DOCSLIB.ORG

A Top-Down Reinvention

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Top-Down Reinvention South Korea index ED JONES/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES ED JONES/AFP South Korea is a global leader in information and communication technologies. A top-down reinvention A concerted government push to make South Korea an innovation leader, backed by strong investment and systemic reform, has brought rapid and long-lasting results. By Leigh Dayton outh Korea’s position as one of the Both indices highlight South Korea’s out- and communication technologies has world’s most innovative nations is a standing performance in research and devel- emerged from a historically ‘top-down’ inno- remarkable achievement considering opment (R&D) intensity, an indicator based on vation system that promotes “close collabo- that, for the first half of the twentieth R&D investment by government and industry ration between government, industry, and century, it was an agrarian-based Jap- and the number of researchers working in and the academic community in the process of Sanese colony, then a battle ground. between both sectors. For example, South nation building”, says Tim Mazzarol from It is second only to Germany in Bloom- Korea had the greatest share of researchers the University of Western Australia in Perth, berg’s 2020 Innovation Index, having reigned who moved from industry to academia in 2017 who specializes in innovation and entre- at the top of the 60-country list for the pre- to 2019 among 71 countries, data from aca- preneurship. vious 5 years. In the separate 2019 Global demic recruitment firm, League of Scholars, President Park Chung-hee drove South Innovation Index, published by Cornell Uni- show. Korea’s economic development between 1961, versity, INSEAD and the World Intellectual when he took power in a military coup, until Property Organization, South Korea is at Top-down success 1979, when he was assassinated. Park shifted number 11 and Germany is in 9th place among The high R&D intensity that helped South the economy from its post-war dependence the 129 countries ranked. Korea become a global leader in information on technology imports and the construction S54 | Nature | Vol 581 | 28 May 2020 ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited. All rights reserved. ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited. All rights reserved. SAMSUNG’S TOP TEN The company is South Korea’s leading corpo- Samsung Group’s top ten collaborating academic partners on articles in the Nature Index journals are split between rate institution in the Nature Index by far, based United States and domestic institutions. Here they are ranked by bilateral collaboration score (CS), 2015–19. on contributions to research articles published CS is derived by summing each institution’s Share on the papers to which authors from both have contributed. in the 82 high-quality natural science journals Rank Institution Country Bilateral CS Count* tracked by the Index. With a Share of 10.36 in 2019, it ranked 28th among the country’s insti- 1 Sungkyunkwan University South Korea 75.07 159 tutions overall, eclipsing its nearest rival in the 2 Seoul National University South Korea 21.10 41 corporate ranks, LG, which had a Share of 1.99. Samsung also features in each of South Korea’s 3 Korea Advanced Institute of South Korea 20.16 35 nine leading corporate-academic collaborative Science and Technology pairs in the Nature Index. The most productive pairing is with 4 Stanford University United States 19.29 31 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) in Seoul, 5 University of California, Berkeley United States 17.16 51 with 159 joint articles between 2015 and 2019. Their collaboration is particularly strong in 6 Korea University South Korea 13.62 27 electrochemistry and the development of new energy sources such as lithium-ion batteries 7 Yonsei University South Korea 11.07 22 (J. K. Shon et al. Nature Commun. 7, 11049; 2016). Other partnerships include Seoul 8 Harvard University United States 9.67 26 National University in Seoul, (41 articles) and 9 Pohang University of Science South Korea 8.82 16 the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and and Technology Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon (35 articles). 10 California Institute of Technology United States 8.35 12 Investing in the future *Count = Article count Park’s successors continued to promote research and innovation as the driver of 5 SECOND TO ONE national economic and social advance. Gov- Among all countries, Israel, at 4.9%, is the only ernment and industry investment in R&D one that spends a 4 soared, and basic-research capabilities were greater proportion of its expanded. By the mid-1980s and early 1990s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on R&D than South the government’s attention had shifted to Korea, at 4.5%. But the 3 high-tech industries such as semiconductor disparities in R&D, even design and manufacture. For instance, in 1971 among the selected countries shown, are vast 2 it founded KAIST, which remains a leading in terms of the total national research university (see ‘Manipulat- spent, in 2018 ranging