Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 22e28
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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
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Original article Taxonomic review of the genus Zeiraphera Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Korea, with description of a new species
Sat-Byul Shin a, Bong-Kyu Byun b,* a Natural Environmental Restoration Institute, Daejeon, South Korea b Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea article info abstract
Article history: This study was carried out to review the genus Zeiraphera in Korea. In this study, a total of eight species of Received 10 December 2015 the genus Zeiraphera, belonging to the tribe Eucosmini, were recognized from Korea, with description of Received in revised form a new species, Zeiraphera subvirinea sp. nov. The wing patterns, and male and female genitalic structures 30 December 2015 for the known species of the genus are examined and redescribed. Key for the species is given. Known Accepted 31 December 2015 food plants and life histories, when available, were reviewed and listed. Available online 8 January 2016 Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Keywords: Eucosmini creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Korea new species Tortricidae Zeiraphera
Introduction 1993). The members of the genus usually have one generation a year and hibernate in the egg stage (Medvedev 1987). The genus Zeiraphera belongs to the tribe Eucosmini, which is The first record of the genus Zeiraphera in Korea was Zeiraphera the second largest tribe in the subfamily Olethreutinae under the griseana (Hübner), which was listed in the “List of Forest Insect family Tortricidae with more than 1600 described species of 116 Pests in Korea” (Ko 1969). Park (1983a,b) made a list with only one genera worldwide (Brown 2005). As we well know, the family known species from Korea. Park and Ahn (1987) reported a newly Tortricidae comprises small to medium-sized moths. Due to their recorded species from Korea, Zeiraphera fulvomixtana Kawabe. unique sitting posture, they are called as bell moths. Byun and Park (1992) added a species, Zeiraphera virinea Falkovitsh The members of the genus Zeiraphera have a wide host ranges, as new to Korea. Recently, Byun (2011) reported a species, Zeir- mainly Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Abies sp. (Pinaceae), and various aphera lariciana Kawabe, 1980, for the first time from North Korea, coniferous trees (Bradley et al 1979; Ford 1949; Issiki and Mutuura based on the material of Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1961; Liu and Pai 1977; Styles 1959; Suzuki and Komai 1984; Oku Budapest, Hungary (HNHM). Later, Byun et al (2014) added a newly 1961). Their larvae tie needles or roll leaves of forest plants. They recorded species, Zeiraphera subcorticana (Snellen 1883), and the often attack the various plant species in forests and parks. For genus comprising seven species from Korea was known to date. example, the Spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana (Saxesen However, there is no comprehensive review of the genus to date. 1840), is a notorious pest of coniferous trees, including Picea Therefore, this study was aimed to clarify the fauna of the genus in sitchensis (Bong) Carr., Picea smithiana, Pinus sylvestris (Wall.) Boiss., Korea and enumerate them with taxonomic arrangement and all Pinus pinea (Linn.), and Abies cephalonica (Loudon), from Europe to available material with data. East Russia. The larvae penetrate into the buds, feed on the needles, In the present study, the genus Zeiraphera in the Korean and move onto the growing point. Females sometimes attack the peninsula was critically reviewed with a description of a new blossom, causing severe damage to the young cone (Carroll et al species. In addition, the North Korean material of the genus was examined, based on the material of HNHM, when the second author visited HNHM in 2006. * Corresponding author. In this paper, a total of eight species are recognized from Korea, E-mail address: [email protected] (B.-K. Byun). including a new species. All the known species are enumerated Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2015.12.011 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). SB Shin, BK Byun / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 22e28 23 with illustration of available adult, male, and female genitalia, - Forewing ground color not suffused gray color providing the identification keys. