DOCSLIB.ORG

LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT of a MASONRY DOME Tun Li Clemson University, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT of a MASONRY DOME Tun Li Clemson University, Tunli2012@Gmail.Com Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2012 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF A MASONRY DOME Tun Li Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Li, Tun, "LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF A MASONRY DOME" (2012). All Theses. 1449. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1449 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF A MASONRY DOME A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Civil Engineering by Tun Li August 2012 Accepted by: Dr. Sezer Atamturktur, Committee Chair Dr. Hsein Juang Dr. Nadarajah Ravichandran i ABSTRACT This thesis first establishes a semi-empirical relationship to estimate the reduction in load carrying capacity of a masonry dome due to damage by exploiting deviations in the fundamental natural frequency. A macro finite element model of the dome is developed and calibrated using both non-destructive vibration measurements and destructive load-displacement measurements up to failure. The macro-model is then executed to simulate incremental development of cracks. The first natural frequency and remaining load carrying capacity of the dome are monitored to define a semi-empirical relationship, which is ultimately generalized for spherical domes with varying span-to- height ratios. Subsequently, in order to numerically determine the load carrying capacity of a masonry dome, this thesis further investigates three established techniques of FE modeling for the masonry dome: detailed micro-modeling, simplified micro-modeling, and macro-modeling. Linear properties of these three alternative models are first calibrated with the modal parameters identified through dynamic modal testing conducted on the scaled dome specimen in the laboratory. Then, the fidelity and robustness of these three different modeling approaches are evaluated by comparing the model predictions against static load-to-failure test data obtained in the laboratory. ii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents Jinbao Li and Baisheng Liu. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sezer Atamturktur, for her continued inspiration and instruction on my way to fulfill my master’s degree. And I want to thank my committee members, Dr. Hsein Juang and Dr. Nadarajah Ravichandran, for their advice and encouragement. I am grateful to Michael Ramge for sharing valuable experimental data, Jack Germaine and Steve Rudolph for helping with the physical testing. And I also would like to acknowledge Ismail Farajpour, Kendra Buren and Joshua Hegenderfer for collaborating the necessary codes in this thesis. Many appreciations go to Karma Yonten and Godfrey Kimball for their editorial help. I also would like to thank the PTT Grants program of the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT) of the Department of Interior, for providing the funds that made this work possible. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 Motivation and Background .................................................................... 1 Main Contributions and Objectives ......................................................... 2 Main Findings of the Thesis .................................................................... 3 II. LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF A SCALED MASONRY DOME: SIMULATIONS VALIDATED WITH NON-DESTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................. 5 Introduction .............................................................................................. 5 Scaled Dome Model ................................................................................. 8 Finite Element Model Development ........................................................ 9 Test-Analysis Correlation with Non-Destructive Test: Linear Material Properties Calibration ............................................ 16 Test-Analysis Correlation with Destructive Test: Nonlinear Material Properties Calibration ....................................... 24 Simulation of Damage via Experimentally Informed FE Models ......... 26 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 35 III. FIDELITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF DETAILED MICRO-, SIMPLIFIED MICRO- AND MACRO-MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR A MASONRY DOME ........................................ 39 v Table of Contents (Continued) Page Introduction ............................................................................................ 39 FE Modeling Strategies for Masonry Construction ............................... 42 Scaled Dome Model ............................................................................... 44 Finite Element Model Development of the Scaled Masonry Dome ...... 45 Experimental Investigations................................................................... 51 Evaluation of Model Fidelity ................................................................. 56 Evaluation of Model Robustness ........................................................... 62 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 64 IV. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................... 68 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 70 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Geometric properties of the dome.................................................................. 9 2.2 FE model input parameters before and after calibration .............................. 16 2.3 Variables of the digital signal-processing .................................................... 19 2.4 Comparison of the predicted and measured natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes ............................................................ 