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Keywords: competitiveness These villages. Vatan and Sousra tourism. and of industry presence Vamna the in However,entrepreneurs village. wood each of expertise poultry, special the to according herbs, improv identified were functions that saffron, options are the Saran of Cheshmeh Some different. are village each of opportunities and contexts entrepreneurial The entrepreneurship. of potential of the have villages Vatan drivers explanatory Saran entrepreneurship, the rural of drivers Cheshmeh identify in knowledge, five and capital social are infrastructure, context, entrepreneurial there economic, including to that show results used The Cheshmehsaran. in areas was rural (EFA)used was analysis correspondence Analysis and entrepreneurship; Factor village the and Exploratory Council Islamic the of officers. members the d was statistical section and qualitative method the survey in population by sample qualitatively and quantitatively done been has collection Data Golestan. county, Azadshahr in area rural Saran Cheshmeh in development spatial of motor the as and and recession identif prevent and entrepreneurship explain to attempted to research matter globalization, this "descriptive a regarding Adopting areas of them. of rural isolation to agespatial attention pay to the crucial is in it evolution, dynamism and development of and pints focal the are cities that fact the dynamics to Due inevitable. are competitiveness spatial achieve To Abstract Vahid Moshfeghi

Accepted Received sitn Poesr Fcly f rhtcue n Ubn P Urban and Architecture of Faculty Professor, Assistant PhD student, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Ahvaz, University,ChamranShahid Humanities, ofFaculty student, PhD

Doctor of Geography and Rural Planning, Deputy of Pl of Deputy Planning, Rural and Geography of Doctor

Master of Environmental Design, Managing Director of Ariashahr Paydar Consulting Engineers. Ilam. Iran Ilam.Engineers. Consulting Paydar ofAriashahr Director ManagingDesign, ofEnvironmental Master with a data variance of 74%. The result of EFA indicates that Farsian, Kashidar, Vamnan and Vamnan Kashidar, Farsian, that indicates EFA of result The 74%. of variance data a with

Entrepreneurship, competitiveness, specialized function, Cheshmeh function, Saran competitiveness, specialized Entrepreneurship, An Explanation of Entrepreneurship Drivers Entrepreneurshipof An Drivers Explanation *

and , Yahya Jafari n and Farsian villages made them more likely to improve competitiveness than than competitiveness improve to likely more them made villages Farsian and n

Rural Competitiveness FunctionsCompetitivenessRural

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**

, Sedigheh Hosseini Hasil y rural entrepreneurship drivers and competitiveness functions functions competitiveness and drivers entrepreneurship rural y

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analytical" methodology and applied targeting, this this targeting, applied and methodology analytical"

anning and Coordination of the Housing Foundation of Foundation Housing the of Coordination and anning ann, sai Aa Uiest, avn Iran Qazvin, University, Azad Islamic lanning, to identify the competitiveness functions of of functions competitiveness the identify to

e combativeness in the rural areas of of areas rural the in combativeness e ***

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according to the quality of development within within development of quality the to according construction and spatial planning rural of areas, the in resources of distribution and production decades of process the in expertise recognizingreal and areas these in recent incentives 2018: competitive Creating al., et in Schaller in 1397; especially (Shahraki, countries, life, indicators of in quality of developing tastes the to distribution of related and alteration the production by and intensified resources been of have s isolation process spatial rapid the physical and spatial stagnation. and This record and to isolation from suffered have urbanization, due nowdays, space 10). 2007: (Dinis, Villages, process this be in not neglected should villages cities, as the such means, and evolutionary competitiveness with globalization of of dominance concept the of and a and achieve to opportinties strategy Seresht (Rahman position competitive superior a competitive by them managing into them of of collecting assets transforming and resources, level process dynamic the to refers high competitiveness a (Dadashpour competitiveness of has chance higher have to said that be can markets competitive in competitiveness area 106). or city region, rural country, any that means This competition. 2009: trade and economic political, of o success of and degree the (Hong, dynamics Competitiveness assessing is for a keycriterion spatial and development physical their continue and and process lag development to the behind not cities order in foundations development and ar global of geographical convergence, context the economic in development and dynamics spatial of indicator an as considered Competitiveness, which is mainlyan economic concept, has been 2017). (Harpa, boundaries its of existence are progress, depicted the in form of competitiveness and the and excellence improve which dynamics, spatial and development of drivers Introduction In the era of globalization, the most important most the globalization, of era the In In the meantime, considering the urbanization urbanization the considering meantime, the In timuli such as migration, lack of development of lack migration, as such timuli

