Dominance of Indigenous Saccharomyces Uvarum in Spontaneous Wine Fermentations Conducted in the Okanagan Valley

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dominance of Indigenous Saccharomyces Uvarum in Spontaneous Wine Fermentations Conducted in the Okanagan Valley Dominance of indigenous Saccharomyces uvarum in spontaneous wine fermentations conducted in the Okanagan Valley by Garrett McCarthy B.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2016 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) July 2019 © Garrett McCarthy, 2019 i The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: Dominance of Saccharomyces uvarum in spontaneous wine fermentations conducted in the Okanagan Valley submitted by Garrett McCarthy in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Dr. Dan Durall, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisor Dr. Vivien Measday, Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems Supervisor Dr. Louise Nelson, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Sepideh Pakpour, School of Engineering University Examiner ii Abstract The majority of wines are produced by inoculated alcoholic fermentations using commercialized strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yet there is a growing trend in winemaking to perform spontaneous fermentations, which rely on microbiota present on grape berries, and/or on winery surfaces and equipment. An advantage for spontaneous over inoculated fermentation is a more complex sensory profile due to a wider range of metabolites from differing yeast species, which may help to define the regional identity of the wine. Once the spontaneous fermentation progresses into the mid and late stages of fermentation, ethanol-tolerant S. cerevisiae strains usually dominate. Contrarily, previous studies in our lab showed that an indigenous yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum, can dominate over S. cerevisiae during spontaneous Okanagan Chardonnay fermentations. My objectives were to: 1) determine if S. uvarum was again part of the fungal community in spontaneous Chardonnay fermentations; and if so; 2) develop an improved classification method for S. uvarum strains; 3) determine the degree of genetic diversity of the S. uvarum populations in spontaneous Chardonnay fermentations, which differ in their grape origin; and 4) determine whether S. uvarum was part of the fungal community on grapes from different vineyards of the Okanagan Valley wine region. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing, I found S. uvarum was again dominant over S. cerevisiae in all winery fermentations, similar to findings in 2015 from spontaneous fermentations in the same winery. Using culture-dependent methods, I performed S. uvarum strain analysis with a novel, 11-loci microsatellite multiplex screen, and used Bruvo genetic distance to classify multi- locus genotypes into strains. I identified over 200 multi-locus genotypes and classified them into over 50 unique strains from winery fermentations that differed significantly in composition between treatments comprising grapes from two Chardonnay vineyards. As well, high- throughput amplicon sequencing revealed the presence of S. uvarum throughout all four vineyard iii locations spread across the Okanagan Valley wine region. My results indicate there may be commercial interest in using S. uvarum as a potential alternative to S. cerevisiae, which is typically the species used in winery fermentations. iv Lay Summary This thesis provides evidence that a yeast called Saccharomyces uvarum found from the winery environment can dominate alcoholic fermentations in the Okanagan Valley, even outcompeting the typical yeast used called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The S. uvarum found in the Okanagan was also unexpectedly genetically diverse as compared with what has been seen before in the literature. Grapes were sourced from two different vineyards and followed into the same winery as the two treatments, where the fermentations were taken over mainly by the resident S. uvarum yeast at the winery. There were differences in S. uvarum strain composition between the two treatments. I also found that S. uvarum was present on grapes in four vineyards (two were the vineyards followed into the winery), which were spread across the Okanagan Valley wine region. Seeing how well it can complete the fermentations, certain strains of S. uvarum may be an alternative choice to S. cerevisiae strains when winemakers select yeast starters for Chardonnay fermentations. v Preface I was responsible for implementing wine fermentations according to the experimental design as well as collecting all the samples from Mission Hill Family Estate Winery and from four vineyards during the 2017 vintage for fungal community analysis. The fungal identification through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were performed in the molecular lab at the University of British Columbia’s Okanagan campus. I was responsible for the majority of data collection from the winery and vineyard experimental designs, statistical analysis interpretation and writing the thesis, under the supervision of my co-supervisors Dr. Daniel Durall and Dr. Vivien Measday. My supervisory committee member Dr. Louise Nelson also reviewed this thesis. Brianne Newman assisted with culture-dependent methods and collection of vineyard samples. Sydney Morgan assisted with culture-independent, high-throughput sequencing preparation, and analysis of the sequenced reads. vi Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iii Lay Summary .................................................................................................................................v Preface ........................................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................x List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... xiii Dedication ................................................................................................................................... xiv 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Alcoholic fermentation of grape juice ................