117-119 Ivydale Road Nunhead London Borough of Southwark
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117-119 Ivydale Road Nunhead London Borough of Southwark Archaeological Watching Brief LAARC Site Code : IVD13 for Baxter Homes CA Project: 660112 CA Report: 13084 April 2013 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead London Borough of Southwark Archaeological Watching Brief CA Project: 660112 CA Report: 13084 prepared by Peter James, Project Supervisor Date 27 March 2013 checked by Simon Carlyle, Project Manager Date 15 April 2013 approved by Roland Smith, Regional Manager signed Date 24 April 2013 Issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49 Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark: Archaeological Watching Brief CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3 2. RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 5 3. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 7 4. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 7 5. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 7 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................... 9 APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM........................................................................... 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan, 1:25,000 Fig. 2 Plan of watching brief area, showing footprint of new building, 1:500 Fig. 3 General view of the site, looking north-west Fig. 4 Overburden and underlying deposits observed in foundation trench Fig. 5 Manhole and drain, looking south Fig. 6 View of cellar foundations, looking south 1 © Cotswold Archaeology 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark: Archaeological Watching Brief SUMMARY Project Name: 117-119 Ivydale Road Location: Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark NGR: TQ 35723 75599 Type: Watching brief Date: 13-26 February 2013 Site Code: IVD13 In February 2013, an archaeological watching brief was carried out by Cotswold Archaeology during the excavation of footings for a new residential development, being undertaken by Baxter Homes at 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark. The main aim of the watching brief had been to identify evidence for the Roman road from London to Lewes, which is thought to follow the approximate line of Ivydale Road. It was established that the site had been extensively truncated by the cellars and foundations of five 19th-century houses that had occupied the site prior to their destruction by a V1 rocket in 1944. Remnants of the original land surface survived in the areas between the cellars and in the area of the former gardens, but there was no evidence for the Roman road, nor any other archaeological features. Following the demolition of the bomb-damaged houses, the site was levelled and three pre- fabricated houses (‘pre-fabs’) were built on the site, erected on concrete ground slabs. The last of the three ‘pre-fabs’ had recently been demolished and the only remains associated with them was a small area of concrete hard-standing and drains on the street frontage. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark: Archaeological Watching Brief 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In February 2013, an archaeological watching brief was carried out by Cotswold Archaeology during the excavation of footings for a new residential development, being undertaken by Baxter Homes at 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark (NGR: TQ 35723 75599; Fig. 1). The development comprised the demolition of a single-storey pre-fabricated building, that last of a group of three that had been built on the site of houses destroyed by a V1 rocket during WWII, and the construction of five two-storey terraced houses with gardens. 1.2 The watching brief was requested by Dr Christopher Constable, Southwark Borough Council’s Archaeological Advisor (SBCAA) and was attached as a condition to planning consent (planning ref. 12/AP/1921). The site had previously been the subject of a desk-based assessment prepared by L-P: Archaeology (LPA 2012), which was submitted in support of the planning application. This established that Roman cremation burials had been found in the general area and it was considered that there was a potential for archaeological remains, particularly those associated with the projected line of the Roman road from London to Lewes, to occur within the site. 1.3 The watching brief was carried out accordance with the approved Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) prepared by CA (2013) and followed best practice, as set out in the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and guidance for an archaeological watching brief (IfA 2008) and the English Heritage procedural documents Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (EH 1991) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The site 1.4 The site, a roughly square block of land covering 0.07ha, is situated on the east side of Ivydale Road, in the suburb of Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark. Most of the houses in the road were built in the late 1880s and 1890s, when the suburb was developed, although a number of these were destroyed by a V1 rocket during WWII, to be replaced by more modern buildings. The houses that originally stood on the current site were amongst those that suffered extensive blast damage from the rocket’s explosion and had to be demolished. They were replaced by three single- 3 © Cotswold Archaeology 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark: Archaeological Watching Brief storey pre-fabricated buildings (‘pre-fabs’), the last of which was recently demolished to make way for the new development. The site is situated on flat ground at c. 31m above Ordnance Datum (aOD) and backs on to the playing fields of Haberdasher Askes. 1.5 The geology comprises Cretaceous rocks of the London Clay Formation, comprising sandy and silty clay ( www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex , accessed 28 January 2013), overlain locally by Quaternary Head deposits (LPA 2012). Archaeological background 1.6 The site, which has been the subject of a desk-based assessment prepared by L-P: Archaeology (LPA 2012), partly lies within one of Southwark Borough Council’s archaeological priority zones (APZ), with the western half lying within the one that covers the projected route of the Roman road from London to Lewes, in Sussex. 1.7 The route of this road originated in Peckham, where it branched off and headed south from Watling Street, the Roman road running from London to Canterbury (preserved in the modern city by Old Kent Road). The road has been recorded archaeologically around Asylum Road, which lies some 1.5km north of the development site, and in Nash Road, c. 600m to the south-east. The projected line of this former thoroughfare runs along Ivydale Road as it passes the development site. 1.8 The Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER) records two archaeological findspots in the surrounding area. These comprise a Lower Palaeolithic Levallois flint flake found in Nunhead Cemetery, c. 600m to the west of the site, and the discovery in a garden ( c. 1735) of two Roman urned cremations, accompanied by a simpulum (a ladle to make libations in ritual or sacrificial ceremonies) and five to six lachrymatories (small vessels which contained perfumes or unguents). 1.9 Nunhead Cemetery, which lies to the west of Ivydale Road, was designed by James Bunstone Bunning for the London Cemetery Company and was opened in 1840. It covers c. 20ha and was landscaped with lawns, pathways and stands of trees. The cemetery was closed in 1969 and was neglected for many years, but in 1987 it was designated a London Site of Nature Conservation Importance and has since undergone extensive restoration and improvement. 4 © Cotswold Archaeology 117-119 Ivydale Road, Nunhead, London Borough of Southwark: Archaeological Watching Brief 1.10 The cemetery is depicted on a map of the area dating to the 1850s and on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1878, at which date the area now occupied by Ivydale Road was undeveloped and was an open block of farmland between the cemetery and the railway. Ivydale Road is first depicted on the Ordnance Survey map of 1898 and forms part of the suburban development of the area in the closing decades of the 19th century. Archaeological objectives 1.11 The objectives of the archaeological works were: • to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development