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SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:00 Página 99 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:00 Página 99 Número Páginas Año SABUCO 6 99-135 2008 FAUNA LEPIDOPTEROLÓGICA DE ALBACETE. CATÁLOGO DE MACROHETERÓCEROS (I): NOCTUIDAE por Francisco LENCINA GUTIÉRREZ* Fernando ALBERT RICO Ulrich AISTLEITNER Eyjolf AISTLEITNER José A. DE LA CALLE PASCUAL * Dirección de contacto: [email protected] SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:00 Página 100 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:12 Página 101 FAUNA LEPIDOPTEROLÓGICA DE ALBACETE. CATÁLOGO DE MACROHETERÓCEROS (I): NOCTUIDAE RESUMEN Con este trabajo sobre macroheteróceros (parte I) Noctuidae, se ini- cia la serie de publicaciones que tienen por objeto catalogar la fauna lepi- dopterológica de la provincia de Albacete (sureste de España). Se han censado 332 especies, de las cuales 124 han resultado ser citas nuevas para esta provincia. Los datos proceden principalmente de los muestreos reali- zados por los autores, completándose, en menor porcentaje, con otros pro- cedentes de diversos colaboradores y los extraídos de la literatura, detallando para cada especie las fechas y localidades donde se ha encon- trado, con indicación de la cuadrícula UTM de 10 km. de lado. Palabras clave: Lepidoptera. Macroheterocera (I) Noctuidae. Albacete (SE. España). UTM. ABSTRACT This work on Macroheteróceros (I) Noctuidae, a series of publica- tions starts with the aim Catalogue the lepidopterological fauna of the province of Albacete (SE. Spain). 332 have been registered species, of wich 124 have turned out to be new for this province. The information comes principally from the samplings undertaken by the autors, completing them, in a minor precentage, with others proceeding from diverse collaborators and the extracted ones from the literature, detailing in every species the dates and localities where have been found, with indication of the UTM 10 km. map. Keywords: Lepidoptera. Macroheterocera (I) Noctuidae. Albacete (SE. Spain). UTM. 101 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:12 Página 102 FRANCISCO LENCINA GUTIÉRREZ • FERNANDO ALBERT RICO • ULRICH AISTLEITNER • EYJOLF AISTLEITNER • JOSÉ A. DE LA CALLE PASCUAL 0. INTRODUCCIÓN La primera parte de la Fauna lepidopterológica de la provincia de Albacete está dedicada a los Macroheteróceros, y trata sobre la familia Noc- tuidae (Superfamilia Noctuoidea). Entre los aportes al grupo estudiado referidos a la provincia de Al- bacete, se encuentran, por citar los más importantes o representativos, los de ALBERT RICO & LENCINA GUTIÉRREZ (1984), ANDUJAR et al. (1986), MARTIN CANO et al. (1990) y AISTLEITNER & THÖNY (1993), todos ellos referidos a las sierras de Alcaraz y Calar del Mundo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es dar a conocer el catálogo de especies censadas en toda la provincia, las localidades donde vuelan y su fe- nología, asignando a cada localidad muestreada su correspondiente provin- cia de vegetación y termótipo, lo que nos ayudará a conocer y comprender mejor el área de distribución de cada taxón, y por tanto donde vive, podría vivir, y/o donde se debería buscar. Además de los muestreos realizados con anterioridad a este proyecto, hemos iniciado la prospección de otros biótopos menos conocidos y ubicados en provincias fitogeográficas no estudiadas desde el punto de vista lepidop- terológico, lo que ha dado como resultado que el censo de 191 especies co- nocidas hasta la edición de este trabajo, se haya incrementado hasta las 332. 1. BREVES NOCIONES SOBRE EL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO 1.1 BIOCLIMATOLOGÍA Los pisos bioclimáticos reconocidos en la provincia de Albacete según ALCARAZ & SÁNCHEZ (1988), posteriores modificaciones de AL- CARAZ & RIVERA (2006), y SÁNCHEZ GÓMEZ et al. (1997) son: 1.1.1. Piso Termomediterráneo: Es el más cálido de la provincia, presen- tándose en extensiones muy reducidas cercanas al embalse del Cenajo y cuenca baja del río Mundo. Entre las especies a destacar podemos mencio- nar a Metachrostis velox, Pseudozarba bipartita, Caradrina flava o Hadjina wichti. 1.1.2. Piso Mesomediterráneo: Asciende hasta los 1.000-1.100 m. de alti- tud, caracterizándose por el frío y la continentalidad. En su nivel inferior se encuentran elementos termófilos tan interesantes como Thysanoplusia dau- 102 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:12 Página 103 FAUNA LEPIDOPTEROLÓGICA DE ALBACETE. CATÁLOGO DE MACROHETERÓCEROS (I): NOCTUIDAE bei y Eremopola orana, y en el superior Meganephria bimaculosa, Cra- niophora pontica o Cosmia diffinis. 