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The Full Story of United States V. Smith, America╎s Most Important
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs Volume 1 Issue 2 November 2012 The Full Story of United States v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case Joel H. Samuels Follow this and additional works at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, International Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Political Science Commons, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Rule of Law Commons, Social History Commons, and the Transnational Law Commons ISSN: 2168-7951 Recommended Citation Joel H. Samuels, The Full Story of United States v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case, 1 PENN. ST. J.L. & INT'L AFF. 320 (2012). Available at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia/vol1/iss2/7 The Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs is a joint publication of Penn State’s School of Law and School of International Affairs. Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs 2012 VOLUME 1 NO. 2 THE FULL STORY OF UNITED STATES V. SMITH, AMERICA’S MOST IMPORTANT PIRACY CASE Joel H. Samuels* INTRODUCTION Many readers would be surprised to learn that a little- explored nineteenth-century piracy case continues to spawn core arguments in modern-day civil cases for damages ranging from environmental degradation in Latin America to apartheid-era investment in South Africa, as well as criminal trials of foreign terrorists.1 That case, United States v. Smith,2 decided by the United * Associate Professor, Deputy Director, Rule of Law Collaborative, University of South Carolina School of Law. -
JOSEPH ALMEIDA PORTRAIT of a PRIVATEER, PIRATE & PLAINTIFF, PART I Jeffrey Orenstein
JOSEPH ALMEIDA PORTRAIT OF A PRIVATEER, PIRATE & PLAINTIFF, PART I Jeffrey Orenstein Copyright © 2007 Jeffrey Orenstein Second Series • Spring 2007 Volume 10 • Number 3 Published by The Green Bag, Inc., in cooperation with the George Mason University School of Law. Jose Almeida versus the Spanish Empire Don Jose Almeida was, notwithstanding his protests, a pirate. For more than a dozen years, he raided the Spanish merchant fleet and – as the letter above suggests (see the back cover if your Spanish is rusty) – he cruised against Spain with the brass and fervor of a man driven by both vengeance and the cause of liberty. His piracies stirred international controversies and spawned a bevy of lawsuits, three of which reached John Marshall’s Supreme Court. An abbreviated account of his remarkable story begins on page 307 with Jeffrey Orenstein’s article, Joseph Almeida: Portrait of a Privateer, Pirate & Plaintiff, Part I. JOSEPH ALMEIDA PORTRAIT OF A PRIVATEER, PIRATE & PLAINTIFF, PART I Jeffrey Orenstein† N SAINT VALENTINE’S DAY, 1832, Spain executed one of its most prized prisoners, the pirate Don Jose Almeida. Before his capture in 1827, Almeida had ceaselessly molested Spanish merchant vessels for Omore than a dozen years. He haunted Spanish trade routes and ports of call in the West Indies and on many cruises he circled like a shark off the coast of Spain itself. There, Almeida preyed on gold-laden vessels clearing Cadiz and merchantmen returning with precious colonial cargo. The vessels he plundered numbered in the hundreds and were valued in the millions. The Spaniards jailed Almeida deep inside the vaults of “El Morro,” the menacing fortress that to this day dominates Puerto Rico’s northwest coast at San Juan Bay. -
H. Doc. 108-222
THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 1789–2005 [ 43 ] TIME AND PLACE OF MEETING The Constitution (Art. I, sec. 4) provided that ‘‘The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year * * * on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.’’ Pursuant to a resolution of the Continental Congress the first session of the First Congress convened March 4, 1789. Up to and including May 20, 1820, eighteen acts were passed providing for the meet- ing of Congress on other days in the year. Since that year Congress met regularly on the first Mon- day in December until January 1934. The date for convening of Congress was changed by the Twen- tieth Amendment to the Constitution in 1933 to the 3d day of January unless a different day shall be appointed by law. The first and second sessions of the First Congress were held in New York City; subsequently, including the first session of the Sixth Congress, Philadelphia was the meeting place; since then Congress has convened in Washington, D.C. [ 44 ] FIRST CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1789, TO MARCH 3, 1791 FIRST SESSION—March 4, 1789, 1 to September 29, 1789 SECOND SESSION—January 4, 1790, to August 12, 1790 THIRD SESSION—December 6, 1790, to March 3, 1791 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—JOHN LANGDON, 2 of New Hampshire SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL A. OTIS, 3 of Massachusetts DOORKEEPER OF THE SENATE—JAMES MATHERS, 4 of New York SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—FREDERICK A. -
