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http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century National Academy of Engineering ISBN: 0-309-53065-2, 118 pages, 6 x 9, (2004) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html THE ENGINEER OF 2020 VISIONS OF ENGINEERING IN THE NEW CENTURY THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, DC www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has been reviewed according to procedures approved by a National Academy of Engineering report review process. Publication of signed work signifies that it is judged a competent and useful contribution worthy of public consideration, but it does not imply endorsement of conclusions or recommendations by the National Academy of Engineering. The interpretations and conclusion in such publications are those of the authors and do not purport to represent the views of the council, officers, or staff of the National Academy of Engineering. Funding for the activity that led to this publication was provided by the National Science Foundation, NEC Foundation of America, SBC Foundation, and Honeywell International, and the National Academy of Engineering Fund. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09162-4 (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-53065-2 (PDF) Copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, D.C. 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); online at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin- guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal govern- ment and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of further- ing knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html Acknowledgments About Honeywell International Honeywell is a diversified technology and manufacturing leader of aerospace products and services; control technologies for buildings, homes, and industry; automotive products; power generation systems; specialty chemicals; fibers; plastics and advanced materials. The company is committed to providing quality products, integrated system solutions, and services to customers around the world. Honeywell products touch the lives of most people everyday. The company’s philanthropic giving is overseen by the Honeywell International Foun- dation. The Foundation is currently focused in three strategic areas: Family Safety and Security, Housing and Shelter, and Science and Math Education. About NEC Foundation of America NEC Foundation of America was established in 1991 and endowed at $10 million by NEC and its United States subsidiaries. Income generated by the endowment is donated to nonprofit organizations in the United States to help assure that individuals have the skills to advance the bound- aries of technology, and to be served by innovation on both a personal and societal level. As of March 1, 2003, the Foundation’s sole focus is tech- nology for people with disabilities. v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS About National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in 1950 by the Congress and is the only federal agency dedicated to supporting educa- tion and fundamental research in all science and engineering disciplines. The mission of NSF is to ensure that the United States maintains leader- ship in scientific discovery and the development of new technologies. NSF promotes the progress of engineering in the United States in order to enable the nation's capacity for innovation and to support the creation of wealth and a better quality of life. About SBC Foundation SBC Foundation is committed to supporting programs and organi- zations that promote the importance of a K-16 education continuum. Since its formation in 1984, SBC Foundation has distributed more than $203 million to fund educational endeavors across the United States. SBC Foundation-backed programs are designed to increase access to information technologies, broaden technology training and professional skills development, and integrate new technologies to enhance educa- tion and economic development. The Foundation is an independent entity and receives all of its funding from SBC Communications, Inc. and its family of companies. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10999.html COMMITTEE ON THE ENGINEER OF 2020 G. WAYNE CLOUGH (NAE), Chair, Georgia Institute of Technology ALICE M. AGOGINO (NAE), University of California, Berkeley GEORGE CAMPBELL, JR., The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art JAMES CHAVEZ, Sandia National Laboratories DAVID O. CRAIG, Reliant Energy JOSÉ B. CRUZ, JR. (NAE), Ohio State University PEGGY GIRSHMAN, National Public Radio DANIEL E. HASTINGS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MICHAEL J. HELLER, University of California, San Diego DEBORAH G. JOHNSON, University of Virginia ALAN C. KAY (NAE), Hewlett-Packard Company TAREK M. KHALIL, University of Miami ROBERT W.