Tiruvallur District Human Development Report 2017
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TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 District Administration, Tiruvallur and State Planning Commission, Tamil Nadu in association with Hand in Hand India TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 District Administration, Tiruvallur, and State Planning Commission, Tamil Nadu in association with Hand in Hand India CONTENTS TitlePage No. Message by Member Secretary, State Planning Commission i Preface by District Collector ii Acknowledgements iii List of Boxes v List of Fgures vi List of Tables vi List of Annex Tables viii Chapter 1 District Profile 1 Chapter 2 Status of Human Development 13 Chapter 3 Employment, Income and Poverty 23 Chapter 4 Demography, Health and Nutrition 37 Chapter 5 Literacy and Education 61 Chapter 6 Gender 81 Chapter 7 Social Security 91 Chapter 8 Infrastructure 101 Chapter 9 Summary and Way Forward 115 ANNEXURES Tables 131 Technical notes 160 Abbreviations 166 References 171 E. Sundaravalli, I.A.S., Tiruvallur District District Collector Tiruvallur – 602 001 STD : (044) OFF : 27661600 RES : 27662233 FAX : 27662455 27.02.2017 PREFACE I acknowledge the efforts by the State Planning Commission and Hand in Hand India with the assistance from UNDP and the Government of Tamil Nadu towards the preparation of District Human Development Report and I am happy to be associated with this process. Present report portrays various facets of district’s development highlighting joint initiatives by the State Government and district administration to achieve sustainable human development. The report includes detailed discussions pertaining to key geographical, as well as sociocultural features of the district; the status of employment, poverty and economic growth; key health and nutritional parameters; literacy, status of school education and higher education and educational infrastructure; socioeconomic as well as political empowerment of women; social security for vulnerable population; and infrastructure options available to the people of the district etc. The report provides a holistic picture of human development, bringing out the intra- district variations, enabling assessment of the status of human development in terms of four indices, namely, Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Child Development Index and Multidimensional Poverty Index. Computation of these indices is based on 2011 census data as well as 2013-14 data collected from various departments of district administration. The indices have been constructed to enable a broad analysis at block levels, leading to concrete suggestions for changes in policy and programme focus. The discussions on indices and respective features of development also underscore the challenges ahead and it is hoped that this exercise will help in evolving an appropriate development strategy that ensures effective and efficient use of available resources. The report captures exemplary efforts made by the Government to improve the delivery of public services for the people. Hence, I hope that this report would help provide an opportunity to gain in- depth and comprehensive understanding of issues as well as potential avenues for improving life in the district and would serve as a useful tool for adopting appropriate development strategies. Acknowledgements The preparation of the Tiruvallur District Human Development Report was primarily initiated by the State Planning Commission(SPC), Government of Tamil Nadu, with the support received from the United Nations Development Programme. Considering that Hand in Hand India has been extensively working in the district for more than a decade, and is familiar with the people and practices there; the SPC entrusted the task of preparing this report to Hand in Hand. This has given us an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the socioeconomic realities in the district,which will inform our interventions there in the near future. Hand in Hand appreciates this opportunity. Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission and Tiruvallur District Administration were our core partners during the entire process. Ms. Santha Sheela Nair, IAS (Retd), Vice Chairman, SPC, GoTN, reviewed the progress of this exercise periodically and provided direction.We would like to thank her for the valuable support. Contributions from other officials from the State Planning Commission deserve special mention here. Mr. M. Balaji, IAS, former Member Secretary, SPC, GoTN, who has commencedthis exercise; Dr. Sugato Dutt, IFS, former Member Secretary i/c, SPC, GoTN who has provided all necessary administrative support and resources to accomplish the task; Mr. P. Selvarajan, Head of Division, Rural Development and District Planning; Ms. S. Namagiri, Senior District Planning