23 2.5 Modal analysis solutions .............................................................................. 30 2.6 Comparison of the simulated mechanical behavior of the dome ................. 32 3.1 Material properties of the masonry components for the detailed micro-model ............................................................................. 46 3.2 Parameters for the contact pair .................................................................... 47 3.3 Material and geometric parameters for the homogenization process .......... 49 3.4 Material properties of the expended unit in the simplified micro-model .... 50 3.5 Material parameters for the macro-model.................................................... 51 3.6 Parameters of the data acquisition and digital signal processing ................. 53 3.7 Calibration of the Young’s modulus ............................................................ 56 3.8 Comparison between the experiment and FE simulation ............................ 60 3.9 Variations of each case ................................................................................ 62 3.10 Coefficient of variation ................................................................................ 64 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 The scaled dome constructed with AAC tile and fast-setting gypsum cement...................................................................... 9 2.2 FE model of the dome .................................................................................. 11 2.3 Asymptotic convergence of the six natural frequencies as mesh is refined ................................................................................... 12 2.4 Simplified stress-strain curve for concrete in ANSYS ................................ 14 2.5 (Left) Excitation points, (Right) Measurement points ................................. 18 2.6 Typical response history measurements: (Left) hammer impact, (Right) vibration response ................................ 19 2.7 Reciprocity check between Points 6 and 10 ................................................ 20 2.8 Linearity check: (Top) the driving point FRF for the crown of the dome, (Bottom) the corresponding coherence function.................................... 21 2.9 Experimental setup for the destructive testing ............................................. 25 2.10 Test and simulation correlation ...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Food and Wine Grand Tour of Sicily
    Food and Wine Grand Tour of Sicily This tour of Sicily will lead you for 10 days to the discovery of the most striking spots of Sicily with a focus on the excellent Sicilian cuisine. Sicily 10 ND Multi Days Private This Food and Wine Grand Tour of Sicily will lead you for 10 days to the discovery of the most striking spots of Sicily with a focus on the excellent Sicilian cuisine. Route: Land: Palermo airport (PMO – Falcone Borsellino International Airport), West Side Leave: Catania airport (CTA – Fontanarossa International Airport), East Side Days: 1st – LAND: Palermo airport (PMO: Falcone Borsellino International Airport)/Town 2nd – Palermo Walking and Street Food Tour and Monreale 3rd – Palermo/Erice/Lunch in a Olive Oil Farmhouse/Winery/Palermo 4th – Palermo/Countryside/Agrigento 5th – Agrigento/Temples Valley/Roman Villa/Syracuse 6th – Syracuse, Half Day Walking Tour 7th – Syracuse/”Truffle Hunting” and “Time Machine” Experience/Truffle Cooking Show in a Watermill 8th – Syracuse/Noto/Ragusa/Modica/Taormina 9th – Etna and lunch in a Winery by Jeep WD4X4 Land Rover (no ascent to the summit) 10th – Taormina/LEAVE: Catania airport (CTA: Fontanarossa International Airport) 10 days/9 nights: Palermo (3 nights) Agrigento (1 night) Syracuse (3 nights) Taormina (2 nights) The routing of this Food and Wine Grand Tour of Sicily includes a good mix of Sicilian culinary experiences, landscapes, art and culture. You will get on a WD4x4 Land Rover and you will travel through off the beaten paths. You will hunt truffles with a trained dog and you will have meals with local people. Will be savored typical street food, pastries and a variety of Sicilian wines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barocco Valley – Noto, Modica and Ragusa
    [email protected] The Barocco Valley – Noto, Modica and Ragusa Today meet our staff and departure for Noto. In the Arab period the town was the capital of one of the three districts of Sicily (the Val di Noto) and once defeated by the Christians, Noto became a rich Norman city. Unfortunately it was - totally destroyed by the 1693 Sicilian earthquake and rebuilt in a new position nearer to the Ionian Sea. But the new Noto is a masterpiece of Sicilian Baroque! Most of the buildings, including churches and noble palaces, follow one another along the main street - and are characterized by the honey tonality of tufa stone. Facades and balconies are all skillfully decorated by grinning masks, lion heads, putti and other embellishments. Unmissable is Noto Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Nicholas and built in perfect Sicilian Baroque style. - Then to Modica. Like the other towns in the Val di Noto, was badly damaged in the 1693 earthquake and largely rebuilt in Sicilian Baroque style. It is divided into two parts, “higher” Modica and “lower” Modica, which are connected by numerous flights of steps. Palazzi and houses rise from the bottom of the gorge Italian, English seemingly stacked one on top of the other. Magnificent churches, with their inspiring domes, bell towers and intricate facades, punctuate the red-tiled roofs and one is struck by the uniform beauty of the whole. Modica has a long and varied history, complete with the usual toing and froing of successions of invaders. It came to real prominence in 1296, when Frederick II of Aragon (not to - be confused with Frederick II “Stupor Mundi”) formed the “County of Modica”, a kind of “state within a state” that was initially governed by Mandfredi I Chiaramonte.