Safaeian, 2011: 77). 2011: Safaeian, - generating nuclei in regional areas, areas, regional in nuclei generating

which have long been considered as as considered been long have which and Ahmadi, 2010: 53.) In fact, fact, In 53.) 2010: Ahmadi, and

eas can strengthen their their strengthen can eas foundations in the spatial spatial the in foundations f countries in the field field the in countries f

736). 736). 2017: 26). In line with the importance of of importance the with line In 26). 2017: env rural the in businesses and activities prosper and develop to technology new uses or for assets, spatial market rural new a or activity, or product new is a (Keshav introduces that a new business of creation the entrepreneurship rural fact, development In 766). to 2018: rural related in topics interesting job other efficiency, and role empowerment, resource creation, livelihood, topics prominent as discussing such by a literature development found has entrepreneurship rural of concept The Arth 2019). & (Yamoah its areas rural and in realization entrepreneurship is competitiveness from 10 resources 2006: (Dinis, places these and to development and services of are time, ot Koaa, enn Khiue and Kohkiluyeh Semnan, Khorasan, North Khorasan, South Ilam, of population total the than more is rural population rural The settlements. of rural in live share people) thousand (870 population the of popula terms the area. in among study second provinces the ranks as province selected Golestan been have Azadshahr city in Saran Cheshmeh the of study, areas this rural in areas, and rural of competitiveness background t explaining this the and competitiveness of issue the of importance With of the strengthening development against increasing cities. the regions and in these changes of management, role development land significant optimal attenti of development the spatial hierarchy in creating dynamism and and mobility development and regional autonomy the in stability and balance creating in villages their achieve independen to in residence of place order their of and vicinity the in their work improve to opportunity to an farmers as women order and income in tool a as development, villagers endogenous economic rural to u prevent strategy key of a as politicians driver development, the important as it most consider economists development, rural and competitiveness in entrepreneurship One of the main and powerful drivers for rural rural for main drivers One the of andpowerful Therefore, considering the importance of of importance the considering Therefore, n o ua cmeiiees a pa a play can competitiveness rural to on tion. In this province, about 47% of the the of 47% about province, this In tion.

nrest in rural areas and help spatial spatial help and areas rural in nrest essential for the prosperity and flow flow and prosperity the for essential ce (Malek Saeedi et al., 2013: 143). 2013: al., et Saeedi (Malek ce he role of entrepreneurship in the the in entrepreneurship of role he ironment (Burnett and Danson, and (Burnett ironment - 11).

