out of the appropriation for which she is paid. I regard expenditures outside of the United INDIAN APPROPRIATIONS. State as a perversion of the appropriation. I do not think Miss H. J. Res. 305. Joint resolution to amend a certain para Lathrop on her own motion has taken this step. I think author graph of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for ity has been given her on a suggestion coming from some other the current and contingent expenses of the Bureau of Indian quarter, probably from a higher source. Affairs, for fulfilling treaty stipulations with various Indian l\Ir. KENYON. Mr. President-- tribes, and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending June The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from illi 30, 1921," approT"ed February 14, 1920, was read twice by nois yield to the Senator from Iowa? its title. l\fr. SHERMAN. I yield. 1\lr. CURTIS. I ask unanimous consent for the immediate l\1r. KENYON. Was the Senator from Illinois present when I consideration of t11e joint resolution. It simply changes the stated that the State Department had requested this of the figure "20" to "21," in the Indian appropriation bill, for one Secretary of Labor? The request came from the Czechoslovakian ·item in regard to Oklahoma. · Govemment to the State Department. • The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Knnsas Mr. SHERMAN. I was not present \Yhen the Senator from asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of House Iowa made that statement. joint resolution 305, which will be read. l\lr. KENYON. And the State Department, in turn, requested the The joint resolution was read, as follows: Secretary of Labor to allow Miss Lathrop to go to that country. Resol,;cd, etc., That the fifth paragraph of section 18 of the act · entitled "An act making appropriations for the current and contingent 1\Ir. SHERMAN. I regard that as aggravating the offense, expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, for fulfilling treaty stipula because I regard it as an offense against the appropriating tions with various Indian tribes, and for other purposes. for the fiscal power of Congress and as a departure from the purposes ex year ending June 30, 1921," approved February 14, 1920, which r<'ads as follows : " The sum of $200,000, to be expended in the discretion pre ~ sed by Congress in creating this bureau. I do not criticize of the Secretary, of the Interior, under rules and regulations to be the motive, but I do criticize the action taken on the ground prescribed by him, in aid of the common schools in . the Cherokee, that, under the power given Congress, the appropriation was Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole Nations and the Quapaw Agency in Oklahoma, during the fiscal year endln~ June 30, l !l20: limited to the welfare of chtldren in the United States and was Pro,;ided, That this appropriation shall not be subject to the limita not to be expended ·tor the purpose of trips abroad. tion in section 1 of the act of May 25, 1918 ( 40 Stat., p. 564), limiting l\lr. KENYON. Does the Senator object to that because he the expenditure of money to educate children of less than one-foUL'th will Indian blood," be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read: thinks Miss Lathrop be drawing her alary during the time " The sum of $200,000, to be expended in the discretion of the she is absent? Secreta1-y of the Interior, under rules and regulations to be presct·ibed 1\lr. SHERMAN. Not necessarily. by him, in aid of the common schools in the Cherokee, Creek, Choc taw, Chickasaw, and Seminole Nations and the Quapaw Agency in Mr. KENYON. She pays her own expenses. She will be ab Oklahoma, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921 : Pt·o1:iclerl, sent from the country, that is true; but the President of the That this appropriation shall not be subject to 1:.he limitation in sec United States wns absent from the country. Did the Senator tion 1 of the act of May 25, 1918 ( 40 Stat., p. 564), limiting the !'x penditure of money to educate children of less than one-fourth Indian from Illinois ever object to that? IJlood." l\fr. SHERMAN. That is what I understood; and from the unfriendly comments from the various Democratic and inde The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to tit~ pendent editors of the country, I understood they objected to present consideration of the joint resolution? the comments I made up(ln that question. So I regard myself as There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of peculiarly fitted for criticism of this kind. the Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. l\fr. KENYON. I was simply trying to divert the Senator's The joint resolution was reported to the Sennte witlwut mind from this particular subject. amendment, ordered to a (bird reading, read tl1e third time, l\lr. SHEHl\lAl~. I do not want to take further time; but I and passed. repeat it is a perversion of the appropriation. It ought not to HOUSE BILL REFERRED. be tolerated. It is another instance of bureaucratic perversion H. R. 11984. An act to increase the force and salaries in the of power, as frequently happens when once an appropriation is Patent Office, and for other purposes, was read twice by its given to a department under a blanket item. title and referred to the Committee on Patents. i.\lr. KENYON. Mr. President, if Miss Lathrop receives no salary and pays her own expenses, then, it will not be a per TREATY OF PEACE WITH GERMANY. yersion of the funds. The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole and in open execu Mr. SHERl\IAN. She was not appointed for that purpose, tive session, resumed the consideration of the treaty of })eace to abuicate her functions and go abroad. If she wants to with Germany. resign and get off the pay roll and go over to serve the children 'l' he PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will state the in Czechoslovakia or any other European country, I ha...-e no pending reservation, which is reservation No. 9. objection to that. The Reading Clerk read as follows : l\lr. KENYON. If he is receiving no salary during this time, 9. The I"nited States shall not be obligated to contribute to any the Senator would have no objection to that, would he? expenses of the League of Nations, or of the secretariat, or of any commission, or committee, or conference, or other agency, organized l\1r. SHERMAN. I would. She is either a Federal office undpr the League of Nations or under the treaty or foL· the PUl"pose of J.loluer or she is not. If she is a Federal officeholder ana ap carrying out the treaty provisions, unless and until an appropriation of pointed as the head of this bureau, then she ought to stay funds available for such expenses shall have been made by the Con~res until or unless the Congress shall in due time make the. appro Mr. HIT(IfiCOCK. We will vote for them aguin this year. priation. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I wish the Senator would name l\fr, KELLOGG. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? some of those commissions. I recall, as a member of the com The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Ne mittee at the last session of Congress having charge of the bill, braska yield to the Senator from Minnesota? that we eliminated the commissions not auth01ized by treaty Mr. HITCHCOCK. I yield. and one or two which were authorized by treaties. Two or Mr. KELLOGG. As I recollect, all the expenses of the labor three were restored because the conferees upon the part of the conference and of the international bureaus are to be paid as House insisted upon these going back, but we were able to keep expenses of the office of the secretariat, and, if I remember cor some of them out, and I should like to know those which are rectly, the Senator from Colorado [Mr. THOMAS] estimated now in existence, if the Senator will name them. that the labor commission alone would cost many million dol 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. I wish to ask the Senator from Kansas lars. For that reason, it seems quite proper that Congress if he knows anything about the Canadian Waterways Commis should make the appropriation before we are bound. sion, and what services those commis ioners rendered last year? Mr. HITCHCOCK. l\fr. President, there is a separate reser 1\lr. CURTIS. Personally I know nothing about the services they rendered last year. .. ,- vation, which I pre ume will be adopted, which refuses to incur any obligation on · our part under the labor clauses, even if 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. The Senator knows that there are a num what the Senator says is correct, that they will involve large ber of ex-Senators upon that commission. expenditures of money. Mr. CURTIS. No; I do not. I know there is one ex-Senator 1\fr. KELLOGG. Mr. President, just a moment, if the Sena upon it. tor will pardon me-- Mr. HITC:ij:COCK. There are a number. 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. But this reservation is so sweeping that Mr. LODGE. There are two, to be exact. not a dollar of the necessary expenses of the League of Nations Mr. HITCHCOCK. And the Senator ought to know thnt, will be paid by the United States as a definite obligation; we practically speaking, that commission rendered no service what assume not a dollar of obligation for necessary expenses under ever last year. this reservation. Mr. CURTIS. I know that at the last session of Congress the Mr. BORAH. l\lr. President-- committee attempted to eliminate that commi sion, but after a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Ne full and complete hearing they concluded that the commission braska yield to the Serra tor from Idaho 'l were rendering some service. I can not speak for it since that 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. I yield. time. Mr. BORAH. As a mere matter of domestic legislation and Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a government, I do not presume that in any event we could pay a moment? dollar of the expenses referred to until Congress acted, could we? l\fr. HITCHCOCK. I yield to the Senator from Utah. Mr. HITCHCOCK. I think not ; but the reservation wipes Mr. SMOOT. The Senator is right in relation to the appro out the obligation. priations made for these commissions; but I want to say that Mr. BORAH. No. I think it is a superfluity, if I may use the reason why the appropriations have been made in the past, the term. The obligation is there, but we simply write what is and up to the present time, is becau~e the treaties that we have thoroughly understood already; we rewrite what everyone knows made require the appropriations. If those treaties can be set to be true, and that is that we can not get the money out of the aside I assure the Senator that no appropriations will be made Treasury until Congress acts. We could not, if we tried, by for those commissions. treaty change that law; that is the Constitution of the United Mr. HITCHCOCK. ~lr. President, those treaties in most States. This is another one of those reservations which, in my cases require only six months' notice to set them aside. opinion, does not change anything at all. · Mr. SMOOT. Then that notice ought to be given. l\fr. LODGE. Mr. President, if the Senator from Nebraska Mr. IDTCHCOCK. In one case that I have in mind a year's will allow me-- notice is required; but it is not possible to get through the Senate 1\fr. BORAH. I am going to vote for the reservation. of the United States a resolution giving that notice or to insert l\fr. LODGE. I desire to point out to the Senator from Idaho in the appropriation bill a provision for giving that notice. 'Ve what the trouble is. If we do not add this reservation money are appropriating here, year after year, tens of thousands of will be spent, as it was spent at the peace conference, without dollars in the payment of salaries for what are practically any restriction whatever, and if we do not adopt the reservation sinecures, and now the same Senators that are doing that are we shall be told that we are in honor and morally bound to pay, putting in a provision as a reservation to this treaty by which and, of course, will have to make the appropriation. It will be it is proposed that we shall not assume any obligation even for held up to us that we are morally bound to make the appropria the necessary and legitimate expenses of this great international tion, and I want Congress to have some control over these organization. · expenditures. 1\lr. CURTIS, 1\fr. LODGE, and Mr. LENROOT addressed the l\1r. BORAH. I agree with the Senator from Massachusetts . Chair. that Congress ought to have control, but I go further and say The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Ne that Congress has control, and that control can not be taken braska yield; and if so, to whom? a way from Congress. l\fr. HITCHCOCK. I yield to the Senator from Kansas. l\lr. LODGE. I agree to that, but I do not want Congress to Mr. CURTIS. I should like to say to the Senator that, as I be met with the proposition when the appropriations come along stated a moment ago, the subcommitt~ and the full committee that we are morally bound to make them, whatever they may be. and the Senate at the last session of Congress eliminated all of Turn these gentlemen loose, as they were at Paris, with their those commissions that were not provided for by treaty. I un hands in the United States Treasury, and if we are morally derstood that the committee requested the Secretary of State bound to make the appropriations which we are asked to make to give the proper notice to end the treaty obligations so as to we can not ten what they will spend. eliminate some of the commissions that were provided for under l\fr. BORAH. No; and that would be true, I presume, who treaties. · e,-er was there; but, as I remember, those who went to Paris Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, the House at the other end had their appropriations before they went. However, Mr. Presi of the Capitol sent us the Diplomatic and Consular appropria dent, I simply rose to say that, in my opinion, this resolution tion bill without provision for the Canadian 'Vaterways Com does not change anything at all. mission. Mr. HI~CHCOCK. Mr. President, as the Senator from Massa Mr. CURTIS. Not at the last session of Congress. chusetts knows very well, a reservation can be drawn so as Mr. IDTOHCOCK. Well, this year. to limit the obligation of the United States to. certain expendi- Mr. LODGE. l\1r. President, the Senator is mistaken. I know • tures which are absolutely n~cessary arid le~timate; but, it he wants to be correct. The Canadian Waterways Commi ion seems to me, it comes with bad grace from the Senate of the and the Mexican Commission have to be provided for under the United States to insert a repudiation of a legitimate obliga treaties, as the Senator knows. There is a moral obligatiou tion as to necessary expenses, when the whole country knows which we have to fulfill. that the Senate year a:ey:er year has voted, and will vote again The House cut down the appropriation for the Mexican Com this year, in favor of maintaining internationl commissions mission to $5,000. That, of course, would have put the commis which do no work and render no service. In the Consular and sioner and the secretary at once out of e:xistence, because it Diplomatic bill which comes here every year we .appropriate for would not have paid their salaries, but it would have kept the the salaries of •r lame ducks," former Senators of the United commission alive. States, sitting upon those commissions and rendering no service The other commission is the Canadian Waterways Commis whatever. sion, which has done, I think, work of .a great deal of value. Mr. KING. We ought to abolish them. There are not a num~er of ex-Senators on it. There are 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. a941r two ex-Senators on it. One is ex-Senator Obadiah Gardner, abrogated as soon as possible, at least so far as concerns the dis a Democrat, from Maine. The other is former Senator Qlark, tribution of water from the Rio Grande River to Mexican claim of Wyoming, a Republican. The third is ex-Gov. Glenn, of ants, they would be constantly engaged in defining and stabiliz North Carolina. If they are " lame ducks," two of them are ing as far as possible the shifting boundary between the two Democrats and one is a Republican. Republics. I call it "shifting," because it is subject to the 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. That does not make any difference. fugitive action of the Rio Grande River, which frequently makes 1\lr. LODGE. l\.1r. President, one word more. · for itself a new channel in its course to the Gulf, and therebY. I think those are the only commissions. The othen3 are small creates a situation which, owing to the uncertainty regarding sums of money to which the United States is bound under the boundary, makes these new places favorite localities for treaties-small and fi.xed sums for measuring the earth, and thieves and outlaws of every desc-ription. We did manage, how things of that kind, to which we have agreed. They are small ever, to get along in some way before that treaty was negotiated. sums, but we have agreed to them by treaty, and they create a The difficulty with that and with these other commissions which moral obligation which I have always sustained because it was do not function is that they are the outgrowth of covenants be a treaty obligation. tween independent nations, and if we had not those eovenants Here we are dealing with something which will cost millions, there would be no necessity for the commissions. I think many, a permanent charge on the Treasury reaching to millions. of the commissions provided for by this treaty will prove to be Why, the secretary general alone receives a salary of. $50,000. equally useless and eArpensive. There, I think, we should not be under the moral. obligation, and I do not like to differ with my very dear friend from Nebraska that is the purpose of this reservation. upon any subject, and especially any subject of legislation; but Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President that is what I am calling I am convinced that the proposed reservation is essential to the attention to. This body has repeatedly and recently appropri- protection of the Treasury of the United States, which otherwise ated, and will again appropriate, money unnecessarily for the will be called upon to guarantee the performance of many moral payment of commissioners who practically render no service- obligations created because of the assumption, there being noth $7,500 a year salary for a commission holding only one meeting ing said in the reservation, that these expenses would be recog- in a year ! nized and provided against; and, indeed, I do not see how we l\.1r. LODGE. They have bad thr-ee meetings this year. could avoid the meeting of any expenses incurred by any of the Mr. illTCHCOCK. I say thn.t such a Senate has a conscience commissions to be created by this treaty unless we are fore that is not so tender as it would seem to be when it proposes to handed enough to provide that no expenses will be recognized insert here a reservation repudiating even the legitimate office until author-ized by congressional appropriation. It will have a expenses of the secretariat. restrictive effect, and particularly in the development and ex- 1 have not any more to say. I just want to expose the fact ecution of part 13, under whose provisions, if carried out lit that this reservation has for its purpose the repudiation of erally, as they probably will be, the mind of man can hardly con every legitimate expense of this international commi.ssion, and ceive of the imposition of any lii:nitation on the demands that that we are not in a frame of mind or of morals to do it. We may be made upon the Treasury of the United States. have never done it before, we are not doing it now, and we are If we had not these covenants in previous treaties, unpro not going to do it next week when we vote on these commissions. tected by reservations of this kind, we would not have cornmis- 1\fr. SMOOT. Mr. President, will the Senator yield 1 sions that do nothing except exist, and the places upon which Mr. HITCHCOCK. I yield. are regarded merely as sinecures for the favorite appointments :Mr. SMOOT. I want to ask the Senator if he believes that of both the great political parties. · -Congress could give notice, without action on the part of the The lesson which I draw from that situation is that having President, terminating these treaties? made two mistakes-first, with reference to the treaty affecting 1\fr. HITCHCOCK. 