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Self Assessment & Review MMUNOLOGY Self Assessment & Review MMUNOLOGY 4th Edition Rachna Chaurasia MD Radiodiagnosis MLB Medical College, Jhansi, India Anshul Jain MD Anaesthesia MLB Medical College, Jhansi, India the arora medical book publishers pvt. ltd. A Group of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Corporate Office 4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India, Phone: +91-11-43574357 Registered Office B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672 Rel: +91-11-32558559, Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683 e-mail: [email protected], Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Branches ❑ 2/B, Akruti Society, Jodhpur Gam Road Satellite Ahmedabad 380 015, Phones: +91-79-26926233, Rel: +91-79-32988717 Fax: +91-79-26927094, e-mail: [email protected] ❑ 202 Batavia Chambers, 8 Kumara Krupa Road, Kumara Park East Bengaluru 560 001, Phones: +91-80-22285971, +91-80-22382956 91-80-22372664, Rel: +91-80-32714073, Fax: +91-80-22281761 e-mail: [email protected] ❑ 282 IIIrd Floor, Khaleel Shirazi Estate, Fountain Plaza, Pantheon Road Chennai 600 008, Phones: +91-44-28193265, +91-44-28194897 Rel: +91-44-32972089, Fax: +91-44-28193231, e-mail: [email protected] ❑ 4-2-1067/1-3, 1st Floor, Balaji Building, Ramkote Cross Road, Hyderabad 500 095, Phones: +91-40-66610020, +91-40-24758498 Rel:+91-40-32940929Fax:+91-40-24758499, e-mail: [email protected] ❑ No. 41/3098, B & B1, Kuruvi Building, St. Vincent Road Kochi 682 018, Kerala, Phones: +91-484-4036109, +91-484-2395739 +91-484-2395740, e-mail: [email protected] ❑ 1-A Indian Mirror Street, Wellington Square Kolkata 700 013, Phones: +91-33-22651926, +91-33-22276404 +91-33-22276415, Rel: +91-33-32901926, Fax: +91-33-22656075 e-mail: [email protected] ❑ Lekhraj Market III, B-2, Sector-4, Faizabad Road, Indira Nagar Lucknow 226 016, Phones: +91-522-3040553, +91-522-3040554 e-mail: [email protected] ❑ 106 Amit Industrial Estate, 61 Dr SS Rao Road, Near MGM Hospital, Parel Mumbai 400 012, Phones: +91-22-24124863, +91-22-24104532, Rel: +91-22-32926896, Fax: +91-22-24160828, e-mail: [email protected] ❑ “KAMALPUSHPA” 38, Reshimbag, Opp. Mohota Science College, Umred Road Nagpur 440 009 (MS), Phone: Rel: +91-712-3245220, Fax: +91-712-2704275 e-mail: [email protected] USA Office 1745, Pheasant Run Drive, Maryland Heights (Missouri), MO 63043, USA, Ph: 001-636-6279734 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Self Assessment & Review Microbiology Immunology © 2009, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by authors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. Fourth Edition: 2009 ISBN 978-81-8448-472-4 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Dedication This book is dedicated to Our family members, teachers and above all God who created us Preface “First of all we want to thank all of the readers for their immense support—the key of success.” The overwhelming success of the previous edition has encouraged us to carry this 4th edition a step ahead to revise and update the book, so as to match the pace of present PGMEE requirement of this difficult subject. PGMEE is a battle field in which everyone fights for success but only few succeed because only few know the correct use of weapon of “Knowledge, hard work and guidance". So, guys learn the golden words : Success comes when, we do things right; When we learn how to make the best use of our time, and how to deal with adversities Why this book is different? Beside adding new questions, we have taken account of all mistakes to provide an error free text. This book provides important points of each topic in continuous manner not in parts as given in previous guides. This book consists of theory of each topic followed by its questions so theory portion helps you to solve new questions. This pattern of book allows you to revise whole infectious disease very clearly and quickly. This book provides sufficient matter which can be revised without