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5 (5) Forewing ground color dark yellowish green in male, more tinged with yellowish orange in female Materials and methods $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Z. fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974 - Forewing ground color of forewing with ochreous suffusions Most specimens examined herein were collected mainly by light $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 7 traps or sweeping nets in the field and are now preserved in the (6) Forewing with medial area dark brownish triangle entomological collection of Department of Biological Science & $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Z. virinea Falkovitsh, 1965 Biotechnology, Hannam University, Dajeon, Korea (EHNU). Besides - Forewing with thick tornal dash dark brownish, apex the specimens collected, all available specimens in the main col- blackish brown dot $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Z. subvirinea sp. nov. lections of Korea National Insect Collection, Korea National Arbo- (7) Ground color of forewing creamy, slightly glossy, with pale retum, Pocheon, Korea (KNIC); National Academy of Agricultural ochreous suffusions and similar or brownish strigulation Science, Wanju, Korea; Center for Insect Systematics, Kangwon $$$$$$$$$$$$$$Zeiraphera rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer 1847) National University, Chuncheon, Korea (CIS/KNU); and HNHM were - Forewing ground color deep ochreous suffusions and ante- also examined. medial area dark brown$$$$$$$$$$$$Z. lariciana Kawabe, 1980 For the morphological examination, external characters including head, thorax, wing pattern, venation, and genitalia of Zeiraphera demutana (Walsingham 1900) 참나무애기잎말이나방 both sexes were carefully examined with a stereomicroscope (ZEISS Crocidosema demutana Walsingham, 1900: 441. TL: Japan. 2000-C, Carl Zeiss AG, Göttingen, Germany). All the known taxa Zeiraphera demutana: Byun et al, 1996: 194-196. from Korea are redescribed and revised with recent taxonomic treatment, including their distributional range, localities of each Adult (Figure 1A). Wingspan 16e20 mm. Antenna dark brown. species, and biological information. Head creamy white; vertex covered with rough scale light yellow. Dissection and slide mounting methods for genitalia were Labial palpus white; median segment dark brown with rough scales similar to those of Holloway et al (1987). Characters of the geni- apically, and outer surface irrorated with grayish brown. Forewing talia and wings were examined with a stereomicroscope (Leica rectangular, with creamy ground color, with the exception of patch M205 A, Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) at 7.8e area dark brown color. From apex to costal margin with short string 160 . of white, large whitish ellipse near costa. Basal area greenish white, inner margin of medial area white patch with claviform dark brown spot. Hindwing yellowish brown. Taxonomic accounts Male genitalia (Figure 2A). Uncus short, triangular, apex emarginated terminally. Socii broad and drooping. Gnathos Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 weak1y sclerotized. Valva slender, curved, with long scale-like Family Tortricidae Latreille, 1803 hairs on its outer surface; sacculus narrow with rough hairs; Subfamily Olethreutinae Walsingham, 1895 cucullus long, roundly prominent, narrow before apex. Aedeagus Genus Zeiraphera Treitschke, 1829 broad and short; comuti a bunch of numerous transparent Type species: Tortrix corticana Hübner, [1813] spines. ¼ Sinusia Caradga, 1916: 61. Female genitalia (Figure 3A). Papillae anales flat, oblong with ¼ Charlotta Forbes, 1923: 379. long and short hairs. Apophyses posteriores two times as long as apophyses anteriores. Sterigma cup shaped. Ductus bursae with Antenna with scales on dorsal and ventral parts of the flagellum, sclerotized area near sterigma. Corpus bursae with two signa very vertex with slightly regular short and long scales. Labial palpus well sclerotized, conical. curved upward slightly, broadened medially, narrowed beyond Material examined.
Figure 1. Adult of habitus of the members of Korean Zeiraphera.A,Z. demutana (Walsingham 1900); B, Z. fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974;C,Z. griseana (Hübner 1799); D, Z. lariciana Kawabe, 1980;E,Z. rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer 1847); F, Z. subcorticana (Snellen 1883); G, Z. subvirinea sp. nov.; H, Z. virinea Falkovitsh, 1965.
tornus a bit brighter than other areas. Basal area pale brownish Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner 1799) 회색솔애기잎말이나방 mixed with white and yellow scales. Tortrix griseana Hübner, 1799: 21. TL: Europe. Male genitalia (Figure 2B). Uncus acuminate, triangular. Socii and Steganoptycha disertana Caradja, 1916: 68. TL: Mongolia. valva spatulate. Saccular margin strongly curved and waved. Basal Sphaleroptera diniana Guenée, 1845: 167. TL: France. process rounded. Aedeagus as long as tegumen. Poecilochroma occulatana Douglas, 1846, Zoologist 4: 1267. TL: Female genitalia (Figure 3B). Papillae anales smaller than other Great Britain. species. Ostium bursae rounded. Ductus bursae as long as corpus Grapholitha pinicolana Lienig & Zeller, 1846, Isis von Oken (Leipzig) bursae, slightly widened beyond middle. Corpus bursae ovate, with 1846, (3): 242. TL: Livlandia/Kurlandia. two corn-shaped signa. Zeiraphera griseana: Park, 1983, Ins. Koreana 3: 37. Material examined.
Figure 2. Male genitalia of Zeiraphera.A,Z. demutana (Walsingham 1900); B, Z. fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974;C,Z. griseana (Hübner 1799); D, Z. lariciana Kawabe, 1980;E, Z. rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer 1847); F, Z. subcorticana (Snellen 1883); G, Z. subvirinea sp. nov.; H, Z. virinea Falkovitsh, 1965.
