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NGHIÊN Cøu PHÂN LOĄI CHI BÀN HĄ (Typhonium) THU0C Hä

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NGHIÊN Cøu PHÂN LOĄI CHI BÀN HĄ (Typhonium) THU0C Hä 26(1): 25-31 T¹p chÝ Sinh häc 3-2004 Nghiªn cøu ph©n lo¹i chi B¸n h¹ ( Typhonium ) thuéc hä r¸y (araceae) ë ViÖt nam nguyÔn v¨n d−, vò xu©n ph−¬ng ViÖn Sinh th¸i vµ Tµi nguyªn sinh vËt Chi B¸n h¹ (Typhonium) bao gåm kho¶ng circinnatum ® ®−îc m« t¶ bëi Hetterscheid vµ h¬n 60 loµi ®−îc ph©n bè réng ri ë c¸c vïng ¸ cs. N¨m 2001, trong t¹p chÝ Aroideana, 2 bµi nhiÖt ®íi vµ nhiÖt ®íi cña Nam vµ §«ng Nam ¸ b¸o liªn tiÕp ® m« t¶ 17 loµi míi cña Th¸i Lan tíi §«ng B¾c ch©u óc, tõ NhËt B¶n tíi Ên §é. vµ 3 loµi míi cña ViÖt Nam [4, 6]. Ngoµi ra, c¸c Nã lµ chi cã sè loµi lín nhÊt vµ ®a d¹ng nhÊt nghiªn cøu kh¸c nh− nghiªn cøu vÒ h¹t phÊn trong t«ng Areae, ph©n hä Aroideae thuéc hä ®−îc tiÕn hµnh bëi Grayum (1986), hay nghiªn R¸y (Araceae). cøu rÊt quan träng vÒ cÊu tróc th©n cñ cña chi nµy bëi Murata (1984, 1988, 1990), v.v... ë ViÖt C«ng tr×nh chuyªn kh¶o ®Çu tiªn vÒ chi Nam, c¸c loµi cña chi nµy còng ®−îc ®Ò cËp Typhonium ®−îc viÕt bëi Engler [1]. Trong c«ng trong mét sè tµi liÖu. N¨m 1942, 3 loµi phæ biÕn tr×nh nµy, 23 loµi ® ®−îc m« t¶. TiÕp theo lµ ® ®ù¬c ghi nhËn lµ cã ë ViÖt Nam trong Thùc c«ng tr×nh cña Gagnepain viÕt vÒ hä R¸y ë vËt chÝ §¹i c−¬ng §«ng D−¬ng [2]. Tíi n¨m §«ng D−¬ng, trong ®ã 5 loµi míi cña chi 1993, Ph¹m Hoµng Hé bæ sung thªm 1 loµi cña Typhonium ® ®−îc m« t¶ [2]. Nh÷ng nghiªn chi nµy cho hÖ thùc vËt ViÖt Nam [14]. cøu cña c¸c t¸c gi¶ kh¸c sau nµy còng ® bæ sung thªm nhiÒu loµi míi cho chi Typhonium [3, Tõ khi ®−îc thiÕt lËp bëi Schott n¨m 1829, 4, 7, 8]. Nicolson vµ Sivadasan ® chØ râ nh÷ng chi Typhonium ® vµi lÇn ®−îc ®Ò cËp trong c¸c ®Æc ®iÓm kh¸c biÖt vµ chØnh lý vÒ mÆt danh c«ng tr×nh chuyªn kh¶o. Trong c¸c c«ng tr×nh ph¸p 4 loµi phæ biÕn lµ Typhonium blumei, nµy, c¸c t¸c gi¶ ® ®−a ra c¸c hÖ thèng biÓu hiÖn Typhonium flagelliforme, Typhonium roxbughii mèi quan hÖ hä hµng cña c¸c loµi trong chi. vµ Typhonium trilobatum [13]. Cïng víi Murata N¨m 1879, khi nghiªn cøu chi Typhonium , vµ Iwatsuki, Duangchai Sriboonma ® nghiªn Engler chia chi nµy thµnh 2 ph©n chi (subgenus) cøu chi Typhonium trong mét c«ng tr×nh chuyªn Eutyphonium vµ Heterostalis . Subg. kh¶o kh¸c [15]. Trong c«ng tr×nh nµy, c¸c t¸c Eutyphonium ph©n biÖt víi subg. Heterostalis gi¶ ® giíi thiÖu mét hÖ thèng míi cña chi bëi kh«ng cã hoa bÊt thô h×nh chuú gi÷a phÇn Typhonium , chØ râ c¸c ®Æc ®iÓm ®Ó ph©n biÖt