1\Ir. President, I will answer that ques- our Canadian boundary; and, second, with regard to the treaty tion. · affecting our Rio Grande boundary-we had ootter safeguard 1\ir. SMOOT. I want to say, further, that if it can be done, ourselves as to this greater treaty by announcing to the world, I think it ought to be done. in a reservation, that expenditures shall be limited to the 1\ir. HITCHCOCK. I will say to the Senator that in the amounts which, in the discretion of Congress, are desirable. - forthcoming Consular-u.nd Diplomatic bill I proposed and secured Otherwise, we may be face to face with bond issues to meet ob the insertion of a statement that this was the last appropriation ligations which we can not very well avoid because of the con which Congress would make for the Mexican Waterways Com- d.itions for which we are responsible through the covenants of mission. and that the Congress thereby requested the State De- the treaty. partment to give the necessary six months' notice for the termi- Mr. SMITH of Georgia_. Mr. President, there has been sug nation of our obligations under it. I believe that these sinecures gested a slight amendment to this .resel"vation, which I hope ought to be abolished, and I say that the Senate, which has some Senator on the other side of the Chamber will present. It tolerated them, and which will continue to tolerate them in spite is that in line 2 we strike out the word "or" and add "except of protests, is in no condition to make a reservation of this sort, ti_e office force and expenses of the secretariat." repudiating perfectly legitimate obligations. 1\ir. KELLOGG. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Undoubtedly it would be possible to frame a reservation to M:r~ SMITH of Georgia. Certainly. limit our obligations so as to provide against extravagance; 1\fr. KELLOGG. The bipartisan conference that has been but to say that we will not be obligated for anything, when we talked about so much had that subject under consideration. I 1rnow that the ratification of the treaty calls for the constitu- hesitate somewhat to state anything that the bipartisan con tion of the commission and other bodies, is a perfectly ridiculous ference did, because nobody seems to agree--- and disgraceful attitude for the Senate to assume. 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, I shall be glad to '!,hat is all I have to say. . . . yield to the Senator from Minnesota. I thought he was going 1\Ir. THOl\IAS. Mr. Pres1dent, the commiSSlOn known as the to take the :tloor and I did not address the Senate. a little while Commission on the ,International Boundary Between the United ago for that rea~on. If he will p-roceed I will follow him. ~tates and Mexico is .a joint. commission C?mposed of representa- Mr. KELLOGG. I want to explain ~hat that is. tlves of the two nations lymg on each s1de of the Rio Grande Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I will take the :tloor as soon as the Rive~. That commissi~n was created by a treaty or series of Senator has concluded. I shall be glad to do so. I want him; treaties between the Umted States and Mexico designed t{) settle to take the floor. I do not mean to object. the qu~stion of shifting boundaries an~ also to dispose ?f con- Mr. KELLOGG. I will explain it, then, if the Senator wishes.: trovcrs1es between Mexicans and Americans over confl.ictmg ap- Mr. SMITH of GeorO'ia. I shall be O'lad to have the Senator propriatio~s of water for ir-r'igation purposes fro_m the Rio explain that first. b b Grande River. . . . . Mr. KELLOGG. As I understood, it ~as the intention to I n~ver have been a~l~ to discover why the treaties were ever except the office force and the salary of the secretary generaL ne~otiated. By. the opmwn of the then At~01_:ney General o:f tJ:te That was my understanding; but the way it is put here it· Umted States It. wa.s declared, and I thm~ unanswerably, m excepts everything following the words~ 1896, that no obligatwn rested upon the Umted States to recog- nize the propE-rty of an alien in any appropriation of water in except the office fo.rce and expenses of the secretariat,. o.r of any com• that part of a stream which was not international but wholly mission, or committee of conferen.ce, or other agency- . confined within the boundaries of the United States. The And so forth. treaties, however, were negotiated, and this commission was Now,. as a matter of fact, the expenses of the secretariat's created, and appointments were made by both Republics of office do not simply include the alarie oi the- seeretary general their respective member"'. and his office force and office expenses, but under the .treaty If the commission could_diseharg-e the- obligations resting upon they include all international bureaus, the labor C{)nference them in view of this treaty, which, in my judgment, should be and everything else, which are called the expenses of the secre- r 3942 'I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ~L.\.R{J H 6, ta1iat. So if ·the Senator from Georgia wishes to offer that 1\Ir. ·HITCHCOCK. No; the Sun is not an advocatb of the amendment I suggest that lt be in this form : league. That is an enemy of the league the Senator is reading Provided, That the foregoing limitation shall not apply to the United from; · , States' proportionate share of the expenses of the office force and salary Mr. BORAH. This is published as a ne-ws item; and the New of the secretary general. York papers, whether for the league or not, publish the news. Those expenses under the treaty are divided on the same basis We all admit that. as the International Postal Agreement expenses, and ·o far as 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK. It would be a much better news item if I am concerned I have no objection to the amendment. they would say there would be 10,000,000 employed, just at :Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I will say to the Senator that I did a rough guess. not desire to offer it, but I was under the impression that the Mr. BORAH. Yes; it would be much better, but that would Senator would. I hope he will offer it, and I will support it. be made to appear untrue if it were not printed by a league Mr. BORAH. Mr. President-- paper. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Doe the Senator from Min Mr. HITCHCOCK. I think if the Senator really wants to nesota yield to the Senator from Idaho? make a deep impression he should tell the Senate on the 1\fr. KELLOGG. Certainly. reliability or on the faith of some obscure John Smith that he Mr. BORAH. I do not yet see the force of this proposition. understood a little bird told him that 10,000,000 people were I do not know how you would get money to pay it without going to be employed by the league. 1.'hat would really be some having an appropriation by Congress for the office of the thing striking. secretariat. Mr. BORAH. A bluebird? Mr. KELLOGG. I do not either. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Yes; a bluebird. Mr. BORAH. Then what is the nece. ity of the reservation 1\!r. NELSON. I think the Senator from Nebraska misunder at all? stood the Senator from Idaho. As I understood him, it was Mr. KELLOGG. As the Senator from l\lassachusetts [Mr. $85,000 of appropriation and 165 people only. Is not that cor LoDGE] said, we do not wish the secretary general to be author rect? I ized to bind the United States to pay all the expenses of all the Mr. BORAH. I think that might likely turn out to be true, . bureaus, including the labor bureau and everything else, until but I have stated what appears here. I give this as a news Congress shall authorize it. That was the object of it. Other item, which I realize is altogether likely-- wise we would be bound to pay all these expenses, and unless 1\!r. HITCHCOCK. I think the Senator ought to put it in . Congress did authorize it we would be violating the treaty; under the heading of a fairy tale. That would be much more that is all. appropriate. . . Mr. NELSON. l\Iay I ask the Senator from Iuaho one ques Mr. BORAH. No; I am stating it as an antileaguer, and we tion? Assuming that we become a member of the League of do not indulge in such things. Nations and ratify the treaty, and become a member of it to Mr. KING. Mr. President-- any extent, subject to these reservations, ns long as we are a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Idaho member, even to that extent, is there not a moral obligation to yield to the Senator from Utah? pay our share of the expenses? Mr. BORAH. I yield. Mr. BORAH. Yes; regardless of the reservation. Mr. KING. On the lOth of November the distinguished Sena Mr. NELSON. Regardless of the reservation and regardless tor from Missouri [Mr. SPENCER] offered, and there was incorpo of putting it ln. · ratPd in the REcoRD, to be found on pages 8190, 8191, and 8192, a Mr. BORAH. Exactly. statement purporting to be an audit of the probable annual .ex Mr. NELSON. So there can be no harm in making such a penses of the League of Nations. It was prepared by Mr. Fred · reservation? A. Dolph, of this city, a lawyer and an accountant of standing, Mr. BORAH. No; no harm. who was employed to prepare an estimate of the annual budget Mr. NELSON. It is based upon the moral obligation that of the League of Nations in operation. underlies it. Mr. Dolph has complied with that Yr. BORAH. It is no harm and no benefit. In view of the The Senator from Missouri said- possible amendment which is to be offered, may I .call atten and at the request of the American Agricultural Assoc~ation- tion to a dispatch which appeared in the New York Sun a few And so on. In that statement will be found corroboration of days ago? It says : · what the Senator has stated. In my opinion, if the Senator from The annual sum of $1,194,591,000 is estimated as necessary. at the beginning to finance the League of_Nations, according to the report of Nebraska will permit me to differ from him, if they put into op an accountant employed by the American Agricultural Association. It eration the labor provisions of the League of Nations, there is is figured that this enormous aggregate may be increased 100 or 200 no question but that there will be 185,000 employees and more. per cent because of red tape, etc. It is computed by this accountant that 185,167 persons will be Mr. BORAH. They are in operation now. given office unJ.er the League of Nations during the first year of its Mr. KELLOGG. Mr. President-- existence. Mr. BORAH. I yield to the Senator from Minnesota. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I did not catch the number. Mr. KELLOGG. If the Senator from Georgia is not going to 1\Ir. BOR.A.H. One hundred and eighty-five thousand one hun- offer it, I will offer this amendment as a proviso to the reserva dred and sixty-seven persons. tion. 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. From the United States alone? Mr. BORAH. I will let the. Senator offer it, and then I will Mr. BORAH. No; under the League of Nations. take the :floor. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. From all countries? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. 'l'he Senator from Minnesota Mr. BORAH. Yes; from all countries; 185,167 persons. offers the following amendment to the reservation. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President-- The ASSISTANT SECRETABY. At the end of the propo ed reser Mr. BORAH. If this is put in for the purpose ·of_covering vation No. 9 add the following: the moral obligation, we do not want the moral obligation to Provided, That the foregoing limitation shall not apply to the United pay an unlimited number of employees until Congress shall have States' proportionate share of the expenses of the office force and salary passed upon it. I think it applies, in other words, to one just of the secretary general. the same as the other. Mr. BORAH. Let us see how it will read. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Will the Senator state what gentleman Mr. NELSON. There is a mistake. This is an amendment to made that close calculation? the amendment and not to the reservation. Mr. BORAH. I do not think it is close. I think it is under Mr. BORAH. No; there is no amendment pending. estimated. 1\Ir. :NELSON. The words "shall not apply to the United Mr. HITCHCOCK. Does not the Senator think about States' proporti<:mate share" mean nothing. 5,000,000 people will be employed? I think it ought to have Mr. HITCHCOCK. Let the amendment be stated, 1\Ir. Presi been 5,000,000 so as to make really a striking figure. Round dent. figures would be much more effective. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Assistant Secretary just Mr. BORAH. No; I think the gentleman has been over- stated it. but he will state it again. modest, as all these advocates of the league are. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. The Senator from Idaho, I believe, 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK. I do not think he is an advocate of the has the :floor. league. · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. No ; the Senator ft•om Idaho Mr. BORAH. Oh, yes ; he is. This is an accountant em has not the :floor. '1-'he Ohair recognized the Senator from 1\~in ployed by the American Agricultural Association. nesota to offer the amendment. Mr. IDTCHOOCK. He is not an advocate of the league. Mr. BORAH. I yielded to the Senator for the purpose o! Mr. BORAH. But the association is. offering it, but if the Senator wishes the floor I will yield. 1920. CONGRESSION.&L ~ECO.RD-- SENATE. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I did not nnderstand that the floor arid we 1do not know .how :much .. that cost 'Would be. "" It•was was yielded for the purpose of voting on· it. not the intention by ·this amendment to bind .the IIhited ·States Mr. BORAH. No. as to those expenses at all, morally or otherwise. ·Also under Mr. Sl\1ITH of Georgia. ·If so, I yield the floor entirely. the labor- clause all the expenses of the labor commission will be 1\fr. BORAH. The reservation as it will read if amended treated as expenses of the secretariat. The Senator from Massa provides· as follows : chusetts [l\fr. LoDGE], the Senator.. fr<>m 'Indiana fMr:NEW],..and The United · Stat~s shall not be obligated to contribute to any ex the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. LENROOT] and myself, in con penses of the League of. Nations, or of the secretariat, or of any com mission, or coriunittee, or. conference, or other agency organized under nection with the other Senators in ta:1king it on~r, agreed that the League of Nations or under the treaty or for the purpose of i!arry we would recommend to the Senate that so far as the salary of ing out the treaty provisions, unless and until an appropriation of the secretary general and his office force are concerned,· there funds a.vailable fo~ such expenses shall have, been made by the Con if gress of the United States: Provided, That the foregoing limitation should be a moral obligation, we ·go into the league, to pay shalt not apply to the United· States proportionate share of the expenses them, because those would have to continue. • of the office force and salary of the- secretary general. Mr. BORAH. If the Senator will ~perrrrit me to interrupt ·him, In other words, then, we aFe going to create the moral obliga· let ·us · n.ssuine that, of course, when we are in the league• the tion, we Will say, of paying our proportion of all expenses, moral obligation is there, but, as a mere matter of domestic leg which the secretary general, who starts out with a salary of islation, does not the Senator think we ought·to hold the right $50,000 a year and all of his office force, regardless of any to control the question of salaries? 'We shall have to uo it. action upon the part of Congress with reference to what they ·The people of the country will demand that we shall do it. They shaH be. We are placing in their hands the power to impose will not-permit us to pay exorbitant salaries without a revision any :indebtedness upon us they see fit or any charge or any sum, of them upon our part. Why not, therefore, remove the moral and it becomes a moral obligation which Congress must· pay obligation and place it upon a level with the other "obligations? regardless of whether Congress would be satisfied that it ought ·If Congress goes into the league, it will do what is right and to ha ye been incurred or not. reasonable, of course,_ by it. It is in the league, and after you 1\fr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President-- turn them loose, to say that they shall create whateyer offices 1\Ir.'BORAH. I yield to the Senator from Michigan. they choose and pay whatever sahuies they -see fit and that Con· Mr. TOWNSEND. This proviso or amendment practically ·gress will pay, it is, in my-judgment, an unwise thing to.do. assumes, it seems to me; that no appropriation will be necessary Mr. KELLOGG. It certainly would be unwise if it included by Congress for the office force and the salary of the secretariat. all the expenses of the secretariat, but it could not possibly Does it not? amount to a large sum if divided upon the basis of the postal 1\fr. BORAH. It seems to me so. agreement and only inclUded the salary of the secretary_general Mr. TOWNSEND. I agree with the Senator from Idaho and his. office for-ce. It was-thought best· that there should be that it is necessary for Congres~ to make an appropriation_be a moral obligation to. paY' that, the same -as we:.have -moral obli fore the expenses can be paid, but this exception it·seems nega gations under many treaties to pay our share of certain interna tives that idea, at least it makes it 'definite that an appropria· tional bureaus. We have entered .into .a great many treaties tion "Will have to be made for .all other purposes except this one. without any reservation to pay our share·of expenses·of interna· . Mr. BORAH~ . Exactly. Of course, they could _.not actually tionaL b-ureaus. I only· speak for ·myself, and I ·do ·not care what do that thing, ·because _'they could noLget into the TreasurY' the Senate thinks about it, but we did ..not think it wise to bind until .we act, but the moral obligation is there, according to the the United States by a moral obligation·to· 3944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. }!ARCH 6, . reservation helps to accomplish the bulk of that which th:e ·sen treaty-with these reservations, why should we come in and say ator from Nebraska ·advocated when he ·criticized existing use we will bear none of the expense? less commissions. I will not say· that the attitude of the· Sen-1 Mr. SMITH of Georgia. We do not say that. -ator is disgraceful; I will not attribute such ·an attitude to ·any Mr. NELSON. And more than that, Mr. President, if we are Senator; but I may say, and say truthfully, that I have no hope silent on the subject, if we say nothing at all in the shape of a that· the Senator from Nebraska will ever vote for a resolution reservation, . does not the power still remain in Congress, as it that ratifies this treaty. remains in all cases where appropriations of money are .con Mr. BORAH. That is not ·the only hope that seems to be cerned? There are many claims pending against the United hoped. States in connection with moral obligations, but the claimants Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Does the Senator desire me to yield never get their money until Congress appropriates it. So it will to him a moment? For a question, I will yield, though I have be in this case; the moral obligation, to say nothing about th'e not finished. reservation, still subsists; but it is like all the other moral obli Mr. BORAH. Very well. gations of the Government, there is nothing to them until they" 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. I have no more hope that the Senator are followed with an appropriation, as has been done in the case from Nebraska will vote for a resolution that ratifies the treaty of the humblest claimant against the Government of the United than I have that the- three distinguished Senators who are now States. just across the aisle, the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BBA.N 1.