Female genitalia (Figure 3C). Papillae anales narrow with Adult (Figure 1D). Wingspan 14 mm. Antenna, head, palpus numerous hairs. Apophyses posteriores two times longer than blackish brown. Labial palpus shorter than other species. Thorax apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae ovate with a signum. dark yellowish brown. Forewing with costa gently curved toward Material examined.
Figure 3. Female genitalia of Zeiraphera.A,Z. demutana (Walsingham 1900); B, Z. fulvomixtana Kawabe, 1974;C,Z. griseana (Hübner 1799); D, Z. rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer 1847); E, Z. virinea Falkovitsh, 1965.
Distribution. Korea (North), China, Japan. Steganoptycha imprimata Caradja, 1916: 60. TL: Russia. Host plant. Unknown. Steganoptycha imprimata var. lavata Caradja, 1916: 61. TL: Russia Remarks. This species was reported for the first time from Korea (Primorsky). by Byun (2011). Zeiraphera subcorticana: Byun et al, 2014: 389.
Zeiraphera rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer 1847) 꼬마전나무애기 Adult (Figure 1F). Wingspan 11 mm. Antenna and thorax blackish 잎말이나방 brown. Forewing with costa slightly arched to the apex. Forewing Coccyx rufimitrana Herrich-Schäffer, 1847: 220. TL: Austria, with a broad whitish basal patch developed on the near middle of Germany. the dorsum and a whitish small spot at the end of cell toward costa. Zeiraphera truncate Oku, 1968: 229 TL: Japan. Hindwing light grayish brown, a bit darkened along the apex. Zeiraphera rufimitrana: Byun et al, 1996: 196. Male genitalia (Figure 2F). Tegumen moderate. Uncus very short, triangular in outline, blunt terminally. Socii tongue shape with Adult (Figure 1E). Wing span 12e16 mm. Head pale brown, labial numerous long hairs, rounded terminally. Transtillae weak, membra- palpus gold brown third segment light yellow color. Forewing nous. Valva golf club shaped bearing numerous long and strong hairs ground color creamy, pale ochreous mixed with brown scales, dark along the ventral margin of the cucullus, basal opening ovate, slightly brown basal dash, apex with dark brownish dot. Antemedial with narrowed at 1/3 ventrally, rather broadened downwardly near middle darkish brown band. Costal 1/4 point pale yellow spot. Hindwing of the ventral margin, then slightly narrowed near the apex; sacculus dark brown in color, cilia much paler along termen. narrow with a bundle of short hairs on basal margin. Aedeagus stout, Male genitalia (Figure 2E). Terminal part of tegumen protruding; narrowed toward apex, with a bundle of cornuti in the vesica. sacculus hardly convex; neck of valva indistinct; cucullus gradually Female genitalia. Unknown. taperingtermination, convexcaudally, withindistinct proximalangle. Material examined.[GW]1_, Mt Eungbong, Inje, Province Female genitalia (Figure 3D). Papilla analis long, oblong. Gangweondo, Korea, 24 VII 2013 (leg. B.K. Byun), gen. slide Apophyses posteriores twice as long as apophyses anteriores. Ste- no.-4057-coll. EHNU. rigma sclerotized, cup shaped. Ductus bursae with sclerotized part. Distribution. Korea (South), China, Japan, Russia (Siberia). Corpus bursae with two signa; one signum thumb shaped and the Host plant. Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom. (Aceraceae), other corn shaped. Acer palmatum Thunb. (Aceraceae), and Acer pictum subsp. Mono Material examined.