arz, ur, ur,

Downloaded from jhre.ir at 11:06 +0330 on Wednesday September 29th 2021 ot onre (04 57 Zgra & Zegarra 5371 planners, (2014: development to According Charles). countries than GDP most regional the higher much have of which regio one powerful fact, of (Dadashpour, In regions 51). consequences of globalization emergence the is 2010: these Ahmadi, of cultural and dynamics social economic, the stimulates and development regional to approaches new regi the at especially the H in in are competitiveness Cheshmehsaran of district? areas rural entrepreneurship stimulating what of functions rural Second, Cheshmehsaran? explain that main two or following factors the are what First, questions: the this answer of to purpose main research the in caused country have cases the mentioned The and trends. current province the completing the in model economic s positive the in been of has Cheshmehsaran developments, and examples successful of entrepreneurship existence the to due Also, goal. the achieve to way a provide to order in development rural in rural competitiveness and development employment, a economic with on levels provincial focus and national the at successful programs development of orientation the hand, other the On transformed. be can sector this of with and local entrepreneurs, the economic environmental activities Cheshmehsaran in on relyingby that shows sector along model abundant entrepreneurship of evacuation. capacities population words, Existence other in or, reduction of threats face always centers rural In its (provincia province of their development. to Due 80% the of centers urban top from the great distance areas. rural in rural than lives population more and Cheshmehsaran, in role significant business a has people creative and community with local the on this reliance that shows levels international in and national the population at patterns development rural rural of review A system. planning the the for province to attention paying of importance the reveals comparison Boyer n h ea f lblzto, competitiveness, globalization, of era the In potlight, which can be used as a successful successful a as used be can which potlight, eoretical Framework eoretical - ha poics I ohr word other In provinces. Ahmad

justifies research on the role of of role the on research justifies nal economies, some of of some economies, nal l center and city), these these city), and center l onal level, is one of the the of one is level, onal a focus on entrepreneurs entrepreneurs on focus a

creative people people creative

drivers drivers s, this this s, the responsibility of local and regional regional and local of responsibility and the (Dadashpour countries Ahmadi, 52). 2010: public benefits developing the of in economic politica globalization role from the and resulting on competitiveness based geographical on economic of activities location issue dominant a of idea gaining of way regional this a by to response in is It markets. new accessing and economy achieve global the in advantage advantage to competitive other competitive each with competing are regions also but countries, and gl current the in Thus, countries. the not economy, national the of driver main the are that regions the is it region] depends on the capacity of its its of capacity act 73). 1990: promote” (Porter, the and on industries [or depends country a currency; region] of the competitiveness of the value rather, the or rates, bank interest labor, w resources, natural from come not to does prosperity economic believed, economists is Contrary it inherited, created. not explains: is he prosperity Elsewhere "Economic result. opposite bring the framework, is new this of application it the seem that with model, old that the of framework the in useful Things improvement. and is and that change tool, function innovative new and a dynamica is Competitiveness competitiveness. for look to need we of argues, Porter importance transfer, technology growing the and large corporations of alliances strategic the and networks, s the from resulted promotion the explain Hernandez, 15). 2014: & the (Vázquez globalization of the age and display in other rural each with of competitiveness urban sustainability can of indicators the cities, dev of manifestations like villages, when achieved is balance level, regional the at development of sustainability the on literature and the In 14). excellence 2014: (Serbu, of development spatial process that the so to life contribute social and economic of quality the improve to strive to institutions Competitiveness is an approach that increases increases that approach an is Competitiveness Instead of a relative advantage that cannot cannot that advantage relative a of Instead crls f eeoe ad some and developed of circles l regional competitiveness has become a become has competitiveness regional

thinking that since the 1990s, the the 1990s, the since that thinking obal context, not only companies only not context, obal vte t invt and innovate to ivities elopment. This is one of of one is This elopment.

hat neoclassical neoclassical hat

capable of of capable

they can can they cale, cale,

87 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

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88 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

