Bit Selection for Riding and Training Horses
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UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared By: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G
4-H MEMBER GUIDE Agricultural Extension Service Institute of Agriculture HORSE PROJECT PB1654 UNIT 8 GRADE 12 UUNDERSTANDINGNDERSTANDING HHORSEORSE BBEHAVIOREHAVIOR 1 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Planning Your Project 3 The Basics of Horse Behavior 3 Types of Behavior 4 Horse Senses 4 Horse Communication 10 Domestication & Behavior 11 Mating Behavior 11 Behavior at Foaling Time 13 Feeding Behavior 15 Abnormal Behavior / Vices 18 Questions and Answers about Horses 19 References 19 Exercises 20 Glossary 23 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE TO BE ACQUIRED • Improved understanding of why horses behave like horses • Applying basic behavioral knowledge to improve training skills • Learning to prevent and correct behavioral problems • Better ways to manage horses through better understanding of horse motivation OBJECTIVES To help you: • Be more competent in horse-related skills and knowledge • Feel more confident around horses • Understand the applications of basic knowledge to practical problems REQUIREMENTS 1. Make a project plan 2. Complete this manual 3. Work on this project with others, including other 4-H members, 4-H leaders, your 4-H agent and other youth and adults who can assist you in your project. 4. Evaluate your accomplishments cover photo by2 Lindsay German UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared by: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G. Meadows, Professor James B. Neel, Professor Animal Science Department The University of Tennessee INTRODUCTION he 4-H Horse Project offers 4-H’ers opportunities for growing and developing interest in horses. This manual should help expand your knowledge about horse behavior, which will help you better under T stand why a horse does what it does. The manual contains information about the basics of horse behavior, horse senses, domestication, mating behavior, ingestive (eating) behavior, foaling-time behavior and how horses learn. -
Zilco Bit Catalogue Volume 1
ZILCO BIT CATALOGUE VOLUME 1 IF IT’S BRANDED ZILCO, IT’S BRANDED QUALITY. zilco.net www.zilco.net 1 ZILCO BITS BIT SIZING Mouthpiece Sizes CM Inches Horse Size 9cm 3 1/2” Extra Small Pony 10cm 4” Shetland/Small Pony 11.5cm 4 1/2” Pony 12cm 4 3/4” Pony 12.5cm 5” Cob 13.5cm 5 1/4” Cob 14cm 5 1/2” Full Size 14.5cm 5 3/4” Full Size Ring Size 15cm 6” Extra Full Size How to Measure Bits Mouth Size We suggest using a piece of string to measure from one corner of the Mouth horse’s mouth to the other. Thickness The mouthpiece should ideally Cheek be 19mm (3/4”) larger than this Length measurement. A couple of wrinkles on either side of the horse’s mouth is a good guide that the bit is sitting in the correct place. MATERIALS Stainless Steel Unless otherwise specified, all Zilco bits are made from 18/8 Stainless Steel Gold Zilco Gold range of bits contain a special mix of copper (85%) and quality metals which produce a bit with superior strength. Guaranteed ‘nickel free’ reducing the risk of nickel allergies. The horse is encouraged to salivate through the activity of chewing. This is a material designed to discolour over time, further enhancing the effect of acceptance. Sweet Iron Sweet Iron bits are designed to rust. This effect makes the bit become sweeter and further encourages acceptance of the bit by the horse. Blue Steel Blue steel bits are an improved version of black steel (Sweet Iron), that causes it to oxidise quicker. -
History-Of-Breeding-And-Training-Of-The-Kladruber-Horses
History of Breeding and Training of the Kladruber Horses The Kladruber horse is the only breed of the original ceremonial horses still bred that is the only draught horse breed in the world originated, bred and trained for drawing carriages of the social elites. Thanks to the Habsburg conservatism and unchanged breeding goal, the Kladruber horse has preserved its original “baroque” appearance from the 18th century to date. It still bears the traits of the original, but now extinct breeds (old Spanish horse and old Italian horse) which were at its beginning and from medieval times until the 18th century influenced the stock in most European countries and colonies and by the end of the 18th century were extinct. Even though there are only limited opportunities for ceremonial carriage horses to be used at (now the most frequent breeds are warmblooded horses for sport) the Kladruber horse breed has been preserved and still serves its original purpose for example at the Danish Royal Court and it is also used for state functions. Horse breeds are divided into primitive (indigenous) and intentionally designed (on the basis of targeted selective breeding) however some breeds oscillate between these two main types. Then the horse breeds are divided according to their purpose such as draught horses which the carriage horses fall into (weight up to 1200 kg), riding horses (up to 800kg) and pack horses (less than 500 kg). A new horse breed came into existence either in a particular area, using the same genetic material and the effect of the external conditions and climate (most of the breeds started in this way) or it came into existence in a single place – at a dedicated stud farm with a clearly defined breeding goal using particular horses of selected breeds imported for this sole purpose and applying the knowledge of selective breeding available at that time as well as the knowledge of local natural conditions and climate. -