    [Show full text]
  • ซิซิลี 12 วัน 9 คืน / by Thai Airways (Tg) (บินตรง)
    INCREDIBLE MALTA - SICILY 12 DAYS (TG) เส้นทางพิเศษเจาะลึก มอลต้า - ซิซิลี 12 วัน 9 คืน / BY THAI AIRWAYS (TG) (บินตรง) INCREDIBLE MALTA - SICILY 12 DAYS (TG) เจาะลึก มอลต้า – ซิซิลี 12 วัน (TG) 1 | P a g e ไฮไลท์ของโปรแกรม >> นักเดินทางห้ามพลาดเด็ดขาดเส้นทางสุดพิเศษที่น้อยคนจะ ได้ไปเยือน และต่างพูดเป็นเสียงเดียวกันว่า สวยมากๆ รับประกันว่าสวยมาก เท่ียวแบบเจาะลึกไปทัง้ ทีเท่ียวครบ โดยเฉพาะสถานที่ Unseen สวยๆ >> ชมเกาะ Malta ประเทศเล็กๆ ที่อยู่ในทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน >> ชมเกาะ Sicily เกาะที่ใหญ่ที่สุดของอิตาลี ที่มีประวัติศาสตร์อันยาวนาน >> ชมเมือง Valletta เหมืองหลวงของมอลต้า >> ชมเกาะ Gozo Island เกาะสุดสวยสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวที่มามอลต้าต้องห้ามพลาด >> ชมหมู่บ้าน Popeye Village หมู่บา้ นที่ถกู สรา้ งข้ ึนเพื่อใชส้ รา้ งภาพยนตรป์ ๊ อปอาย (Unseen) >> ชมถา้ Blue Grotto สุดมหัศจรรย์ของมอลต้า (Unseen) >> ชมเมือง Taormina เมืองที่ไดข้ ้ ึนชื่อว่าสวยที่สุดของเกาะซิซิลี >> ข้ ึนชม ภูเขาไฟ Etna ภูเขาไฟที่ยังไม่ดับที่สูงที่สุดในยุโรป >> ชมเมือง Catania เมืองสวยของซิซิลี >> ชมเมือง Cefalu เมืองที่มีชายหาดสวยที่สุดในซิซิลี (Unseen) >> ชมเมือง Modica เมืองเล็กๆสุดสวยของซิซิลี (Unseen) >> ชมเมือง Noto เมืองเล็กสุดสวย Unesco (Unseen) >> ชมเมือง Ortigia เมืองริมทะเลสุดสวย (Unseen) >> ชมคฤหาสน์ Roman Villa Del Casale สุดสวย Unesco (Unseen) >> ชมวิหาร Valley of the Temples แห่งเมือง Agrigento (Unseen) >> ชมเมือง Monreale อีกหนึ่งเมืองสวยของซิซิลี >> ชมเมือง Palermo เมืองหลวงสุดสวยของซิซิลี >> ชมโรงผลิตไวน์ของเกาะซิซิลี >> ชอ้ ปป้ ิ งกรุงโรม พักโรงแรมระดับ 4 ดาว พิเศษเมนู ซีฟู๊ด / สปาเก็ตต้ ี / พิซซ่า /สเตก็ / ไวน ์ รวมค่าคนขับรถในยุโรป/ รวมค่าพนักงานยกกระเป๋า
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Sicily There’S a Rich History Behind Sicily’S Complex Character
    16 Destination Sicily There’s a rich history behind Sicily’s complex character. Nearly 25 centuries of foreign domination have had a massive impact on the island’s cultural output: the Greeks built elegant classical structures, while a unique mix of Byzantine artistry and Norman severity endowed Sicily with some of the most unusual and beautiful buildings in Europe; FAST FACTS in later centuries the Spanish topped off this exotic composition with a Population: 4.97 million flourish of baroque. Sicily also has a natural beauty that’s astounding: grapevines stretch from the slopes of brooding Mt Etna to the parched Area: 25,708 sq km landscapes of the west, and the aquamarine waters off the 1000km GDP per head: €15,227 coastline are splashed with volcanic islands. GDP growth: 1.4% The island has often been in the headlines recently, with the explosive violence between rival football fans of Catania and Palermo in February Inflation: 2.6% 2007, and the spate of wildfires that scorched the island throughout the Unemployment summer months of the same year. Etna erupted again in September 2007, rate: 20% and Stromboli barked but had no bite (though we could easily eat our Estimated Mafia profits words on this one). Further afield, the immigration crisis continued on in 2004: €123 billion the southern island of Lampedusa. It’s also been a busy few years on the anti-Mafia front. The arrest Annual pasta of the big Mafia boss Bernardo Provenzano in April 2006 made ordi- consumption per nary Sicilians and politicians across Italy believe what many previously person: 42kg thought was impossible – that the end of the Mafia might be in sight.
    [Show full text]
  • Unmasking Noto: the Baroque of Reconciliation