any problem. How to use this book? Read the theory first then do questions. You realize that this way of learning makes topic easy to understand and easy to grasp for long-term memory. Try to complete each topic in one sitting. In the last we would like to say all the best for your PGMEE preparation and hope you will work hard with positive attitude in your mind. Always keep one thing in your mind: There's one thing, we cannot recycle and that's wasted time, so guys ! “Schedule a daily time for relaxing, reflecting, planning and brainstorming." Acknowledgments "To Bhagwan Mahavir and Ganesha whose blessing made our goal possible" We will extremely grateful and obliged to our teachers • Dr. Ganesh Kumar (Principal, MLB Medical College, Jhansi) • Dr. A. K. Gupta • Dr. Mrs. Veena Gupta We would always remain obliged to our life long teachers • Dr. B. C. Tiwari • Dr. Atish Sharma • Mr. Amod Yadav We would be extremely thankful to Dr. Vikas Chaurasia, Dr. Gaurav Tiwari whose inspiration makes the task possible. We extend our sincere thanks and gratitude to our beloved family members for their encouragement and useful suggestions Father : Dr. P. C. Chaurasia Mother : Mrs. Shakuntla Chaurasia Uncle & Aunty : Mr. Subhash Chandra Chaurasia & Mrs. Rashmi Chaurasia Brother & Bhabhi : Dr. Vikas Chaurasia & Dr. Mrs. Anahita Chaurasia Mr. Vishal Chaurasia & Mrs. Kavita Chaurasia Nephew & Niece : Priyanshu, Aashi and Paras – Rachna Chaurasia Father : Dr. D. B. Jain Mother : Mrs. Saroj Jain Sisters : Miss Ayusha Jain & Miss Ankita Jain Brother : Mr. Kapil Jain – Anshul Jain We offer cordial thanks to our seniors and colleagues for their support • Dr. Vinod Tiwari • Dr. Hazari M. Shukla • Dr. Rajendra Kr. Singh • Dr. R. K. Singh • Dr. Sachi Singhal • Dr. Surbhi Srivastav • Dr. Shekhar • Dr. Dinesh Dhiwan • Dr. Apoorva Abhinandan Mittal • Dr. Saurabh Jain • Dr. Deepak Singhal • Dr. Dushyant Agarwal • Dr. Balram • Dr. Monika Agarwal • Dr. Surendra Sahu • Dr. Mayank • Dr. Amit Gupta • Dr. Nidhi Singh • Dr. Vivek Agarwal • Dr. Rajesh Gupta x Self Assessment & Review Microbiology & Immunology We cannot forget to acknowledge • Mr. Bishan Lal (Librarian, MLB Medical College, Jhansi) and All Staff. • Mr. C. P. Lavania (Librarian, SN Medical College, Agra) and All Staff. We would like to acknowledge for their support in every part of our life. • Mr. Sandeep Tiwari • Mr. Adeep Tiwari • Mr. C. P. Lamba • Mr. Ankit Chaurasia • Mrs. Arti Rawat • Mrs. Renuka Singh Last but not least, most important we gratefully acknowledge all readers, who will act as a guide to improve and upgrading the content of this book. x Contents SECTION – A REVISION AT A GLANCE 1. Basics of Bacteriology 03 – 09 2. Basics of Virology 10 – 13 3. Basics of Mycology 14 – 15 4. Basics of Clinical Microbiology 16 – 18 5. Culture & Sterilisation 19 – 21 Questions & Answers 22 – 28 SECTION – B Explanatory Series of Questions 1995 - 2008 "ALL INDIA, AIIMS & PGI" UNIT – I BACTERIOLOGY Gram Positive Cocci 1. Staphylococci 31 – 44 2. Streptococci 45 – 67 Gram Negative Cocci 3. Neisseria 68 – 78 Gram Positive Bacilli 4. Clostridium 79 – 93 5. Corynebacterium 94 – 105 6. Actinomycetes & Bacillus 106 – 118 7. Listeria Monocytogenes 119 – 125 8. Mycobacteria 126 – 146 Gram Negative Bacilli 9. Enterobacteriaceae 147 – 171 10. Vibrio 172 – 186 11. Pseudomonas & Yersinia 187 – 195 Gram Negative Cocco - Bacilli 12. Hemophilus, Bordetella & Brucella 196 – 206 13. Campylobacter & Helicobacter 207 – 214 14. Legionella 215 – 220 15. Rickettsiaceae & Chlamydiae 221 – 238 16. Spirochetes 239 – 253 17. Mycoplasma 254 – 260 xii Self Assessment & Review Microbiology & Immunology UNIT – II VIROLOGY 1. DNA Virus 263 – 284 Herpes virus, Adeno & Pox, Parvo & Papovo 2. RNA Virus 285 – 319 Picorna virus, Myxo virus, Rota & other viral gastroenteritis, Arbo, Rhabdoviruses 3. Slow Virus Diseases 320 – 325 4. Hepatitis Viruses 326 – 343 5. HIV & Other Retroviruses 344 – 366 UNIT – III MYCOLOGY 1. Dermatophytes 369 – 372 2. Yeast & Yeast like Fungus 373 – 387 