erig icesd rdciiy n, most competitiveness and, productivity importantly, and innovation increased networking, learning, of benefits of the production independent of production problem and the to individual answer an as considered rural and Shamsi, 106). 1393: (Azizpour in village the and city the chains of gap value and products and products will wideninglead the to production of the the evacuation, completion and formation of lack country, s and villages, private rural the the of of reluctance trend in increasing organization space regional the in villages of mapping low phenomenon the on this of reflection Spatial 2018). al., et (Imani productivity manpower of activi terms country's the of structure the country's role manyof termsin both problems the of financial economy villages to be weakened and the villages to face the of causes issue value and This villages. the to return not added does practice in the raw economic brokerage and selling of intermediation, processes the materials, in involved practically are villages the that and way a In 278). general 1990: Martin, & Ozment 116; 2017: Haghighi, a wea micro has issue as have areas rural to comprehensive picture economiesof scale of in possible not is it hierarchy, residential the in areas rural of Yamoah & Arthor 152 253; 2017: al., et (Cerro planning development regional of field the in entrepreneurship competitive mutually and sustainable provide can tourism rural even non and livestock and as such drivers agricu productive 966). of 2017: existence (Harpa, The areas rural in functions development from resulting dynamics spatial the realize and areas of rural in cycles competitiveness move regional can of entrepreneurship Harpa, field the in competitiveness than attention less and power less received have which areas, rural in especially competitiveness, regional of forces ua eternusi i oe f h driving the of one is entrepreneurship Rural nte lnigltrtr, clusteri literature, planning the In position the and production of scale Giventhe - 153). lture, food, small workshop industries industries workshop small food, lture, -

product - nutil nt. lseig brings Clustering units. industrial kened the rural economy (Fallah (Fallah economy rural the kened v atvte o te villages the of activities ive

urban areas. According to According to areas. urban - - production units. This This units. production ietc pout and products livestock ector to invest in in invest to ector . The spatial spatial The . ng zones is is zones ng - playing in playingin ty and in in and ty , 2019: 2019: , im a b cmeiie n w ways: two in competitive be rural can of firm promotion (Korsga the areas these development in for competitiveness of formation the to lead can regard, entrepreneurship this of Innetwork. settlement rural the of organization lack the weakening of the housing capacities and spatial and product villages of formation the of structure Barmaki, 6). 1390: and Zanouz (Hadi regions of development the to leads process this of Continuation investors. the on hand other and capacity entrepreneurial enhance of hand one creation the on that the environments innovative and specialties regional and networks interconnected rural of formation the is level regional the at issue this of reflection model is the theoretical basis in this stu 70). 2017: (Shahraki, areas rural in industries multidisciplinary and agriculture multifunctional to related also is areas rural in well as poverty rural the on relies This production. cultivation and productivity in order to increase emphasizes under area the increasing accumulation, capital which school modernization of the achievements dev and features rural the both the shows of one as entrepreneurship rural that said In be and can it areas. fact, rural approaches, in competitiveness gender ultimately and globalization sustainability, as such issues address also can it but development, rural in changes emerging response good a be it can only Not spaces). (middle cities adjacent and towns satellite and industry of field the in also but areas, agriculture rural and of field the in only not pursued is production and development 2015). al., the complementary (Kors chains production of completion increases and relationships, capacities, creating production of possibility the opportunities, entrepreneurial scale not large creating to addition networking, in Rural are a of clusters creating in sought be alone must villages large of that capable Given 1990). (Porter, production of scale or differentiation In other words, the weakness of the economic the of weakness the words, other In n umr, t a b si ta te Harpa the that said be can it summary, In that phenomenon a is entrepreneurship Rural

as their empowerment. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship empowerment. their as ard et al., 2015). According to Porter, a Porter, to According2015). al., et ard

create an attractive environment for for environment attractive an create - scale production, the solution solution the production, scale

ion clusters cause the the cause clusters ion elopment strategies strategies elopment dy. This dy. This gaard et et gaard ctivity. to to - Downloaded from jhre.ir at 11:06 +0330 on Wednesday September 29th 2021 well as statistical information related to to related information statistical as as district well Saran Cheshmeh of heads village and villagesmembers Islamic the of Council of method survey wit was used field the research, analytical the of or part data quantitative collecting for study, this In area. study the and issue research the to related references valid and statistics of documents the to referring and collecte method library "descriptive data Descriptive with methodology. and targeting E ch value these of characteristics the are relations cluster of processing force, completion and labor industries, conversion of specialized capacities, development of entrepreneurial concentration of infrastructures, role knowledge regio of Development regions. other than productivity of higher have leading role regions Competitive specialized competitiveness the the recognizes Regional to competitiveness. attention and education creativity, innovation, of index the of use the course, of and, comprehensiveness The present study has been done with applied applied with done been has study present The its to due selected been has model search Methodology search F1. F1. h a questionnaire that was used by used was that questionnaire a h Model of entrepreneurial innovation competitiveness in rural environment environment in rural competitiveness innovation entrepreneurial of Model