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1942, Volume 37, Issue No. 3
G ^ MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. XXXVII SEPTEMBER, 1942 No. } BARBARA FRIETSCHIE By DOROTHY MACKAY QUYNN and WILLIAM ROGERS QUYNN In October, 1863, the Atlantic Monthly published Whittier's ballad, "' Barbara Frietchie." Almost immediately a controversy arose about the truth of the poet's version of the story. As the years passed, the controversy became more involved until every period and phase of the heroine's life were included. This paper attempts to separate fact from fiction, and to study the growth of the legend concerning the life of Mrs. John Casper Frietschie, nee Barbara Hauer, known to the world as Barbara Fritchie. I. THE HEROINE AND HER FAMILY On September 30, 1754, the ship Neptune arrived in Phila- delphia with its cargo of " 400 souls," among them Johann Niklaus Hauer. The immigrants, who came from the " Palatinate, Darmstad and Zweybrecht" 1 went to the Court House, where they took the oath of allegiance to the British Crown, Hauer being among those sufficiently literate to sign his name, instead of making his mark.2 Niklaus Hauer and his wife, Catherine, came from the Pala- tinate.3 The only source for his birthplace is the family Bible, in which it is noted that he was born on August 6, 1733, in " Germany in Nassau-Saarbriicken, Dildendorf." 4 This probably 1 Hesse-Darmstadt, and Zweibriicken in the Rhenish Palatinate. 2 Ralph Beaver Strassburger, Pennsylvania German Pioneers (Morristown, Penna.), I (1934), 620, 622, 625; Pennsylvania Colonial Records, IV (Harrisburg, 1851), 306-7; see Appendix I. 8 T. J. C, Williams and Folger McKinsey, History of Frederick County, Maryland (Hagerstown, Md., 1910), II, 1047. -
The Full Story of U.S. V. Smith, America's Most Important Piracy Case
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Law School 2012 The ulF l Story of U.S. v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case Joel H. Samuels University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/law_facpub Part of the International Law Commons, Rule of Law Commons, and the Transnational Law Commons Recommended Citation Joel H. Samuels, The Full Story of United States v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case, 1 Penn. St. J.L. & Int'l Aff. 320 (2012). This Article is brought to you by the Law School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs Volume 1 | Issue 2 November 2012 The ulF l Story of United States v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case Joel H. Samuels ISSN: 2168-7951 Recommended Citation Joel H. Samuels, The Full Story of United States v. Smith, America’s Most Important Piracy Case, 1 Penn. St. J.L. & Int'l Aff. 320 (2012). Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia/vol1/iss2/7 The Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs is a joint publication of Penn State’s School of Law and School of International Affairs. Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs 2012 VOLUME 1 NO. 2 THE FULL STORY OF UNITED STATES V. SMITH, AMERICA’S MOST IMPORTANT PIRACY CASE Joel H. Samuels* INTRODUCTION Many readers would be surprised to learn that a little- explored nineteenth-century piracy case continues to spawn core arguments in modern-day civil cases for damages ranging from environmental degradation in Latin America to apartheid-era investment in South Africa, as well as criminal trials of foreign terrorists.1 That case, United States v. -
THE PRYOR FAMILY Virginia
THE PRYOR FAMILY As published in Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Volume 7, Number 1, July 1899 Volume 7, Number 2, October 1899 Volume 7, Number 3, January 1900 [I added some names in brackets and numbering for children to improve clarity in reading] On account of the destruction of county records, this account of the PRYORs must be at present rather a collection of data than a connected and complete account of the family, though it is hoped the publication will elicit information which will enable it to be completed. The earliest land grant to one of the name is dated in 1689, to Mr. ROBERT PRYOR, for 309 acres at the head of Craney creek, Ware Parish, Gloucester County; 92 acres, of which, was granted to Thomas Jefferson (who is he?) April 1, 1668, and by him deserted and afterwards granted to Robert Collis, who on April 21, 1689 assigned to ROBERT PRYOR. On October 29, 1693, Mr. ROBERT PRYOR had a grant for 92 acres on Craney Creek, Gloucester. The next grants were much later, one October 15, 1741 to PHILIP PRYOR for 386 acres in Amelia County, between the branches of Great and Little Nottoway rivers, and another to WILLIAM PRYOR, September 5, 1762 for 350 acres in Amherst County, on Pedlar river. I am indebted to Judge James T. Mitchell, of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, for the following copy of an account prepared by his grandfather, James Mitchell, who was born in 1785 and died in 1869: Extract from notes in the Mitchell family Bible, made by James Mitchell from personal recollection and conversations, correspondence, etc. -