    Unmasking Noto: The Baroque of Reconciliation LUCA SCARFI Impersonal forces do not transform human settlements. Or at least they do so only on rare occa- sions, and these are natural disasters: fire, flood, earthquake, and pestilence. Otherwise, the modi- fication of settlement is a human act, however complex, accomplished for human motives, however obscure or ineffective. —Kevin Lynch On January 11, 1693, a violent earthquake hit the eastern coast of Sicily. The physical destructions of the region's urban centers precipitated the disintegration of the social, economic, and cultural structures they housed. The walled town of Noto was the most widely devastated.' A little over two centuries later, in 2002, UNESCO se- lected Noto along with seven other towns in the Val di Noto region for protection as "World Heritage Sites." As the UNESCO report specified, this "group of towns in south-eastern Sicily" met four criteria all of which were aesthetic in substance, and provided "outstanding testimony to the exuberant genius of late Baroque art and ar- chitecture."' The reasons underlying UNESCO's decision related in particular to the exceptional richness of late Baroque architectural detail found in Noto's ecclesiastical and secular buildings as well as to a unique urban con- figuration, which is inextricably linked to the architectural and natural surroundings. The process of selection was furthermore expedited in Noto's case because of the collapse of the dome and roof of the cathedral's central nave, which left the structure—a jewel of the Italian cultural patrimony— especially "endangered." The tragedy, which could and should have been avoided, was the result of technical, political, and organizational failures that occurred prior to UNESCO's selection, when the problems that led to the collapse were ignored and so took their own course.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage of Religion, Beliefs and Spirituality Patrimoine De La Religion, Des Croyances Et De La Spiritualité
    Heritage of religion, beliefs and spirituality Patrimoine de la religion, des croyances et de la spiritualité A bibliography Une bibliographie By ICOMOS Documenta on Centre - October 2014 Par le Centre de Documenta on ICOMOS - Octobre 2014 Updated and edited by Valéria De Almeida Gomes, intern at ICOMOS Documentation Centre, and Lucile Smirnov. This bibliography refers to documents and materials available at ICOMOS Documentation Centre. It does not intend to be a comprehensive list of scientific literature on religions cultural heritage. Any reference can be consulted or scanned, subject to the limits of copyright legislation. Actualisé et mis en page par Valéria De Almeida Gomes et Lucile Smirnov. Cette bibliographie fait référence à des documents et ouvrages disponibles au Centre de documentation de l’ICOMOS. Elle ne prétend pas constituer une bibliographie exhaustive de la littérature scientifique sur e patrimoine culturel des religions. Toutes ces références peuvent être consultées ou scannées dans la limite de la loi sur le copyright. Contact ICOMOS Documentation Centre / Centre de Documentation ICOMOS http://www.icomos.org/en/documentation-center [email protected] © ICOMOS Documentation Centre, October 2014. ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and sites Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites 11 rue du Séminaire de Conflans 94 220 Charenton-le-Pont France Tel. + 33 (0) 1 41 94 17 59 http://www.icomos.org Cover photographs: Photos de couverture : Hagia Sophia, Istanbul © David Spencer / Flickr; Borobudur near Yogyakarta. ©: Paul Arps/Flickr; Old Jewish Cemetery (Starý židovský hrbitov), Prague (Prag/Praha) © Ulf Liljankoski / Flickr Index Polytheism and early cults ......................................................... 2 African syncretism and traditional religions .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Another Sicily”, Another Land