from US$16.3 billion ing brains with smartphones’). (Israel) to $526 billion 1 Targeted nation-building programmes were (China) and $551.5 billion also established. In 1995, for example, the gov- (United States). South ernment began a US$1.5-billion, ten-year plan Korea spent $95.4 billion as % of GDP domestic spending on R&D Gross 0 on R&D in 2018. Israel South Japan United China Canada to build up the national broadband infrastruc- SOURCES: NATURE INDEX; OECD GROSS DOMESTIC SPENDING ON R&D (INDICATOR) HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1787/D8B068B4-EN (ACCESSED 8 MAY 2020) 8 MAY (ACCESSED HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1787/D8B068B4-EN R&D (INDICATOR) ON SPENDING DOMESTIC GROSS INDEX; OECD NATURE SOURCES: Korea States ture and provide public programmes about maximizing its use. of industrial facilities by foreign companies to petrochemicals, car manufacturing and The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis prompted focus on home-grown labour-intensive indus- shipbuilding, as well as consumer electronics. many chaebols to shift from the reliance on tries, such as clothing and textiles. Crucially, low-value added exports characteristic of strong support for R&D was central to his first Samsung — the classic chaebol a ‘tiger’ economy towards technology and Five-Year Economic Development Plan in 1962 Samsung is a case in point. The company that knowledge-intensive products and services and manifest in his establishment of the Korea started life as a grocery trader in 1938 is now such as semiconductors, mobile phones and Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) in South Korea’s largest chaebol, operating in mobile applications. 1966, and the Ministry of Science and Technol- industries as diverse as electronics, insurance, Working with chaebols, the government ogy the following year. construction and shipbuilding. In 2018, it began developing regional innovation cen- These instruments supported the emer- produced roughly 15% of the nation’s gross tres such as Gyeonggi, an area of nearly gence of large industrial groups called chae- domestic product. 13 million people surrounding Seoul, which bols, which were owned and controlled by Its founder, Lee Byung Chul, with help from is now regarded as the nation’s economic and South Korean individuals or families. The government protectionist policies, expanded innovative powerhouse. government pushed the chaebols to invest into textiles after the Korean War, electronics The centre brought industry R&D and pro- heavily in R&D while shielding them from in the 1960s, then heavy industries, aerospace duction infrastructure together with local and competition. With increased R&D intensity and computing during the 1970s and early national universities and research facilities. that focused on applied knowledge, chaebols 1980s. By the 1990s and 2000s, Samsung was For instance, the Gyeonggi-based Samsung such as LG, Lotte and Samsung were driven a world leader in tablets and mobiles, and in the Electronics, Samsung’s flagship subsidiary, is towards new heavy industries, including design and manufacture of computer chips. collaborating with SKKU Chemistry to develop Corrected online 2 June 2020 | Nature | Vol 581 | 28 May 2020 | S55 ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited. All rights reserved. ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited. All rights reserved. South Korea index a semiconductor material that can reduce the amount of radiation exposure while taking diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, medical X-ray images. By 2010, South Korea MANIPULATING BRAINS addiction, depression and pain, says team had 105 regional innovation centres and 18 WITH SMARTPHONES leader and electrical engineer, Jeong Jae- techno-parks, as well as 7 federal programmes Woong. Weighing 2 grams, it uses LEGO-like to strengthen the competitiveness of indus- A team of researchers at KAIST — not to be replaceable drug cartridges, a probe the trial cluster programmes. confused with the KIST, with which it was thickness of a human hair, and powerful, Although government funding continued initially integrated — has fulfilled a dream of low-energy Bluetooth to deliver the drugs to promote R&D spending and programmes neuroscientists worldwide. and light, which turn neurones on or off to boost translational development and scien- Working with colleagues at the University without hurting the rodents. This ‘plug-and- tific, engineering and managerial expertise, the of Washington in Seattle, they have built a play’ interface was the major challenge, weight of major investment in R&D shifted to novel device capable of remotely controlling Jeong says. the corporate sector in search of patents and the brain circuitry of mice, via a smartphone. After two years of laboratory and animal profits. Private R&D spending accounted for It is the first wireless neural device that trials, the proof-of-concept paper was nearly 80% of South Korea’s total R&D spend- can continuously deliver multiple drugs published in Nature Biomedical Engineering ing in 2019, ahead of leading innovative nations and coloured light beams to control brain (R.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nature-Index-2021.Pdf