Cryptococcus, Candida, Pneumocystii carinii 3. Aspergillus & Mucormycosis 388 – 392 4. Dimorphic Fungi 393 – 399 UNIT – IV PARASITOLOGY 1. Basics of Parasitology 403 – 407 2. Protozoa 408 – 431 3. Helminths 432 – 450 UNIT – V IMMUNOLOGY 1. Basics of Immune System 453– 457 2. Antigen & Antibody 458 – 463 3. Hypersensitivity 464 – 494 MISCELLANEOUS 497 – 530 Index 531 In this edition Ananthnarayan refers to Ananthanarayan and Panicker’s Textbook of Microbiology 7/e and Panicker refers to Panickers Textbook of Medical Parasitology 6/e. xii SECTION – A REVISION AT A GLANCE 11 Basics of Bacteriology CATALASE POSITIVE BACTERIA HEMOLYTIC ORGANISM • Staphylococci •Strep. pyogenes - β • N. Meningitidis • S. Aureus - β • Atypical mycobacteria • Vibrio Eltor • Pseudomonas • Clostridium perfringes • Coliform • Bacillus subtilis • H.influenza • E. coli (pathogenic strain) • H. pylori • Mycoplasma • Yersinia, pasteurella • Cornybact. mitis • Shigella except • B. cereus S. dysenteriae type I • L. monocytogens - β • L. monocytogenes • Strep. viridans ⎫ • Nocardia • Pneumococci | • Legionella •Strep. sanguis ⎬ ααα hemolysis • Brucella except B.neotomae, B. ovis • Strep. mutans ⎥ • Enterococcus ⎭ Transport media Organism Pike’s media S.pyogenes Stuart’s Gonococci Cary blair V. cholera Sach’s Buffered Glycerol saline - Shigella CAPSULATED BACTERIA TYPES OF MOTILITY • Pneumococcus • Darting – V. cholera • Bacillus anthrax • Tumbling – Listeria at 20-250C • Kleibsella • Stately – Clostridia •H.
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  • Medical Bacteriology

    Medical Bacteriology

    LECTURE NOTES Degree and Diploma Programs For Environmental Health Students Medical Bacteriology Abilo Tadesse, Meseret Alem University of Gondar In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education September 2006 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2006 by Abilo Tadesse, Meseret Alem All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. PREFACE Text book on Medical Bacteriology for Medical Laboratory Technology students are not available as need, so this lecture note will alleviate the acute shortage of text books and reference materials on medical bacteriology.
  • Pediatric Cutaneous Bacterial Infections Dr

    Pediatric Cutaneous Bacterial Infections Dr

    PEDIATRIC CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS DR. PEARL C. KWONG MD PHD BOARD CERTIFIED PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGIST JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA DISCLOSURE • No relevant relationships PRETEST QUESTIONS • In Staph scalded skin syndrome: • A. The staph bacteria can be isolated from the nares , conjunctiva or the perianal area • B. The patients always have associated multiple system involvement including GI hepatic MSK renal and CNS • C. common in adults and adolescents • D. can also be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa • E. None of the above PRETEST QUESTIONS • Scarlet fever • A. should be treated with penicillins • B. should be treated with sulfa drugs • C. can lead to toxic shock syndrome • D. can be associated with pharyngitis or circumoral pallor • E. Both A and D are correct PRETEST QUESTIONS • Strep can be treated with the following antibiotics • A. Penicillin • B. First generation cephalosporin • C. clindamycin • D. Septra • E. A B or C • F. A and D only PRETEST QUESTIONS • MRSA • A. is only acquired via hospital • B. can be acquired in the community • C. is more aggressive than OSSA • D. needs treatment with first generation cephalosporin • E. A and C • F. B and C CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL PATHOGENS • Staphylococcus aureus: OSSA and MRSA • Gp A Streptococcus GABHS • Pseudomonas aeruginosa CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • Folliculitis • Non bullous Impetigo/Bullous Impetigo • Furuncle/Carbuncle/Abscess • Cellulitis • Acute Paronychia • Dactylitis • Erysipelas • Impetiginization of dermatoses BACTERIAL INFECTION • Important to diagnose early • Almost always