    nd La er th no , a ly ci Si r e th o n A Italy without Sicily leaves no image in your soul: here is the key to everything... W. Goethe Buongiornosicily Tour Operator by Sichelia Viaggi s.a.s. Piazza Umberto,10 -95032 Belpasso (CT) Italy Tel. 00 39(0)95 917592 - 0039 (0)95 370031 www. buongiornosicily. com – info@buongiornosicily. com Index Introduction 3 Tours: 4 days Who we are 4-5 Castiglione di Sicilia and Alcantara Gorges 25 Caltagirone, Catania, Mount Etna 26 Tours Castel di Tusa, Cefalù, Tindari,S.S.Camastra 27 Archeological Sicily Tour 6 Modica, Ragusa Ibla, Scicli, Donnafugata 28 Classical Sicily Tour 7 Noto Vendicari, Marzamemi, Palazzolo Iblean Lands Tour 8 Acreide 29 Valdemone Tour 9 Piazza Armerina, Aidone, Morgantina, Val di Mazara Tour 10 Sperlinga, Catania 30 Unknown Itineraries 11 Old Pathways of Noto 31 Wine-Tasting in Sicily Tour 12- 13 Erice, Mozia, Marsala, Segesta, Selinunte 32 Knowing, Tasting, Cooking... Cefalù, Palermo, Monreale, Bagheria 33 enogastronomic tour with cookery class 14- 15 Sicilian Countryside Tour 16 Culture and Cuisine at Villa Lionti 17 Golf and Culture between Sicily and Malta 18 Heavenly sounds Val di Noto church organ tour 19-20 Heavenly sounds Val Demone church organ tour 21-22 Volcano Trekking between sea and fire 23 “AIR – WATER – FIRE – LAND” 24 Buongiornosicily Tour Operator by Sichelia Viaggi s.a.s. Introduction Dream of Sicily… that’s what people do before and especially after they vi- sit this wonderful island. To travel through Sicily is to search for knowledge. And to find it! Sicily will astonish you with its thousands of different realities: the inviting sea… majestic Etna Volcano offe- ring you a panoramic sea view while you are skiing… many mo- numents… archaeological parks… the International E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pavia Civic Tower and the Noto Cathedral
    Transactions on the Built Environment vol 66, © 2003 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Failures due to long-term behaviour of heavy structures: the Pavia Civic Tower and the Noto Cathedral L. Binda, A. Anzani & A. Saisi - DIS Dept. of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Abstract The failure of monumental buildings is fortunately an exceptional event; nevertheless, when their safety assessment is required, any risk factor that may affect the integrity of the buildings has to be taken into account. Ancient buildmgs often show diffused crack patterns, which may be due to different causes in relation to their original function, to their construction technique and to their load history. In many cases it is simply the dead load, usually very high in massive monumental buildings, which plays a major role into the formation and propagation of the crack pattern. Some case histories are presented with more attention to the main collapses: the Civic Tower of Pavia and the Cathedral of Noto. 1 Introduction The failure of some monumental buildings apparently happened a few years after a relatively low intensity shock took place. This seems to suggest that some phenomenon developing in time has probably to be involved in the causes of the failure, combined in a complex synergetic way with other factors. The phenomena of early and retarded deformations of historic masonry structures will be described referring particularly to two representative cases: the Pavia Civic Tower collapsed in 1989 and the Cathedral of Noto collapsed in 1996. The state of damage detected through on site investigation on two other towers, the bell-tower of the Cathedral of Monza and the bell-tower of the Cathedral of Cremona will also be described together with the damage state of the pillars of some Sicilian churches.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Art of Research on Historic Structures in Italy