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tradition Objective rural areas in the level of regional regional of level the in development. areas and rural a in play will and competitiveness areas rural enhancing of infrastructure, drivers the of one as Rural considered be can capacities. entrepreneurship natural technology and environmental and knowledge and networks, areas entrepreneurship infrastructure rural market, in of aspe the to attention requires functions drivers competitiveness the As recognizing and explaining 1, 17). Figure in shown 2015: Tusi, (Sharifzadegan, regions capacities. In the second step, since since step, second the coefficients, In entrepreneurial factor on capacities. based graded calculated are the villages method. the (EFA) by Using analysis determined factor measuri 128 for exploratory are indicators this, 16 entrepreneurship step, on first the Based village. werecompleted. questionnaires each in about the 16 indicators for each of the activities asked was question separate a groups, activity employme on data official the to addition In city. Azadshahr of district Saran Cheshmeh h wr poes osss f w sae. In stages. two of consists process work The

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nt in in nt ng 89 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

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a in South rate growth population of areas. and study rural in The lives population the Saran of 80% than more Cheshmehsaran, In Cheshmeh Khorramarud called Semnan villages two into divided and is (Cheshmehsaran) west the provi east, from the city from Ramian city Minoodasht north, is from city the of the area of part terms rural central the to In this adjacent proximity, city. and Azadshahr location of east the and village report, between this correlation (in row the and column relative on based Comparative analysis area. a this in competitiveness of is functions the analyze and explain to used been advantage competitive has analysis correspondence actors, other of in Cheshmehsaran includes area study The nce from the south. This area area This south. the from nce F 3. 3. Population distribution in the area understudy area the in distribution Population F2. F2. Conceptual model for research process modelresearch for Conceptual

in a region at the same the aregionat timein (Figure 2). village each of specialties the and region a of activities unique and specialized the show can two a in a phenomenon ilg ta hs xeine a negative a population Cheshmehsaran the section in distribution the shows experienced 3 Figure rate. has growth that only village the is villages) 4 (with city Azadshahr (2011 run short the in (1996 run of rate growth a has village short (2011 the in period and 2% was rate growth (1996 study under period the in district rural Khorramarud southern the long ctivity) draws the correlation between factors factors between correlation the draws ctivity) - em eid f 0 y 20 of period term - - dimensional structure. Therefore, it it Therefore, structure. dimensional 2016) and a g a and 2016) n fcss n h performance the on focuses and - 06 1. Cheshmehsaran 1%. 2016) .

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- 2016). This village in in village This 2016). rowth rate of of rate rowth ears shows that in in that shows ears - 2016) population population 2016) - 0.2% in the long the in 0.2%

- - 0.9% 0.9% term .

Downloaded from jhre.ir at 11:06 +0330 on Wednesday September 29th 2021 animal husbandry training courses such as as such courses training husbandry and animal agricultural area, this in villages the of occupations main the are husbandry and S animal agriculture that fact the to Due of village. residents the of main the of one occupations is stricture in working and mines, coal Rudbar, are to vicinity their to due mines villages of Vatan and Residents Sousra husbandry. animal and agriculture is area this in specialty main villages, Cheshmehsaran villages. Vatan and Mahdiabad Masoumabad then and and related is rate participation Kashidar economic lowest 46.67% The villages. then is with village Cheshmehsaran and Hajiabad economic to of highest related rate The village. participation each for Table 2 shows the main occupations of of occupations main the shows 2 Table Ta 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Row 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ble ble 1 shows the humanresource indicators

to Rudbar village with 25.89% 25.89% with village Rudbar to CH1. CH1. Saray Mohammadhossein Saray Eslamabad Gheshlagh Eslamabad Mohammadaliabad ry Mohammadhossein aray KhoshYeylagh Economic participation rate of villages in Cheshmeh Saran inCheshmeh of villages rate Economicparticipation Masoumabad Narges Chal Narges Ra Mahdiabad Gheshlagh Ghaznavi Kashidar Hajiabad Teilabad Roudbar Vamnan Sibchal Farsian Village Sousra Narab Vatan himabad

based on which the the which on based T1.