RESEARCH Immshiïî DE RECHERCHES
RESEARCH IMMSHiïî DE RECHERCHES NATIONAL HISTORIC PARKS DIRECTION DES LIEUX ET DES AND SITES BRANCH PARCS HISTORIQUES NATIONAUX No. 77 January 1978 An Annotated Bibliography For the Study of Animal Husbandry in The Canadian Prairie West 1880-1925 Part A - Sources Available in Western Canada and United States Introduction This annotated bibliography pinpoints materials useful in studying animal husbandry as a part of mixed farming. All re ferences to ranching have been omitted. Since Canadian his torians have not focused their efforts on the history of prairie animal husbandry with any vigour, this study must be regarded as only a starting point. Statistics gleaned from Annual Reports of the Saskatchewan Department of Agriculture provide evidence that animal husban dry, as part of mixed farming, played only a supporting role in that province's economy. Commencing during the early 1880s with the appearance of a few odd farm animals in the North West Territories, livestock numbers rose to a level that provided a total cash value equivalent to slightly more than the in come derived from oats cultivation in 1920. The factors that made animal husbandry viable are easy to pinpoint; advances in veterinary science virtually eliminated animal disease in Saskatchewan by 1925, and animal-rearing techniques kept pace with veterinary achievements. However the limited extent of livestock production indicates that there were serious dis advantages. The failure to adapt barn technology to mitigate the extremities of the prairie winter resulted in problems in wintering stock. This combined with high grain prices from 1900-20, and costly barns, silos and machinery, discouraged the average dry land farmer. -
2015 State Horse Bowl Contest Junior Division Round One
2015 State Horse Bowl Contest Junior Division Round One 1) Q: What is the single most important nutrient for all living things? A: Water Source: HS 2001 (28) 2) Q: What is the maximum height of a pony, in hands? A: 14.2 hands Source: GRIFFITHS (20) 3) Q: What term describes a horse with long sloping pasterns and low fetlocks? A: Coon-footed Source: H&H 2001 (8) 4) Q: If a horse is a reddish brown in color with black points, what color is it? A: Bay Source: BH (15) 5) Q: When cleaning out your horse's feet describe the proper way to use your hoof pick. A: Smoothly pull the pick from the heel toward the toe Source: BH(26) 6) Q: What is the base coat color of a blue roan? A: Black Source: GRIFFITHS (47) 7) Q: What is another term for the cavesson? A: Noseband Source: H&H2001(27) 8) Q: What basic brush can be used over the whole body? A: Soft-bristled brush Source: BH (25) 9) Q: What is another term for a dorsal stripe? A: Back stripe, lineback, eel stripe, ray Source: GRIFFITHS (38) 10) Q: What term descibes a horse who is biting a solid object while sucking air? A: Cribbing Source: LOOK (16) 11) Q: A finely chiseled head, dished face, long arching neck, and high tail carriage are characteristics of what breed? A: Arabian Source: H&H 2001 (57) 12) Q: What color is a horse that has a golden coat, a black mane and tail, and a dorsal stripe? A: Dun Source: GRIFFITHS (42) 13) Q: What is the term for an abnormality that interferes with the usefulness of the horse? A: unsoundness. -
NE 4-H Horse Show Bit Rules
New England 4-H Horse Show Bit Rules and Guidelines Basic guide to local, county, and state/regional 4-H Horse shows as well as for those classes in open shows limited to 4-H membership entry. This rules manual is for organizers, officials, exhibitors, parents and judges. Revised February 2020 These guidelines should be used in conjunction with the current New England 4-H Horse Show Rulebook. See rulebook for additional details involving bits and equipment for respective classes. Because the New England 4-H Horse Program is diverse in both its divisions and in the breeds that compete, it is difficult to generate a complete list of acceptable bits. Bits that are permitted by respective breed associations may be acceptable at the judge's discretion. A judge at his/her discretion can penalize a horse with non-conventional types of bits. Please understand that this supplement gives only examples of legal and u acceptable bits. In no way does it try to include every bit that is allowed or not allowed. If exhibitors have questions concerning a bit they wish to use, and that specific bit is not mentioned in the current rules or these guidelines, then exhibitors should ask the show stewards and/or the judge if the bit is acceptable for that show. Exhibitors should have alternative bits available so that they can make a change if it is determined by show officials that their preferred bit is unacceptable for that show. Each county, district or regional, and state show is officiated by different stewards and judges. -
Are Your Bit and Noseband Hurting Your Horse?
