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111111.6 11111 I.4 111111.6 11111 I.4 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION- TEST CHART _ NATIONALBUREAUOfp,STANIIADB1196}A DOCUMENT RESUME ED 079 205 SO 006 007 AUTHOR Becker, James M.; Mehlinger, Howard D. TITLE International Dimensions in the Social Studies. 38th Yearbook. INSTITUTION National Council for the Social Studies, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 68 NOTE 346p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Council for the Social Studies, 1201 Sixteenth St., N.W, Washington, D.C..20036; Paperbound $4.50, Clothbound $5.50 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; Conceptual Schemes; Cross Cultural Studies; Curriculum Development; Educational Change; Educational Needs; *Foreign Relations; *International Education; International Law; International Organizations; *Social Studies; Teaching Techniques; *World Affairs; Yearbooks ABSTRACT This thirty-eighth yearbook provides a framework for the teaching of international education and relates recent concepts and ideas in the international studies field which are applicable to the teaching of social studies. A number of educators and social scientists contributed to a series of chapters comprised in four sect =ions ,of the volume.. Each of the major sections deals with a different but related area of international affairs education.. Section I suggests ways of organizing materials around the emerging international society and indicates complexities of the contemporary world that students need to be acquainted with in order to live intelligently in a changing world. Offering some reflections about the field of international studies in general and world law and area studies in particular, Part II is designed to assist the teacher in the job of selecting and evaluating new areas of study in international affairs. Four innovative approaches in the social studies that are receiving increasing attention in many elementary and secondary school classrooms--simulation, decision-making, case studies, and comparatiie studies--are described in Part III. Part IV reports information about a wide variety of materials, resources,.and programs available to teachers who seek to improve instruction in international affairs. (Author/SJM) 4111111 O O . 8 a ern do Si II SO th4f yr L COUN .ft4tames and D. be FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY (.1?(,)r) rya 1'4E, Copyright 1968 by the NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIALSTUDIES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 31-6192 Foreword OSE.01.0,I.E00 00. The publication of this yearbook is most timely. The uncertainties of a condition of peace by terror, the unequaldevelopment of newly independent nations, shifting power structures among the nations, our involvement in a major war in Asia, and civil unrest within our own nation all have come within the focus of world opinion and concern. Divisiveness among our own people, young and old, in respect to individual and national values, the goals of American foreign policy, and the role our nation should play in world affairs places upon social studies teachers a heavy obligation to provide youth with the knowl- edge that will give them an accurate understanding of the character and nature of the world in which we live, and enable them to develop the competencies that are required for effective citizenship in a world community. The yearbook clearly states the setting and framework for interna- tional education. It indicates what is being done in this field, new and needed emphases, effective approaches, useful resources, and the im- portant of teacher education for the effective teaching of world under- standing. The overriding theme of the yearbook is that attention to the teaching of world affairs should provide a new dimension for all social studies.This book should be read and pondered by every social studies teacher and social scientist from K through the graduate school. The Council is deeply indebted to the authors of this yearbook for their dedication in producing this scholarly work and for this im- portant contribution to our professional literature.Particular thanks must be given James M. Becker and Howard D. Mehlinger who planned, edited, and saw this work through. RALPH W. CORDIER, President National Council for the Social Studies iii NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THESOCIAL STUDIES Officers for 1968 President Directors Ralph W. Cordier Ruth 0. M. Andersen State University of Pennsylvania James M. Becker Indiana, Pennsylvania President-Elect Adeline Brengle Ronald 0. Smith Rose L. Chow Hoy Portland Public Schools Robert J. Cooke Portland, Oregon Edwin Fenton Vice-President Shirley H. Engle Helen M. Garrett School of Education Richard E. Gross Indiana University William H. Hartley Bloomington, Indiana Francis W. Mann Editor, Social Education Lewis Paul Todd Jonathon C. McLendon Washington, D. C. Mary 0. Sullivan Executive Secretary Merrill F. Hartshorn 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036 Publications Committee, 1968 Ruth Ellsworth Wayne State University Leslie Wood Stanley Wronski Indiana University Michigan State University The National Council for theSocial Studies is the Department ofSocial Studies of the National EducationAssociation of the United States. It is the professional