Officer, Ms. Abhirami, Planning Officer; and Dr. G. N. Krupa, Planning Officer; conducted detailed reviews. Dr. M. Vijayabaskar, Associate Professor, Madras Institute of Development Studies,provided critical inputs during consultations; and Mr. Anil Meshram, IAS, Member Secretary, SPC, GoTN,who has been instrumental in taking this endeavor to its conclusion. District Planning Office was the nodal agency for source of all data. To this end, the contributionsfromMs.P.Mythili, the District Planning Officer; Ms.V.P.Nirmala, Statistical Inspector; and other Line Department Officialswere crucial. The numerical data was substantiated with supporting information on ground realities by Panchayat Presidents and Administrators at block and district level. Ms. Nirmala coordinated collection of data and ensured validity of the data and information, accurate computation of the indices, and precision in narrative report. She has gone through the draft reports from margin to margin and suggested fitting changes.We immensely appreciate her dedication and diligence. Entire district administration was guided by Mr. K. Veera Raghava Rao, IAS, the former District Collector and iii Ms. E.Sundaravalli, the present District Collector. We would like to also acknowledge with a deep sense of appreciation the information sharedby the people of the district. Dr. R. Rengrajan conducted a consultation with the Panchayat Presidents and officials from district administrtion, examined the 2011 census data, and interpreted it in the geo-political and socio-cultural context of the district and prepared the first draft of the report. Dr. Sujata, too, has contributed to the contents of the first draft.We are thankful to both of them for kickstarting the exercise with urgency and interest. With 2011 as its base year, the report tracks changes in development trends through consecutive years. This has necessitated constant updating of the data from different sources at block and district levels and revisions in the calculation of indices. Subsequently, the narration has also gone through substantial revisions. Collegues and partners provided exceptional support to that end. Collegues from Hand in Hand India’s Child Labour Elimination Programme and Self Help Group Programme shared stories from the field. Mr Abdul Gaffoor provided coordination support. Ms. Princes Buela and Mr Prabahar Gnanakkan facilitated district level consultations for substantiating and validating the data. Mr R. Unnikrishnan lent his safe hands and eagle eyes to accurately calculate the indices for the first draft.Ms. Anitha Ranjan and Mr.A. Settu have ensured timely submission of draft copies and other communications on a number of occasions. Ms. Poorvaja Kumar provided editorial support. Present report is a result of extraordinary camaraderie and commitment amongst all of them. The entire team receivedimmensely valuable supportfrom Dr. Kalpana Sankar, Chairman and Managing Trustee, Hand in Hand India, and Dr. N. Jeyaseelan, Group CEO, Hand in Hand India. Deliberations in the present documentare indicative of trends in the dynamic realities in the district captured till the year 2013-14, and would need further enquiry andinterpretation for evolving actionable strategies in the present times. MAYA NIRMALA HAND IN HAND INDIA iv List of Boxes Box TitlePage 1.1 Animal Husbandry and Fisheries…………………………………………… 6 3.1 MGNREGA – Employment and Income …………………………………. 25 3.2 Gummidipoondi- Dwindling Livelihoods…………………………………... 28 3.3 Status of Child Labourin The District……………………………………... 29 3.4 Pallipet – Economic Activities and Challenges……………………………... 34 4.1 Maternal and Child Care – A Public Healthcare Emergency……………….. 45 4.2 District Headquarters Hospital – Leading by Example…………………….. 46 4.3 Human Resources in Public Health Care System – Some concerns……….. 47 4.4 Utilization of Public Health Services ………………………………............... 50 4.5 Government Nutrition Programmes ………………………………………. 55 5.1 Incentives for Enrolment…………………………………………................ 64 5.2 Back to Where They Belong………………………………………………... 65 5.3 Reading and Writing Skills Among Primary and Upper Primary Students….... 71 5.4 Initiatives for Quality Improvement in Education………………………...... 73 5.5 Technology Initiative in School Education………………………………… 76 5.6 Skill Gap Assessment ……………………………………………………… 78 6.1 Towards Gender Budgeting in Tamil Nadu………………………………… 84 6.2 Self Help Groups………………………………………………………….... 86 6.3 Kuthuvillakku SHG The Lamp of Success…………………………………. 88 7.1 Marriage and Maternity Assistance Programme……………………………. 98 8.1 Kuthambakkam – Setting Precedent……….. ……………………………… 102 8.2 Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority Initiative…………………... 106 8.3 Gummidipoondi – Looking for Development……………………………... 111 8.4 Narikuravas, the Urban Poor and Programmes for Development of Slums….