\Ir. Sl\liTH of Georgia. Mr. President, I am glad to answer DEGEE], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. BoRAH] , and the S~nator the Senator from Minne-sota, and the answer is easy. By this from-Missouri [Mr. llEED] will vote for a resolution that ratifies reservation we in no way say we shall fail to pay any part of the the treaty. expense which is properly placed upon us, but we give notice that Mr. BORAH. Mr. President-- . Congress must approve the salaries and the number of office Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Now I yield to the Senator from holders, and that no obligation is to be placed upon us except in Idaho for a question. pursuance of action by Congres ·. Mr. BORAH. I observe the Senator from North Carolina [l\Ir. 1\!r. REED rose. SurMONS] just stepped in and made a statement to the Senator Mr. SMITH of Georgja. Let me finish, if the Senator from from Georgia. Will the Senator from Georgia tell us as to what Missouri pleases. the report is from the President? I am thoroughly in favor of not permitting a crowd of people 1\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. The Senator has no report from t he to be carried to Paris or anywhere else at the expense of the President. Government and ill utter disregard of the constitutional respon Mr. BORAH. That is what I thought. sibility of the two Houses of Congress. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. He has no report of any kind, and Now I yield to the Senator from Missouri. made no reference to any report or any inquiry of any kind from Mr. REED. · 1\Ir. President, I agree with the position which the President. the Senator from Georgia takes, that it is unconstitutional to l\fr. WATSON. 1\Ir. President, \\"ill the Senator from Georgia involve the Government :for the payment of money until Con permit me to interrupt him? gress has authorized the expenditure, and that the creation of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from a moral obligation, say, is a deprivation of Congress or the Georgia yield to the Senator from Indiana? taking away from Congress of the right to e-"Cercise its constitu l\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. I yield. tional prerogative. I think that is the Senator's position. If Mr. WATSON. Is it not a fact that the President and the ' that is the Senator's position, how does he differentiate between Senator from Nebraska occupy tl1e same position with refer-· a reservation as to the whole and a reservation as to a part'? ence to the ratification of the treaty? Is it not a further fact Without the reservation a moral obligation might be created that the Senator from Nebraska occupies that relationship be which would offend against the spirit of the Constitution for cau ·e of the fact that the President assumes that attitude? the payment of money to support the labor bureau; or, second; Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I do not know. I should be compelled for the payment of money .to support numerous boards; or, to refer the Senator from Indiana to the Senator from Nebraska third, for the payment of money to support the office force and to answer that question. to pay the expenses of the secretariat. The Senatol" admits ·Mr. NELSON. Mr. President-- that. the first two propositions would be violative of the spirit The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from of the Constitution because creating a moral obligation to ·pa~' Georgia yield to the Senator from Minnesota? · when Congress has not appropriated the money nor authorized Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I yield to the Senator from Minne- the expenditure. 'Yhy is not ·uiat true of the third equally a· sota. well as of the first two? Mr. NELSON. There is one thing which occurs to me in refer- Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I will answer the Senator's question ence to the pending reservation which is a little singular and as best I can. I think we may with perfect propriety adopt which it seems to me, would put our country in a. contemptible the amendment of the Senatot· from Minnesota [Mr. KELLOGG], positi~n if the reservation were adopted. Provided we ratifY which is intended to commit us through the treaty to the ex the treaty and become a member of the league, we say we will be penses of a specific office, which will place a moral obligation participants in-and we are members, if you please, of a sort of upon Congress to appropriate money for the eA.-penses of tl:i(' partnership which is engaged in stabilizing the peace of the office named, while we at the same time decline to as ume moral w'orld; but, while we enter into the league and agree to parti liability for much more numerous and indefinite eA."Penses. cipate in it. we now propose to say by the re ervation that we 1\!r. KELLOGG. Will the Senator yield? ·will clO' all that is provided, but we will not bear any part of the expense. Would it not be putting our country in a contemptible Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. po ition, first, to join in the league and then say we shall not Mr. KELLOGG. I do not think the Senator from Mi s ~ouri share any of the e:x::pen. ·es? understood the position I took when I explained the amendment. 1\lt'. SMIT,H of Georgia. Not at all, I will answer the Senator The Supreme Court of the United States has held, and it has from Minnesota. What we say is that we are going to share the been the practice, that the Senate and the President may create expenses as Congress determines and provides the method of a moral obligation or a treaty obligation-"vbateYer it may be doing so. We do not intend to let one man put the expenses on called-to pay money, although the Congress may ha\e to make the appropriation. Over and over again it has been held that u . \Ve intend to preserve to Congre s some of its constitutional we have a right by treaty to impose an obligation on the Govern responsibility. Mr. NELSON. Mr. President--- ment to make payment or to do things which would require the 1\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. One moment. We do not desire action of Congress to carry out. There is not any such thing liabilities put upon us at the instance of e\en the President, as a legal obligation or a moral obligation to a treaty-and there is no difference between the two-but there is a treaty obligation, unless we have approved them in advance. and that obligation may have to be carried out by Congres ; Answering the Senator further, we, of course, shall proceed by yet it does not detract from the right to enter into the obligation. Je o- isl ation to provide the places and to bear our full part of the That is the position I took, but I do not think the Senator from expenses. 'Ve shall fix the salaries and the compensation, but we shall llo it our ~ elves. I mean by voting for the reservation to Missouri understood me. indicate not that we are not going to bear our full pa'!'t of the l\Ir. REED. Mr. President-- e.x}len ·es, but that we are not willing for the expense to be fixed Mr. SMITH of Georgia. I can not yield to the Senator from by the administrative branch of the Government until Congress Missouri for a moment, because I wish to go on with the answer bas· appl"Oved it. ' to his question. Mt·. NELSON. 1\fr. President, I desire to say to the Senato~·. Mr. KELLOGG. I beg the Senator's J)ardon. if he will permit me, that i_f we become a member of the· league, Mr. SMITH of Georgia. 'Yell, I will yield and answer the two conditionally, I will say, as we propose to do by adopting the together. 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3945 Mr. REED. Then the. Senator from Minnesota and the Sena- all ; but as to all of them except as to the expenses of the tor ft·om Georgia take different positions? . secretal'iat he wants to relieve us from the moral obligatiQn by Mr. SMITH of Georgia. We do not. . now saying that we refuse to incur any kind of obligation. 1\fr. REED. The s·enator from 'Minnesota tak-es . the position Mt·. KELLOGG. That is in substance my position in con- that the Senate has a right to enter into a treaty which imposes nection with the expenses of the secretariat. I am not willing a moral obligation upon Congh~ss to pay all of the expenses of all that the league shall bind this country to pay all the expenses of these boards, tribunalS, arid so forth, if it wants to. The of the bm·eaus of secretariat, which include all the bureaus of Senator from Georgia say , as I understand him, that tllat is, in the labor conference and everything else. The amendment fact, a violation of the spirit of the Constitution. which I offered-perhaps the Senator has not seen it-is not the Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Oh, no. one in printed form; but it limits the exception simply to th~ l\fr. REED. If it is a violatio.n of the spirit of the Constitution salary of the secretary general and his office force, and does not to agree to pay the expense of the labor tribunal provideu by permit the council of the League of Nations to obligate this Part XIII, why is it not equally a violation-and that is the country to pay any expenses of the secretariat, which include point I am discussing-to pay the · expenses of the treaty gen- all of the bureaus and commissions created under the treaty. erally? ._ l\'h·, SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President-- Mr. SMITH of Georgia. The Senator from 1\~issouri misunder- Mr. REED. I will yield 'to the Senator in a moment. I aiJ?. stood me. The violation of the spirit of the Constitution to which glad tbe Senator has made that change in his amendme~t, be l referred would be for a President to create places and put men cause I was about to say that under the language employed in in them before the Congress authorized the expenditure. the printed copy I think the expenses of the s~cretariat could I recognize the fact that a treaty can create a moral obliga- be very broad. tion upon the part of Congress to appropriate money. The ob- Mr. KELLOGG. Quite so. ject of this reservation is to prevent that moral obligation, and Mr. REED. I yield to the Senator from Georgia; · in fact, I to limit the creation of places or the placing of men -in offices yield the floor to him. until after, by legislation, we have approved the expenditure; Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President-- . but the proviso of the Senator from Minnesota makes an excep- Mt:. KELLOGG. If the Senator from Georgia will permit tion of a limited number of places ·in the secret~riat's office-- me to finish my observation, I quite agree with the Sena~r and, so far as we are concerned, we will vote for that; we are from Missouri that the amendment as it is printed does not willing to accept that now-as an office that must exist, and ac- express generally, so far as I am concerned, the views which cept the moral obligation attendant upon the office. We desire we agt·eed to recommend. We did think, however, as to the to a void, however, the obligation in connection with the re- salary of the secretary general an,d his office force that we mainder of these places which might be put on us and which could afford to .have an obligation rest upon us to pay our pro are not yet designated and in connection with which serious em- portionate share, as under the postal arrangement-and I do barrassment might be created if we failed to provide the money not know exactly what that is-but we were not willing to take to pay for them. That is the object I have in voting for this in the much larger field of all the bureaus and other expenses reservation. · · of the secretariat. Mr. REED. l\1r. President, I think I understand the differ- Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. President, I really desire to ence. 1 inquire of the Senator from Georgia [Mr. SMITH] how he fig- The PRESIDING OFFICER (.'Mr. GRO~NA in the chair). ures that it is possible for the Congress of the United States Does the Senator from Georgia yield further to the Senator from under any circumstances to prescribe the salaries of these Missouri? officers or the expenses that at·e to be incurred? l\1r. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. The secretru·y of the league is appointed by the council of 1\Ir. REED. As I understand, the difference in this constitu- the league. The council, of course, consists of rept·esentatives tiona! question is this: If we are opposed to Part XIII, then the of nine different States. Now, the Congress of the United appropriation for-- States could not possibly fix the salary of the ~ecretary. They 1\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. I am practically through, and yield must act in some way or other in conjunction with the other the floor to the Senator. eight members of the council in fixing the salari ~, and sQ like- Mr. REED. If we are opposed to Part XIII, then for the wise with all subordinates, all the office force. GoYemment to obligate us in any way to pay the expen es ·n- Mr. Sl\IITH of Georgia. Mr. President, quite a large number curr d under Part XIII is violative of the Constitution. If we of these people Will be directly representing the United States. are in favor of the secretariat and of going into the league,_then Mr. w· ALSH of Montana. Of course, so far as those directly to do exactly the same thing-that is, to obligate ourselves to pay representing the United States are concerned, the obligation of the money to support the secretariat-is entirely constitutional, the United States is direct, and we fix their salaries beyond the construction of the Constitution turning wholly upon the doubt and beyond controversy or question. que tion as to what we want done or do not want done. That, 1\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. We can undoubtedly limit the num- it eerus to ·me, has been the attitude all the way through in this ber of those, and limit our representatives-- battle. 1\Ir. WALSH of Montana. Undoubtedly we can, but this pro- Mr. KELLOGG. Mr. President-- vision has nothing whatever to do with them. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Missouri 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. Oh, yes; it has. I do not agree with yield to the Senator from Minnesota? the Senator. 1\'lr. REED. In just a moment I will yield. When Senators 1\fr. WALSH of l\lontana. But the Senator would be obliged want to accomplish a certain purpose the Constitution is easily to agree with me, because we have already adopted a reservation brushed aside; when they think that the purpose that is about to the effect that no one shall have· any authority whatevet· to to ue accomplished is bad, they run to the cover of the Con- represent the United States upon any of these commissions until stitution. But if it be unconstitutional, as I certainly thought his appointment is provided for by an act of Congress. I refer the Senator from Georgia said several trmes, to create a moral the Senator to the reservation adopted a . few days ago, · and obligation upon this Government to pay money-- numbered 7, that takes care of the appointment of any officers 1\fr. SMITH of Georgia. Oh, no. who represent this Government. Nothing can be done and no 1\Ir. REED. Prior to the action of Coi1gre ·s authorizing the one can repre ent this Government under that reservation until expenditure of that money, then that rule applies equally to his appointment is provided for by an act of Congress, and of the !';ecretariat and to the labor tribunal, because in each in- course that act of Congress will fix his compensation and ~ill stance a moral obligation is created to pay money without the fix the number that will represent us; but the other article has express authority of Congress, and thus there is imposed upon not any reference to that. The -other article has reference to Congress a condition which practically forces it, in redemption the salaries of those officers who are not appointed by the United of the national honor, to 111ake an appropriation which it other- States at all, but are appointed by the council of the League of wi~e would not make. I think the Constitution is equally pro- Nations. It refers not to the activities of our individual mem hibiti,·e in all of these cases or else it is inapplicable to any bers upon any commission but to the expenses of the commh; of them. I now yield to the SenatQr from Minnesota. sions as a whole. Now, how can the Government of the Unite(! Mr. KELLOGG. The Senator, I hope, does not state that States regulate those salaries or those expenses except by simply as my position. refusing to make ·appropriations? Mr. REED. I was speaking of the Senator from Georgia. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. It goes to the extent of declaring I understand the Senator from Minnesota takes the position that lVe will not participate in commissions or ~ommittees .or that the Senate can by ratifying the treaty place us in a posi- agencies, and assume liability for them, unless Congress ha,s first · tion where all of these financial obligations can be created by the approved. . . . Leagu~ of Nations and its machinery, and that it will become Mr. WALSH of Montana. That is not the point I "vas talking our moral duty, our duty as ·a decent Nation, to redeem them about. The Senator said that he wanted to have this thintr itt 3946 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. 