    State of the Art of Research on Historic Structures in Italy L. Binda and A. Saisi Dept. of Structural Engineering - Politecnico of Milan. Italy 1. INTRODUCTION Many experiences in restoration and rehabilitation of damaged masonry buildings have been carried out in Italy during more than fifty years; in many cases the interventions were performed after a long period of misuse and lack of maintenance following the second world war. During this period also major earthquakes have taken place in most of the Mediterranean countries. The intervention on the ancient masonry buildings should be inserted in the wider contest of the rehabilitation of the historic centres, which touches multidisciplinary aspects. The intervention should take into account the modern restoration and conservation theories which interest both monuments but also all the historic buildings [Carbonara, 1996]. The preservation necessity was extended to the buildings previously considered as minor, but meaningful testimonies of the art of building. Then, an effective and coherent preservation of the historic centres should develop a deep knowledge of the materials and local technologies used in the “minor” buildings. These were often built by poor materials but with effective techniques, refined in the centuries with specific rules [Giuffrè, 1996]. Often the study of the building rules and structural details, such as the wall sections, has a great importance in the mechanic behaviour of a building. As an example, historic stone- masonry buildings present a peculiar structural and durability behaviour which is different from the one of the brick-masonry buildings [Giuffrè, 1991], [Giuffrè, 1993]. Fig. 1. Damages after Umbria earthquake to a building repaired by introduction of concrete tie beams.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology Applied to the Removal of the Ruins and to the Survey of the Remains After the Collapse of the Noto Cathedral in Sicily
    Transactions on the Built Environment vol 39 © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Methodology applied to the removal of the ruins and to the survey of the remains after the collapse of the Noto Cathedral in Sicily R. De Benedictis^, S. Tringali®, C. Gavarini^, L. Binda^, G. Baronio^ ^Professional Engineer, Designer, 96100 Siracusa, Italy EMail: [email protected] ®Architect, Designer, 97014 Ispica (SR), Italy EMail: [email protected] ^Dip. Ing. Strutt. & Geot. University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy EMail: [email protected] (*>DIS, Politecnico of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy EMail: [email protected]. it Abstract The Cathedral of Noto, built in the eighteenth century, and damaged by an earthquake occurred in 1990 collapsed partially the evening of March 13, 1996. The removal of the collapsed parts had to be carried out following a methodology which did not have any existing guideline. After the provisional structures were built for the safety of the site, the survey of the site was carried out by traditional geodetic techniques and by an aereal photogrammetry of the ruins. Every recoverable block and piece of material was cleaned, catalogued and removed carefully following a stratigraphic methodology. All the materials are preserved in a special site, protected from rain and damages and will be reused in the reconstruction of the Cathedral. The design for reconstruction will then be based a good knowledge of the remains. The special methodology followed and the survey of the remains will be presented. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 39 © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 530 Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings 1 Introduction After the partial sudden collapse of the Noto Cathedral on March 13, 1996 fortunately without any casualty (Figure 1), the Noto community astonished by the loss of one of its most famous buildings, decided to rebuilt the Cathedral as it was.