Manpower of villages in Cheshmeh Saran inCheshmeh villages of Manpower

Economic participation rate participation Economic 35.28 35.29 36.64 37.52 37.63 38.30 38.60 39.10 39.49 39.50 41.07 41.3 41.38 44.05 46.67 and of spiritual and mobility material facilities. of and use dynamism the (employed in the society of whic sign to 100, a by population population multiplied employed unemployed) economic of ratio of active the level rate Employment is the villages. of shows participation 1 Chart atr o rrl entre purpose. this for used been has rural analysis factor Exploratory goals. the with of accordance in Cheshmehsaran factors Agricultural and drivers the identify to made was attempt Jihad the are E care to villages.Organization these in animal horticulture, and entrusted disinfection, production, seed cultivatio rice mushroom optimal 25.89 31.31 33.07 33.48 35.10 t hs tg o te eerh frt an first research, the of stage this At search findings search 0

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n, saffron cultivation, cultivation, saffron n, Total employment rate Totalemployment .

86.96 97.22 82.83 80.18 84.93 88.89 59.09 90.31 95.41 90.24 94.74 91.67 93.92 72.55 96.77 94.90 91.30 90.41 100 100 preneurship in in preneurship

h is is h

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ah atr ru hs en eitrd and registered been has group factor each with associated green. in factor each variables the shows 3 Table below variance. data of 74% with existe drivers the showed data fromthe extracted variance total of table Based on the results of factor analysis, the the analysis, factor of results the on Based was confirmed. test the of n h floig te atr coeffi factor the following, the In Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial Actualdemand Mohammadhossein Mohammadaliabad Access to rare to Access Social capital Social Infrastructure opportunities Employment Road access Road Diversity of Diversity KhoshYeylagh technol experience Access to Access to Access resources T3. T3. activities Masoumabad Training Tourism Literacy Narges Chal Narges courses Income market Rahimabad natural Mahdiabad Eslamabad Eslamabad NGOs Gheshlagh Gheshlagh Ghaznavi Risk Kashidar Hajiabad Teilabad Roudbar Vamnan Sibchal Farsian Village Sousra Narab Vatan Saray

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Kaiser with Varimax RotationMethod: T2. T2. Rotation matrix to identify driver identify matrix to Rotation ogy Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Analysis. Component Principal Method: Extraction

Main occupation of each village. of occupation Main

a. Rotation converged in 7 iterations. in 7 Rotation converged a.

- 0.043 0.091 - 0.080 internal variables internal .811 .640 .683 .164 .814 .241 .106 .740 .105 .266 .706 .874 .245 1

Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture

Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture

nce of five identified identified five of nce

- - - 0.156 0.449 0.055 0.095 - - 0.093 0.034 0.094 .886 .130 .188 .891 .174 .404 .363 – .346 .127

2 work Gardening Gardening

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Mining Mining Mining Mining Mining Mining

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- Owning trucks Owning 0.052 - - Gardening Gardening

0.003 .170 .271 .297 .135 0.07 .825 .805 .634 .120 .121 - - Animal Husbandry Animal Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Animal .192 .103 .81 .14 3