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Inoculated fermentation ................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Spontaneous fermentation .............................................................................................. 3 1.2 Saccharomyces uvarum ......................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Saccharomyces uvarum and the Saccharomyces sensu stricto ...................................... 5 1.2.2 Introgressions into S. uvarum strains ............................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Holoarctic Saccharomyces uvarum history and geography ........................................... 7 1.3 Physiological differences between S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae ........................................... 8 1.3.1 Psychrotrophic nature of S. uvarum ............................................................................... 8 1.3.2 S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae influence on wine body sensory characters ...................... 9 1.3.3 S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae influence on wine aroma sensory characters .................. 11 1.4 Identifying and characterizing S. uvarum through both species and strain typing analysis 12 1.4.1 Genotyping of S. uvarum strains .................................................................................. 12 vii 1.4.2 High-throughput amplicon sequencing of yeast species in grape and spontaneous wine fermentations......................................................................................................................... 14 1.5 Thesis objectives and hypotheses ........................................................................................ 16 1.5.1 Background to objectives and hypotheses ................................................................... 16 1.5.2 Objectives and hypotheses ........................................................................................... 16 2 High genotypic diversity and dominance of indigenous Saccharomyces uvarum in spontaneous Chardonnay fermentations conducted at an Okanagan Valley winery ...........20 2.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................ 21 2.2.1 Spontaneous fermentation experimental design in the MHFE winery ........................ 21 2.2.2 High throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS) for analysis of species community composition ..........................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Saccharomyces Eubayanus, the Missing Link to Lager Beer Yeasts
    MICROBE PROFILE Sampaio, Microbiology 2018;164:1069–1071 DOI 10.1099/mic.0.000677 Microbe Profile: Saccharomyces eubayanus, the missing link to lager beer yeasts Jose Paulo Sampaio* Graphical abstract Ecology and phylogeny of Saccharomyces eubayanus. (a) The ecological niche of S. eubayanus in the Southern Hemisphere – Nothofagus spp. (southern beech) and sugar-rich fructifications (stromata) of its fungal biotrophic parasite Cyttaria spp., that can attain the size of golf balls. (b) Schematic representation of the phylogenetic position of S. eubayanus within the genus Saccharomyces based on whole-genome sequences. Occurrence in natural environments (wild) or participation in different human-driven fermentations is highlighted, together with the thermotolerant or cold-tolerant nature of each species and the origins of S. pastorianus, the lager beer hybrid. Abstract Saccharomyces eubayanus was described less than 10 years ago and its discovery settled the long-lasting debate on the origins of the cold-tolerant yeast responsible for lager beer fermentation. The largest share of the genetic diversity of S. eubayanus is located in South America, and strains of this species have not yet been found in Europe. One or more hybridization events between S. eubayanus and S. cerevisiae ale beer strains gave rise to S. pastorianus, the allopolyploid yeasts responsible for lager beer production worldwide. The identification of the missing progenitor of lager yeast opened new avenues for brewing yeast research. It allowed not only the selective breeding of new lager strains, but revealed also a wild yeast with interesting brewing abilities so that a beer solely fermented by S. eubayanus is currently on the market.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Relative Abundance of Two Saccharomyces Species from Oak Forests to Wine Fermentations
    Changes in the relative abundance of two Saccharomyces species from oak forests to wine fermentations Sofia Dashko1, 2, Ping Liu3, Helena Volk2, Lorena Butinar2, Jure Piškur1, 2, Justin C. Fay3* 1Biology, Lund University, Sweden, 2Wine Research Center, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia, 3Genetics, Washington University, USA Submitted to Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology Specialty Section: Food Microbiology ISSN: 1664-302X Article type: Original Research Article Received on: 10 Dec 2015 Accepted on: 09 Feb 2016 Provisional PDF published on: 09 Feb 2016 Frontiers website link: www.frontiersin.org ProvisionalCitation: Dashko S, Liu P, Volk H, Butinar L, Piškur J and Fay JC(2016) Changes in the relative abundance of two Saccharomyces species from oak forests to wine fermentations. Front. Microbiol. 7:215. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00215 Copyright statement: © 2016 Dashko, Liu, Volk, Butinar, Piškur and Fay. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance, after peer-review. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org Provisional Changes in the relative abundance of two Saccharomyces species from oak forests to wine fermentations Sofia Dashko1,2, Ping Liu3, Helena Volk1, Lorena Butinar1, Jure Piškur1,2 and Justin C.