hoa ®ùc vµ phÇn hoa c¸i. Hai ph©n chi nµy sau c¸c section kh¸c nhau vµ m« t¶ thªm 1 loµi míi bÞ gi¶m xuèng bËc nh¸nh (section) trong c«ng cho khoa häc dùa trªn mÉu tiªu b¶n ®−îc tr×nh cña Engler n¨m 1920, khi «ng nghiªn cøu Hayata thu tõ ViÖt Nam n¨m 1921. GÇn ®©y, chi nµy lÇn thø 2. N¨m 1990, sau khi nghiªn cøu liªn tiÕp c¸c nghiªn cøu vÒ chi Typhonium ® cÊu tróc ph¸t sinh chåi sinh tr−ëng cña th©n cñ ®−îc c¸c nhµ thùc vËt häc tiÕn hµnh. N¨m 2000, Typhonium , Murata ® dùa trªn ®Æc ®iÓm kiÓu 2 chuyªn gia vÒ R¸y ë ch©u ¢u sau khi nghiªn ph¸t sinh chåi sinh tr−ëng ë th©n cñ ®Ó s¾p xÕp cøu rÊt kü mèi liªn quan gi÷a hai chi c¸c loµi trong chi vµo c¸c nhãm kh¸c nhau [9, Sauromatum vµ Typhonium , ® s¸p nhËp chi 10]. Dùa trªn quan ®iÓm cña Murata, kÕt hîp Sauromatum vµo chi Typhonium [5]. Còng trong víi c¸c ®Æc ®iÓm kh¸c nhau cña l¸ v¶y, phiÕn l¸, c«ng tr×nh nµy, mét loµi míi Typhonium hoa bÊt thô... Sriboonma D. et al. ® s¾p xÕp c¸c C«ng tr×nh ®−îc sù hç trî kinh phÝ cña Ch−¬ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu c¬ b¶n 25 loµi thuéc chi Typhonium trong 5 nhãm kh¸c h×nh nãn thu«n, nhiÒu khi h×nh dïi m¶nh, nhau. §ã lµ c¸c section: sect. Gigantea th−êng cã mÇu s¾c sÆc sì, lé râ khi hoa në. Hoa Sriboonma D. vµ J. Murata; sect. Hirsuta ®¬n tÝnh, trÇn; bÇu h×nh trøng tíi bÇu dôc, nóm Sriboonma D. vµ J. Murata; sect. Diversifolia nhuþ h×nh ®Üa, vßi nhuþ kh«ng, 1 «, 1-3 non; Sriboonma D. vµ J. Murata; sect. Pedata non th¼ng, ®Ýnh gèc; nhÞ hîp thµnh nhãm 2-3, Sriboonma, D. vµ J. Murata vµ sect. Typhonium . c¸c nhÞ th−êng rêi; bao phÊn h×nh trøng tíi bÇu Trong nghiªn cøu cña chóng t«i, c¸c loµi trong dôc, më b»ng lç ë ®Ønh hoÆc khe ë bªn. Qu¶ chi nµy ë ViÖt Nam ®−îc s¾p xÕp trong 2 mäng h×nh trøng, cã 1-2 h¹t. section: sect. Pedata vµ sect. Typhonium theo hÖ Lectotypus: T. trilobatum (L.) Schott thèng cña Sriboonma D. vµ cs. [15]. (selected by Nicolson 1967). Typhonium Schott - B¸n h¹ Khãa ®Þnh lo¹i c¸c loµi Typhonium ë ViÖt Nam Schott, 1829. Wiener Zheischr. Kunst 1829 1A. L¸ v¶y ph¸t triÓn; th©n cã chåi bªn ë vÞ trÝ (3): 732; Schott, 1858. Gen. Aroid. t. 17; Schott, d−íi vÞ trÝ l¸ tËn cïng ............... (sect. Pedata ) 1860. Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 105; Engl. 1879. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 609; Benth. & Hook. f. PhiÕn l¸ xÎ d¹ng bµn ®¹p, 7-11 thuú; hoa 1883. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 967; Hook. f. 1893. Fl. Brit. bÊt thô h×nh chuú ë d−íi, h×nh sîi ë trªn Ind. 6: 509; Engl. 1920. Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23 F): .................................................. 1. T. horsifieldii 108; Gagnep. 1942. Fl. GÐn Indoch. 6: 1174; H. 1B. L¸ v¶y nhá khã nhËn thÊy; th©n cã chåi bªn Li, 1979. Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 13 (2): 101; Nicols. ë vÞ trÝ trªn vÞ trÝ l¸ tËn cïng ..................... & Sivadasan, 1981. Blumea 27: 487; Hay A. (sect. Typhonium ) ...................................... 2 1993. Blumea 37(2): 347; Sribooma D. et al. 2A. PhiÕn l¸ xÎ ch©n vÞt 5 thuú ........................ 3 1994. Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, III. 15: 255. 2B. PhiÕn l¸ nguyªn hay xÎ 3 thuú .................. 4 Cá nhá tíi võa, th−êng xanh hay rông l¸. Th©n cñ th−êng h×nh trô, côt ë gèc hoÆc h×nh 3A. L¸ th−êng chØ cã 1, Ýt khi 2 l¸; thuú l¸ h×nh cÇu kh«ng ®Òu, vá ngoµi vµ bªn trong tr¾ng. RÔ trøng thu«n tíi h×nh m¸c, kh¸ réng, hÑp Ýt, th−êng m¶nh. L¸ th−êng cã vµi l¸ cïng tån nhÊt 2 cm ........................ 2. T. bachmaense t¹i, hiÕm khi mét l¸; cuèng l¸ dµi tõ vµi cm tíi 3B. Th−êng cã vµi l¸; thuú l¸ h×nh m¸c hÑp, 40 cm, th−êng m¶nh, cã bÑ ng¾n; phiÕn l¸ réng nhÊt 12 mm ..................... 3. T. lineare nguyªn, h×nh tam gi¸c tíi h×nh trøng, h×nh tim 4A. PhiÕn mo cã gèc h×nh trøng hay h×nh tam tíi h×nh ®Çu tªn, xÎ 3 thuú tíi xÎ ch©n vÞt 5-7 gi¸c thu«n, phÇn trªn kÐo dµi rÊt nhiÒu thuú, cã khi xÎ d¹ng bµn ®¹p tíi 11 thuú; g©n l¸ thµnh d¹ng phiÕn hÑp hay d¹ng sîi, cuén h×nh l«ng chim, g©n bªn Ýt khi râ. B«ng mo hay h¬i xo¾n l¹i, máng, nh¹t mÇu th−êng ®¬n ®éc vµ xuÊt hiÖn cïng víi l¸. Cuèng ................................................................... 5 b«ng mo th−êng ng¾n, bao bëi l¸ v¶y hoÆc kh«ng. Mo chia 2 phÇn, phÇn èng ë d−íi, h×nh 4B. PhiÕn mo h×nh trøng hay h×nh tam gi¸c cÇu hay h×nh trøng, tån t¹i; phÇn phiÕn ë trªn, réng, phÇn trªn thu«n nhän dÇn nh−ng h×nh tam gi¸c tíi h×nh trøng, ®«i khi h×nh m¸c kh«ng thµnh phiÕn hÑp hay thµnh sîi, kh¸ hÑp, dµi, ®Ønh cuén hay xo¾n, th−êng cã mÇu dÇy, th−êng ®á hång tíi ®á ®Ëm s¾c sÆc sì, sím rông. B«ng kh«ng cuèng, chiÒu ................................................................... 9 dµi biÕn ®æi; phÇn mang hoa c¸i th−êng h×nh trô 5A. PhÇn trôc b«ng gi÷a phÇn hoa ®ùc vµ phÇn tíi nãn côt, rÊt ng¾n, th−êng vµi milimÐt, ®«i khi hoa c¸i phñ ®Çy hoa bÊt thô; hoa bÊt thô 2 chØ cã vµi hµng hoa; phÇn mang hoa ®ùc th−êng lo¹i, h×nh sîi ë phÝa trªn vµ h×nh chuú ë h×nh trô hoÆc h×nh bÇu dôc, c¸c hoa xÕp dµy phÝa d−íi .......................
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