horse-health connection [email protected] sible to perform a full intra-oral ex- amination of the insides of the horses’ Are Your Bit and Noseband mouths, and so lesions involving these structures were not evaluated or included in the results. Hurting Your Horse? The TDs who participated in the Conclusion: New findings regarding equipment use in dressage competition study as data collectors inspected the corners of the horses’ mouths on both By Hilary Clayton, BVMS, PhD, Diplomate ACVSMR, MRCVS sides. If the skin or mucosa of the lips was lacerated, with or without the presence of blood, it was recorded n the June issue, I explained the How the Study Was Conducted as an oral lesion. Across all sports, 9 findings related to the use of spurs percent of horses had oral lesions at and whips in a recently published A total of 3,143 randomly selected the corners of the lips. The presence research study (“Horse-Health Con- horse/rider combinations compet- of lesions differed significantly among I ing in Danish Equestrian Federation nection: Could Your Equipment Be disciplines and was highest in dressage, Hurting Your Horse?”) that I conduct- competitions in dressage, jump- with 10 percent of dressage horses and ed along with FEI veterinarian Mette ing, eventing, and endurance were 16 percent of dressage ponies showing Uldahl. In the study, we recorded the examined immediately after competi- lesions at the corners of the lips. There types of spurs, whips, bits, and nose- tion by licensed technical delegates was no difference in the incidence of bands used on sport horses during (TDs) who had been trained as data injuries on the left versus right sides of collectors for the study. -
Bosal and Hackamores-Think Like a Horse-Rick Gore Horsemanship®
Bosal and Hackamores-Think Like a Horse-Rick Gore Horsemanship® *Home Horse's love it when their owner's understand them. *Sitemap Horsemanship is about the horse teaching you about yourself. *SEARCH THE SITE *Horse History *Horseman Tips *Horsemanship *Amazing Horse Hoof *Horse Anatomy Pictures Care and Cleaning of Bosal and Rawhide *Rope Halters No discussion of the Bosal and Hackamore would be complete My Random Horse without mentioning, Ed Connell. His books about using, starting and training with the Hackamore are from long ago and explain things Thoughts well. If you want to completely understand the Bosal and Hackamore, his books explain it in detail. *Tying A Horse Bosals and Hackamores were originally used to start colts in training. Since untrained colts make many mistakes, a hackamore *Bosal/Hackamores does not injure sensitive tissue in the colt's mouth and provides firm and safe control. The term Hackamore and Bosal are interchangeable, however, technically the *Bad Horsemanship Bosal is only the rawhide braid around the nose of the horse. The hanger and reins together with the Bosal completes the Hackamore. *Misc Horse Info Parts of a Hackamore :Hackamore came from Spanish culture and was derived from the *Trailer Loading Spanish word jaquima (hak-kee-mah). The parts of the Hackamore are: *Training Videos Bosal (boz-al):This is the part around the horse's nose usually made of braided rawhide, but it can be made of leather, horsehair or rope. The size and thickness of the *Hobbles bosal can vary from pencil size (thin) to 5/8 size (thick). -
THE HANOVERIAN No 01| January 2012
01|2012 THE HANOVERIAN No 01| January 2012 Breeding- values Balance is important Stallion Performance Test Every stallion has a chance Sport Desperados awarded Sport Perigueux is not only a top-class producer but he also proves his abilities in international jumping competitions. photo: Frieler Balance is important With the onset of a new year the time has come to plan and ponder over whom to breed the mares to; which are the suitable stallions? A valuable tool in this planning phase is the breed value estimation. By Dr. Ludwig Christmann 2 The Hanoverian 01|2012 SportBreeding oung sires are often the the focus; the new Current top producers Ystars from the stallion performance tests and The charts reflect the current top producers in Stallions that fulfill the following the moving and jumping acrobats that are placed other words the best 10 percent of the Hanoverian conditions are considered in the in the limelight in the first months of the New Year breed. The graphical illustration is based on a re- top lists for dressage and jum- on stallion exhibitions. In respect to breed progress commendation of the FN task-force. The stallions, ping: it is certainly good for breeders to be willing to dressage as well as jumper producers, are divided give young sires a chance. This becomes questio- by the accuracy of their breed values. This accuracy – Registration in the Hanoveran nable at the time when too many discover the depends on the amount of available data and the Stallion Book I for the bree- same favorites before information on heritability is heredity of various attributes. -
2019 Saddleseat Horse Division