    [Show full text]
  • Saccharomyces Uvarum Yeast Isolate Consumes Acetic Acid During Fermentation of High Sugar Juice and Juice with High Starting Volatile Acidity
    Received: 11 October 2019 y Accepted: 28 March 2020 y Published: 16 Avril 2020 DOI:10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.2.2594 VINE AND WINE OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL Saccharomyces uvarum yeast isolate consumes acetic acid during fermentation of high sugar juice and juice with high starting volatile acidity Jennifer M. Kelly 1, Stephanie A. van Dyk 3, Lisa K. Dowling 2, Gary J. Pickering 2,3 , Belinda Kemp 2,3 and Debra L. Inglis 1,2,3 * 1Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada 2Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada 3Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S3A1, Canada *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Aim: A Saccharomyces uvarum isolate was assessed for its ability to metabolize acetic acid present in juice and during the fermentation of partially dehydrated grapes. The impact on other yeast metabolites was also compared using an S. uvarum isolate and an S. cerevisiae wine yeast. The upper limit of fruit concentration that allowed the S. uvarum isolate to ferment wines to < 5 g/L residual sugar was defined. Methods and results: Cabernet franc grapes were partially dehydrated to three different post-harvest sugar targets (24.5 °Brix, 26.0 °Brix, and 27.5 °Brix) along with non-dehydrated grapes (21.5 °Brix control). Musts from all treatments were vinified with either the S. uvarum isolate CN1, formerly identified as S. bayanus , or S. cerevisiae EC1118. All wines were successfully vinified to less than 5 g/L residual sugar. Fermentation kinetics between the two yeasts were similar for all wines other than 27.5 °Brix, where CN1 took three days longer.
    [Show full text]
  • An Indigenous Saccharomyces Uvarum Population with High Genetic Diversity Dominates
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/838268; this version posted November 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 An indigenous Saccharomyces uvarum population with high genetic diversity dominates 2 uninoculated Chardonnay fermentations at a Canadian winery 3 4 Garrett C. McCarthy1¶, Sydney C. Morgan1¶*, Jonathan T. Martiniuk2, Brianne L. 5 Newman1, Vivien Measday2, Daniel M. Durall1 6 7 1Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, The University of 8 British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada 9 2Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British 10 Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 11 12 ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work 13 14 * Corresponding author 15 Email: [email protected] (SCM) 16 17 Short title: Genetic diversity of Saccharomyces uvarum 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/838268; this version posted November 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 24 Abstract 25 Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the primary yeast species responsible for most 26 fermentations in winemaking. However, other yeasts, including Saccharomyces uvarum, 27 have occasionally been found conducting commercial fermentations around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Unique Volatile Chemical Profiles Produced by Indigenous And
    Received: 2 December 2020 y Accepted: 1st July 2021 y Published: 27 July 2021 DOI:10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.3.4551 Unique volatile chemical profiles produced by indigenous and commercial strains of Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during laboratory-scale Chardonnay fermentations. Sarah M. Lyons1, Sydney C. Morgan1,5, Stephanie McCann1, Samantha Sanderson1, Brianne L. Newman1, Tommaso Liccioli Watson2, Vladimir Jiranek2,3, Daniel M. Durall1 and Wesley F. Zandberg4*. 1 University of British Columbia Okanagan, Biology Department, 1177 Research Rd, Kelowna BC V1V 1V7, Canada 2 The University of Adelaide, Department of Wine Science, Urrbrae, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia 3 The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia 4 University of British Columbia Okanagan, Chemistry Department, 1177 Research Rd, Kelowna BC V1V 1V7, Canada 5 Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037 *corresponding author: [email protected] Associate editor: Hervé Alexandre ABSTRACT Each wine growing region hosts unique communities of indigenous yeast species, which may enter fermentation and contribute to the final flavour profile of wines. One of these species,Saccharomyces uvarum, is typically described as a cryotolerant yeast that produces relatively high levels of glycerol and rose-scented volatile compounds as compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main yeast in winemaking. Comparisons of fermentative and chemical properties between S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae at the species level are relatively common; however, a paucity of information has been collected on the potential variability present among S.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrids Saccharomyces Cerevisiae X Saccharomyces Bayanus Var