Politics in a New Nation: the Early Career of James Monroe
72-15,198 DICKSON, Charles Ellis, 1935- POLITICS IN A NEW NATION: THE EARLY CAREER OF JAMES MONROE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Charles Ellis Dickson 1972 POLITICS IN A NEW NATION: THE EARLY CAREER OP JAMES MONROE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charles Ellis Dickson, B.S., M.A. ###### The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Among the many people who have helped me in my graduate studies at Ohio State, I wish in particular to thank my adviser, Professor Mary E. Young, and my wife, Patricia. This work is dedicated to my father, John McConnell Dickson (1896-1971). ii VITA 13 June 1935 . Born— Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1957 ............. B.S., Indiana University of Penn sylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 1957-195 8 . Active Duty as Second Lieutenant, U.S.A.R., Port Lee, Virginia 1958-196 6 . Social Studies Teacher, Churchill Area Schools, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl vania 1961 ............. M.A., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 196^ . Pulbright Grant for Study and Travel in Prance and Great Britain 1967-1970 . Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-Present . Assistant Professor, Department of History, Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania FIELDS OF STUDY Jefferson-Jackson. Professor Mary E. Young Colonial America. Professor Bradley Chapin and Assistant Professor Paul G. Bowers Tudor-Stuart. -
Nomination Form
VLR Listed: 6/6/2007 NRHP Listed: 8/9/2007 (Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 0MB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "NIA" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property Historic Name Kippax Plantation Archaeological Site other names/site Farmingdale (Farmindell) Plantation, Heretick Site, DHR File 116-5021 2. Location 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority lUlder the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this _lL____ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _x~ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant __ nationally _x_ statewide _ locally. ( _ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official Date Virginia Department of Historic Resources State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria. -
A Different Kind of Maritime Predation South American Privateering from Baltimore, 1816-1820
A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History August 2008 Volume 7 Number 2 A Different Kind of Maritime Predation South American Privateering from Baltimore, 1816-1820 (Published in tandem with the Maryland Historical Magazine, by permission) David Head State University of New York, Buffalo In Buenos Aires on February 22, 1818, a group of American merchants, diplomats, and sea captains gathered for a celebration of George Washington’s birthday. Coming at the height of the South American republic’s revolution against Spain , the celebrants offered toasts highlighting the common cause of the United States and South America in the pursuit of independence. As Norfolk’s American Beacon reported, Captain John Dieter hailed “the Patriots of North and South America,” while Job Wheeden, a ship’s surgeon, raised a glass to “the heroes who have fought, bled, and died in their country’s cause.” These Americans, however, were more than well-wishers. Many of those gathered on the occasion—including Dieter and Wheeden, as well as the event’s organizers—were involved in privateering. By fitting out vessels and accepting commissions from a revolutionary government to attack Spanish shipping, these Americans became participants in the revolutions. However, serving the South American republics in this manner was illegal, as U.S. law prohibited any American from owning, commanding, or sailing aboard a foreign privateer that intended to attack a nation at peace with the United States . In the contest between Spain and its colonies, U.S. policy dictated neutrality.i[1] Historians have done much to uncover the organizational, operational, and legal dimensions of privateering as it evolved from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. -