2019 SADDLESEAT HORSE DIVISION Contents General Rules Saddleseat Division Classes Saddleseat Equitation Scoring The Saddleseat Division is an Open Division, and NOT eligible for High Point awards. Classes Walk and Trot Pleasure Three-Gaited Show Pleasure Three-Gaited Country Pleasure Five-Gaited Show Pleasure Five-Gaited Country Pleasure Pleasure Equitation • Ground Handling OI: open to all breeds and disciplines. Rules are posted separately. All 4-H’ers riding or driving horses at 4-H events or activities are required to wear an ASTM-SEI Equestrian Helmet at all times. SS-1 GENERAL RULES All 4-H’ers riding or driving horses and/or ponies at 4-H events or activities are required to wear an ASTM-SEI Equestrian helmet at all times. Cruelty, abuse or inhumane treatment of any horse in the show ring or in the stable area will not be tolerated by the show management, and the offender will be barred from the show area for the duration of the show. Evidence of any inhumane treatment to a horse including but not limited to blood, whip marks that raise welts or abusive whipping, in or out of the show ring, shall result in disqualification of that horse and that exhibitor for the entire show and shall result in the forfeiture of all ribbons, awards and points won. SADDLESEAT DIVISION CLASSES WALK AND TROT PLEASURE - Entries must show in a flat, cutback English saddle with full bridle, pelham, or snaffle. Use of a standing martingale, bosal, mechanical hackamore, draw reins and/or tie down is prohibited. However, the use of a running or German martingale with only a single snaffle or work snaffle bridle is acceptable. -
Product Catalogue 1
Leading Brand in Harness & Accessories Product Catalogue 1 www.idealequestrian.com Ideal Equestrian Quality and reassurance Since 1994 Ideal Equestrian has been developing and producing a wide range of driving harness and accessories. The standard of our harness is our no.1 priority and together with successful national and international drivers, we are constantly improving in the design and technology of our products. Our harness ranges from a luxury traditional leather presentation 2 harness with full collar, to a marathon or high-tech synthetic EuroTech harness. Ideal has it all! This catalogue is just a selection of our products. Visit our website and view our full range, and discover what Ideal Equestrian has to offer you. www.idealequestrian.com LEADING BRAND IN HARNESS & ACCESSORIES Index HARNESS Luxe 4 Marathon 6 LeatherTech Combi 8 EuroTech Classic 12 3 EuroTech Combi 14 WebTech Combi 16 Ideal Friesian 18 Ideal Heavy horse 18 Harness Parts 19 Driving Accessories 20 Luxe • Traditional Classic Harness • High Quality Leather • Elegant appearance Sizes available: Full / Cob / Pony / Shetland / Mini Shetland 4 Leather LeatherLeather Leather Black Black/ London Australian Nut Luxe Options – Single: - Breast collar with continuous traces This traditionally made quality harness is perfect for all disciplines of carriage driving, durable enough (adjustment at carriage end) for tough conditions yet attractive for presentation. Nylon webbing is stitched between the leather where extra strength is needed. The saddle pad has foam filled cushions, holes are oval to prevent - Traces with Rollerbolt or Crew hole tearing and all buckles have stainless steel tongues. Nose band is fully adjustable and headpiece is - Leather Reins tapered in the middle to create more freedom around the ears. -
Rules & Regulations 2018
RULES & REGULATIONS 2018 2018 Southern Regional 4-H Horse Championships Georgia National Fairgrounds and Agricenter, Perry, GA August 1-5, 2018 Wednesday, August 1 Roquemore 8:00am Hippology Contest Check In 8:00am Check-in Opens 8:30am Hippology Contest Begins Exhibitors begin move in 2:00pm Horse Bowl Contest Check In 2:30pm Horse Bowl Contest Begins 6:00pm Upload Oral Presentations 8:00pm Staff dinner and orientation Thursday, August 2 Roquemore Reaves Arena 7:00am Oral Presentation Contest Check In 8:30am Horse Judging Contest Check In 7:30am Oral Presentation Contest Begins 9:30am Horse Judging Contest Begins Sutherland, Hunter 2:00pm Reaves Arena, Saddle/Gaited 9:30 set up jump course DQP 32. Gaited Equitation 12:00pm – 5:00pm Schooling over Fences 29. Gaited Pleasure (Walking Horse Type) 5:00pm-6:30pm schooling for Ed. contestants 30. Gaited Pleasure (Racking Horse Type) 31. Gaited Pleasure (Non-Walking/Racking 1:00pm Practice Ring #2, Western Type) 23. Western Trail* 28. Saddle Seat Equitation (assigned order of go) 27. Saddle Seat Pleasure *Exhibitors may enter the same horse in both Western Trail and Ranch Trail. 7:00pm Parade of States Reaves Arena Awards: Educational Contests Exhibitor social immediately following north wing of Reaves Friday, August 3 Sutherland, Hunter 7:00-10:00am Schooling Over Fences 8:00am Practice Ring #2 Gaited/Saddle (assigned order of go) (no DQP) 5. Saddle Type Mares (Trotting) 10:30am 6. Saddle Type Geldings (Trotting) 35.Working Hunter 10. Saddle Type Showmanship 36.Equitation Over Fences 7. Gaited Mares 37. Jumping 8. Gaited Geldings 11.