    HYBRIDS SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE X SACCHAROMYCES BAYANUS VAR. UVARUM HAVING A HIGH LIBERATING ABILITY OF SOME SULFUR VARIETAL AROMAS OF VITIS VINIFERA SAUVIGNON BLANC WINES DES HYBRIDES SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE X SACCHAROMYCES BAYANUS VAR. UVARUM PRÉSENTANT UNE FORTE APTITUDE À RÉVÈLER DES COMPOSÉS SOUFRÉS CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE L’ARÔME VARIÉTAL DES VINS BLANCS DE SAUVIGNON Isabelle MASNEUF1, Marie-Laure MURAT2, G.I. NAUMOV3, T. TOMINAGA2 and D. DUBOURDIEU2 1 : ENITA de Bordeaux, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan cedex, France 2 : Faculté d'Œnologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France. 3 : State Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, I-Dorozhnyi 1, Moscow 113545, Russia Summary : We measured ability of some indigenousSaccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum wine yeasts to release volatile thiols from their S-cysteine conjugate precursors, odorous compounds responsible for the characteristic aroma of Sauvignon blanc wines. We also made interspecific hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum strains and verified their hybrid origin with karyotypes and MET2 PCR-RFLP analysis. As compared to the parents, some hybrids could release high amounts of volatile thiols from the S-cysteine conjugate precursor without producing excessive amounts of β-phenylethyl alcohol and its acetate. One hybrid was retained for industrial production under a dry form and successfully compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in experimental tests in different cellars. Résumé : L’aptitude de certaines souches de l’espèce Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum à libérer, au cours de la fermentation alcoolique, les thiols volatils de leurs précurseurs cystéinylés est étudiée dans ce travail.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Non-Cerevisiae Saccharomyces Yeast Species Used in Beer and Alcoholic Beverage Fermentations
    fermentation Review Novel Non-Cerevisiae Saccharomyces Yeast Species Used in Beer and Alcoholic Beverage Fermentations James Bruner * and Glen Fox * Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (G.F.) Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 22 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: A great deal of research in the alcoholic beverage industry was done on non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in recent years. The increase in research interest could be attributed to the changing of consumer tastes and the search for new beer sensory experiences, as well as the rise in popularity of mixed-fermentation beers. The search for unique flavors and aromas, such as the higher alcohols and esters, polyfunctional thiols, lactones and furanones, and terpenoids that produce fruity and floral notes led to the use of non-cerevisiae Saccharomyces species in the fermentation process. Additionally, a desire to invoke new technologies and techniques for making alcoholic beverages also led to the use of new and novel yeast species. Among them, one of the most widely used non-cerevisiae strains is S. pastorianus, which was used in the production of lager beer for centuries. The goal of this review is to focus on some of the more distinct species, such as those species of Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts: S. kudriavzevii, S. paradoxus, S. mikatae, S. uvarum, and S. bayanus. In addition, this review discusses other Saccharomyces spp. that were used in alcoholic fermentation. Most importantly, the factors professional brewers might consider when selecting a strain of yeast for fermentation, are reviewed herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Adaptive Evolution of Saccharomyces Wine Yeast: a Review Souhir Marsit, Sylvie Dequin
    Diversity and adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces wine yeast: a review Souhir Marsit, Sylvie Dequin To cite this version: Souhir Marsit, Sylvie Dequin. Diversity and adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces wine yeast: a review. FEMS Yeast Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2015, 15 (7), 12 p. 10.1093/femsyr/fov067. hal-01837757 HAL Id: hal-01837757 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01837757 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. FEMS Yeast Research, 15, 2015, fov067 doi: 10.1093/femsyr/fov067 Advance Access Publication Date: 23 July 2015 Minireview MINIREVIEW Diversity and adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces wine yeast: a review Souhir Marsit1,2,3 and Sylvie Dequin1,2,3,∗ 1INRA, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France, 2Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France and 3Montpellier University, UMR1083, SPO, F-34060 Montpellier, France ∗ Corresponding author: Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Unite´ mixte de recherche Sciences pour l’œnologie, 2 place Viala, Montpellier, 34060, France. Tel: +33-4-99-61-25-28; Fax: +33-4-99-61-28-57; E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advances on the diversity and evolutionary history of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts, focusing on the domestication fingerprints identified in these strains.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Sourdough Strains with Cryotolerant Saccharomyces Bayanus NBRC1948 As a Strategy to In
    microorganisms Article Hybridization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sourdough Strains with Cryotolerant Saccharomyces bayanus NBRC1948 as a Strategy to Increase Diversity of Strains Available for Lager Beer Fermentation Martina Catallo 1,† , Fabrizio Iattici 1,†, Cinzia L. Randazzo 2, Cinzia Caggia 2, Kristoffer Krogerus 3 , Frederico Magalhães 3, Brian Gibson 4 and Lisa Solieri 1,* 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (F.I.