    [Show full text]
  • The Overlapped Skyline of the Baroque Cities in the Val Di Noto
    DISEGNARECON volume 12/ n. 22 - june 2019 DRAWING THE TERRITORY AND THE LANDSCAPE ISSN 1828-5961 Salvatore Santuccio Image Author 1 Salvatore Santuccio was born (300dpi, 3cmx3cm) in 1959. He graduated in ar- chitecture with honour in 1982. He had PHD at University of Genova in 1995. He is As- sociated Professor in Drawing in the School SAAD of Unicam. He’s also visiting Professor for Institut Universitaire de la Côte at Douala in Cameroon, and for University of Miami, SoA. He wrote several books and essays about architectural representation. The overlapped skyline of the Baroque cities in the Val di Noto. The urban landscape of the Val di Noto has an ex- The main innovation was in the changing of the traordinary charm, not only for the architectural traditional system of representation of the hori- features of the Baroque, which are present in the zontal urban view, with a descriptive organization historic centers, but also and above all, for the in- that presented, through vertical fragments, the credible relationship with the complex and steep system of overlapping spaces. This system had morphology, made up of narrow valleys and slo- as its main cultural references the travels in the pes strongly accentuated. This generates strongly Middle East and the graphic description of medi- “vertical” urban landscapes, with overlaps sy- nas developed in height, very frequent in the Ma- stems of very interesting prospects. This article ghreb, starting from the Tunisreise of Klee, Macke aims to show how the global representation of and Moilliet, to the drawings of Matisse for Tan- this urban typology is different and interesting, gier; or to the vertical views of Renoir of Algiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Noto Cathedral: Soil and Foundation Investigation
    Construction and Building Materials 17 (2003) 533–541 Noto Cathedral: soil and foundation investigation A. Cavallaro*, M.R. Massimino, M. Maugeri Viale Andrea Doria n. 6, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Received 3 December 2001; accepted 15 August 2003 Abstract On 13th March 1996 the dome of the St. Nicolo` Cathedral of Noto fell due to a post-seismic structural collapse. In order to study the soil–structure interaction a comprehensive laboratory and in situ investigation has been carried out to obtain a soil profile. In this paper the dynamic characterisation results and normalised laws are proposed to consider shear modulus decay and damping ratio increase with strain level. The existing foundations of the cathedral were investigated by means of excavations and tests on the stones and the mortar. In this way the foundations were subjected to visual inspections to detect their size and their embedment level. Now, the soil–foundation interaction has been analysed by means of the finite element code SOFIA, considering at this stage the superstructure weight through the influence area approach. In particular, the effects of the designed remedial work of the foundation have been studied, comparing the two configurations before and after the foundation improvement. ᮊ 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Foundations; Soil analysis; Finite element analysis; Soil-structure interaction 1. Shear modulus and damping ratio from laboratory tests, ground penetrating radar tests and surface seismic tests tests have also been performed. The Resonant ColumnyTorsional shear apparatus w3x The site investigation was performed within an area was used for evaluation of Shear modulus G and of 3200 mq (40=80 m2) and reached a maximum depth damping ratio D of the Noto Cathedral soil.
    [Show full text]