1\IAROB; 6, suCh shape as that the 'Congress of the ·united States could iire l\fr. REJED. I took the -position ·which I understood the scribe the slilaries of these people. Senator from Georgia was taking, and "I argued that, · if his l\lr. SMITH of Georgia. Yes. position was correct, then it applied to all of the items ·of 1\fr.' WALSH of Montana. May I inquire of the S,enator how expense the same as it would · to two of them. I did not that can be done? take the position for myself that we could not enter into a Mr. ·El\fiTH of Georgia. It-ma-y be that the individual repre treaty which -would impose upon us ·a moral obligation "to J)ay sentatives of the United States· would be covered by the other money. provision; but I still think that this provision is most impor Mr. WALSH of Montana. I am -v~y glad to hear the Senator tant, even though the individual representatives of the United say so, because we have done it. States were covered by reservation No. 7. Mr. SMITH of Georgia. Mr. President, I wish also to say Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. "President, I do not desire to to the Senator that I did not do so. He entirely misunder- controvert with the Senator the question as to whether it is or stood me. · is ·not important. I am merely directing his attention to lhat Mr. WALSH of Montana. We certainly obligated ourselves portion of the section -under which he said he desired that the by the treaty with Russia in 1867 to pay the Government of Congress of the United States might have control of the salaries that country $7,500,000 for Alaska; we certainly obligated our to be paid these officers. • selves to the Government of France in 1803 to pay $15,000,000 .l\fr. President, I want to invite the attention of the Senator for Louisiana ; and the Congress, recognizing the obligation from Georgia . to another matter which I am sure is of very moral or otherwise; whatever you may call it-proceeded to great interest to him, by reason· of the great attention he has make the necessary appropriation. given to the subject of agriculture in general. -.1\Ir. REED. I have not any doubt about that proposition, In the year 1905 we entered into an .agreement much in line and never ha-ve· had. We can create a moral obligation. We with this, with all the leading nations of the earth, to establish can create by treaty a great many obligations ~ morally binding an international institute of agriculture with its seat at the this country. Some of them my be of such a nature as to eo city of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy. That institute has the involve the country's honor as to practically compel Congress power uri:der the provisions of article 9 to do the following to appropriate the money. The question of the wisdom ·or things: unwisdom of the proposition, therefore, ·is one which is always (a) Collect, study, and publish as promptly as possible statistical, open for discussion. I have not, however, taken the position technical, or economic information concerning farming, both vegetable as a lawyer that we can not create that sort of a moral and animal products, the commerce Jn agricultural products, and the prices prevailing in the various markets. obligation. (b) Communicate to parties interested, also as promptly as possible, Mr. WALSH of Montana. I felt sure that the Senator would all the information just referred .io. not, -upon -reflection at least, and ·I am -very glad that he cor (e) Indicate the wages paid for farm work. . (d) .Make lrnown the .new diseases of vegetables which may. appear in rected me in respect to his position;with regard to that matter. any part of the world, showing the territories infected, the progress of But, Mr. President, I merely desired to call attention to these the disease, ,and, if possible, the r.emedies which are effective in com specific treaties for the purpose of indicating that this is not bating them. (e) Study guestions concerning .agricultural coope;ration, insurance, the first time that we have entered into treaties with the lead and credit in all their aspects; collect· and publish information which ing nations of the world, involving the incurring of exr·:mdi might be useful in the various countries in the organization of works tures of no inconsiderable amount. I .am calling specific atten connected .with agricultural cooperation, Jnsurance, and credit. (f) Submit to the approval of the governments, if there is occasion tion to these matters for the· purpose of·enforcing the position for: -it, measures for the protection of the common interests of farmers taken by the Senator from Nebraska [l\fr. HITcncocx] that and for the improvement of their condition, .after having·utilized all the this is the first time we have felt called upon to say to the ·.necessary sources of information, such as the wishes expressed by inter national or other agricultural congreBSes or. congresses of sciences ap nations of the earth, with whom we are thus going to be asso plied -to agriculture, agricultural socities, academies, learned bodies-- ciated, as expressed by the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. And so forth. KELLoGG]," While we are willing to go into this thing with you. 'I have no doubt in the world that that method of getting the ypu can have no kind of assurance whatever that we will bear scientists of the world together ·for the purpose of carrying on our share of the burden of the cost of the operations." these investigations and gathering this information, so as to AFFAIRS IN ASIA MINOR. promote the interests of agriculture throughout the world, meets the entire approval of ·the Senator from Georgia, as it 1\lr. KING. 1\fr. President, as in legislati-ve session, I offer the does mine. It involves, a.s a matter of course, a large .amount resolution which I send to the desk and ask to have read; and, of expense; but we go right in and obligate ourselves-..I wish upoh submitting -a few remarks in regard to it, I shall move its the · Senator from Missouri [Mr. REED] was here-morally, at reference to the Oommittee on Foreign Relations. least, to bear -our proportionate share of all that expense, what The PRESIDING OFFICER. • Without objection, the resolu ever it may be, limited as it is by the , treaty. We did not ti-on will be read. think it necessary by any means to say to the other nations of T.he resolution ( S. Res. 325) was read, as. follows : the earth: "Now, that is all right; we will. go in with you and VVhereas the recent outra~es perpetrated by the ~rks in the ~Iarash gather up all · this information-for the benefit of our_people as region of Cilicia, by which 16,000 Arme.ruans were .m.as acred or per ished !rom exposure after being forced from their homes, afford one. well as of yours, but -we will not bear our share of any expenses more example of the inveterate malice of the Turks against the native incurred unless Congress shan, in its wisdom, conclude that it Christian inhabitants of Armenia ; and ought to do so." WB-ereas by the terms of the armistice with the Tu-rks, concluded on October 31, 1918, it was expressly stipulated that" In case of disor.rler .Mr. President, the treaty to which I have just made refer in the six Armenian vilayettes, the .Allies reserve to themselves the ence is succeeded by the ir).ternational sanitary convention. right to occupy any part of them " ; and Whereas it bas been fully demonstrated that there can be n.o relief from The nations of the earth thought it wise to get together for ' the these intolerable and ever-recurring outrages except by the utter exclu purpose of establishing some .kind o;f an organization for the sion of Turkish military .forces and irl'egular armed bands of Turka purpose -of combating deadJy diseases that spread _from one and Kurds from the proper territories of Ax:menia, extending from country to another. Whatever sanitary precautions may be .Ararat and Trebizond to .Alexandretta, and comprising the six vil ayettes designated in the armistice with the Turks ; and taken by one nation can hardly be effective unless like precau Whereas it is within the power of the allied Governments to summarily ti-ons are taken by the other nations of the earth ; and the terminate these outrages and to redeem the pledges given for the complete territorial rehabilitation of Armenia and the restoration o! administration of that treaty necessarily involves no incon the national life of the Armenian people ; and -siderable expense, and we are obliged to bear our share. We Whereas the victory of the allied and associated powers over the Ger have obligated ourselves by entering into that _treaty to bear mans and their ·•rurkish allies will have been in vain for the rectifica tion of conditions in the ·Near East unless the territorial and· politi our share. cal rights of the Armenians be vindicated and restored ; and I am ·SUrprised ' that so good a lawyer as the Senator from Whereas· any further temporizing with or toleration of these outrageous :Missomi [Mr. 'TIEED]-I am very glad he ·is here now-should conditions or arrangements which recognize Turkish sovereignty in take the position that it is beyond·the treaty-making power of Armenia will be pregnant with future disorders, wars, massacres, and would constitute a cowardly d~ault of duty on the part of the Chris the Government of the United States to bind the United States tian powers : Now therefore be it to the payment of money by the treaty, and thus impose upon Resolved, That the Senate of the United St ates does hereby express its Congress a moral obligation to make ..the necessa.J.'Y appropri profound sympathy tor the Armenian people in their present distress, separation, and suffering; and ' ation. R esolved t"rther, That it is the sense of the Senate that the allied Mr. REED. Mr. President-- powers which accepted the capitulation of the Turks in the late war 1\Ir. WALSH of Montana. Let me conclude. sho~ld now impose terms upon the Turks for the complete liberation of the Armenian people, and the vindication and restoration of their terri l\lr. REED. Let me correct the -Senator; that is all I wish tonal rights a.nd political independence, and that adequate military to do, Tbe Senator is arguing the matter from a-wrong basis. measures -be, forthwith taken, in conformity to the terms of the armis- I" did not' make any such statement. · ·tiee with the Turks, to occupy Armenia, to ~xpel all armed ~rks and Kurds from the said six vilayettes, to protect the .inhabitants against a Mr. WALSH ·of l\Iontana. I certainly misunderstood 'the recurrence of these disorders and outrages, and make_.them secure in ·Senater, then. their persons and property. 1920. · r r CONGRESSION.A.. L RECORD- · SEN.ATE. · 3947 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolution offered by the at Marash were brought on at this moment in the course of Senator from Utah wil1 be referred to the Committee on Foreign the rising of the Mohammedan population against the inade Relations. quate .military force which represented the new and unwelcome 1\'lr. W ADSW~ORTH. Mr. President, apropos of the resolution dominion of France. submitted by the Senator from Utah [1\Ir. KING] and the discus l\fr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me for a sion in which he has indulged concerning the conditions in the moment? · Near East, I ask unanimous consent, as in legislative session, to The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\fr. CunTis in the chair). Does offer the resolution which I send to the desk, and I ask for its im the Senator from Illinois yield to the Senator from Utah? mediate consideration. l\fr. McCORMICK. Certainly. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the Secre l\fr. KING. The Senator has referred to the "new and un tary will read the resolution. welcome " force of France. That force was there, however, The resolution ( S. Res. 326) was read, as follow : pursuant to the armistice, which provided that in any of the R esolved, That the President be, and he is hereby, requested to send territories of that region the allied Governments, for the pur to the Sl'nate, if not incompatible with the public interest, a copy or ~ose of keeping peace, might maintain troops until after the the report on conditions in Asia Minor and the Caucasus made by the mission headed by Maj. Gen. James C. Harbord, and known as the treaty of peace was signed. So that troops were there in virtue " Harbord mission." of the armistice. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the request Mr. McCORMICK. Precisely. to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. l\Ir. KING. And were rightfully there. 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK. 1\Ir. President, is the request contained in 1\.fr. l\fcCORl\IICK. But the Senator doubtless nas followed the resolution in the usual form? the discussion of the relations between the Emir Feisal, speak Mr. WADS WORTH. Yes; the resolution contains the usual ing for the King of Hejaz, and the French and the British phrase," if not incompatible with the public interest." Governments, acting under the Sykes-Picot agreement. Not Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. 1\Ir. President, may I interrupt the only were the French forces in Marash in pursuance of the Senator from New York? armistice agreement, but I am disposed to believe that unless Mr. WADSWORTH. Certainly. they may be replaced by forces representing . the Hejaz they l\fr. CHAMBERLAIN. I thought the request contained in the ought to return. Sir, that is not the issue which I am rais resolution of the Senator from New York which llas just been ing here; but I do wish to make it clear that it is the annexa submitted had been made quite a while ago and had not been tion of Syria to the French dominion under form of mandate complied with? which has vastly complicated the problem of the expulsion of the Mr. WADSWORTH. The Senator is correct; but I thought Turks from Constantinople and of their control within Ana perhaps, upon a second trial, we should get a reply. tolia. Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. I think it would be well when the If I had known that this issue was to be raised in the Senate resolution is taken up for action if the Senator will add to it to-day, I should have brought with me the text of the protest some reference to the former resolution which was passed. of the Mohammedan population of India against the expulsion Mr. W ADS,VORTH. I thought in submitting this resolution of the Turks from Constantinople. Their protest was indorsed that such a reference might be regarded as a discourtesy, and I by the British undersecretary for India, Lord Sinha, and, as I merely desire to bring the request again to the attention of the recall, by the Maharajah of Bikanir, both of them Indians and President of the United States. neither of them a Mohammedan by profession. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the present During tlle last century the Mohammedan population of India, consideration of the resolution submitted by the Senator ft·om since it .is in the minority, has been the one which bas most New York? consistently supported the British rule. l\fr. Lloyd-George, in There being no objection, the resolution ·was considered and the House of Commons, defended, or at least palliated, the agree agreed to. ment to permit the Sultan to remain in Constantinople, .because of the demand of the great Mohammedan populations of the TREATY OF PEACE WITli GERM.L -Y. British Empire. The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole and in open execu Not in our time, Mr. President, will it be possible for any tive session, resumed the consideration of the treaty of peace British foreign secretary to determine upon a foreign policy with Germany. in the Levant or in Central Asia, except after full consideration Mr. McCORMICK. Mr. President, while the Senate still of the demands and the opinions of the Mohammedan populations holds in lively recollection the remarks of the Senator from of the Empire unless, indeed, British dominion over those Utah [Mr. KINo] regarding the horrors of Turkish misrule, its populations shall fall . . long continuance, and the natural demand among Christian It must be so. The prejudices, if you please, of a polygamous ._peoples for the expulsion of the Turk from Europe and his potentate may be more important in determining the final de confinement to the frontiers of Anatolia, where numerically he cisions of British foreign secretaries than the views of a majority is preponderant, it may be worth while for a moment to con of a Christian House of Commons. The Mohammedan popula Sl_der the circumstances which make the fulfillment of the policy tions are to be represented in the assembly of the League of Na so ably advocated by my friend almost impossible for the great tion by the member for India. We pledge ourselves, if we as powers of Europe. sent to the treaty on the terms submitted to us, to guaranties We think of the British Empire as Christian. The constitu which are likely to lead us to the support of that very policy tional head of the Empire is the head of the established church which Lord Bryce and which the Senator from Utah [Mr. in Great Britain. The Christian population of the British, KING] join in condemning. Jsles and the self-governing dominions number. perhaps some Lord Robert Cecil has raised his voice against the continu 60,000,000. But in India alone there are more Mohammedan ance of the Turk in Constantinople, but none of us here im :subjects of George V than there are Christians in all the British agines that it will have any ultimate influence in the determina ~ Empire. The assumption of government m Mesopotamia, the tion of the fate of the Dardanelles. Constantino le will remain 'declaration of a protectorate de jure in Egypt, the establish Mohammedan unless the Governments at Paris and at West· l· ment of a protectorate de facto in Persia have added well-nigh minster are able to induce the leaders of Mohammedan opinion 30,000,000 to the number of Mohammedan subjects under the to acquiesce in the expulsion of the Sultan from his capital. Government if not under the sovereignty of the constitutional Nothing that we can do, nothing that we can say, will have any head of the British Empire. I think I shall not exaggerate if influence on the determination of what may be done there. I say that in Africa, in the Levant, in India, and 1\Ialaysia. Asiatic forces so strong that they can not be utterly controlled there are well-nigh twi~ as mauy Mohammedans who owe in Europe are at work determining that policy. It is the price allegiance in law or illl. ~ubstance to George V as there are which the Christian peoples of France and of Britain must pay Christians in the whole Britannic Empire. for their dominion over Asiatic populations. The conquest of The circumstances which determine the foreign policy of Mohammedan peoples inevitably has placed certain bonds upon France in the Levant are not different in kind, even though their masters, who can not travel in a direction entirely oppo they differ in degree, from those which determine the Asiatic site from that of their bondsmen. It seems to me futile for the and Turkish policy of the British foreign office. In Algiers, in Senate to consider expressing any judgment upon a policy which Tunis, and in Morocco and in Syrja there are great Moham can not even be determined by the conscience of the foreign medan populations-old and new subjects of the French Re ministers of France and Britain. public, all of them brought under that subjection by the sword. l\Ir. KENYON.. 