1.1.3. Piso Supramediterráneo: Está marcado por la desaparición del es- parto, el albardín, la coscoja y el espino negro, apareciendo elementos como la sabina albar, el agracejo, la toliaga y el pino albar. Las especies más re- presentativas de este piso son abundantes, entre otras: Antytipe chi, Evisa schawerdae, Standfussiana dalmata, Dichagyris forcipula, Caradrina ober- thuri, etc. 1.1.4. Piso Oromediterráneo: Ocupa las zonas de cumbres, en general por encima de los 1.700 m. (Calar del Mundo, Sierra de Taibilla, Sierra de las Cabras, etc.), muy expuestas a los vientos, despareciendo los planifolios que son sustituidos por coníferas rastreras como el enebro. Desaparecen la salvia, etc. y aparecen elementos como Andryalia agardhii, Santolina ele- gans, Helianthemum canum, Vella spinosa, etc. Desde el punto de vista le- pidopterológico los heteróceros estudiados comparten su presencia con los del piso supramediterráneo, aunque ello podría variar si se incrementasen los muestreos. 2. BIOGEOGRAFÍA Las categorías biogeográficas utilizadas en la distribución de las es- pecies a nivel mundial son: • Holárticas: Especies distribuidas en gran parte de la región Pa- leártica y parte de la Neártica. • Paleárticas: Especies que se distribuyen por todo el continente eu- roasiático y norte de África por encima del trópico de Cáncer. • Euroasiáticas: Ocupan gran parte de la región Paleártica, excepto Siberia, Escandinavia y norte de África. • Asiático-mediterráneas: Habitan desde Asia occidental hasta el mar mediterráneo, pudiendo ampliar su territorio al noroeste de Eu- ropa. • Atlanto-mediterráneas: Abarcan una extensión variable desde la Europa atlántica hasta el mediterráneo oriental. • Tropicales: Se extienden a uno o ambos lados del ecuador, inclu- yendo también aquellas especies subtropicales que viven a uno o ambos lados del trópico de Cáncer. 103 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:12 Página 104 FRANCISCO LENCINA GUTIÉRREZ • FERNANDO ALBERT RICO • ULRICH AISTLEITNER • EYJOLF AISTLEITNER • JOSÉ A. DE LA CALLE PASCUAL • Etiópicas: Presentes en el continente africano y que han alcanzado la Península Ibérica. • Geopolitas: De distribución muy amplia y dotadas de una gran plasticidad ecológica. • Endémicas: Especies únicamente presentes en la Península Ibé- rica. 3. BIOGEOGRAFÍA PROVINCIAL Una de las características que pretendemos aportar en este trabajo es la relación, ya conocida, de los lepidópteros con la vegetación. Para ello hemos adjudicado cada una de las localidades a su correspondiente provin- cia de vegetación. Siguiendo a ALCARAZ & SÁNCHEZ (1988) y modifi- caciones posteriores de SÁNCHEZ GÓMEZ et al. (1997), y de ALCARAZ & RIVERA (2006), la provincia de Albacete queda englobada en el Reino Holártico, Región Mediterránea, Subregión Mediterráneo-Occidental, dis- tinguiéndose las siguientes provincias fitogeográficas: 3.1. Provincia Catalano-Provenzal-Balear: Ocupa una estrecha franja en el noreste de la provincia, lindando a la de Valencia, que discurre desde la depresión del río Cabriel hasta la Sierra de la Oliva en Caudete. Territorio relativamente cálido, en el que predomina el piso mesomediterráneo, siendo frecuentes las lluvias otoñales. Desde el punto de vista lepidopterológico Eremobia ochroleuca o Archanara geminipuncta, son algunos de los taxo- nes exclusivos de esta provincia biogeográfica. 3.2. Provincia Mediterránea-Ibérica-Central: Es la provincia biogeográ- fica más extensa de Albacete, ocupando la casi totalidad de la mitad norte y parte del sureste provincial. Su clima es continental y relativamente seco, estando representados los pisos mesomediterráneo y en menor medida el supramediterráneo. Exclusivos de esta provincia fitogeográfica son: Cos- mia affinis, Saragossa seeboldi, Meganephria bimaculosa, etc. 3.3. Provincia Murciano-Almeriense: Ocupa una pequeña extensión en la parte sureste de Albacete, desde zonas próximas a Tobarra hasta Agramón y sur de la sierra del Baladre (Presa del Cenajo), lindante con Murcia. Su ombroclima es semiárido, presentando una mayor extensión el piso meso- mediterráneo inferior. Alberga muchas especies exclusivas y endemismos relegados a otros horizontes de vegetación más cálidos, que han penetrado 104 SABUCO 6 31/10/08 10:12 Página 105 FAUNA LEPIDOPTEROLÓGICA DE ALBACETE. CATÁLOGO DE MACROHETERÓCEROS (I): NOCTUIDAE hasta el interior a través de la cuenca del río Segura, entre otras Harpago- phana hilaris, Pseudozarba bipartita, Hadena silenides, Caradrina flava, Powellinia lasserrei, Eremopola lenis, etc. 3.4. Provincia Luso-Extremadurense: Relegada a una pequeña extensión en la parte oeste de Albacete: Sierra del Relumbrar y cercanías de El Salo- bre. De clima continental muy acentuado, su característica más importante es el predominio de materiales silicatados (suelo ácido), con una flora to- talmente diferente al resto de la provincia. Hasta el momento las especies in- dicadoras de esta provincia de vegetación son Oria musculosa, Caradrina germainii y Stilbia andalusiaca. 3.5. Provincia Bética: Penetra por el sur de Albacete englobando los terri- torios subbéticos (Sierra de Alcaraz, Calar del Mundo, Sierra de las Cabras, Yeste, etc.). Sin duda es la provincia fitogeográfica más rica de todas,
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