    2021 The Nature Index is a database of author affiliation information collated from research articles published in an independently selected group of high-quality science journals. It provides a close to real-time proxy of high-quality research output and collaboration at the institutional, national and regional level. natureindex.com 2021 CALENDAR Subject to change Nature Research publishes special reports based on the data and analysis of the Nature Index. For greatest impact, these are published in Nature. 18 MARCH From the perspective of grand challenges facing the planet, including ending hunger, improving health, securing clean ASIA AND water and energy, mitigating climate change and protecting THE PACIFIC the environment, this special report will examine the unique contributions made by institutions in Asia-Pacific to global Branded Content Deadlines research in the natural sciences. Emerging areas of research will • Written by NRCM*: 4 Dec be highlighted as well as up-and-coming institutions across the • Supplied by Client: 14 Jan region, including Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, South-East Asian and Pacific Islands nations. Display Ad Deadline: 1 Mar 27 MAY China is fast closing in on the US as the leading country for research output, and its universities and research institutes CHINA overwhelmingly dominate the ranks of the fastest-rising institutions in Nature Index. With particular focus on chemistry Branded Content Deadlines and the physical sciences, this supplement will examine • Written by NRCM*: 25 Feb the factors behind this dazzling research performance. The • Supplied by Client: 25 Mar contributions of individual scientists, collaborative teams and Display Ad Deadline: 10 May institutions will be featured, from nanotechnology and materials engineering to macromolecular chemistry, biochemistry and cell biology, among other areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Stripes: Save Tigers Save So
    REPORT T2x 2017 BEYOND THE STRIPES SAVE TIGERS, SAVE SO MUCH MORE Front cover A street art painting of a tiger along Brick Lane, London by artist Louis Masai. © Stephanie Sadler FOREWORD: SEEING BEYOND THE STRIPES 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 8 1. SAVING A BIODIVERSITY TREASURE TROVE 10 Tigers and biodiversity 12 Protecting flagship species 14 WWF Acknowledgements Connecting landscapes 16 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced We would like to thank all the tiger-range governments, independent conservation organizations, with over partners and WWF Network offices for their support in the Driving political momentum 18 25 million followers and a global network active in more production of this report, as well as the following people in Return of the King – Cambodia and Kazakhstan 20 than 100 countries. particular: WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s Working Team natural environment and to build a future in which people 2. BENEFITING PEOPLE: CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 22 Michael Baltzer, Michael Belecky, Khalid Pasha, Jennifer live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s Safeguarding watersheds and water security 24 biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable Roberts, Yap Wei Lim, Lim Jia Ling, Ashleigh Wang, Aurelie natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the Shapiro, Birgit Zander, Caroline Snow, Olga Peredova. Tigers and clean water – India 26 reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Edits and Contributions: Sejal Worah, Vijay Moktan, Mitigating climate change 28 A WWF International production Thibault Ledecq, Denis Smirnov, Zhu Jiang, Liu Peiqi, Arnold Tigers, carbon and livelihoods – Russian Far East 30 Sitompul, Mark Rayan Darmaraj, Ghana S.
    [Show full text]
  • Takeoffs, Landing, and Economic Growth
    ADBI Working Paper Series TAKEOFFS, LANDING, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Debayan Pakrashi and Paul Frijters No. 641 January 2017 Asian Development Bank Institute Debayan Pakrashi is an assistant professor of economics at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Paul Frijters is a professor of economics at the University of Queensland. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China. Unless otherwise stated, boxes, figures, and tables without explicit sources were prepared by the authors. Suggested citation: Pakrashi, D. and P. Frijters. 2017. Takeoffs, Landing, and Economic Growth. ADBI Working Paper 641. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/takeoffs-landing-and-economic-growth Please contact the authors for information about this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Economic Crisis: Contagion and Fundamentals