Diagnosis. This species is very similar to Z. virinea Falkovitsh, but Acknowledgments differs in having rather greenish scales of the forewing and the uncus with slightly divided into two horn-shaped structures. We thank Dr L. Ronkay, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Adult (Figure 1G). Wingspan 16 mm. Head whitish gray, vertex Budapest, Hungary, for his help in examining the North Korean covered with grayish brown scales, bright ochreous. Labial palpus specimens. We are also grateful to Mr S.J. Roh and Miss D.S. Kim, bright creamy white, fraction mixed with dark brown: scales of Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Hannam University, for their second segment as long as third segment, third segment with short help in collecting specimens and taking their images. This study and white scales. Thorax with scales almost transparent and spar- was conducted with the financial support of the Korean Science and kled. Forewing ground color yellowish white spread greenish Engineering Foundation (Project No. 2011-0007026). scales. Costa with small black dots. From 2/3 of inner margin to apex brown color similar right-angled triangle. Tornus with green shade, basal area rather greenish. Hindwing ground yellowish References brown, anal margin dark greenish brown. Male genitalia (Figure 2G). Uncus short triangular, slightly Bae YS, Byun BK, Kim MS. 2012. Insect fauna of Korea, Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepi- divided terminally, showing two horns. Socii quadrate in shape. doptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae Leafroller Ⅲ, Vol. 16, No. 3. Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources. Valva long and thin, two times as long as tegumen, peanut shaped. Bradley JD, Tremewan WG, Smith A. 1979. The British Tortricidae moths, Tortricidae: Sacculus thin, semitriangular. Aedeagus short with a dozen of fili- Olethrutinae. London: British Museum. form cornuti in vesica. Brown JW. 2005. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In: Brown JW, editor. World catalogue of insects, Vol. 5. Stenstrup: Apollo books. pp. 1e741. Female genitalia. Unknown. Byun BK. 2011. Two species of the subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tor- Distribution. Korea (North, endemic). tricidae) new to the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14: Host plant. Unknown. 155e157. fi Byun BK, Bae YS, Lee BY. 1996. Korean species of the genus Zeiraphera. Korean Etymology. The speci c name of the new species is derived from Journal of Applied Entomology 35:193e198. the allied species, Z. virinea Falkovitsh, 1965. Byun BK, Kim DS, Shin YM. 2014. A newly recorded species of the genus Zeiraphera Treitschke (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodi- e Zeiraphera virinea Falkovitsh, 1965 녹색점애기잎말이나방 versity 7:388 390. Byun BK, Park KT. 1992. Nine species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea. Zeiraphera virinea Falkovitsh, 1965: 429 TL: Russia (Primorye). Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 8:201e210. Zeiraphera virinea: Byun and Park, 1992:204. Carroll AL, Lawlor MF, Quiring DT. 1993. Influence of feeding by Zeiraphera cana- densis, the spruce bud moth, on stem-wood growth of young white spruce. e e Forest Ecology and Management 58:41 49. Adult (Figure 1H). Wingspan 19 20 mm in female. Forewing Caradja A. 1916. Beitragzur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Pyraliden with ground color dark brown, from antemedial to tegula with und Tortriciden des europäischen Faunengebietes, nebst Beschreibungneurer green scales. Formen. Dt. ent. Z Iris 30:1e88 [in German]. Christoph H. 1881. Neue Lepidoteren des Amurgebietes. Bulletin de la Société Male genitalia (Figure 2H). Uncus very weakly developed. Socii Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 56:1e80 [in German]. large. Valva parallel to the apex, curved inwardly, with numerous Douglas JW. 1846. Descriptions of ten New British moths. The Zoologist: A Popular hairs along the ventral margin. Aedeagus short as long as two times Miscellany of Natural History 4:1266e1270. Falkovitsh MI. 1965. New Eastern-Asiatic species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tor- of socii with a bundle of cornuti. tricidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie. 44:414e437. Female genitalia (Figure 3E). Papillae anales small. Ostium Forbes WMT. 1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Primitive bursae rounded with sclerotized at entrance toward ductus bursae. forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Memoir 68:1e729. Corpus bursae ovate, slightly narrowed near the end, with no Ford LT. 1949. A guide to the smaller British Lepidoptera. The life histories and foods signum. upwards of 1370 species of our smaller moths with indices of the foods and of Material examined.
Oku T. 1968. New or little known species of the subfamily Olethreutinae injurious to Saxesen W. 1840. Beschreibung der Fichtenwickler 2:215e230. conifer trees from Japan (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Kontyû 36:227e236. Snellen PCT. 1883. Nieuwe of weingbekende Microlepidoptera van Noord-Azie. Park KT. 1983a. Tortricidae. Insecta (IX). In: Shin YH, Park KT, Nam SH, editors. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 26:181e228. Taf. 11e13 [in German]. Illustrated flora & fauna of Korea, Vol. 27. Seoul: Ministry of Education. pp. 603e Styles JH. 1959. Notes on some microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s Gazette 10:43e44. 702. Suzuki S, Komai F. 1984. Microlepidoptera feeding on conifer trees in Hokkaido. Park KT. 1983b. Microlepidoptera of Korea. Seoul, Korea: Insecta Koreana Editorial Bulletin of the Hokkaido Forest Experiment Station 22:85e129. Committee. Treitschke F. 1829. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa (Fortsetzung des Ochsenheimer’- Park KT, Ahn SB. 1987. Newly recorded species of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from schen Werkes), Vol. 7; 1829. Leipzig [in German]. Korea (I), thirteen species of the subfamily Olethreutinae. Korean Journal of Plant Walsingham L. 1895. New species of North American Tortricidae. Transactions of the Protection 26:181e187. Entomological Society of London 1895:495e518. Razowski J. 1999. Tortricidae of Korea; a faunistic and zoogeographical approach Walsingham TG. 1900. Asiatic Tortricidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural His- (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 27:69e123. tory 6:429e448.