organization ofteachers of social studies. It holdsa series of meetings eachyear and publishes materials of significanceto those interested in this field. Membershipin the National Council carries with it a subscription to the Council'sofficial journal, Social Education, the monthly magazine for social studiesteachers, and the Yearbook. In addition, the Council publishes bulletins,pamphlets, and other materials of practical use for teachers of the social studies.Membership dues are $9a year. Applications for membership andorders for the purchase of publications should be made to the ExecutiveSecretary; 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036. Acknowledgments The successful completion of a Yearbook depends upon the support of a number of people, many of whose contributions pass unnoticed except to the editors. We should like to acknowledge those people who contributed most significantly to the publication of this volume. First and foremost, we wish to_ express our appreciation to the 23 scholars who wrote chapters for the Yearbook. Mrs. Jo Linton made our editorship less painful by taking over much of the tedious work of checking references and establishing uniformity of editorial style throughout the publication. Mrs. Jane Lewis and Mrs. Patricia Street typed the manuscript competently and efficiently. And colleagues who shall remain nameless helped by quietly and patiently assuming work that the editors had to slight while distracted by the Yearbook. Finally, we wish to express appreciation to the current and former members of the NCSS Publications Committee who provided counsel and advice during the preparation of the Yearbook and to Merrill Hartshorn, who assisted our work in many ways. JAMES M. BECKER HOWARD D. MEHLINGER V Contents PREFACE iii 1. CONCEPTUAL LAG AND THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS James M. Becker and Howard D. Mehlinger 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V PART I: The Setting . 13 2.REALITIES OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS John G. Stoessinger 15 3. U. S. EDUCATION IN THE WORT? William W. Marvel and David B. Arnold 26 4. THE PEACE CORPS AND THE CONDUCT OF UNITED STATES FOREIGN AFFAIRS J. Norman Parmer 38 5. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND WORLD ORDER: SOCIAL SCIENCE AS A SOURCE OF NEW PERSPECTIVES Chadwick F. Alger 54 6.EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EMERGING GLOBAL SOCIETY Lee F. Anderson 78 PART II: Some New Emphases 99 7., CHANGES IN THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Fred A. Sondermann 101 8. STUDYING OTHER CULTURES: LOOKING OUTWARD Is "IN" Seymour H. Fersh 122 vii ia- 1 9. AREA STUDIES IN AMERICAN EDUCATION John M. Thompson 145 10. WORLD LAW AND MODELS OF "WORLD ORDER" Betty Reardon and Saul It Mendlovitz 160 PART III: Selected Approaches 171 11. SIMULATING INTER-NATION RELATIONSIN THE CLASSROOM Cleo H. Cherryholmes 173 12. DECISION-MAKING IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS James A. Robinson and Richard C. Snyder. 191 13. THE CASE METHOD AND THE STUDYOF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS James P. Shaver and A. Guy Larkins 215 14. COMPARATIVE STUDIESAND THE RISE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES William J. Siffin 237 .... PART IV: Resources and Programs . 255 15. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS Martin G. Cramer 257 16. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Jerry R. Moore 268 17. THE ROLE OF THE STATESIN IMPROVING THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Gerald W. Marker 279 18. How WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCILS SERVE SCHOOLS, TEACHERS, AND STUDENTS William C. Rogers 304 19. TEACHER EDUCATION: THE WORLD DIMENSION Frank H. Klassen 319 CONTRIBUTOR'S WHO'S WHO 336 -1- Conceptual Lag. and the Study of International Affairs Chapter 1 JAMES M. BECKER and HOWARD D. MEHLINGER Man's attempts to explain the world in which he lives have always suffered from a kind of conceptual time-lag. Even the most radical metamorphoses in the condition of human life have a way of occurring graduallyso gradually that it takes yeais, decades, or even centuries before human understanding realizes the nature and magnitude of the change that has taken place. Nation-states existed for more than a century before the term "nationalism" was coined to describe the process of their formation. The concept of totalitarianism was invented after one of the regimes it described (Nazi Germany) no longer existed, and the other ( the U.S.S.R.) was undergoing change to such a degree that the term was no longer fully applicable. Peopleliving in the "Dark Ages" did not realize it was dark, and laborers in British factories in the nineteenth century remained oblivious to the fact that they were participants in the Industrial Revolution. In short, virtually no period of human history has been fully comprehended by the peo- ple who actually experienced it; it is only historians of later genera- tions who succeed in inventing concepts to describe the major events and important transformations that have gone before. 1 2 INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS IN THE SOCIAL STUDIES Most of the atter s currently being made to describe and analyze the contemporary worldare victims of the same conceptual lag.
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