    The Developing Economies, XL-2 (June 2002): 135–51 INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC CRISIS: CONTAGION AND FUNDAMENTALS REINY IRIANA FREDRIK SJÖHOLM The severe and unanticipated economic downturn in Indonesia mirrored the regional economic fallout following the 1997 financial crisis. Although it is likely that the crisis in neighboring countries had an adverse impact on Indonesia, the issue has so far re- ceived little attention. This paper examines whether contagion from the economic crisis in Thailand triggered the crisis in Indonesia. Evidence of such a contagion is revealed, and the contagion was possibly exacerbated by increasing imbalances in the Indonesian economy. The paper also examines the channels through which the economic difficul- ties of Thailand might have been transmitted to Indonesia. Investors’ behavior, rather than real links, is identified as one important channel for the contagion. I. INTRODUCTION NDONESIA was the far worst affected economy in the Asian crisis, with the sever ity of its crisis coming as a surprise to many observers. In fact, very few pre I dicted the crisis in Indonesia even after the devaluation of the Thai baht in July 1997.1 On the contrary, it was widely argued that the crisis would pass without much effect because of Indonesia’s sound macroeconomic fundamentals. Indone- sia enjoyed the highest economic growth in Southeast Asia, low inflation, a relatively modest current account deficit, rapid export growth and growing interna- tional currency reserves. In retrospect, it seems clear that such views were errone- ous. This raises the question of why the crisis in Indonesia was so severe and, according to several observers, far more severe than can be attributed to macroeco- nomic imbalances.2 One factor that might have been important for the Indonesian crisis is contagion from other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Scripps Florida Funding Corporation
    SCRIPPS FLORIDA FUNDING CORPORATION ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS DAVID J. GURY, CHAIRMAN ∙ DR. PAMELLA DANA, VICE CHAIRMAN C. GERALD GOLDSMITH ∙ MARK J. KASTEN RICHARD M. LUCERI, M.D. ∙ ART WOTIZ SARA MISSELHORN, PROJECT DIRECTOR Scripps Florida Funding Corporation Annual Report For Year Ended September 30, 2019 INTRODUCTION Florida Statute 288.955 (the “Enabling Statute”) created Scripps Florida Funding Corporation (“SFFC”) to facilitate the establishment and operation of a biomedical research institution for the purposes of enhancing education and research and promoting economic development and diversity. In addition, the Enabling Statute charged SFFC with the obligation to assure the compliance by The Scripps Research Institute (“TSRI”) with the Enabling Statute and the agreement between SFFC and TSRI (the “Operating and Funding Agreement”). The Enabling Statute provides that SFFC shall prepare or obtain certain reports, audits, and evaluations of TSRI’s compliance with the performance expectations and disbursement conditions contained in the Enabling Statute. As such, SFFC is submitting this Annual Report to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House, as required by the Enabling Statute to be submitted by December 1 of each year. This SFFC Annual Report addresses the activities and outcomes of SFFC and Scripps Florida (“SF”) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 (“Fiscal 2019”). The Scripps Florida Annual Report addressed the activities and outcomes of Scripps Florida for the year ended June 30, 2019, and the information in the Scripps Florida Annual Report was informally updated for this SFFC Annual Report.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and System Insufficiencies?
    sustainability Article A Scientometric Study on Depression among University Students in East Asia: Research and System Insufficiencies? Minh-Hoang Nguyen 1,* , Manh-Tung Ho 1,2 , Viet-Phuong La 1 , Quynh-Yen Thi. Nguyen 3, Manh-Toan Ho 1 , Thu-Trang Vuong 4, Tam-Tri Le 5, Manh-Cuong Nguyen 6 and Quan-Hoang Vuong 1,7,* 1 Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam; [email protected] (M.-T.H.); [email protected] (V.-P.L.); [email protected] (M.-T.H.) 2 Institute of Philosophy, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 59 Lang Ha Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 3 College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Oita 874-8577, Japan; [email protected] 4 Sciences Po Paris, 27 Rue Saint-Guillaume, 75007 Paris, France; [email protected] 5 International Cooperation Policy, Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Oita 874-8577, Japan; [email protected] 6 Faculty of International Studies, Hanoi University, Km9, Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam; [email protected] 7 Centre Emile Bernheim, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.-H.N.); [email protected] or [email protected] (Q.-H.V.) Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 15 February 2020; Published: 17 February 2020 Abstract: Given that mental health issues are acute in Asian countries, particularly Japan and Korea, and university students are more vulnerable to depression than the general population, this study aims to examine the landscapes of scientific research regarding depressive disorders among university students and evaluate the effectiveness of international collaboration and funding provision on the scientific impact in Korea, Japan, and China.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming an Asian Tiger: What Lessons Bangladesh Can Get from East Asian Miracles?