1\lr. President, a few days ago I offered a In Morocco even now the forces of the French occupation and resolution looking to the opening of diplomatic negotiations for those of the rebel tribes are engaged in sanguinary encounter. the acquisition of the Bermuda Islands. That resolution was Doubtless the Senator from Utah, who has studied this problem, referred to the Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time can not escape the conclusion that the most recent outrages the editors of some newspapers in the country seem to have J'- 3948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ~:f.A.RCH 6, worked out the idea, through a fermented brain of some char wealtJ;t is known to be great, and their agriculture is susceptible of acter, that this was a move to extend prohibition and secure unliiruted expansion. They could supply us with immense amounts ol more "dry" country, or so-called "dry" country. There was ~~~a~0 ~~~eu{~?rr, coffee, cocoa, alcohol for motor fuel, beef, hides, hemp, no such intention whatever in my mind in introducing the reso WOULD REDUCE TAXATIO~. lution. Apparently, we have as much "dry" territory now as 5. If any one of the Gui!lnas were acquired, a railroad could be run from the north coast to the southern boundary, where it would connect \Ye shall be able to hold for some time. with the Amazon system of Brazil, thus bringing us into contact with I did offer the resolution for a very serious purpose. It may the southern republic most friendly to us. ·not have been th~ proper diplomatic way to do, but, as I am in 6. Notwithstanding the high price of sugar, the commerce of the favor of "open co\"'enants, openly arrived at," I thought we Guianaf! decli_ned during the war ~m account of their unnatural political l~n n elton With Europe. Not a smgle Dutch ship visited Dutch Guiana might as well go to it openly and squarely. Since that time, 1 9 however, very valuable evidence in the way of opinion has been 7. Many of the people of the Caribbean region are as eager to come under the Stars and Stripes as the Virgin Islanders. This is proved by pre ented. the fact that they are now flocking to the United States in thousands The former Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. McAdoo, in an 8. The acquisition of such territory would serve two purposes: (a)· It inter\iew which has been published in several of the papers, would reduce Federal taxation by turning our European loans from a. loss to a profit; (b) it would reduce the high cost of living by giving has not indor ·ed particularly the proposition which I presented, us easy access to new sources of food and fuel. but has "ndorsed the general proposition of the United States EDWIN E. SLOSSON. acquiring some of these islands. The interview is very short, l\Ir. KElNYON. In 1886 there was published in Harper's and I ask to have it published in the RECORD. 1\fagazine an article by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan dealing The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so with this subject, and pointing out the dangers to the American ordered. Nation of any foreign nation controlling islands such as the The matter referred to is as follows : Bermudas and the Bahamas, so near to our shores. I ask to [From the· New York World of Mar. 3, 1920.] have that- inserted as a part of the- REcmm. It is very short W AXTS UXITED STATES TO BUY BRITAD<'S ISLANDS-M:' ADOO WOULD HELl' or I would not do so. HER PAY WAR DEBT BY PURCHASING .TAMAICA, BERMUDA, ETC. The Evening World published a dispatch yesterday from David Law The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so rence, its Washington correspondent, saying William G. McAdoo, former ordered. ecretary of the Treasury, is putting forward a suggestion that the The matter referred to is as follows : United States buy some of the British islands off the Atlantic coast in order to reduce the British war debt to us and to reduce taxation in [Excerpt from Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's article, "The Milij:ia this country. and the Army," published in Harper's Magazine of January, 1886.] Mr. McA.doo says in part: First let us glance hastily at some of the possible and probable " It is highly desirable, both on our own account and that of our sources of difficulty from abroad. This is a Nation of more than allies, that the settlement of our loans to our allies be rendered as 50,000,000 of people, proud, self-reliant, enterprising, and courageous. quick and as easy as possible. Our chief debtor is, of course, Great Well within the memories of a large part of our population we possessed Britain, and this arises naturally out of the fact that Great Britain has a vast mercantile marine, whose ,flag was seen in every port of the liberally pledged her credit to sustain that of her allies. known world. One or our greatest needs is an outlet in foreign markets "Now, for the last 100 years Great Britain has held certain islands for the immense products of our soil and of our manufactories. It is in and near our shores-Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, Nassau, and certain as fate that under the pressure of necessity, and with wise the Bermudas--oll' our south Atlantic coast, as well as British Hon- legislation, our commercial marine will soon revive and ere long duras. . resume its old position before the world. " These British possessions, so long held by a friendly maritime One effect of this change will be to throw- us into still closer rela power, do not jeopardize the security of the Atlantic and Gulf coast tions with the other nations--relations in the main very beneficial to of the United States. With the process of time we have now become all, but at the same time rendering us more liable to be aJrected by · the leading economic power in the world and have developed the Panama their difficulties, and necessarily giving rise to causes of fri.ction from Canal and a Navy and merchant marine which make these islands more which we are now free. than ever important to us. For example, when the western Atlantic is once more crowded with " Might it not be possible to work out a plan by which England's our ships engaged in commerce with all parts of the world, we will debt to us could be reduced by the transfer to us of certain~ British begin to ask ourselves by what right a foreign n-ation holds a cordon possessions in the Western Hemisphere to the extent of their value? of fortified naval stations .comnfanding so mliny avenues of approach to " I see nothing in such a proposal to offend the just pride of a great our shores and enabling it to cut oft' our vessels in the event of war. people, whereas such a liquidation of a portion of the British debt Halifax, the Bermudas, Nassau, and Jamaica are important to England might be a happy solution of a part of Great Britain's immediate not so much !or purposes of self-protection, not so much for her own financial problem." commerce, as they are for bases of operation against us. At his home last night, following his return from Washington, Mr. In the late war if Bermuda and Nassau had been in our possession~ McAdoo told a reporter for the World his suggestion had been cor the contest would have been shortened some two years, for blockade rectly presented. · He said be was putting it forward merely as a sug running would have been well-nigh impossible. . gestion for a means of relieving the situation. This is one cause of friction which must inevitably arise with our growth, and one reason why we should be prepared to defend our. sea Mr. KENYON. 1\Ir. Edwin E. Slosson, who is the literary coast. editor of the Independent, some time ago in the New York 1\Ir. KENYON. Mr. President, I have seen lin some of the Tribune, in an article submitted in their contest for planks for English journals the intimation that this attempt was very ill the Republican national convention, where prizes are to be advised and showed a lamentable ignorance to the indivisi awarded for the best plank, suggested substantially this same as bility of British territory. There may be something in that. idea. I ask to have- that published in the RECORD . as a part of If that is so, it is well that India and Egypt should become my remarks. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so acquainted .with the fact, as they will have no opportunity, if that is Britain's position, ever to obtain independence. ordered. The Bermuda Islands are, I think, less than 800 miles from The rna tter referred to is follows : as New York, and about the same distance from Charleston. The [From the New York Tribune of Feb. 10, 1920.] Bahamas are even closer to our coast. I regret thnt in these To-DAY'S PRIZE LETTER. peace negotiations there was not some effort made, when it To the EDITOR OF THE TRIBUNE, probably could have been done, to acquire some of these islands. SIR : It seems to me that one ot the needs of the hour is an open, well-defined, and far-looking policy toward the European dependencies The United States was asking for nothing, and, of course, got south of us. The Republican Party, by its principles and traditions, nothing; but it would have been a very proper thing to work should take the lead in this It was Lincoln and Grant who proposed out in the most friendly spirit with Great Britain the- acces that the Virgin Islands and San Domingo should be taken under our wing, but the honor of carrying out this Republican policy was left to sion of some of these islands. Wilson. The Republican platform, therefore, should have some such I am sorry I have not a map here, so that I could point out plank as the following: to this large audience of Senators the strategic value. of what The Secretary of State should immediately open negotiations with British, Dutch, and French Governments for the purchaSI:! of any or all is known as Viequez Sound, both in connection with this ques of their possessions in South and C-entral America and the West Indies tion and likewise in connection with the acquisition of the and their annexation to the United States with the approval of their Bahama Islands. To the east of Porto Rico, bounded on the inhabitants. south by Viequez Island, on the east by St. Thomas and St. SOME ESSENTIAL POINTS'. Croix and St. John, and on the north by Culebra Island, is In support of this a few points may be mentioned: 1 ffi · f tb +-'h...- t t 1 1. The annexation of the European possessions 1n the Tropics would what nava o cers say IS one o e wu.ee grea es nava be carrying- out the Monroe doctrine to its logical conclusion. maneuvering grounds in th~ world. That accounts, I think, 2- It is in line with the Lodge resolution passed by the Senate in 1912 for our acquisition of the Virgin Islands. It was purely to protect the approaches to the Panama Canal. t a· If f th • +-h. h a ld 3. These territories could be accepted in part payment for the stra eelC. . or any o ~r purpose•. w..Le pure. ase was a eO $4,277,000;000 which we have loaned to Great. B~tain and the $3,048,- brick. From that strategtc naval pomt there- lS con?:ol of_ the 000,000. that .we have ~oaned to France. Th1s IS our only chance of Mona Passage, control of the Windward Passage, and protec~ recoverwg this money m the near future, for we can not even collect . f th p C 1 It d . ~-.... . fr N interest on it now without embarrassing and alienating all our European Ition o e an~a ana · comman s our ~• .um:es .om ew friends. · York to the Ormoco; but when _you come to draw a line from 4. The three Guianns-British. Dutch, and French-are the only this wonderful naval maneuvering ground and strategic stand- !~t~~nt~~~~~jf~~. t~~s''tla~a~ ;:~nt~ft~etl~:dl~i~~d~ec~~~: point to New York Cit:y your line will go squarely through the tlon, and_ the in.terio.r is mastly uninhabited. Their mineral and forest Bermuda Islands, or if you should dta w the line to about I I 1920. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3949. I .Jacksonville, in Florida, it would go through the Bahama zona [Mr. SMITH] and vote "yea." I ask that this announce. Islands. ment of the transfer of my pair may stand for the day. This question involves the protection of the United States in Mr. WATSON (after having voted in t.he affirmative). I trans the future--a long way ahead, possibly, to be sure. It is to be fer my pair with the senior Senator from Delaware [l\1l" .. Wo:r,. hoped that we will always have friendly relations with Britain. coTr] to the senior Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. LA FoLLETTE] Nothing could be more unfortn.nate than trouble between the two and permit my vote to stand. great English-speaking nations, because civilization depends Mr. FLETCHER. I am advised that the Senator from Dela upon these nations standing together; but at the same time we ware [Mr. BALL] if present, would vote "yea," and therefore I ought, in a perfectly friendly "\Yay, to take up this question of feel privileged to vote. I vote "yea." securing some of these islands, for the Bermuda Islands might 1\Ir . .JOHNSON of South Dakota. I transfer my pair with become to us what Heligoland was to Britain. Now, with a con the Senator from Maine [Mr. FERNALD] to the Senator from dition of affairs where we can not look for the payment at pres Kentucky [1\Ir. STANLEY] and vote "yea." ent of the interest on the debt which Britain owes to us, certainly Mr. SHERMAN. I am paired with the junior Senator from Britain should not be offended by suggestions that in a perfectly Virginia [Mr. GLAss]. If I were at liberty to vote, I would vote amicable and friendly way the question be taken up diplomat "nay." ically of the acquisition of these lands, and the price credited Mr. GERRY. The Senator from Arizona [l\1r. AsHURST], the upon the debt which Britain owes to us. Senator from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD), and the Senator from The Foreign Relations Committee could secure very valuable Virginia [Mr. GtAss] are detained on official business. evidence upon this question by calling before them the officers Mr. CURTIS. I have been requested to announce the fol of our Navy. I trust they will do so. lo\ving pairs : ' 1\Ir. CURTIS. I suggest the absence of a quorum. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. HARDING] with the Senator from The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will call the Alabama [l\1r. UNDERWOOD); roll. The Senator from Pennsylvania [l\1r. PENROSE] with the S'en The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to ator from Missi / 3950 QONGR. ESSION~J\.L R. ECORD-SEN.L~TE. :\IAR.Cll _6; class, and that they sh~ll equally bear-them. 'Vhat are·those The PRESIDENT pro .tempore. Does the Senator from Illi nations? In the first class are Germany, Austria1 we -will nois yield to the Senator from Kebrnskn? eliminate .Austria, the war probably having made A.ustria unable Mr. SHERMAN. I yield .. to bear her share-but there still remain Germany, the United 1\fr . .HITCHCOCK. I will say that most of ~uclt estimates States, France, Great Britain, British India, the CommonweaJth tllat have been made llave been made by gentlemen whose names of Australia, Canada, the British Colonies and Protectorates of have been forgotten. South Africa, the whole of the other British Colonies and Pro 1\lr. SHERMAN. I can produce it for the Senator, and I shall tectorates, Italy, Japan, and possibly Russia. put it in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in due time to refre h the Now, the United States bears no more than France; it bears no Senator's memory. l\lany of the British names are not as more than Great Britain; it bears no more than the other na familiar to me, not being in constant communication with Lon tions named. and classified in the first class. The smaller na don, as they are to the Senator. I am United States and can not tions are put ·in the sL""\: other classifications and they bear still speak their language as well; I have not the Cockney accent. smaller proportions. But, as a matter of fact, out of the total The Senator says the days in which kings could levy taxes are expenses of the Postal Union last year, which amounted to over. They are over in Russia. They are over in Moscow and 160,000 francs, the portion of the United States was 6,280 francs, in Petrograd. They are O\er in Germany. Germany now has a thus bearing out the statement I have made that the proportion very healthy party in Berlin engaged in the resurrection of the of expenses which the United States will bear in the Leauge .of monarchy. Of course, if it came back in its pristine power, it Nations is insignificant. It is no more ilian many of the other would not quite ha\e the power to levy taxes. There would be nations. It is no more than Canada, that your Senators on the the Reichstag that would be resurrected; there would be the other side of t:t~e aisle are trying to disfranchise and depJive Prussian House of Lords or its .equivalent representatives from even of a vote in the assembly. So it is preposterous-to ~ay that the \arious German States; but, nevertheless, the Kaiser would the United States may be burdened with an untold expense control that German Senate, and practically he would have the unless- the Senate proyides a reservation. power. Germany's Go\ernment is yet unknown. It may be a Mr. SHERMAN. 