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demand are the most important factor factor important actual social the are Cheshmeh there Then Saran. most t of in the entrepreneurship affecting existence entrepreneurial are the of demand variables and two experience to fields entrepreneurial due of existence the determined is that it this, on Based factor. each o mean arithmetic the from social factor calculated are coefficients determined. the Factor are there important Then Saran. actual Cheshmeh most of the entr affecting existence are the demand variables and two experience to fields entrepreneurial due of existence the determined is that it this, on Based factor. each of variables the of mean arithmetic the from calculated are coefficients determined. Factor villagers less likely to benefit from the the o from one example, For it. of advantage take benefit to their investors to foreign and opportunity tourism likely less villagers and of the makes This tendency homes. their the sell to villagers is note to tourists point important include to also of tours Farsian accommodation. the provide river presence the of vicinity the in bottom and the at resorts two and village the hand of lan of of eco three possibility products, sale The the tourism. products, of field the in the provided activities side of development have the for ground Jihad Agricultural and general the Organization Tourism by the and Heritage residents Cultural and the side to village provided The education the village. of Farsian activities to country the of provinces other and Tehran from tourists bring tours These country. the of tours tourist major the with cooperates which in village, the tours tourist active 2 are there that the noted of one is point tourism notable of field the in work who village the in entrepreneurs of presence The capacities. physical and environmental significant has city, the of pilot tourism and village target tourism the as village, Farsian different in are villages these opportunities and fields capacities. Entrepreneurial entrepreneurial with villages as identified are Vatan and Vamnan Kashidar, Accordingly, four villages of Farsian, Farsian, of villages four Accordingly, rs atatos f te vlae. An villages. other of attractions urist o ti vlae I sol be should It village. this of s epreneurship in the villages of of villages the in epreneurship - tourism resorts at the top top the at resorts tourism of entrepreneurial entrepreneurial of

f the variables of of variables the f from each other. other. each from he villages of of villages he - picking f the the f .

d

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T5. T5. Access to rare natural resources natural rare to Access Classification of Cheshmeh Saran villages according to according villages Saran Cheshmeh of Classification

Tourismopportunities Diversity of activities of Diversity Access to technology to Access He has invested in the the in invested has He 1 Employment st

T4. T4. :Economic Income

0.753 Explanation of entrepreneurial drivers in Cheshmeh Saran. in Cheshmeh drivers entrepreneurial of Explanation eiia pat and plants medicinal

Eslamabad Gheshlagh Gheshlagh Eslamabad

e, one of of one e, paddy o Entrepreneurial experience Entrepreneurial

2 nd : Entrepreneurial Fields :Entrepreneurial

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Farsian Farsian

Haji Abad Abad Haji

–

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Kashidar Kashidar Next, based on the second goal of the the of goal second the on based Next, -

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Saray Saray

ledge

s

93 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

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94 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

ssanbe rvr o eiaie ru revitalize to driver sustainable a Conclusion Cheshmehsaran. are of tourism Meanwhile, activities and industry competitive wood poultry, plants, medicinal and saffron that determined unique analysis. correspondence the of a non is Tab employment has rural for of part village large when, a words, other In role. specialized implicitly each the achieved of example, will be inertia value maximumonly the The sum. from maximum distance large obtained be never will value e eo I fc, h mxmm numerical maximum the fact, In zero. be Nowadays, entrepreneurship is is it analysis, correspondence the on Based Active Total Active Handicrafts Agriculture Livestock Tourism industry poultry Role B: Normal distribution of similarities in similarities of distribution Normal B: Wood Herbs les 6 and Figures 4 and 5 show the results results the 5 show 4 and and Figures 6 les F4. F4. Function (Expertise) Function

Medicinal plants Medicinal

Wood industry Wood

Similarities distribution chart in the activities of of activities in the chart Similaritiesdistribution Tourism Mass 0.131 0.130 0.120 0.111 0.129 0.122 0.129 0.127 poultry farms are excluded from excluded are farms poultry 1 T6. T6. villages

Cheshmeh Saran and Villages. and Saran Cheshmeh

Results of the correspondence analysis to identify the function of each village each of function the identify to analysis correspondence the Resultsof

- - 0.534 0.522 0. 0.466 0.421 0.153 2.249 Score inDimension Score 0.69 1 383

T7. T7.

