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Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution

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Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution Final Report 2019 Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution Environment Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution The Energy and Resources Institute Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003, India This report has been commissioned by South Asia Research Hub, Department for International Development, Government of UK. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK Government’s‖official‖policies.‖Maps‖are‖used‖for‖representational‖purposes‖only,‖and‖the‖Government‖of‖ UK does not necessarily endorse any geographical boundaries depicted in maps. THE TEAM TERI Advisor: Dr Prodipto Ghosh Principal Investigator: Dr Sumit Sharma Co-principal Investigator: Dr Isha Khanna Team Members: Dr Arindam Datta, Mr. R. Suresh, Ms. Seema Kundu, Dr Anju Goel, Dr Divya Datt Partner Organizations Ricardo Energy and Environment, United Kingdom Nature Conservation Management, Bangladesh Tribhuvan University, Nepal Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Pakistan PREPARED BY The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) FOR MORE INFORMATION Project Management Cell, TERI, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India Tel.: +91 11 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 | Fax: +91 11 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 Email: [email protected] | Web: www.teriin.org Environment Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ i State of Evidence: Causes of air pollution ............................................................................... i State of Evidence: Development Impacts ............................................................................... ii State of Evidence: Solutions ...................................................................................................... ii Legal and institutional context ................................................................................................ iv Organisational map .................................................................................................................... v Research gaps and priority areas ............................................................................................ vi Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives..................................................................................................................................... 3 State of Evidence ............................................................................................................................ 5 Modelling Studies ...................................................................................................................... 5 Trans-boundary pollution Studies ........................................................................................... 8 Source Emission Inventory of Air Pollution ........................................................................ 11 Source Apportionment Studies .............................................................................................. 13 Health Impact Studies ............................................................................................................. 18 Agricultural Impact Studies.................................................................................................... 20 Other impacts ............................................................................................................................ 20 Developmental Impact Studies .............................................................................................. 21 Indoor air pollution .................................................................................................................. 23 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 24 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................................. 26 Bangladesh ................................................................................................................................ 26 India ............................................................................................................................................ 27 Nepal .......................................................................................................................................... 28 Pakistan ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Mapping of institutions and multilateral programs ............................................................... 30 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................. 30 Environment Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution India ........................................................................................................................................ 34 Nepal ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Pakistan .................................................................................................................................. 37 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 42 Monitoring Network ................................................................................................................... 44 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network .......................................................................... 44 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................. 44 India ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Nepal ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Pakistan .................................................................................................................................. 49 National Air Quality Standard ............................................................................................... 49 Ambient Air Quality Standard ............................................................................................... 49 Sectorial Emission Standard ................................................................................................... 51 Status of Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................................ 54 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................... 54 India ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Nepal ........................................................................................................................................ 57 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 58 Policies Implemented .................................................................................................................. 59 Policies and Reforms ................................................................................................................ 59 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................... 59 India ......................................................................................................................................... 62 Nepal ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Pakistan ................................................................................................................................... 66 Social, Economic and Political Aspects of Managing Pollution ........................................ 67 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 68 Stakeholder consultations ........................................................................................................... 70 Stakeholder consultation in Bangladesh ............................................................................... 70 Stakeholder consultation in India .......................................................................................... 72 Stakeholder consultation in Nepal ......................................................................................... 74 Environment Scoping Study for South Asia Air Pollution Stakeholder consultation in Pakistan .................................................................................... 75 Public Perception Survey ............................................................................................................ 77 Gaps & Recommendations ........................................................................................................
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