1\fr. President--. contribution to the free democracies of the world-nobody The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Ne knows. It may be that it will lapse back into the hands of the braska yield to the Senator from Illinois? · Prnssinns and the Kai er-nobody knows; but who ''ill levy Mr. HITCHCOCK. I yield. - . taxes hereafter in Europe is an unk"llown problem. So far as · Mr. SHERMAN. Will the Senator gi're an estjrnate of the the functions exercised by Congress are concerned, they retain working expenses of the league, if it sbot1}d ue operating as the power of tax levies, and I assume will continue to do so; but contemplated by the Paris conference? , .. I remind the Senator that as to this document which came to us 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. I am not in a position to gi\e the working by way of London it took 1,300 retainers seven months even to expenses of the league, as the Senator can very well imagine, frame it. It takes a good many more men to work a harvesting and ·no one here is in position to give it, but we know that all machine or a thrasher permanently than it does to ship it. This those countries are interested just as much as we are in having document was shipped back here-first being shipped O\er in the e~-pen·ses reasonable and moderate. Wllat I am standing embryo with the army of the 1,300 retainers. for here is to repudiate and deny the assertion which has been There has been no civil list presented here indicating how made that the United States is going to be burdened with the much it cost to take the 1,300 to Europe and keep them there. great bulk of the expenses when there are many smaller nations It is well known that more than 600 automobiles were parlred than the United States that have just as large a portio11 to beat~ daily in front of the Hotel Crillon; that the bills which have as we have. been sent in for tlle damage to the property because of the occu Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, a respectable British authority pancy of the American delegation are staggering, even to the has estimated that the League of Nations, if it is operated as imagination of hotel keepers in Washington. When they look at framed by the Paris conference, would cost $1,000,000,000 those bills they think they have neglected something and ought annually. I have the estimate, and I consider him a respectable to take lessons from abroad. I am not prepareu to say, even on - authority. It is only an estimate of course, but 25 per cent of the basis of the International Postal Union, tllat the expenses that would be $250,000,000, of which our proportional share, I incurred by us may not aggregate millions of dollars. anticipate, would be appropriated out of the Treasury. · How . I remember a year ago, 1\Ir. President, that when I \entured ever, even if the amendment should prevail ultin1ately and the an humble prediction that the expenses of the league-not only treaty be ratified, will Congress have a right still to appropriate its peace expenses but its war ex enses-if we carried out ar or can we exercise the power? Does the right or the duty exist ticles 10 and 11, would be distributed among nations in propor upon Congress to appropriate the money yet, or can it be taken tion to their private taxable wealth-that that would be the basis without tax levy in the manner of many European kings in of the charge-! was ridiculed, not only by distinguished states days past? Will it still require an appropriation from Congress? men here but by still more distinguished editors and essayists, Mr. HITCHCOCK. The Senator does well to say in the who appear weekly or monthly, at the utmost degree of self manner of many European kings in days past. Those days arc restmint, in the magazines of this country; they stated that past, and they are gone forever. You can not take money out that would never be the basis. Now, it is, in fact, the basis, and of the treasury of European nations without the authority of the Senator from Nebraska knows that it will be the basis of their legislative bodies any more than you can take it out-of the assessments when the bills are presented to this body and the Treasury of the United States without the authority of its legis other House. · lati>e bodies. What I am standing here to do is to repudiate The truth is, 1\lr. President. that a billion dollar estimate for the idea that the United States is to be burdened with an undue the working expense of the league is a conservative estimate. portion of these expenses and to repudiate the idea that these Nobody will work on the prewar prices; everybody will be on a preposterous estimates, of which the Senator now brings in European basis, under the present inflated volume of the circu another, are worthy of any consideration whatever. lating medium; and we shall do well if they ·do not proceed on Tbe League of Nations is a comparatively small and simple the basis of charges in this country when they commence to organization. It could not possibly be made simpler and smaller operate the league. - and perform its.functions. The work that is done by tbe League A billion dollars is not much money, 1\lr. President, under the of Nations under the German treaty will be largely paid for by present standards of currency. The minting value of an ounce Germany where commis ions are established eRpecially for of gold iS . 20.67. If you take an ounce of gold over to the mint Germany's benefit. _ and have it turned into coin it is worth $20.67, although it costs Germany is comr elleu to bear all those expenses, and the idea a-..good deal more than that to secure the gold from the various · of representing to intelligent people that somebody says, that forms of mining, especially from refractory ores; but the pur some little bird whispers that there are 85,000 people _to be em chasing power of an ounce of gold worth $20.67 is $9 when you ployed by the League of Nations is simply ridiculous, in view go on the market to buy with it and convert it into merchandise. of the fact that the United States, represented as Great Britain So on that basis the cost of administering the League of Nations is represented and France is represented, and othel· nations are will be something like two or two and a quarter times as much represented, they would all be equally interesteu in keeping the as has been stated. expenses within reasonable bounds. Senators can talk it, but it Of course, if it starts on an inflated basis we shall be the ones is not possible that Senators can seriously believe such matters. who pay the larger part of the cost. Money is supposed here to . Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Pr.esident, the . authority I referred to spring out of the soil spontaneously and to drop down as the was an eminent authority connected with the British Board of manna did on the children of Israel when there was a food Trade. I can not now recall his name, but he is. far from being famin~ / - 3952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ~fARCH 6, Mr. BORAH. Half the news in the newspapers is about visits· l\Ir. Sil\Il\fONS. I understood that the Senator had stated _.. to the White House. It is a very rare thing and· a still rarer before I came into the Chamber that I had had a conference. thing that the visitor sees the President when he does go there. Mr. BORAH. I have understood so; yes. Mr. President, the information which the Senator from Idaho Mr. SIMMONS. The Senator is mistaken. I ~ r had was published all over the country, and the Senator from 1\Ir. BORAH. The Senator from North Carolina has not had Virginia knows that fact. It not only went into the responsible any conference with the President? papers but it went through a responsible news organization and Mr. SIMMONS. I have not. association. Mr. BORAH. And the Senator does not know the President's Mr. GLASS. It was a totally conjectural statement, never views upon this question? theless, and entirely without foundation in truth. Mf. SIMMONS. Not from him. Mr. BORAH. The publication in the newspapers did not M~·· BORfUI. I did not suppose the Senator did from the come from the Senator from Idaho ; the publication came from Pres1den t direct. other sources ; and the Senator from Idaho got his information . Mr. SIMMONS. I do not know the President's views upon in the only way that he can get information at all in regard this question further than I have heard them discussed here in to this matter. The Senator from Virginia realizes the em the Senate; but I want to say one thing further to the Senator harassing situation of the irreconcilables; they have no friends before I ·Sit down, in reference to a part of this interview. anywhere, neither in the President nor anyone else; so they Mr. BORAH. All right. must gather their information, as the ordinary citizen gathers l\lt'. SIMMONS. I think it is said in that interview that the hiJ, from the news bureaus and from the goings and comings. President said that if the Senate could persuade anybody to Everybody understands, of course, the close relationship of the change, it had better persuade Senator LoDGE instead of him. distinguished Senator from Virginia to the President; and the I want to state that if I had seen the President I should not supposition was that when he went there he went there as a have attempted to persuade him to support the Lodge reserva confidential agent. I am glad to find the exact facts about it. tion or amendment. Now we can clear up the second proposition. My only desire Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, after all this giving of views is to get the real facts before tbe country. I am perfectly and after these statements, I am now convinced that there is no willing to accept the statement of the . Senator from Virginia possible reason for delaying action upon article 10. It has been just as he makes it and with its entire implication except as to postponed for a purpose. That purpose was to see whether or the question possibly of "decency." nt>t there could be an agreement which would be satisfactory to The United Press dispatch reads: the ratifiers and satisfactory to the President. You either know WASHINGTON, March 6. whether that agreement can be had, or. you do not know. There President Wilson sees little need , of conferring with an administra is no occasion for delaying thls matter any longer. We are will tion Senator on a possible modification of his determination in regard to reservations on article 10 and other controversial points, it became ing to come te a vote upon that proposition. known to-day. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, will the Senator state . An official close to the White House declared: whom he represents when -he says "we"? " The President told Senator GLAss what he thought about the treaty two weeks ago. Must he reiterate every day?" Mr. BORAH. "We" represent those men who stand for That the President maintains an adamantine attitude toward what Americanism and for American institutions-the irreconcilables. he terms "nullifying reservations" is indicated by another official Mr. HITCHCOCK. How many can you count on that side? comment concerning the proposed call of Senator SIMMONS at the Mr. BORAH. If you have as many as you had the other day, White House to ascertain whether the President will modify his stand: " If persuading is to be done," be said, " let them persuade Senator we have enough to defeat the treaty. 1 LODGE to change his program. Let it be remembered that it was the Mr. IDTCHCOCK. I should like to know whom the Senator President who submitted the treaty." represents when he says "we," because we 'are ~ollowing a pr~ I do not know whether that is true or not; but it comes from a gram that was laid down by the majority on the other side of reliable source of information, namely, the United Press; and the Chamber. Does he represent that Republican majority on the press organizations are represented by very active and the other side of the Chamber when he states that he is ready to capable men and have opportunities of finding out what, of take up article 10? - course, a Senator can not find out. The result is that the Senate Mr. BORAH. No; I represent, in making this statement must rely upon that information, and I do not consider it im those known as the irreconcilables. ' proper for a Senator upon the floor of the Senate to discuss those Mr. HITCHCOCK. I thought so. things which appear in the public press. I am sure the Senator Mr. BORAH. Whom does· the Senator from Nebraska repre from Virginia will conce.de that proposition, and I am now dis sent? cussing this which appears in this public press. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, I have not made any state If it is true, Mr. President, that the President does not pro ment as to what I desire. On different contingencies I repre pose to yield, then why not bring the matter to a vote and get sent different Members on this side of the Chamber; but I will this thing out of the way, and get ready for the great presidential state that I do not sympathize with the statement made by the campaign? If it is true that the President does propose to Senator from Idaho that it is rather a waste of time fOr us to modify his position, then why not get ready to vote? It all consider these unimportant modifications that have been dis turns upon that proposition. It does not make any difference cussed here, and I can see that it might be possible to shorten what the Senator from Virginia says or what any other Senator the discussion by coming immediately, or the first thing next says. \Ve all know that, whether it can be stated as an actual week, say, to article 10. I desire to say to the Senator, however fact or not, the thing is waiting upon what the final view of the that not only were we not responsible for the delay in coming t~ President shall be. If that is known now, let us act. If it can article 10, but, if we had been responsible, it would not be be not be known, we must act without it; and why not act now? cause of any desire on our part to find out what the President's What I rose to ask was that we proceed to article 10 and settle attitude is upon that article. We are ready on this side to vote this controversy. This other course is mere wasting of time in on article 10 at an early date, and it will not be necessary to considering such immaterial matters as to whether or not Con find out what are the President's views. It will be sufficient to gress will pay under a moral obligation or a legal obligation, find out what are the views of Democrats on this side of the because we will pay just the same under either. The great con aisle. troversy arises over article 10, which the President says is the Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, if it is not nece sary to fino out heart of the covenant, and to remove it is to destroy the cove what 'are the views of the President, how much· longer will it nant. It is a simple question of whether he proposes to modify take the Senator to find out what are the views of those on his position or not. If that can be known, or if it is known, that side of the Chamber? there is no possible reason for delaying this matter another 48 Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, I hav~ presented the offer hours after Sunday. of 40 Democratic Senators with regard to article 10. Those 40 1\fr. SIMMONS. 1\fr. President- Senators-and I think there are others-will accept either one . Mr. BOR~ill. I yield. of two compromises on article 10 which have been printe of course, they will remain against it. I do not say .that in dis- I think the Senate will bear me witness that I have occupied, paragement of the Senators who are for ratification. · You are since this treaty bas been up, very little time. I do not believe just _as irreconcilable as we are. I have occupied an hour altogether. I have made no ~peeches. You are irreconcilable unless you can have your particular The Sen~tor from Nebraska [Mr. HrrcHcocK] hus star·teu a kind of a reservation. We are irreconcilable unless we can have debate on every single reservation which has come up, on every our particular kind of a treaty, which is no treaty at all; but you point, no matter how trivial. If he wants to expedite matters, will not yield an inch farther, as I .understand. If you. can not why should he· not allow us -to go to a vote, without starting a get the two reserYations which you have offered~what is known debate as each one comes along? I am willing to vote on ti..Je:;;e as the Taft reservation, which has been adopted by our friends reservations, one after another, just ·as rapic11y as we can uo it. over there, or the other reservation-then you say that there One word as to the differe·nces. - are sufficient votes upon the other side of the Chamber, together Mr. President, there aresome Senators on this side who, as a _with the Senators upon this side who are opposed to it, to kill matter of profound conviction, are not willing to vote for thi~ the treaty. treaty in any form. There. are others here, a majority of the Mr. President, if that is true, why need we spend another 1 ·senators on this side, who would be glad to ratify the treaty if ·hour here in delaying business which ought to be transacte~? 1 the principles of the Lodge reservations are preserved, and Who And that is the reason why, apparently, this time for the last . would not stand ont on a mere question of phraseology. But on two weeks h4s been utterly wasted. If it has not been for the the principle involved in article 1Q-I think I am expressing the purpose of ascertaining whether or not this treaty would be views of all of my colleagues-we do not propose to yield~ We deposited if ratified, then that time has been wasted upon the mean to get lid of any obligation under the second reservation. other side just as much as it has been wasted upon this side. which covers article 10. We have not stood out against changes I had supposed that it was for that purpose; but, if it is not for of phraseology, and do not now; but on the principle involved in that purpose, then there has been no purpose at all behind it.- article 10 we shall not yield, in my judgment, and I think I Mr. HITCHCOCK. 1\lr. President-- represent them all. Mr. BORAH. I yield. The Senator from Nebraska bas never offered a compromise. Mr. HITCHCOCK. The Senator refers to us as irreconcil- He has offered two forms of reservation, which both yield anu abies. An irreconcilable is one who will not compromise at all. cllange the principle involved in the second reservation. We have offered two compromises upon this vital article. Does As to what the President may think, I do not know, and I do the Senator think that ;ve should offer more than two at the not think anybody else knows, and I have no-means of informing same time? We haye not even said that those were the only myself; but .that is our .position here. If I could have my way two that we would accept. ·we are willing to .consider any I would vote on these reservations just as rapidly as possiule. compromise that may be offered from the other side on that I think the quickest way is to finish those that remain, and, if article, but those two we are agreed upon among ourselves, if the Senate wants to get. quickly to the entl and reach· artide 10, offered from the othet· side. to stop debate on these unimportant reservations, and get tlwre. 