Specialized function of villages in the synergistic network. synergistic inthe villages of function Specialized

and will have a have will and - - - - 0.728 0.869 0.246 0.413 0.701 1.229 0.290 0.154 -

2

Numbe

exchangeable.

considered considered as

A: Normal distribution of similarities in similarities of distribution Normal A:

r of points with similar function in network infunction similar with points ofr ral areas areas ral Inertia

0.073 0.028 1.062 0.074 0.071 0.115 0.135 0.475 a. Symmetrical normalization Symmetrical a. 0.89

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2 3 1

Of Point to Inertia of Dimension of Inertia Pointto Of

0.037 0.001 0.004 0.045 0.025 0.818 0.03 0.04 1

1

opttvns o rrl ra cn be can medicinal of areas production woodindustryandtourism. plants, the rural in mentioned of competitiveness analysi 7. Table in network, described which is synergistic the in competitiveness their recognizing of aim the with determined Cheshmehsaran. regionin the competitiveness the on based determined villagers. to is villages the of role specialized the Finally, according phase, conversion the in weakness and markets large to access of lack to due activities competitive of set the of globalization by targeting urban urban the targeting to attention pay by we If globalization development. of age the in competitiveness their improve and

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, h thre the s,

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1 F

5. 5.

Contribution chart in the activities of of activities in the chart Correspondence Analysis Analysis Correspondence Cheshmeh Saran Cheshmeh mi fntos and functions main e Villages which have the expertise havethe which Villages Of D Of 0.288 0.620 0.006 0.026 0.363 0.199 0.106 0.983

1

Farsian Farsian imension to Inertia of Point of Inertia to imension

Vamnan Sousra

–

Vamnan

0.138 0.430 0.502 0.047 0.218 0.659 0.05 0.01

2

.

.

Total

0.436 0.528 0.410 0.418 0.765 0.993 0.426 0.670

of

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iiain ae mn te activity the among are potential. tourism limitations resources natural land on has Dependence area This activity. of terms in Shahroud on dependent are farming poultry area. this in activities other and Livestock mine. sea agricultural non In factor. road and river the by among affected are is villages of settlement mining The activities. these ecotourism, and Road tourism and activities. historical tourism of natural range services, wide a covers trans the Shahroud. agriculture, formed non to in work are villagers addition flows In capital regionally. its and basic are area land this of activities The seen. competitiveness of rural areas of of areas rural the for of specialties and competitiveness three functions are there that main said be can it general, Khandou Nodeh of these two villages is also of affected town bythe employment and activity agriculture, of structure the in addition, In activities industry. wood and horticulture, of variety wide acti the influential aspects employmenton the and of one as considered also is mine Gheshlagh of existence The area. this of points notable irrigated the of one is lands forest into entry livestock of water on restrictions legal to share due pastures to to access remark is their villages agriculture these and of resources access The plants, for forest beekeeping. and horticulture, tourism, natural opportunity and medicinal potential of a cultivation is there area, Chal Narges Vatan, income.of terms in problems have they but high, is area this in activities of diversity The mine. coal the in is laborers as activity villagers' the of part A significant husbandry andhorticulture. animal agriculture, of terms in traditional is this zone. The structure area activitythis of in of villages the among are Masoumabad and area. this of characteristics hsyiah Te ige ilg i highly is village single The Khoshyeilagh: centere zone Activity Sousra and Saray Mohammadhossein have a have Mohammadhossein Saray and Sousra includes It zone: activity Mountain Gheshlagh Roudbar, Gheshlagh, Eslamabad vity area. this of

sons, villagers work in the the in work villagers sons, z and Gheshlagh mine. In mine. Gheshlagh and z

, and Hajiabad. In this this In Hajiabad. and , - d in Farsian: This zone This Farsian: in d agricultural seasons in in seasons agricultural able. However, poor poor However, able.

n activity and - -

95 Autumn 2020 ♦ No, 171 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

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