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (C.L.R.); [email protected] (C.C.) 3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland; Kristoffer.Krogerus@vtt.fi (K.K.); Frederico.Magalhaes@vtt.fi (F.M.) 4 Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Berlin, Seestraße 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0522-522026 † These authors contribute equally to this work. Citation: Catallo, M.; Iattici, F.; Abstract: The search for novel brewing strains from non-brewing environments represents an Randazzo, C.L.; Caggia, C.; Krogerus, emerging trend to increase genetic and phenotypic diversities in brewing yeast culture collections. K.; Magalhães, F.; Gibson, B.; Solieri, Another valuable tool is hybridization, where beneficial traits of individual strains are combined in a L. Hybridization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sourdough Strains with single organism. This has been used successfully to create de novo hybrids from parental brewing Cryotolerant Saccharomyces bayanus strains by mimicking natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae ale × Saccharomyces eubayanus lager yeast NBRC1948 as a Strategy to Increase hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • Searching for Telomerase Rnas in Saccharomycetes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/323675; this version posted May 16, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Article TERribly Difficult: Searching for Telomerase RNAs in Saccharomycetes Maria Waldl 1,†, Bernhard C. Thiel 1,†, Roman Ochsenreiter 1, Alexander Holzenleiter 2,3, João Victor de Araujo Oliveira 4, Maria Emília M. T. Walter 4, Michael T. Wolfinger 1,5* ID , Peter F. Stadler 6,7,1,8* ID 1 Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria; {maria,thiel,romanoch}@tbi.univie.ac.at, michael.wolfi[email protected] 2 BioInformatics Group, Fakultät CB Hochschule Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, D-09648 Mittweida, Germany; [email protected] 3 Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany 4 Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de Brasília; [email protected], [email protected] 5 Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria 6 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions, and Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Germany 7 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 8 Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501 * Correspondence: MTW michael.wolfi[email protected]; PFS [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetics of Non-Conventional Wine Yeasts: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges
    MINI REVIEW published: 11 January 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01563 The Genetics of Non-conventional Wine Yeasts: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarede 1, 2, Marina Bely 1, Philippe Marullo 1, 3 and Warren Albertin 1, 4* 1 ISVV, Unité de Recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux INP, University Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France, 2 Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Gradignan, France, 3 Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France, 4 ENSCBP, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France Saccharomyces cerevisiae is by far the most widely used yeast in oenology. However, during the last decade, several other yeasts species has been purposed for winemaking as they could positively impact wine quality. Some of these non-conventional yeasts (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia kluyveri, Lachancea thermotolerans, etc.) are now proposed as starters culture for winemakers in mixed fermentation with S. cerevisiae, and several others are the subject of various studies (Hanseniaspora uvarum, Starmerella bacillaris, etc.). Along with their biotechnological use, the knowledge of these non-conventional yeasts greatly increased these last 10 years. The aim of this review is to describe the last updates and the current state-of-art of Edited by: the genetics of non-conventional yeasts (including S. uvarum, T. delbrueckii, S. bacillaris, Gemma Beltran, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain etc.). We describe how genomics and genetics tools provide new data into the population Reviewed by: structure and biodiversity of non-conventional yeasts in winemaking environments. Aspasia Nisiotou, Future challenges will lie on the development of selection programs and/or genetic Technological Educational Institute of improvement of these non-conventional species.
    [Show full text]
  • AWRI 3.3.1 Final Report Jun 2016
    Evaluating non‐conventional yeast for the production of wines that contain less alcohol FINAL REPORT to WINE AUSTRALIA Chief Investigator: Cristian Varela Project Number: AWRI 3.3.1 Research Organisation: The Australian Wine Research Institute Date: 30/06/2016 1 Disclaimer This document has been prepared by The Australian Wine Research Institute ("the AWRI") for a specific purpose and is intended to be used solely for that purpose and unless expressly provided otherwise does not constitute professional, expert or other advice. The information contained within this document ("Information") is based upon sources, experimentation and methodology which at the time of preparing this document the AWRI believed to be reasonably reliable and the AWRI takes no responsibility for ensuring the accuracy of the Information subsequent to this date. No representation, warranty or undertaking is given or made by the AWRI as to the accuracy or reliability of any opinions, conclusions, recommendations or other information contained herein except as expressly provided within this document. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of the Information alone without prior assessment and verification of the accuracy of the Information. To the extent permitted by law and except as expressly provided to the contrary in this document all warranties whether express, implied, statutory or otherwise, relating in any way to the Information are expressly excluded and the AWRI, its officer, employees and contractors shall not be liable (whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise) for loss or damage of any kind (including direct, indirect and consequential loss and damage of business revenue, loss or profits, failure to realise expected profits or savings or other commercial or economic loss of any kind), however arising out of or in any way related to the Information, or the act, failure, omission or delay in the completion or delivery of the Information.
    [Show full text]