1\Ir. BORAH. You are willing to considet· any reservation Mr. REED. Mr. President, just to finish one topic that has which may be offered ex<>ept the reservation which has been ueen discussed, and do it in a moment, I want to call attention adopted? to the statements that have been made that the expenses of the Mr. HITCHCOCK. We are willing to consider, as I have League of Nations are going to be very small: .. stated, any compromise of a radical difference on a v~tal matter I think a man who will undertake to •prophesy what these for the purpose of meeting the popular demand for a ratification. expenses may be has a great deal of temerity. I find, in readin~ ~Ir. BORAH. Is the Senator willing to vote for a reservation the proceedings of the council of the League of Nations,-some which destroys the obligation covered by article 10 and make information which I think throws a little light on that qi.tes:. it depend entirely upon the action of Congress? tion, and which indicates how far the council of the League of l\1r. HITCHCOCK. No. Natio~s is now proposing to go. Mr. BORAH. \Veil, then, that is the proposition. Seiior Leon ~mbmitted to the executive council of the League of Na- l\1r. HITCHCOCK. That is one proposition. That is the tions the following conclusions: · irreconcilable proposition. . "(a) To submit to the council proposals for the formation of a per- - ·. BORAH. No·, that is not the irreconci'lable pr·oposition . . manent organization, as part of the organization of the League of ]\rr Nations, concerning communications and transits. These Senators over here say that they are opposed to article "(b) · To prepare, for the submission to this organization, drafts of 10 so long as any part of the obligation is permitted to stand; general international conventions wi th regard to - tt·ansit, waterways, ports, and railways, if possible .. that the execution of article 10 must be determined alone by " (c) Provisionally, and until the organization has been forme<.J, to Co11gress, but if there is an obligation left in it they are.opposed advise op. questions which the council may think fit to submit to it, to it; and they are just as much opposed to that as we are and whieh fall within the jurisdiction of the League of Nations under the terms of article 23 of the covenant of the league, and of the articles opposed to the treaty, accor d ing tq their statement. Now, in th~> varions peace treatie relating to ports, waterwayl'l, and rail- therefore, if you can not offer a.ny reservation whlch maintains ways." · the obligation, you can not make any reservation which does not, * * * * "' and why continue this delay? S-e fior DaCunha submitted the following resolution: " That in view of the duties imposed upon the league by article 2:1 1\l.r. HITC H CocK. Is the Senator from Iuaho, an irrecon- (f) and article 25 the council iuvlte$1 t he health commission, which cilable, authorized to speak for the mild reservationists? has already met informally on the initiative of the British Government, :Mr. BORAH. No; I am" an onlooker in Vienna." t.o constitute a conference by adding to its members a small numhn of ...- .. HITCHCOCK. I hope, then, that the Senator· ...., ·u not international health experts with an offi cial of the league as secretary. l\J. 1 " 1 The conference will prepare for sui.Jmission to the council proposais undertake to state anything except his construction of their concerning the institution of a permanent body, to whom the council position. . can refer for advice and, if necessary, for action all questious connect ed Mr. BOllAH. I am taking it from what is found in the with the execuUon of the above-mentioned articles." OoNGRESSIONAL llECO.RD and what they have stated over and Again it is recited that the following propositions a l·e under over again. The able Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. LENROOT] con. ideration, and Mr. Balfour, in this connection, speaks: stated just a few days ago that if there \Yas any change in the The council of the League of Nations shall conv<'ne an intem iltional substance of the reservation the treaty could not be ratified. conference, witll a view to studying the financial crisis and to loo l< for If we are not fio-htino" over substance, what are \Ve fightin2: ove.r',l the means of ·remedying it and of litigating the da nger ous co nseouen C',!S 0 ~ arising from it. ' If there can be no change in substance, why delay voting upon A commission composed of membel·s of the council nominated. hy the 'the proposition? I am not undertaking to speak for these gentle: President is insh·ucted to summon tbe States chiefly concern.<' u to tbi:i men. I am simply repeating what they have said many times conference to convene it at the earliest possible date. here upon the floor, an or -three of its meetings, is undertaking questions which involve just as much as the· Roman triumvirate ran the world, exceJ;>t ' a control, for instance, of international sanitation and health. America, and they are too in:fluential here. We do not know' If you ever started a movemet of that kind, there is no -telling what they may do with Turkey, but it is seriously -pTopo eu to ho\v many billions of dollars it would cost. . put Turkey under a mandate of the League of Nations. If that Moreover, it has been suggested time and again that the League is done, if the morning papers are to be credited, it ""ill not be, of Nations shall itself become the mandatory in Turkey. It long before there will have to be an international force ini has been Buggested that it become the mandatory in Armenia. Turkey. Indeed, 1\Ir. Balfour, I believe it was, a few days ago, It has been suggested that there shall be placed under the League in speaking of the budget submitted to the British Parliament, of Nations F'iume and other countries. Mr. President, when we stated that one item was for the policing and the control ofi embark upon this field we may as well prepare for the expendi Turkey, and he said that burden would rest upon the British' ture of sums of money which are now _incalculable. That this Government until such time as it might be taken over by the I will be the course of the League of Nations no man who has League of Nations, clearly showing what was in the mind of studied its proceedings from day to day can possibly doubt. that great British statesman; and l\lr. Balfour will have his way' The Senator from Colorado [Mr. THOMAS] has just called my in the end. attention to article 399 of the treaty, which expressly provides So when anyone gets up here and talks about it as being that- ridiculous and absurd to say that \Ve are involving oursel\eS An the other expenses- morally under this treaty for enormous expenditures, I think 1 A few having been omitted- he is the one who is engaging in the very doubtfur work' or of the international labor office and of the meetings of the conference speculating_ as to the future. To talk abou,t an organization or· governing body shall be paid to the director by the secretary general that is great enough in its strength and might to control the ma of the League of Nations out of the general funds of the league. jority of the human family, and to do it without the e::-..-penditure How many men will constitute that oi·ganization, an organiza of money, seems to me to be the last word in absurdity. tion that is authorized to inquire into labor conditions in all The majority of the human family, and a vast majority of the countries of the world? Our Labor Department here, operating human family, are to be held under a state of tutelage and con under the immediate surveillance of Congress, has to-day a trol after the league is formed, just as a majority of them are swarm of agents that cover this land, and you can find some of now held to a greater or less extent under the control of other them in almost every hamlet .and village of the country. powers. The serfs of India. will still be serfs, controlled it is ' I venture the prediction-and with this I shall conclude what true directly by Great Britain, but all the vast territory that: I have to say-that it will not be six months after the League has been gathered in will either go under the direct control of of Nations is fully formed, if they get us in, before they will be some government or it will be brought under the control of the calling for an international police force, which means an. inter- league. If the league carries out the functions it professes that' . ·national army and an international navy, and that they will it will carry out, of producing equality and justice and right be. udertnking the government of large ·sections of the world. in the world, then the league must undertake to break the chains Let us see if I am not warranted in making that statement. of all those countries, whether they are rivet'ed on by Great' -The Austrian treaty, which is now before the Senate, ex Britain, by France, or by whatsoever country which may have pressly provides that Austria shall grant and maintain civil and been engaged in that kind of business. religious libE'rty to all the people within her borders; that she So you have here a question not of peccadillos and of a few shall grant equality of opportunity to all nationals within her dollars, but you have a question that may involve this country borders; that she sball 'grant equal school facilities, and that in billions of expense. Nobody can tell; power grows and feeds certain nationals shall be entitled to conduct schools ih their upon itself; and already the League of Nations council has own language. It may be that every one of those suggestions embarked on seas that we were told would never be entered. is a good one if carried out, but the carrying out of them con- l\Ir. President, I think, therefore, that this is not a small :s.tHmtes all there is of civil government. All there is· to the question. . ·G-overnment of the United States is the guaranty of civil and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing "religious liberty and of equal opportullity before the law and to the ninth reservation as amended. the protection of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 1\Ir. CURTIS. On that question I call for the yeas and nays. ~11 ,that is guara~teed now or written into the Austrian treaty, The yeas and nays were ordered. and tp.en it is provided that any violation by Austria or any :Mr. KING. 1\ir. President, I offer a substitute for the pending failure on the part of Austria to strictly comply with those con reservation, which I ask to have read. ditions shall be an international question. Thus the internal The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The proposed substitute will lwrernment of Austria. is made an international question. be read. Then it is· further provided that a majority of the council of The Reading Clerk read as follows : the League of Nations shall determine these questions. The The United States shall not be obligated to contribute to the ex-1 unanimous vote has disappeared; the majority vote takes its penses of the League of Nations or of any official thereof or of any! pla<;e. ~ow, what have you done? To all fntents and purposes. organization or commission thereunder unless and until Congress shall( have by appropriate legislation provided therefor. you have placed the complete supervision of the Government of 1 AU.st'riiJ. under the League of Nations, and every failure of the Mr. KING. 1\lr. President, the important difference, if ttltre~ Government of Austria to provide equality of right and oppor is any, between the reservation offered by the Senator from 'ttinity and to provide for the civil and religious liberty of her Massachusetts [l\lr. LonGE] and the substitute which I have just people is at once justiciable by the League of Nations. In other offered grows out of this language. The reserv-ation offered bi; words, it becomes the supreme governing body of Austria. Thus the Senator from Massachusetts provides : thE-re is brought within the direct supervision and control of the That the United States ·shall not be obligated to contribute to any I council of the League of Nations a supergovernment over all the expenses of the League of Nati-ons- internal affairs of what is left of Austria. But in addition to that the treaty with Jugo-Slavia contains And so ~orth- similar provisions, the treaty with Poland contains similar pro unless and. until an appropriation of funds available for such expenses i visions, the treaty with Roumania contains similar provisions, shall have been made by the Congress of the United States. i and the treaty with Serbia contains similar provisions. I do not That would imply, as ·I read it, that if officials were f11nc·~· kn,ow yet, and I question whether anybody else knows, exactly tioning under· authorizations theretofore given, as soon a~ how many people are in those several countries, but, as I under the appropriations ceased or had been expended then the~ stand it, there will be in the aggregate in all the countries not wculd have to cea,c:;e that function; they could no longer dis· less than 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 people. charge their duties. . Thus the government of over forty or fifty million people is, in My substitute provides that if a law shall be enacted creat) the last. analysis, placed within the control of the council of the ing these organizations, and which authorizes, of course, the· League of Nations, and in order to carry on that supergovern expenditure of money, they may proceed regardless of the fact~ ment it will be necessary to have machinery, it will be neces that the appropriation has not. been made. Senators can easily sary to ha\e an enormous force, and it will probably be very conjecture that commissions and individuals may rightfully be necessary in the immediate future to have, subject to the· juris performing duties enjoined by the league and the approptiatioli, diction of the council of the League of Nations, a military force may be limited, and yet it be understood and desired that their sufficient to maintain order and peace and to enforce the man functions .and labors shall continue beyond the period of the dates of the league council. appropriations. It seems to me that if by law we provide fo'r As I have stated, it has also been proposed and discussed to organizations and for individuals to discharge duties the law put Turkey under a mandate of the league. Whether it is being itself would impose the obli-gation of providing for the appro carried out we can uot tell, for we do not know what is in the priation, and they could continue to function, notwith tanding ' minds 9f the four or five men who are now running the world, the appropriation had been exhausted. j - 1920. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 39551 So it appears to me that the limitation expressed in the res So reservation No. 9, reported by the Committee on Foreign 1 -ervation offered by the Senator from Massachusetts is too -Relations, as amended was agreed to, as follows: severe and is improper and that a reservation which merely pro 9. The United States shall not be obligated to contribute to any ex- . vides that these functions shall be continued and these duties penses of the League of Nations, or of the secretariat, or of an:v com- ! mission, or committee, or conference, or other agency, organized under 1 performed under general law is all that we should impose in a the League of Nations or under the treaty or for the purpose of carrying reservation. out the treaty provisions, unless and until an appropriation of funds I . Mr. LODGE. The Senator is quite right in his interpretation. available for such e:xvenses shall have been made by the Congress of the The precise object of the reservation is to prevent officers of the United States: Pro-vtded, That the foregoing limitation shall not apply to the United States' proportionate share of the expenses of the office 1 United States from incurring deficits. I ask for a vote on the force and salary of the secretary general. substitute. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the sub The PRESIDENT "pro tempore. The question now is upon stitute offered by tbe Senator from Utah [Mr. KING] to reserva reservation No. 10, which the Secretary will read. tion No.9. The Reading Clerk read reservation No. 10~ reported-by the The substitute was rejected. Committee on Foreign_Relations, as follows: 10. If the United States shall at any time adopt any plan for the! The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question now is on limitation of armaments proposed by the council of the League of Nations agreeing to resen-ation No. 9 as amended, on which the yeas under the provisions of article 8, it reserves the right to increase such and nays have been ordered, and the Secretary will call the roll. armaments without the consent of the council whenever the United The Reading Clerk proceeded to call the roll. States is threatened with invasion or engaged in war. Mr. OVERMAN (when his name was called). In the absence l\1r. 'VALSH of 1\Iontana. 1\Ir. President, I merely desire to 1 of my pair, the Senator from 'Vyoming [Mr. 'VARTIEN], I with say a word in explanation of my vote on the reservation. Like hold my vote. a great many othersJ I can see no reason whatever for the res-; Mr. SPENCER (when his name was called). Making the ervatlon. Under the plan proposed by the covenant, if the· same announcement as heretofore regarding my pair and its council proposes a plan of disarmament it inust be approved by' transfer, I vote " yea." the vmious nations; and, if it is approved, thereafter arma 1\Ir. THOMAS (when his name was called). I nm informed ments can not be increased by the nations without the consent • that if my pair, the Senator from North _Dakota [Mr. 1\:lcCmr of the counciL So, whatever plan is proposed by the council, BER], were present he would support this reservation. I there it does not become binding upon the United States until that, fore feel at liberty to vote. I vote "yea." plan is accepted by the United States; and it can be accepted Mr. TOWNSEND (when his name was called). Again an by the United States only by virtue of an act of Congress. nouncing my pair with the senior Senator from Arkansas [Mr. When the question comes up upon the acceptance of the plan 1 ROBINSON] and its transfer to my COlleague [Mt•. NEWBERRY], proposed, if it does not provide that the United States may in- ' I vote '~ yea.·~ crease its armament in case it shall be at war, and the policy : The roll call was concluded. of the United States is again.St that at that time, of course they · Mr. GRONNA. I desire to anounce that the senior Senator will reject the plan of disarmament proposed. So the whole · from Wisconsin [Mr. LA FoLLETTE] is absent due to illness. If matter 1·emains in the hands of Congress, regardless of this: present, he would yote " yea." He is paired by transfer with reservation. . the Senator from Delaware [Mr. WoLCoTT]. 1\Ir. NEW. 1\Ir. President, I offer the amendment, which I ; Mr. JONES of Washington. Announcing my pair and its send to the d~:>:;:k, us a substitute for the reservation just read. transfer as heretofore, I vote "~-ea." Th~ PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read the Mr. FLETCHER. I announce my general pair with the Sena amendment, in the nature of a substitute, offered by the Senator tor from_Delaware [Mr. BALL]. Being unable to secure a trans from Indiana. fer of the pair, I withhold my vote. The Rending Clerk rend as follows: Mr. WATSON (after having voted in the affirmative). I No plan for the limitation of armaments proposed by the couneil transfer my general pair with the senior Senator from Dela of the League of Naoons under the provisions of article 8 shall be held as binuing the nited :::itates until the same shall have been ware [l\lr. WOLCO'l'T] to the senior Senator from Wisconsin accepted by Congress. [Mr. LA. FoLLETTE] and will let my vote stand. 