Vision of Unity
" . xiv. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. i v Lis t 0 f a p s . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , ' . x i x List of Genealogical Tables............................... ... xx List of Portraits and Photographs " .. , .. .. ..... .. .. .. ..... ... xxiii Part One: The Bland Family in London 1555-1665 Chapter I An End: The Trial and Death of John Bland .. .... , . .. .... .. 1 July 12, 1555., ........... , . ... , . .. , .,., .. "., . ..... ,.... 1 John Bland, The Marian Martyr.. .. .......................... 3 Chapter II A Beginning: Ad am Bland, Younq Man the Provinces...... 7 --Chaoter'._-- III- The Family of Adam Bland of London: Second Generation........ 15 Adam's Marri age to Joan Atkyns .... .. ..................... , . 15 Robert Bland: Third Generation. ,.... ...... .... ....... 20 Jan e B1 and: T h i rd Gene rat i on . ...... .................... , 22 Peter Bland: Third Generation............. .. .. ... .. ... 23 Three Keys and an Unlik ely Kn ave : Peter Bland and His Kinsmen ... .. ........ ........ .... .. .. ........... .......... 26 Thomas Bland: Third Generation ...... ... ,..... ....... 33 Elizabeth Bland: Third Generation ...... 40 The Children........................................ 40 William Bland: Third Generation . ...... .. ......... ....... 41 Gregory Bland: Third Generation.......................... 48 Jasper Bland: Third Generation .. ...... .. ..... ..... .. .... 51 Mary Bland: Third Generation............................. 51 John Bland: Third Generation........... .... .. ............ 52 Mary Bland .................... ,... -
John Randolph of Roanoke and the Politics of Doom: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Self-Deception, 1773-1821
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2012 John Randolph of Roanoke and the Politics of Doom: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Self-Deception, 1773-1821 Aaron Scott Crawford [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Crawford, Aaron Scott, "John Randolph of Roanoke and the Politics of Doom: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Self-Deception, 1773-1821. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1519 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Aaron Scott Crawford entitled "John Randolph of Roanoke and the Politics of Doom: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Self-Deception, 1773-1821." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Daniel Feller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Stephen Ash, Ernest Freeberg, Michael Fitzgerald Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) John Randolph of Roanoke and the Politics of Doom: Slavery, Sectionalism, and Self-Deception, 1773-1821 A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Aaron Scott Crawford December 2012 Copyright ©2012 Aaron Scott Crawford. -
Despising Lawyers Has Been Popular for Centuries
Distrust of the Legal Establishment in Perspective: Maryland During the Early National Years By JEFFREY K. SAWYER' espising lawyers has been popular for centuries, and D knowing when to take it seriously is often difficult. I Since the 1640s in England, vicious attacks on lawyers and the common law have occasionally accompanied reform movements. Are these outbursts evidence of a long-term tra dition of radical hostility towards the legal establishment? Or do they point to a tradition of political posturing with little real substance? With respect to early America, some very good histori ans have come to differing conclusions on these questions. Maxwell Bloomfield suggests that, while radical in tone, the attack on lawyers was rooted in essentially middle-class val ues and was not seriously connected to an ideology of so cial leveling or egalitarianism.2 He nevertheless demonstrates elegantly that the anti-lawyer sentiment of the Jacksonian period was part of a longer-term and culturally pervasive pattern. Richard Ellis's work, in partial contrast, documents radical attacks on the legal establishment during the Jeffersonian years, notably in Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania.3 Other legal historians have often stressed that fundamentally different conceptions of law, lawyers, judges, juries, and courts shaped the legal politics of Americans in the post-revolutionary years. 4 Developments in Maryland offer an excellent opportunity to explore such issues further. From 1790 to 1810 a reform movement in the state led to important changes in the le gal system. The legislature codified testamentary law and * Director of Legal and Ethical Studies, Department of History and Philosophy, University of Baltimore GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN LEGAL HISTORY VOL.