    International Journal of Social Science And Human Research ISSN(print): 2644-0679, ISSN(online): 2644-0695 Volume 04 Issue 03 March 2021 DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i3-18, Impact factor-5.586 Page No : 369- 384 Becoming An Asian Tiger: What Lessons Bangladesh Can Get From East Asian Miracles? 1. MdIkhtiar Uddin Bhuiyan1, Jasmin2 1Assistant Professor Department of Government and Politics Jahangiranagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Masters Student Department of Government and Politics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh ABSTRACT: The economy of Bangladesh is extremely dynamic and its increasing economic growth is contributing in improving the quality of livings of its people. According to some observers, Bangladesh is becoming a new Asian Tiger as it is the fastest growing economy in the continent. East Asian miracle has left a lot of lessons which are favorable for Bangladesh to become the next Asian Tiger. This paper has tried to review the East Asian miracle and explore lessons from this miracle for other developing countries, especially for Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the way by which Bangladesh can become an Asian Tiger, beside it focused on its challenges to be an Asian Tiger and how it can overcome them? Data were collected from different research papers, articles, journals, reports of different national and international organizations, websites and newspapers related to this topic for analyzing problems. It is founded that Bangladesh is in the right economic track but corruption and weak institutions are the main problems need to be solved and it is possible for Bangladesh to be an Asian Tiger.
    [Show full text]
  • 6.3 Dilemmas of a South-East Asian Immigration Country: Malaysia As
    6.3 Dilemmas of a South-East Asian immigration country: Malaysia As one of the emerging second-wave ‘tiger economies’, Malaysia has enjoyed very rapid economic growth. This has led to a migration transition: although some Malaysians still go abroad for work, immigration has grown sharply. Entries include highly-skilled expatriates from many countries, refugees from troubled areas of Southeast Asia, but the great majority are labour migrants – many of them irregular – from Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Thailand. Malaysian policies have fluctuated considerably, depending on a range of economic and political factors. Today, Malaysia is estimated to have (after Singapore) the second-largest share foreign share in its labour force of any Asian country - 12 per cent (ILO, 2007: 39). Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, middle-income country. Its complex ethnic balance is a result of colonial labour import for the tin mines and rubber plantations. In 2005 the population of 26 million was made up of 62 per cent Malays, 24 per cent Chinese, 7 per cent Indians and 6 per cent non-citizens (UNDP, 2007). Successful economic management has led to rapid economic growth and industrialization since the 1980s, making Malaysia intro a ‘second-wave tiger economy’ with severe labour shortages, especially in the plantation sector. Malaysia made the ‘migration transition’ from mainly labour export to mainly labour import in the mid-1980s, relatively early in its development process. Lim attributes this to two special factors: the multi-ethnic population, which facilitated rapid reactivation of historical migration networks; and the open export-oriented economy, with high rates of foreign investment (Lim, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL LONGEVITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2019 (First Edition) National Longevity Development Plans Global Landscape Overview 2019: First Edition
    NATIONAL LONGEVITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS: GLOBAL OVERVIEW 2019 (First Edition) National Longevity Development Plans Global Landscape Overview 2019: First Edition Longevity Initiatives Classification and Executive Summary 4 94 Level of Comprehensiveness Infographic Summary 17 United Kingdom 95 Ranking Countries on the Strength, Scope and Relevance 18 Netherlands 98 of their Government-Led Longevity Projects and Initiatives Scale and Scope of Government Longevity 19 Singapore 101 Development Plans Industrial Strategies, National Master Plans, Independent 28 South Korea 104 or Municipal Government Programs Insolvency Predictions for Government-Funded Schemes 30 Israel 107 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy vs. Life Expectancy 33 Switzerland 110 Age Dependency Annual Dynamic 40 Hong Kong 113 Report Methodology 53 Japan 116 National Longevity Development Plans Global Landscape Overview 2019: First Edition Switzerland - Strong Bioscience Initiative, Diverse Policies for the United States of America 119 207 Elderly in a Small Geographic Area. Hong Kong - Tiger economy, Detailed Schemes for the Elderly Spain 122 222 with an Emphasis on Preventive Care. Japan - Elderly Population, Age-Friendly Urban Planning, European Union 125 244 Robotics for the Elderly and Joint Research Initiative with the UK. United States of America - Economic Giant with a Strong China 128 260 Scientific Base and Large Longevity Industry. United Kingdom - Global Science Hub, Industrial Strategy Spain - Elderly Population Twice the Age of its Democratic 131 271 for an Ageing Society, a Joint Research Initiative with Israel. Institutions, Rapidly Production of Diverse Programs. Netherlands - Tradition of Spending on Prevention and EU - Continental Coordinating Power, a Clear Interest in Fostering 147 289 Commercialization of Public Research. International Research Cooperation and Setting Standards.