1\Ir. GERRY. The Senator from Mississippi [:Mr. HARRISON], l\lr. NEW. 1\Ir. President, the substitute I have offered ema the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. McKELLAR], and the Senator nates from that much-di ·cussed and frequently criticized gather from Delaware [1\Ir. WoLCoTT] are abs.ent on public bnsiness. ing known as the bipartisan committee, of which I happened to Mr. CURTIS. I have been requested to announce the fol be a member. It has several times been referred to as a self lowing pairs : constituted committee. So far as I am concerned-and I think The Senator from New Jei·ser [l\Ir. EDGE] with the Senator tile same thing can be said of all others who served on that from Oklahoma [Mr. OWEN] ; · committee, at least trom this side of the Chamber-there was The Senator from Vermont [l\lr. PAGE] with the Senator from nothing self-constituted about it. I was invited to act as a Mississippi [l\lr. HAluusoN] ; member of that committee by the leader of the Republican side The Senator from Pennsylvania [l\1r. PENROSE] with the Sena and was assured that my membership on it had been ·submitted tor from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIA~rs] ; and to and discussd by at least several Senators on this side of the The Senator from Ohio [Mr. HABDING] with the Senator from Chamber, including some of the so-called irreconcilable group. Alabama [l\11'. UNDERWOOD]. With much reluctance I accepted and agreed to serve. I say The result was announced-yeas 4G, nays 2;), as follows: with reluctance, because I had previously conceived and pre viously announced convictions concerning the essential features YEAS-46. of this pact which were of such a character as led me to doubt Borah Frelinghuysen McNary Smith, Ga. very gravely whether I could ever reach an agreement with Brandegee Gore Moses Smoot Caldt>r Gronna Myers Spencer others whom I understood were to constitute the personnel of Capper Hale Nelson Sterling · the committee. Some of them-in fact, all of them-had ex Chamberlain Jones, Wash. New Sutherland pressed their views, and they were in some instances so dia Colt Kellogg Norris Thomas Cummins Kenyon Phipps Townsend metrically opposed to my own that I very gravely doubted Curtis Keyes Poindexter Wadsworth whether we could reach any agreement whatever. But, 1\Ir. Dillingham Knox Pomerene Warren President, haYing agreed to serve on that committee, I went Elkins Lenroot Reed Watson Fernald Lodooe Sherman into it in good faith. As to the essential features of the reser France McCormick Shields vations, I am of the opinion now that I was several months NAYS-25. ago when I announced my convictions on the floor of the Senate. To any alteration of them I do not, did not, and can Beckham Henderson Nugent Smith, Md. Culberson Hitchcock Overman Smith, S.C. not agree; but, Mr. President, there were some changes to Dial Johnson, S.Dak. Phelan Trammell which I did agree, and to the things to which I agreed I will Gay Jones, N.Mex. Pittman Walsh, Mont. adhere. I shall have no apology to offer for bad faith on my Gerry Kendrick Ransdell Glass Sheppard part, and I shall accept none from others who participated with Harris ~}~ly Simmons me at any time in any conference. NOT VOTING-24. The purpose of the substitute iS so obvious that I myself do Ashurst Harrison Newberry Stanley not care to say anything about it. It speaks for itself. If any Ball Johnson, Calit. Owen Swanson one else has views to express concerning it, he is at liberty so Edge La Follette Page Underwood to do, but I shall not take up the time of the Senate with a - Fall McCumber Penrose Walsh, Mass. Fletcher McKellar Robinson Williams discussion or an explanation of anything which upon its face narding McLean Smith, Ariz. Wolcott is so plain as I think the proposed substitute is. 3 i ~~~cCORUICK Mr. PrW:~:::::s~~:~~M RET~~:~::~::::ere abom the right ::::t:.·~ his seat I should like to ask him for o. w?rd .o.f ex;planation 9f~ to increase""its a:rmament~ in case of invasion or. in case of . threat~ his substitute. It appears to me that It might serve ·as a ened war. In fact, the language offered by the Senator fro~ preface to the reservation as it ori.gi.nally ·' stood, or as a sup_ple- .Indiana, if I am able to get the right idea of it, is, in effect, ex:~ ment to it, but as a substitute ' therefor it certainly does·-not · actly the terms of the present tr_eaty, unmodified. cover the ground covered by original reservation No. . 10. If The treaty provides, in article 8, as follows: the Congress of the United States accepts a limitation of arma- The counciL taking account of the geographical situation and circum· ! ments as proposed by the council of the .league, and thereafter stances of each £tate, shall formulate plans for such reduction tor the the United Stutes shall be threatened by war, it will be bound consideration and action of the several Governments. 1 by the limitations proposed by the council and theretofore ~C· ev~r~c~J>~;~rs~hall be subject to reconsideration and revision at lea~ l cepted, will it not? .After these plans shall have been adopted by the several Governments, i J\Ir. NEW. I think so; but, Mr. President, if the substitute the limits.of.armaments-therein fix.ed shall not be exceeded without the 1 is unsatisfactory to the Senator from Illinois, I am perfectly concurrence of ~he council. willing that he shall offer an amendment to it. It is a matter It was to the latter paragraph that the original Lodge reser~ j of indifference to me 1.mder the circu.mstances whether or not itt vation was germane, and the. pu~se of·that reservation was to is adopted. I agreed t.o it in the conference, and, having agreed ~ take us out of the provision of the tr~aty which provided that . 1 to it I offer it. w.hen we had accepted the plan of the council for a reductio~ 1 l\1~. McCORMICK. I think the Senator ought to explain the limit so fixed should not be exceeded without the concur· : whether he thinks it falls short of original reservation No. 10 renee of the council. in providing for freedom of action by the Congress to arm the Mr. President, the Senator :fi:om Montana [Mr. WALSH] country in the event of future danger; and if it does not .fall states that in his opinion this reservation is entirely unneces· short, I think he ought to explain why he thinks it does not. sary, because when the council suggests a J>lan for disarmament, 1\Ir. NEW. I do not think it falls materially short of the if Congress does not like the provision in the plan, it need not ' Qricinal reservation. I am ready and willing to vote for it. accept it. But the plan which may be suggested by the council , Mr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President, the Senator iTom In- may contain n~ provisions at all as to exceeding the limits fixed ·· diana, if I understood him correctly, stated that the proposed by the council, or anything else of that kind. The plan pre· , substitute offered by him was agreed to in the confru·enca. Is sented by the council .may not treat at all of the questions which he able to state whether or not it was unanimously agreed to? the treaty· itself discusses. The wo1·d "plan" is a very vague l\f-r. NEW. I think I can; I remember that no objection was word. They may say· in their plan that it is recommended that. expressed at the time. When I say "agreed to," Mr. Presi- each nation reduce its Navy by 10 per cent as measured in dent, if the Senator will permit me, I should like to make clear tonnage, or its troops by a certain number, measured in nnm. exactly what I mean by that. It was distinctly understood bers, or its artillery, its guns, by such a number, or measured in among those who participated in the conference that their any other way, and say nothing more, in which case the treaty,, agreement bound nobody else to anything; that an noreement provision applies. So it seems to me that if this country wants , amongst themselves meant simply this, and nothing more: That to preserve the right to increa-se its fleet or its Anny in view,l they would recommend to their colleagues on this floor that the of war o.r invasion to arise in the future, without going to the. substitutions for the reservations presented from the Foreign council as a suppliant for permission .so to do, now is the time Relations Committee should.be accepted. That was as far as to say so; but, as I say, the substitute proposed by the Senator they were to go. They assumed no authority whatever; they from Indiana is ·simply a .return to the treaty without any recognized that they had none. It was merely, as I ha:ve said, reservation whatevru·. so far as I was concerned-and I think I can say as much, in Mr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for fact, I know I can, for tho.se who served on that committee a question? · at, Jeast from this side of the Chamber-it was a good-faith Mr. BRANDEGEE. Certainly. effort to reach an agreement. . Mr. TOWNSEND. I do not understand the substitute offered Mr. B~1DEGEE1 1\Ir. President, I was moved to ask the by the Senator from Indiana as does the Senator from Con question by the fact that the Senator had used the language that necticut. I take it that the object Of any reservation on this it was the agreement of the compromise conference committee, subject is to give the United Stutes some controlling voice in and I thought it was pertinent to ascertain exactly what that reference to its own armaments. I also take it that one of the meant, because, as I had understood from some statements made, most essential things to be don·e in the world looking to peace I think, by the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HITCHCOCK] the is the control of armaments. Now, if this provision is to the other day, the word "agreement" should be taken in a special effect that no limitation of armaments that may be ndopted sense; that such understandings or agreements as were arrived shall be binding upon the United States unless and until. it is at by the members of that conference were only tentative, and approved by the Congress, why have we not obtained an that only in the event that they made an agreement and dissolved we are seeking to obtain in hating any reservation at all on peacefully, so to speak, were they to be bound by the agreement, this subject, finally giving the United States Congress the and then only to i:he extent of recommending; but that inasmuch right to approve or disapprove before it is bound by the action u.s they had broken up by a failure to agree upon article 10 and of the council? the Monroe doctrine, therefore he did not consider that there was Mr. BRANDEGEE. For the reason that a certain pacifist even a tentative agreement amongst them, and, as tJ:.e Senator Congress, if you please-if we shall ever be cursed with one from Ma~achusetts [1\Ir. LonGE] sta.ted, ~~e whole thing fell by again-might adopt some plan proposed by a pacifist council of th~ way~:nde. So that whatever t.J;le mten'tlon of t~e members of the League of Nations, and ·then we might regret it at the next thi.s conference may have been 1f they had ult1mate~y gotten session of Congress, and the country might be confronted with together and agreed to go ont and recommend to therr respec· an entirely different situation than it was confronted with when tive factio~s in the Chamber .here the adoption of t~eir views, the previous Congress had accepted the plan recommended by fue ~here was m fact no _agreement to recommend anything.. That council, in which case this great, sovereign Nation would have 1s as ~ understand 1t. ~ do n?t ~ow whether tha.t IS ~e lost its ability to defend itself, and would have to go hat in hand way the Senator from Indian~ [Mr. NEw~ understands It o; ~ot. to Geneva to get the permission of 8 or 10 foreign Governments- So m~ch f?r that, .l\Ir. Presrdent. Oommg now to the. ongi~ our rivals, and possibly our secret enemies-before we coulu reservation, 1t h~s already bee~ ~ted by the ~ecre~ary, but, m- build another battleship or add a regiment of troops to our asmuch as I desiTe to con~rast It ~th the modification presen~d Army. Those who drew the original reservation, seeing that dan ~Y th~ Senator from Indiana, I Will take the liberty of readmg ger, put in the reservation so that if we ·were threatened with 1t agum. It reads as follows: invasion or in time of war we need not humiliate ourselve by If the United States shall at a.ny tim-e adopt any plan for the limita· croinO' to this international concern and getting their permi 'ion tion of armament.:; proposed by the council of the League of Nations un- o . 0 ·d f oer the provisions of article 8 it reserves the right to increase such to mcrease our e ense. armaments without the consent of the council whenever the United 111r. KELLOGG. Mr. Presiaent, I think there is sorue misun· States is threatened with invasion o.r engaged in war. derstanding about this reservation. row, if I may be pardoned for saying so, the substitute or In the first place, ordinarily the President and the Senate may modification offered by the Senator tr.om Indiana does not ~m enter illto a treaty limiting armaments. To be sure, Congress to me 1:0 be germane to that reservation at all. The substitute can violate the treaty and increase L'l.e armaments at any time provides as follows: it sees fit, as it can violate or abrogate any treaty; but, ordinarily, No plan for the limitation of armaments proposed by the council of if we were goinO' to enter into an agreement limiting armaments, the League of Nations under the provisions of article 8 shall be held as . b d 0 b t t 1t ·t b d · b t. t b binding the United States until the same shall have been accepted by It would _e one Y a rea Y· mus e one Y a rea Y e· Congress. tween natwns. ' 1920.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- - SEN~t\:_TE. 3957 A hundred years ago we- entered into an agreement: with Great or are threatened with invasion, if the council proposed a tr'eaty Britain limiting armaments upon the Great Lakes. To be sure, limiting our armament, and we accepted it, of course article the treaty took the form of a:n exchange of notes, but those- notes 8 of the- treaty would apply; but when that is proposed to us were ratified by the- Senate of the United States and that treaty the :President and the Senate or the- Congress, whlcheve1· acL, has been lived up to, and I have- no doubt whatever that under can say, "We accept the treaty on the condition that our arma the treaty-making power the President and the Senate may enter ment shall remain in time of peace as suggested by the council,_ into such a treaty. but in. case ot threatened invasion Ol' war we reserve the right Mr. LODGE. But in the case of such a treaty, of course, we to increase our armament as we please." We can either do it could put in any conditions we- chose. now, or Congress· can do it then. Mr. KELLOGG. Any conditions we chose. Now, if an agree M:r. REED. I put this to the Sena.tor as a lawyer, and he ment should be reached in the-league, and it should be proposed has a very di tinguisl'led and merited reputation as a lawyer. to the several Governments for ratification, this Government We are now making a primary contract. 'Ve are now making eouid attach any eonditicins or reservations it saw fit, just ex a treaty. In this treaty we agree to the policy of disarmament. aetly- as we are attaching conditions arrd reservations to this In this treaty we agree that the council shall prepare a. plan treaty. of disarmmnent. Suppose the councii does pt·epare the plans There was some- doubt in the- minds of ~orne Senators as to and fixes the size or the. Army or the United States at 100,000~ whether the several Governments ratifYing the proposal of the We come now to the third step. We are to agree to that league would a1::ttlrrough the-treaty-making power or act through recommendati-on. Is it certain th.at at that time we have any their legislative bodies. I thffik, oFdinarily, the Governments option left, undeli this: treaty which. is already made, ex.cept would act through the- treaty-making power·; but to remove that either to acce-pt or reject 'f The treaty is a concluded thing. Let doubt this reservation-was proposed and has been submittea by us assume th:1t there. might be a doubt about it and that ther~ tile Senatnr frem Indiana [l\ft. NEw], malting it clear that the might be a. questi~n raised. lf the Senator were drawing this re-presentative of this- Government must be the Congress of the conti:act for one of his own elients,. would: he not put in at this United l::1ta:tes in5tead of the treaty-making power, to wit, the time some· appropriate language to s.bow that he reserved to President andi the Senate. his client at, the time or acceptance the ri-ght to attnch con If the President and the Senate, when they- aecepted sucfi a ditions? tJ:eaty, could amend it or place a reservation upon it which pl'o J\.1r. KELLDGG. I think. that we ha-ve the perfect right, when vided that we could" increase OUr armaments at any time- during this p-roposed treaty limiting armament is sent to the Congress, hostilities or under the- threat of" invasion, the Congress- can do to ratify it or refuse to rattcy- it except with amendments- and it when ft ratifies tire agree-ment, or the Congress can say, "The conditions, and if I were to be one of the Congress at that United States wil1 not reduce its armaments to- the- extent that time 1 should want other conditions than are proposed by the the League of Nation.shas recommended; it will reduse the Army first reservation. but not the Navy." It is entirely, then, I believe, in the- hand's of Mr. WALSH of 1\lontana. Mr~ President-- tl1e Congress of tile United State$ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does· the S'enat'or from 1\Ir. REED. Mr. President-- Minnesota -yield to the Senator from Montana? The PRESIDENT pro tem-pore~ Does the Senator from l\fr. KELLOGG. In just a moment I will yield to the Senator: Minnesota yield: to. the s·enator from: Missouri? This reservation as it was proposed· simply provides. that in l\1r. KELLOGG. I yield for a question. the ca. e of threatened! invasion oF when. we a.re engaged in l\fr. REED. I regard this as a vitally important question., war we resenve the right to increase our armament. r think and I am anxious to get the Sena.tor's· view. Will he allow me there is another reservati-on thatr Congress v;rould want to pu.t to-state my case just in a word? on at the time~ Suppose we agreed with the great powers of Mr. KELLOGG. I will. Europe--England, France, and. Italy--limiting armaments, and Mr. REED. Article 8 reads in pa:rt as follows-: the South American countries we:&e not parties to it or Japan After these plans shall have b~n ad-opted by the several G<>v~rn was not a party to it; although non£ of those countries- were ments, the limits o:t armaments therein. fixed! shall not be exceeded engaged in war with us or th1·eatened invasion of our territory, without the concun:ence of the council. we might write a reservation that if other countries increased If these plans can be adopted hy the President without the· con': their: armament we should have a right to do it, notwithstanding cu:·rence of Congr~s, then. the· moment he would accept the the agreement -of the league. So if you are seeking complete obligation of article 8 w~uld attach,. of course.. If the plans protection, we are not getting it by the first reservation any can be adopted. by the President anli the Senate conjointly, more than we are by the one proposed by the Senator from the moment they agree the article. becomes binding. If the Indiana [M~ NEw]., for I believe that the Congress may impose plans are aecepted by the countil, the moment they. agree the any conditions it sees :fi.t or- refuse to ratify the agreement. article becomes binding and it is a completed: contract. Would 1\fr. McCORMICK. l\1r. President-- not tha.t be the case::· Mr. KELLOGG. If the SenatoJ; from Monmna wm: pard.on Mr. KELLOGG. Yeff~ me, I will yield to the Senator from Illinois for just a moment. Mr. REED. Now, it the Senator: will allow me. to proceed 1Ur. McCORMICK. I asked some time ago permission of· the to the next proposition,. we· theru have a: binding contract. Senator from Minnesota to interjeet, merely in order tha.t I Whether it is made by the President, or o-y the Pr_e~ident an:d might have an amen I