    [Show full text]
  • China Science and Technology Newsletter
    CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NEWSLETTER Department of International Cooperation No.1 Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST), P.R.China January 10 2015 Special Issue: Review of China’s R&D Statistics and Scientific Performance in 2014 China’s R&D Intensity Hits a Record 2 percent China Ranks 4th in Science Paper Citation Nature Index Released: China has the Second Largest S&T Output USTC Continues to Head Chinese Universities in NPI Ranking 134 Chinese Researchers Honored as 2014 Highly Cited Scientists China Needs to Improve Science Papers' Quality China Releases IP Index Report China International Patent Fair Rounded off in Dalian China’s R&D Intensity Hits a Record 2 percent On October 22nd, 2014, the National Bureau of nation kept growing in 2013, and R&D intensity (R&D Statistics (NBS), the Ministry of Science and Technology expenditure as a percentage of GDP) exceeded 2 percent (MOST) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) jointly for the first time. released a government report on science and technology According to the introduction from a senior statistician spending (S&T) for the year 2013 (hereinafter referred and in NBS, the data of the report reflected government to as “the report”). Statistics from the report showed that efforts in guiding and promoting home-grown innovation research and development (R&D) input of the whole and the increased role of the industry community as a Monthly-Editorial Board:Building A8 West, Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China Contact: Prof.Zhang Ning E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] http://www.caistc.com major player in R&D investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights from a Survey-Based Analysis of the Academic Job Market
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/796466; this version posted October 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Insights from a survey-based analysis of the academic job market Jason D. Fernandes1†, Sarvenaz Sarabipour2†, Christopher T. Smith3, Natalie M. Niemi4, Nafisa M. Jadavji5, Ariangela J. Kozik6, Alex S. Holehouse7, Vikas Pejaver8, Orsolya Symmons9, Alexandre W. Bisson Filho10, Amanda Haage11* 1Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States 2Institute for Computational Medicine & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States 3Office of Postdoctoral Affairs, North Carolina State University Graduate School, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States 4Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States 6Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States 7Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States 8Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical
    [Show full text]
  • GLOBAL LEADERS the Four Natural Sciences Subjects Covered by the Nature Index Ranked by Their 10 Subject Appearance FC in That Subject
    NATURE INDEX | ANNUAL TABLES ANNUAL TABLES | NATURE INDEX Life sciences is the only top CHANGE IN SUBJECT THIS GRAPH EXPLAINED 10 appearance for UCSF SUBJECT FC FC** 2017–18 (%) TOP 10 BY SUBJECT The left axis of the central graph shows the top 20 global institutions ranked by (ranked 44th overall) and U.Penn (26th overall) Fractional Count (FC.)*. The right side shows the top 10 institutions in each of Yale makes its only top –30% 0% 30% GLOBAL LEADERS the four natural sciences subjects covered by the Nature Index ranked by their 10 subject appearance FC in that subject. Line widths are proportional to each institution’s FC, and the in the life sciences. It Harvard U 621.64 While the Nature Index top 20 institutions vertical bars on either side show the percentage change in FC. gained 7 places from SOURCE: NATURE INDEX SOURCE: NATURE 2017 to rank 17 in the also dominate our 2018 subject rankings, Overall Life sciences Chemistry Physical sciences top 100 overall. NIH 348.12 outliers offer some surprises. Earth & environmental sciences Stanford U 300.65 Max Planck Society 292.64 Peking University Among the top 10 ranks, debuted in the global CAS 252.84 CHANGE IN TOTAL positions 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 top 10 in 2018. are unchanged since 2015. 2018 GLOBAL TOP 20 FC** 2017–18 (%) FC* BY SUBJECT MIT 208.54 University of California, –15% 0% 15% San Francisco 200.65 1. Chinese Academy of Yale U 192.08 Sciences FC 1,698.14 Cambridge 187.76 The vertical light grey bar University of Pennsylvania shows an institution’s total FC, 186.31 which may be less than the sum of its subject FCs because some articles are counted in more than one subject.
    [Show full text]